Sunteți pe pagina 1din 16

EMBRYO. LAB.

72-HR CHICK
Whole Mount

Cranial / Cephalic Flexure


Cervical / Nuchal Flexure - @ level of 1st somites
Tail Flexure - @ caudal end of embryo
Amnion and chorion encloses whole embryo
Paired wings
Lung buds
Allantois sac-like structure encircled by the tail
Note the ff:
1) Telencephalon
2) Nasal Pits
3) Diencephalon
4) Pineal Gland
5) Optic Cups
6) Optic Fissure
7) Lens Vesicle
8) Infundibulum
9) Rathkes Pouch
10)
Mesencephalon
11)
Metencephalon
12)
Isthmus
13)
Myelencephalon
14)
Auditory Vesicle
15)
Endolymphatic Ducts
16)
Spinal Cord

Transverse Section
1) Metencephalon anterior part of hindbrain
- thicker walls than myelencephalon
- indistinct boundary between meten and myelencephalon
- fate of its roof: cerebellum
2) Myelencephalon posterior part of hindbrain
- fate of its thin roof (Posterior Choroid Plexus): roof of medulla (& adjacent
ectoderm)
3) Neuromeres segmented enlargements
- found on walls of meten & myelencephalon
- 11 neuromeres:
> Forebrain 1st to 3rd
> Midbrain 4th to 5th
> Hindbrain 6th to 11th
4) Posterior Choroid Plexus thin roof of myelencephalon
- folded in the myelocoel
- vascularization occurs here
5) Endolymphatic Ducts @ sides of myelencephalon walls
- small, thick-walled oval structure
- appears before auditory vesicle does
6) Auditory Vesicles / Otic Vesicles / Otocysts - @ level of 10th neuromere
- on each side of myelencephalon
- bigger than endolymphatic duct
*Going posterior, on each side: 2 groups of nerve fibers, continuous to ganglia

7) Acoustico-facialis Ganglia (AFG) dark cell masses


- lie against cranial wall of otic vesicle
- Facial (VII) + Auditory (VIII) ganglia
8) Spinal Cord
a. Central Canal central cavity
b. Roof Plate thin mid-dorsal wall
c. Floor Plate mid-ventral wall
d. Sulcus Limitans lateral depression of central canal
- midway between floor and roof plates
e. Alar Plates dorsoventral wings
- wall between sulcus limitans and roof plate
f. Basal Plates ventrolateral wings
- wall between sulcus limitans and floor plate
g. Membranes
1. Marginal Layer outer; several fibers, fewer nuclei
2. Ependymal Layer single, innermost; adjacent to central canal;
mitotic cells
3. Mantle Layer wide; heavily nucleated; between marginal and
ependymal
9) Semilunar Ganglion / Gasserian Ganglion very large, dark mass
- anterior to AFG
- subdivide into 3 (branches of Trigeminal Nerve):
1. Maxillary branch medial
2. Ophthalmic branch lateral branch closest to mesencephalon
3. Mandibular branch lateral branch above ophthalmic arch
10) Superior Ganglion - very small, rounded cell accumulation
- @ caudal of sides of otic vesicles
- nerves: Glossopharyngeal Nerves
- can be traced into 3rd branchial arch
11) Somite compact cell masses
- immediately lateral to myelencephalon
- w/ dermatome, myotome, sclerotome
12) Mesencephalon small, rounded region beneath metencephalon
- cavity: Mesocoel (future Cerebral Aqueduct / Aqueduct of Sylvius)
- posteriorly becomes continuous w/ metencephalon

13) Oculomotor Nerve (III) group of nerve fibers that appear as a pair of streaks
from the mesencephalic floor
- innervate 4 pairs of extrinsic eye muscles
14) Anterior Cardinal Vein (ACV) / Precardinal Vein found in mesenchyme of
mesencephalic floor
- large vein; represented by space
15) Notochord elongated cells
- between 2 regions of hindbrain / between spinal cord and hindbrain
FOREGUT & Associated Structures:
1) Closing Plates double layered membranes
- endoderm (of pharyngeal pouches) + ectoderm (pharyngeal pouches)
2) Pharyngeal Furrows from invagination of pharyngeal pouches
3) 1st Pharyngeal Furrow and Pouch (PF & P) endodermal evagination
- (in this section) isolated structure, becomes continuous w/ pharynx
- opens externally via 1st Pharyngeal Furrow
- (furrow) V-shaped ectodermal indentation
4) 2nd PF & P similar in appearance than 1st
- more posterior (towards spinal cord)

3rd and 4th PF & P and closing plates more posterior; @ w/c 1 st and 2nd fade
out

