Support material / Material de apoyo

Learning activity 4 / Actividad de aprendizaje 4

Presentation / Presentacin
1. Present perfect / Presente perfecto
A. Function / Funcin
We use the present perfect to talk about an indefinite time in the past. We use
the simple past to talk about a definite time in the past. / Usamos el presente
perfecto para hablar de un tiempo indefinido en el pasado. Usamos el
pasado simple para hablar de un tiempo definido en el pasado
Examples / Ejemplos:

He has gone to Cartagena twice. (Indefinite time: we dont know when).

Present Perfect. / l ha ido a Cartagena dos veces. (Tiempo indefinido:
no sabemos cundo). Presente perfecto.
He went to Cartagena last week. (Definite time: we know when). Simple
Past. / l fue a Cartagena la semana pasada. (Tiempo definido: sabemos
cundo). Pasado simple.

B. Structure / Estructura

Subject
She

Affirmative form / Forma afirmativa

Auxiliary
Past
verb (Have,
Complement
participle
Has)
has
traveled
a lot.

Note: remember that when the subject is he - she - it, you have to use has. /
Nota: recuerde que para los pronombres personales he - she - it, usted debe
usar el auxiliar has.

Subject

They

Negative form / Forma negativa

Auxiliary
Past
verb
participle
(havent,
hasnt)
havent
been

Complement

to Italy.

Note: remember that when the subject is he - she - it, you have to use has. /

Nota: recuerde que para los pronombres personales he - she - it, usted debe
usar el auxiliar has.
C. Yet, already, just / An, Ya, Recintemente
Some adverbs of time such as yet, already, and just are commonly used with
the present perfect. / Algunos adverbios de tiempo como an, ya, y
recintemente son usados comnmente con el presente perfecto.
a. Yet
Yet is commonly used in negative statements to show an action has lasted
longer than expected. Pay attention to its position in the sentence. / Yet es
comnmente usada en oraciones negativas para mostrar que una accin ha
tomado mayor tiempo de lo esperado. Preste atencin a su posicin en la
oracin.
Examples / Ejemplos:

You havent finished yet. / An no has terminado.

He hasnt returned the book yet. / El an no ha devuelto el libro.

We also use yet in questions. / Tambin usamos yet en preguntas.

Has she left yet? / Ella ya se fue?

Note: remember that, in Spanish yet means ya in questions and an in

negative statements. / Nota: recuerde que yet significa ya en preguntas y an
en oraciones negativas.
b. Already
Already is used in affirmative statements and questions to show an action has
happened earlier than expected. Pay attention to its position in affirmative and
interrogative statements respectively. / Already se usa en oraciones
afirmativas y preguntas para mostrar que una accin ha sucedido antes de lo
esperado. Preste atencin a su posicin en enunciados afirmativos e
interrogativos, respectivamente.
Examples / Ejemplos:

Laura has already left. / Laura ya se fue.

Has Laura already left? /Ya se fue Laura?
He has already returned the book. / l ya devolvi el libro.
Has he already returned the book? /l ya devolvi el libro?

c. Just
Just is used in the present perfect to show that an action has finished only a
short time before now. / Just se usa en el presente perfecto para mostrar que
una accin ha sido finalizada hace poco tiempo del momento presente.
Examples / Ejemplos:
Becky has just left. / Becky se acab de ir.
I have just finished. / Acab de terminar.
They have just arrived. / Acaban de llegar.
2. Indefinite pronouns / Pronombres indefinidos
A. Function / Funcin
We use indefinite pronouns to refer to a person, place, thing or idea that is
not specific. / Usamos los pronombres indefinidos para referirnos a una
persona, lugar, cosa o idea que no es especfica.
Look at the chart below: / Observe el recuadro a continuacin:

SomeAnyNoEvery-

People
Someone,
somebody
Anyone,
anybody
No one,
nobody
Everyone,
everybody

Things

Places

Something

Somewhere

Anything

Anywhere

Nothing

Nowhere

Everything

Everywhere

Examples / Ejemplos:

Someone is knocking on the door.

Can someone help me?
You left something on the table.
There is nothing you can do about it.
Everywhere you go, you can meet cool people.

