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11/19/2012

AIACESProgram#:NFSATV1512
Provider#:G131
1.5LU/HSW

HydraulicCalculationof
InRackSprinklers

NationalFireSprinklerAssociationisaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmerican
InstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES).Credit(s)
p
p g
p
/
forAIA
earnedoncompletionofthisprogramwillbereportedtoAIA/CES
members.CertificatesofCompletionforbothAIAmembersandnonAIA
membersareavailableuponrequest.

KennethE.Isman,P.E.F.S.F.P.E.
Kenneth
E Isman P E F S F P E
VicePresidentofEngineering

ThisprogramisregisteredwithAIA/CES forcontinuingprofessionaleducation.
Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedto
beanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstruction
oranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing,ordealinginany
materialorproduct.
Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbe
addressedattheconclusionofthispresentation
2

CopyrightMaterials

ProgramDescription
Thehydrauliccalculationproceduresforinrack
sprinklersareverydifferentfromtheprocedures
forceilingsprinklers.Determinationofthe
numberofsprinklersthatmightopenifthereisa
fireaswellasthelocationofthemostdemanding
sprinklerscanbeachallenge.Next,theuser
p
g
needstobedetermineiftheinracksprinkler
demandneedstobeaddedto(andbalanced
with)theceilingsprinklerdemand.Procedures
willbeprovidedforallofthesestepsinthe
calculationprocessaswellasadiscussionof
decisionsthatcanbemade(sprinklerselection,
pipesizingandpipelocation)tomakethesystem
asefficientaspossible.

ThispresentationisprotectedbyUSand
InternationalCopyrightlaws.Reproduction,
distribution,displayanduseofthe
presentation without written permission of
presentationwithoutwrittenpermissionof
TheNationalFireSprinklerAssociationis
prohibited.

NationalFireSprinklerAssociation2012
3

HydraulicCalculation
ofInRackSprinklers

LearningObjectives
Attheendofthisprogram,participantswillbeableto:
1. Calculatethecorrectnumberofinracksprinklers
fordifferentcommoditiesbeingprotected.
2 Selectthecorrectlocationoftheinracksprinklers
2.
S l t th
t l ti
f th i
k i kl
tobecalculated.
3. Correctlyapplytherulesregardingthebalancingof
inracksprinklerdemandswithceilingsprinkler
demands.
4. Calculatethesizethepipefeedingtheinrack
systemtobemostefficient.

Assumptions/discussion
Howmanysprinklers?
Wherearethey?
Minimum flow and pressure?
Minimumflowandpressure?
Calculationtechnique
Balancetoceilingsprinklers?
Makingthedesignmost
efficient

11/19/2012

Assumptions
Youvealreadydecidedtouse
inracksprinklerstoprotectthe
commodity
Youvealreadydecidedhow
manylevelsofinrack
sprinklerstoinstall
Youvealreadydecidedwhere
thepipingisgoingtogo

HydraulicCalculations
Performedtotellyou
Whatpipesizewillbebest?
Willthewatersupplyprovidethe
flowandpressurenecessaryto
control/suppress a fire?
control/suppressafire?

Assumptions
Wereusingthesectionnumbers
fromthe2010editionofNFPA
13inthisprogram
Previouseditionshavesimilar
rules just the section numbers
rules,justthesectionnumbers
havechanged
Forthe2013edition(which
mostpeoplehavenotseenyet)
therulesaresimilar,buthave
beenclarifiedwheresomeholes
existed

Howmanysprinklerswillbeopen?
NFPA13
ClassIIVCommodity
GroupAPlastics
Rubbertires

NFPA30 Flammableand
l
bl
d
CombustibleLiquids
NFPA30B Aerosols
Willdependon:
Numberoflevelsofinracks
Typeofsprinklersattheceiling

NFPA13 2010
ClassIIVCommodity(Chapter16)
Storage25ftandless(16.2)
Storageover25ft(16.3)

GroupAPlastics(Chapter17)
Storage25ftandless(17.2)
Storageover25ft(17.3)

RubberTires(18.5)

ClassIIVCommodity
Storageupto25ft(16.2.4.3.1)
IfspraysprinklersorCMSA
sprinklersattheceiling
1levelprotectingClassI,IIorIII:6
sprinklers
1levelprotectingClassIV:8sprinklers
2ormorelevelsprotectingClassI,II
orIII:10sprinklers(5onthetoptwo
levels)
2ormorelevelsprotectingClassIV:
14sprinklers(7onthetoptwolevels)

11/19/2012

Example1
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks

Example1
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks
PlanView

PlanView

ElevationView
DoubleRowRacks

ElevationView
DoubleRowRacks

Example1
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks

ClassIIVCommodity
Storageover25ft(16.3.4.3)
IfspraysprinklersorCMSA
sprinklersattheceiling

PlanView

1levelprotectingClassI,IIorIII:6
sprinklers
1levelprotectingClassIV:8sprinklers
2ormorelevelsprotectingClassI,IIor
III:10sprinklers(5onthetoptwo
levels)
2ormorelevelsprotectingClassIV:14
sprinklers(7onthetoptwolevels)
ElevationView
DoubleRowRacks

Calculate10sprinklers:5onthetoptwolevels

ClassIIVCommodity
Anystorageheight(16.3.3.5)
IfESFRsprinklersattheceiling
Calculate8sprinklersononelevel

GroupAPlastics
Storageofanyheight(17.2.4.3
forupto25ft;17.3.4.3for
over25ft)
IfspraysprinklersorCMSA
sprinklers at the ceiling
sprinklersattheceiling
1level:8sprinklers
2ormorelevels:14sprinklers(7onthe
toptwolevels)

