OBJECTIVE

To determine the percentage of Ferum in a Ferum solution.

ABTRACT

INTRODUCTION
Gravimetric Analysis plays significant role in determination of the amount of species in a
material through the conversion of that species to a product that can be isolated completely and
weighed. Most traditional gravimetric methods require the knowledge of stoichiometric
reactions, solubility rules and the calculation of mass of substance.
Gravimetry is comprised of sub-procedures such as precipitating the sample, filtering the
solution, washing the precipitate free of contaminants, igniting the precipitate and finally
weighing the precipitate and determining its mass by difference. Precipitation is a process in
which sample is reacted with another sample to form an insoluble product which is called the
precipitate. It is necessary to assure that the precipitate is free from impurities within, large
enough to filter and negligibly soluble.
An advantage of gravimetric analysis is that identifying the mass of a substance is one of the
most accurate measurements that can be made with errors of less than 0.2%. This method of
analysis has a real life applications such as determination of chemicals in contaminated water,
amount of fat a food may contain and others.

In this experiment, it involve the determination of the concentration of Fe in a given solution.

Fe(II) is oxidized to Fe(III) and then precipitated as ferric oxide hydrates, Fe2O3.XH2O. The
precipitate is filtered, washed and dried to produce ferric oxide, Fe2O3. Since Fe2O3 is a stable
compound, we can calculate the mass of Fe in the solution.
METHODOLOGY
A. PREPARING A CRUCIBLE
Crucible was cleaned together with its lid and was heated it in a furnace for 10 minutes. Then it
was cooled in a desiccator and weigh accurately.

B. PRECIPITATION
25.0 mL Ferum was pipetted into a 400 mL beaker, 25 mL distilled water was added and cover
with glass.

The solution was heated to boiling. 1 mL concentrated HNO3 was added drop wisely and the
solution is continue heated until solution become clear. The solution was diluted to 200 mL
distilled water

The beaker was cautiously transferred to the fume cupboard and 1:1 NH4OH was added into a
beaker.

The beaker was cautiously transferred to the fume cupboard and 1:1 NH4OH was added into the
solution slowly and with stirring until it is in excess.

C. FILTERING AND WASHING THE PRECIPITATE

The precipitate was filtered by decantation using a filter paper no. 41 without stirring the solution
to ensure that most of the precipitate will be left behind in the beaker.

The precipitate was washed with 30 mL warm 1% NH4NO3 solutions. Then the solution is poured
into the filter funnel leaving behind most of the precipitate and was repeated for two times. Then,
all the precipitate was transferred quantitatively into the funnel.

The precipitate is washed using warm distilled water and was tested for chloride with acidic silver
nitrate solution. The washing process was repeated with more distilled water.

D. DRYING AND WEIGHING THE PRECIPITATE

The filter paper containing all the precipitate was transferred into the crucible that we have
prepared.

The crucible was heated using a Bunsen burner with a small flame at the beginning until all the
paper has burned. The flame was increased and continue heating for another 20 minutes. The
process is repeated until a constant mass is obtained.

The crucible was heated using a Bunsen burner with a small flame at the beginning until all the
paper has burned. The flame was increased and continue heating for another 20 minutes. The
process is repeated until a constant mass is obtained.

The crucible and precipitate was cooled and is weighed. The precipitate was poured into a plastic
wrap.