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35th BCS Written Preparation


Group link: www.facebook.com/groups/35BCSWP
Samad Azad, Md Zakir Hossain, Study Venture
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=Politics in South Asia: Bangladesh-India relations, regional integration, water dispute,
border problems and terrorism.
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= Section C: Problem-solving (Trade)

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Sub Topics :::: (MDG), (SDG)
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(Related Topics):
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Economy, Foreign Policy and External Relations of Bangladesh (Participation in International Organizations),
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Participation in International Organizations, International Economic Institutions, International Economic Relations,
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# According to the United Nations,
A least developed country (LDC) is a country that, exhibits the lowest indicators of socioeconomic
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........................................................
# A country that is considered lacking in terms of its economy, infrastructure and industrial base. The
population of a lesser-developed country often has a relatively low standard of living, due to low incomes
Mishuk Moshiur (www.fb.com/moshiur.sau10)

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and abundant poverty. A lesser-developed country is usually poor, as measured by per capita gross
domestic product, and un-modernized. LDCs rely primarily on agriculture as a source of income and
industrial practices usually contribute to less than 10% of the nation's GDP.
(Ref: INVESTOPEDIA)
........................................................
The concept of LDCs originated in the late 1960s and the first group of LDCs was listed by the UN in its
resolution 2768 (XXVI) of 18 November 1971. A country is classified as a Least Developed Country if it
meets three criteria:
Poverty adjustable criterion: three-year average GNI per capita of less than US $992, which must exceed
$1,190 to leave the list as of 2012.
Human resource weakness: based on indicators of nutrition, health, education and adult literacy.
Economic vulnerability: based on instability of agricultural production, instability of exports of goods and
services, economic importance of non-traditional activities, merchandise export concentration, handicap
of economic smallness, and the percentage of population displaced by natural disasters.
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The Liberation War and its Background


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122
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123

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130


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The theory of 'Three Zeros'


Mahfuz Anam
We are all familiar with the mathematical formulation that 0+0+0= 0. Well, not so, says Prof Yunus.
He says 0+0+0= 100, 1000, 100,000, 1 million, take your pick.
Has our venerable professor of economics, the famous founder of the one of its kind Grameen Bank, the recipient of
Nobel Peace Prize, the initiator of Social Business movement that is now knocking at the door of most of the
Fortune 500 companies suddenly turned into a mathematician?
Not really. He spoke of his Three Zeros formulation yesterday to a packed house of 1,600 guests with 250
delegates from 30 countries, on the occasion of the 6th Social Business Day at the BICC.
He elaborated how a Three Zeros action plan will save the world for our future generation. His ideas, as always,
are simple. He said that the world must adopt a policy of:
a) zero poverty;
b) zero unemployment; and,
c) zero carbon emission.
Only then would the world have a sustainable development. Any other plan will not be sustainable.

Mishuk Moshiur (www.fb.com/moshiur.sau10)

Page 130

131
To achieve his Three Zeros plan, he said, we needed four things:
1. Harness the energy and creativity of the youth;
2. Use the power of technology;
3. Transform business into Social Business; and,
4. Ensure good governance.
He believes that there is practically nothing that the young cannot achieve. Their can do spirit is the biggest asset
for the world especially for Bangladesh. The youth will have to be energised, given freedom of action, sufficient
support and guidance and they will do the rest. We must believe in our youth, he kept on emphasising.
About technology, he said that the world is changing at an unbelievable rate and all of it is coming from
technological innovation. But this technology is in the hands of the rich who are using it to further enrich
themselves.
But if the same technology is used to solve the problems of the world -- poverty, unemployment, environmental
degradation, population management, etc., then the world will become transformed. The immediate task should be
to use the magnificent innovations of science and technology to trigger sustainable growth and not to increase
rich-poor gap and all sorts of discrimination.
Social Business is the real business, the rest are a distortion. His view that a business only based on avarice, greed,
acquisitive instinct, self interest, etc. is only half the story. There is a far better and glorious other half story that
remains totally ignored and untold in the present day capitalist narrative of human nature.
Human beings are much more complex and bigger, and filled with many other qualities such as love, empathy,
fellow feeling, idealism, nobility and capacity for sacrifice. Present day capitalism has successfully produced
enormous wealth for which it must be appreciated. But in the process, and by concentrating only on greed related
aspects of human nature, our civilisation has perverted the core human person.
While producing wealth on the basis of personal interest alone and delinking him or her from the fundamental fact
that a human being is a social animal with a conscious or subconscious desire to produce social good, the
present capitalistic production system has negatively impacted the human psyche making him or her detached from
natural instincts and feelings.
Finally, it is good governance that brings all the above together. Everything that has been said above can be
achieved only if a society is based on the rule of law, democracy, fundamental rights, gender equality, accountable
and transparent governance process. It is only in an environment of good governance that Social Business can thrive.
It is perhaps a bit audacious on my part to comment that Prof Yunus' ideas have come a long way. While his
microfinance sharply focused on the issues of poverty, especially that of women, his ideas of Social Business
encompass the whole society -- rich and poor, man and woman, big and small, black or white, developed or
developing, etc. So, while microfinance was a development issue, Social Business is a civilisational issue. It asks
the crucial question whether our civilisation -- as it now operates, produces, consumes, allocates resources, makes
laws, dispenses justice, discriminates between the rich and the poor, allows poverty and unemployment to exist, and,
most crucially, as it now recklessly and unthinkingly exploits nature -- is sustainable?
The answer my friend is blowing in the wind.
On a lighter note, the 6th Social Business Summit began with a message from Sharon Stone, yes, the world famous
film actress, sending her love and best wishes to Prof Yunus, his team and all those involved in Social Business. Bill

Mishuk Moshiur (www.fb.com/moshiur.sau10)

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132
Clinton, the one and only, in a video message on the occasion of Social Business Day, which also coincides with
Prof Yunus' birthday, said of him your life is a gift to humanity and wished him many more years of dedicated
service to change the world and make it a better place.
But the most enjoyable video greetings came from a Chinese village where housewives remembered Yunus' visit
last year and said Please come again with more ideas to help us, as we are still following what you said the last
time. However what won everybody's heart in yesterday's gathering and led to spontaneous applause was Chinese
kids asking Yunus, Grand pa, when will you come again.

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==========
Related: International Affairs (Section-C: Problem Solving)
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EURO day = 1 January
Civil Service day = 1 September
=11 March
=21 February
=15 August
=21 February
=21 February
=7 June
=18 April
=20 January
= - /24 January
Mishuk Moshiur (www.fb.com/moshiur.sau10)

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=10 November
= /6 December

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)VAT) =10 July
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. Watercourse States, shall in utilizing an international watercourse in their territories take all
appropriate measures, to prevent the causing of significant harm to other watercourse States.aviv 7.2
Where significant harm nevertheless is caused to another watercourse State, the State whose use
causes such harm shall, in the absence of agreement to such use, take all appropriate measures, having
due regard for the provisions of articles 5 and 6, in consultation with the affected State, to eliminate or
mitigate such harm and where appropriate, to discuss the question of compensation.

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