B. Points to ponder about usage / Cosas para considerar en cuanto

al uso
When we use any in a negative sentence the meaning is totally negative.
Look at the example: / Cuando usamos any en una oracin negativa el

significado es totalmente negativo. Mire el ejemplo:

Example / Ejemplo:
She doesnt know anybody in here. / Ella no conoce a nadie aqu.
Versus
Anybody can use a computer. / Cualquier persona puede usar un computador.
3. Quantifiers / Cuantificadores
A quantifier is a word we use before a noun to indicate the amount or
quantity. / Un cuantificador es una palabra que usamos para indicar
cantidad.
Quantifiers can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns. Take a
look at the following examples: / Los cuantificadores se pueden usar tanto con
sustantivos contables como con sustantivos no contables. Observe los
siguientes ejemplos:

There is too much pollution in this city. (Uncountable noun). / Hay

demasiada polucin en esta ciudad. (Sustantivo no contable).

We have too many taxes. (Countable noun). / Tenemos demasiados

impuestos. (Sustantivo contable).

She doesnt have enough money. (Uncountable noun). / Ella no tiene

suficiente dinero. (Sustantivo no contable).

We have enough apples for the pie. (Countable noun). / Tenemos

suficientes manzanas para la tarta. (Sustantivo contable).

They need a little sugar for the recipe. (Uncountable noun). / Necesitan
un poco de azcar para la receta. (Sustantivo no contable).

He has a few friends. (Countable noun). / l tiene pocos amigos.

(Sustantivo contable).

Some quantifiers can also be used with adjectives. Take a look the following
examples: / Algunos cuantificadores pueden ser usados con adjetivos. Mire
los siguientes ejemplos:

These boxes are too heavy. / Estas cajas estn demasiado pesadas.

She is not fast enough. / Ella no es lo suficintemente rpida.

They are a little irresponsible. / Ellos son un poco irresponsables.

Note: when you use enough with an adjective, place enough after it. / Nota:
cuando use enough con un adjetivo, use enough despus de ste.

Practice / Prctica
A. Organize the words to write affirmative or interrogative statements. Use
the present perfect tense. / Organice las palabras para crear enunciados
afirmativos o interrogativos. Use el presente perfecto.
1. In Chicago / go sightseeing / yet / you / ?
____________________________________

2. Nepalese food / already/ try / they/

____________________________________

3. John and Margie / Colpatria tower / just / go to the top of /

____________________________________

4. ? / Tokyo / yet / our parents / visit /

____________________________________

5. Feijoada / already / Tanya / eat

____________________________________

B. Complete the following conversations with either the present perfect tense
or the simple present tense. Use the information in the parenthesis. /
Complete las siguientes conversaciones con el presente perfecto o el
pasado simple. Use la informacin entre parntesis.
1. a. ______________________ (you / wear) a tuxedo?
b. Yes, I __________.
a. When ______________ (you / wear) it?
b. I ______________ it to a wedding last Saturday.

2.
a. _______________ (you / borrow) clothes from your dad?
b. Yes, I _______________.
a. What _______________ (you / borrow)?
b. A suit. I ___________ (need) one for a job interview.
3.
a. I ________________ (never / be / San Andres Island). What about
you?
b. Yes, I ___________. I ____________ (be) there twice.
a. When ______________ (be) the last time?
b. I ____________ (be) there one year ago.
C. Choose the best option. / Escoja la mejor opcin.
I (1) knew / have known Joss for many years. We (2) met / have met at the
same school when we (3) were / have been ten years old. We (4) went / have
been to the same university. We (5) traveled / have traveled together many
times. We (6) went / have gone to Paris one year ago. We (7) shared / have
shared many experiences. She (8) had / has had a baby last week. I (9)
didnt have/ havent had any children yet. I (10) think / have thought I dont
want to have that responsibility.
D. Complete the following statements using the words from the box. More
than one option might be possible. / Complete los siguientes enunciados
usando las palabras en el cuadro. Ms de una opcin podra ser posible.
Somedody / Something / Somewhere / Anybody / Anything / Anywhere /
Nobody / Nothing / Nowhere / Everybody / Everything / Everywhere

1. Last night we didnt have ___________ for dinner because we dont

know how to cook.