5) Visceral Arches between adjacent PFs


- thickened and filled w/ mesenchymal cells
6) Mandibular Arch mass of mesenchyme
- anterior to 1st PF (towards mesencephalon)
7) Maxillary Arch lobe-like mass of mesenchyme
- anterior to stomodeum
- found in same mass of mesenchyme where mesencephalon is found
8) Hyoid Arch mesenchyme between 1st (hyomandibular) pouch & furrow and 2nd
furrow
9) Symphysis of Lower Jaw where 2 arches of mandibular arch fuse ventrally
(posterior)
10) Dorsal Aorta paired
- cut frontally @ sides of foregut
- constricted into 2 parts @ level of 1st pharyngeal pouch

11) 1st Aortic Arch w/in mandibular process


12) 2nd-4th Aortic Arches from dorsal aortae into 2nd-4th branchial arches
respectively
13) Ventral Aorta / Aortic Sac / Truncus arteriosus
separate vessels of 1st aortic arch (@ mandibular arch level) unite
- (posterior) ventral ends of 2nd and 3rd aortic arch unite
14) Descending Aorta from fusion of paired aortae
- posterior to 3rd pharyngeal pouch
15) Internal Carotid Artery narrower vessel
- cranial extension of dorsal aorta
- located in mesenchyme lateral to notochord
- medial to ACV
- seemingly broken (by pharyngeal pouch) into 2 segments
- around Rathkes pouch, @ sides of infundibulum and diencephalon
16) Jugular Ganglion derived from neural crest cells
- dark, smaller mass of cells
- posterior to IX nerve
- fades out w/in 4th branchial arch
17) Thyroid Rudiments from pharyngeal floor
- median diverticula/depression @ level between 1 st and 2nd pair of pharyngeal
pouches
18) Oral Plate / Pharyngeal Membrane - separates stomodeum from foregut
- constituted by apposition of pharyngeal endoderm and stomodeal ectoderm
- ruptures to form mouth
19) Preoral Gut small; cranial to pharyngeal membrane
- becomes less conspicuous after rupture of oral plate
20) Stomodeum slitlike space
- lined by ectoderm
- between 2 visceral arches next to foregut
21) Rathkes Pouch rudiment of anterior pituitary gland
- irregular cavity
- lined by cuboidal epithelium
- opens into stomodeum
22) Laryngotracheal Groove V-shaped ventralmost part of posterior part of
foregut
- seen @ level of 4th pharyngeal pouch when foregut elongates ventrally
23) Trachea arises w/ the lung buds as ventrocaudal diverticulum of pharynx

- (in some sections) beneath esophagus


24) Lung Buds paired bilateral expansion of laryngotracheal groove
- (in posterior sections) beneath esophagus
- (posteriolaterally) doughnut-like structure
- fate: Bronchi
- lead to lung bud proper
25) Pleural Cavities lateral to lung buds; continuous w/ pericardial cavities
26) Esophagus dorsal, rounded part of foregut
- separated from laryngotracheal groove due to its constriction
- (together w/ lung buds) found w/in thick mesentery of splachnic mesoderm
27) Mediastinum mesenchymal mass where esophagus and lung buds are
embedded
- dorsal mesentery (mesoesophagus) + ventral mesentery (dorsal mesocardium)
28) Bulbus Cordis / Conus arteriosus / Bulbus arteriosus
indicated by endocardium and myocardium
29) Atrium - @ left; caudal to bulbus cordis
- w/ blood corpuscles
30) Sinus Venosus - @ dorsal part of atrium
- attached to foregut by dorsal mesocardium
- separated from atrium by slight constriction
- becomes continuous with common cardinal vein
31) Ventricle fused left and right heart regions
- identified by thick wall
32) Trabeculae irregular projections of myocardium
- numerous in ventricular walls
33) Common Cardinal Vein (CCV) / Duct of Cuvier
- blood vessel (bv) continuous and @ side of sinus venosus
- lower vessel
- (upper vessel) Posterior Cardinal Vein
34) Pleuropericardial Membrane / Lateral Mesocardium bridge of
mesenchyme thru w/c CCV passes
- separates pleural and pericardial cavities
35) Transverse Septum (TS) mesenchyme incompletely separating pericardial
cavity from peritoneal
- encloses vein entering heart
36) Peritoneal Cavity posterior to TS
- continuous w/ pleural and pericardial cavity

37) Diencephalon replaces mesencephalon


- laterally compressed
- w/ thinner walls
38) Infundibulum in sections posterior to oculomotor nerves
- long, ventral outpocketing of diencephalon
39) Optic Cup (OC) formed by invagination of optic vesicles
- not connected to diencephalon @ first sections

Mesenchymal cells aggregations outside of OC, becomes sclera & choroids

40) Retina inner layer of optic cup


- differentiate into:
1. Sensory Retina thick layer of optic cup
- next to lens vesicle
2. Pigmented Retina thin external layer of optic cup
41) Optic Fissure / Choroid Fissure formed by ventral invagination of optic
cups and stalks
- ventral gap in optic cup
42) Lens Vesicle lens freed from superficial skin ectoderm (later forms corneal
epithelium)
- closed vesicle that differentiates into:
1. Elongated and centrally located cells (forms lens fibers)
2. Outer, narrower cell layer (forms lens epithelium)
43) Corneal Epithelium single cell layer; covers lens of eye
44) Optic Stalk thru w/c optic cups become continuous with diencephalons
45) Postcardinal Vein bv; eventually lies dorsal to mesonephros
46) Intersegmental Vein small bv; extensions of postcardinal vein
- drain blood from dorsal organs (like somites, notochord, neural tube)
47) Stomach medial to pleural cavities
- continuous w/ esophagus
48) Dorsal Mesogaster mesentery dorsal to stomach
49) Hepatogastric Ligament / Ventral Mesogaster mesentery ventral to
stomach
50) Ductus Venosus has become the sinus venosus posteriorly
- thick wall of mesenchyme
- embedded in it are liver diverticula

51) Anterior Liver Diverticulum (ALD) / Cranial LD - @ level of stomach


- above large bv (ductus venosus)
52) Duodenum seen when ALD becomes continuous w/ foregut
53) Mesoduodenum mesentery dorsal to duodenum
54) Hepatoduodenal Ligament / Duodenohepatic Ligament mesentery
ventral to duodenum
55) Posterior Liver Diverticulum (PLD) / Caudal LD beneath ductus venosus;
connects duodenum
56) Pronephros small tubes
- ventrolateral to dorsal aorta
- Nephrostomes: opening of pronephros to coelom
57) Allantoic Vein (AV) / Umbilical Vein - @ lateral body wall
- drains blood from allantois
- is there diff. in size of left and right AV?
58) Telencephalon appears in more posterior sections
- cavity divisions:
1. Telocoel / Ventricle III median; connects posteriorly to diocoele
2. 2 Diocoele / Ventricle I & II lateral; connect to telocoel thru Foramen of
Monro
59) Telencephalic Vesicles - lateral , oval-shaped evagination of telencephalon
- becomes cerebral hemispheres
60) Lamina Terminalis thin section of anterior telencephalic wall
61) Nasal/Olfactory Placodes thickened skin ectoderm lateral to telencephalon
62) Nasal/Olfactory Pit ectodermal invagination on sides of telencephalon
- External nares: openings to outside
63) Vitelline/Omphalomessenteric Veins 2 big bv @ level of gut
- on sides of ALD

Avian liver diverticulum arise as 2 buds on the duodenum


Amphibian liver diverticulum arise as ventral evagination of foregut

64) Cranial Intestinal Portal (CIP) / Anterior IP - @ level of duodenum, ventral


to ductus venosus
65) Wing Buds conical bulges on sides of body
- @ level caudal to CIP
- composed of core somatic mesoderm, covered by skin ectoderm
- said skin ectoderm thickens laterally as apical ectodermal ridge

66) Intersegmented Arteries small bv continuous w/ dorsal aorta


67) Urogenital System:
a. Mesonephric/Wolffian Duct tiny duct w/ thick wall on sides @ level of
wing buds
- far laterally & ventral to Posterior Cardinal Vein
- formed by cavitaion of mesonephric duct rudiments
b. Mesonephric Tubules paired S-shaped tubules
- medial to each mesonephric duct
- fate: Mesonephric Kidneys
c. Mesonephric Ridge rounded bulge of dorsal body wall into the
peritoneal cavity containing the mesonephros
d. Subcardinal Veins small bv beneath each mesonephric kidney
68) Leg Buds - @ level of Posterior Intestinal Portal
69) Tail Bud undifferentiated cells
- remnants of primitive streak and Hensons Node
70) Allantois dark mass w/ irregular sacculation
- located to the right of hindgut, in the extraembryonic coelom
- from splanchnopleure
- store nitrogenous waste
- embryonic respiratory organs of birds
- connected to hindgut
71) Chorio-allantoic Membrane beneath inner shell membrane
- for respiration & absorption of calcium (for shell)
72) Yolk Sac from splanchnopleure
- overgrows the yolk
- its endodermal cells digest the yolk
- yolk is transported to embryo via vitelline veins
73) Chorion outer wall of amniotic fold: ectoderm (outside) + mesoderm (inside)
74) Amnion inner wall of amniotic fold: somatic mesoderm (outside) + ectoderm
(inside)
75) Extraembryonic Coelom / Exocoel lined by somatic mesoderm
- cavity w/in each amniotic fold
- continuous w/ intraembryonic coelom
76) Hindgut lined by endoderm
77) Lateral Body Fold (with head and tail folds) forms boundary between
embryonic and extraembryonic regions

78) Cloaca posterior part of hindgut


- ventrally continuous w/ allantois
- posteriorly continuous w/ mesonephric ducts

79) Cloacal Membrane / Anal Plate double layered membrane


- where ventral endoderm of cloaca fuses w/ ventral skin ectoderm
- rupture to be anus
80) Caudal Intestinal Portal (CdIP) / Posterior Intestinal Portal connects
hindgut to subgerminal cavity

Hindgut floor disappears

S-ar putea să vă placă și