2. Jim is an excellent cook. ______________was delicious.

3. ______________ loves Susan. She is super friendly.
4. ____________ told me I had to wear a tie. Can I borrow one?
5. Dont worry. They must be ___________ near here.
6. You are hiding ___________. Tell me what it is.
7. Dont talk to ______________ there. You cant trust them.
E. Choose the correct pronoun to complete the statements. / Escoja el
pronombre correcto para completar los enunciados.
1. There is ___________ I cant tell you. Its a personal secret.
2. She helped almost __________ in the neighborhood. She is very
generous.
3. They didnt say ____________ useful. Their ideas dont have practical
value.
4. My cellphone was on the table. ____________ has taken it.
5. ___________ the doctors did to save her worked. She died.
6. I would go to Istanbul if I could go __________ in the world.
7. He didnt want to speak. He said ___________ at all.
F. Complete the following sentences using too, enough, too many, or too
much. / Complete las siguientes oraciones usando too, enough, too many,
o too much.
1. They didnt buy the house because it was ___________ expensive.
2. Laura couldnt sleep last night because she drank ____________
coffee.
3. I dont have __________ time to finish all I need to do.
4. You need to study hard __________ if you want to pass the test.
5. The traffic downtown is terrible. I think there are _____________ cars.

6. You cannot fish in that river. It is ___________ polluted.

7. Mrs. Smith assigns ___________ homework. I spent six hours doing
just the first part.
G. Rewrite the following sentences so that they keep the same meaning. Use
too or enough respectively. / Reescriba las siguientes oraciones de
manera que tengan el mismo significado. Use too o enough
respectivamente.
Example / Ejemplo:
He is too short to be part of the basketball team.
He isnt tall enough to be part of the basketball team.
1. Andrea is too young to vote.
______________________
2. I cannot drink this coffee. It is too hot.
______________________
3. Those pants are not cheap enough for me to buy them.
______________________
4. It is not warm enough today to go swimming.
______________________
5. Calculus is too difficult for me to understand.
______________________
H. Read the following definitions. According to them complete the education
crossword. / Lea las siguientes definiciones. De acuerdo con ellas
complete el crucigrama de educacin.
Across
2. A school where you have to pay since it is non-government.
4. A school for old children. It usually takes from 11 to 17 years
old.
9. A college in which people study to obtain a professional
degree.
10. A university teacher.
11. A person who teaches in a school or college.
12. The head of a school.

Down
1. A person who has already obtained a University degree.
3. A school for young children. It usually takes students from 6 to 10
years old.
5. A school for infant and toddlers.
6. A person that studies at a school, college or university.
7. A school where students have free education since it is paid by the
Government.
8. A person who works in a library.

Fuente: SENA

Production / Produccin
A. Write a list of things you have achieved and things you havent accomplished
yet but want to do it in the next five years. Use the present perfect. Write at
least ten sentences. / Escriba una lista de cosas que ha conseguido y cosas
que an no ha conseguido pero quiere hacerlo en los prximos cinco aos.

Escriba al menos diez oraciones.

____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
B. Write a composition about something you have done, made, created, or
materialized. Use indefinite pronouns to tell the story. / Escriba una
composicin sobre algo que usted haya hecho, construido, creado o
materializado. Use pronombres indefinidos para contar la historia.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
C. Imagine you are a personal trainer. Describe some bad habits people have
and provide some advice. Use quantifiers. / Imagine que usted es un
entrenador personal. Describa algunos malos hbitos que las personas
tienen y d algn consejo. Use los cuantificadores.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

Document control / Control del documento

Name

Kelly Johanna
Vera Diettes
Authors
Nicole Bruskewitz

Adaptation

Position

Dependence

Direccin de
Theme expert
formacin
Asesor English Dot
profesional.
Works - Programa Direccin General
de bilingismo
Direccin de
Theme expert
formacin
Asesor English Dot
profesional.
Works - Programa
Direccin
General
de bilingismo

Centro
Copy editor Lnea
Rachman
Agroindustrial.
de produccin
Bustillo Martnez
Regional Quindo

Date

September
2014

September
2014

October
2014