IfESFRsprinklersattheceiling:
calculate8sprinklers(onone
level)

11/19/2012

RubberTireStorage
18.5.3and18.5.1
If1levelofinracksprinklers,
calculate12sprinklers
Ifmorethan1level,calculate
like plastics (Chapter 17)
likeplastics(Chapter17)
14sprinklers(7onthetoptwo
levels)

Whatifyoudonthaveenough
inracksprinklersonalevel?
Calculateallofthesprinklers
withinarack,including
sprinklersonotherlevels,but
youarenotrequiredtojump
theaisle
SeeExample2
SameasExample1
Supposedtocalculate10
sprinklers,5oneachlevel
Only7sprinklersineachrack

Example2
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks

MinimumFlowandPressure?
NFPA13

Calculate7
Sprinklers

Aisle

ElevationViewDoubleRowRacks

ClassIIVCommodity

ClassIIVCommodity
GroupAPlastics
Rubbertires

NFPA30 Flammableand
l
bl
d
CombustibleLiquids
NFPA30B Aerosols
Willdependon:
Typeofsprinklersattheceiling

Example1
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks

Storageupto25ft(16.2.4.4)
IfspraysprinklersorCMSA
sprinklersattheceiling

PlanView

15psiminimum

21.7gpmat15psi

21.7gpmfork5.6sprinkler
31.0gpmfork8.0sprinkler
43.4gpmfork11.2sprinkler
Whichwouldyouchoose?

ElevationView
DoubleRowRacks

Calculate10sprinklers:5onthetoptwolevels

11/19/2012

ClassIIVCommodity
Storageover25ft(16.3.4.3.1)
IfspraysprinklersorCMSA
sprinklersattheceiling

ClassIIVCommodity
Anystorageheight(16.3.3.5)
IfESFRsprinklersattheceiling
50psi,mustusek8.0sprinklers

Minimum30gpm

28.7psifork5.6sprinkler
14.1psifork8.0sprinkler
7.2psifork11.2sprinkler

56.6gpmat50psi
56 6
t 50 i

Whichsprinklerwouldyou
choose?

GroupAPlastics
SpraySprinklersatCeiling

GroupAPlastics
ESFRSprinklersatCeiling

Forstorageupto25ft,depends
ontheinrackconfiguration
selectedfromtheFigures:

Mustusek8.0
60gpm(17.3.3.4.1)
56.3psi

Figure17.2.1.2.1(b)&(f):15psi
Figure17.2.1.2.1(c),(d)and(e):
Figure 17 2 1 2 1(c) (d) and (e):
15psiwhensprinklersareatevery
otherflueintersection
15psifork8and30psifork5.6
whensprinklersareateveryflue

Forstorageover25ft:
30gpmregardlessofsituation

HydraulicCalculation
ofInRackSprinklers

RubberTireStorage
18.5.4
30psi
30.7gpmfork5.6sprinkler
43.8gpmfork8.0sprinkler
43 8
f k80
i kl
61.3gpmfork11.2sprinkler

Assumptions/discussion
Howmanysprinklers?
Wherearethey?
Minimum flow and pressure?
Minimumflowandpressure?
Calculationtechnique
Balancetoceilingsprinklers?
Makingthedesignmost
efficient

11/19/2012

Example1
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks

CalculationTechnique
Justlikewithceilingsprinklers
Startatmostremotesprinkler
withflowandpressure
Workbackwardstothewater
supply adding pressure
supplyaddingpressure
increasesduetofrictionloss
Addflowsfromotheropen
sprinklersencounteredonthe
way
Adjustforelevationchanges

PlanView
21.7gpmat15psi

B
A

ElevationView
DoubleRowRacks

InRackCalculation

54321
109876

Calculate10sprinklers:5onthetoptwolevels

InRackDemand
AtPointC
235gpmat71psi

1.2 15.4 22.0

CeilingSprinklerDemand

CeilingSprinklerDemand

Assumptions

Aftercalculation,ceilingsprinkler
demandatPointCis:

ClassIIICommodity Encapsulated
4ftaisles
HighTemperaturek8.0sprinklers

665gpmat84psi

NFPA13requirements
NFPA 13 requirements
Figure16.2.1.3.2(f);CurveC
0.345gpmpersqftover2000sqft
Reduceby20%duetoextralevelof
inracksprinklers(see16.2.1.3.4.4)
Finaldensity/area:0.276gpm/sqft
over2000sqft

11/19/2012

PutDemandsTogether

BalancingtheFlows
BasicProcedure

Ceiling
665gpmat84psi

InRack
235gpmat71psi

Cantaddflowsunlessthe
pressureisthesame
Adjustingthelowerpressure
situationtothehigherpressureis
calledBalancingtheFlows

1. Calculatethetwodemands
separatelyfromthemost
remotepointtothenode
wheretheyconnect
2. Getthekfactorforthelower
Q
pressuresituation:

Example1

NodeC

1. Calculatethetwodemands
separately
a. InRacks:235gpmat71psi
b. Ceiling:665gpmat84psi

2. GettheKfactorforthelower
pressuresituation
Whichisthelowerpressure
situation?

Example1
1. Calculatethetwodemands
separately
a. InRacks:235gpmat71psi
b. Ceiling:665gpmat84psi

2. GettheKfactorforthelower
pressuresituation

3. Applythekfactortothe
higherpressuretogetthenew
flow: Q K P
4. Addthetwoflowstogether

ToCeilingSprinklers
ToInRackSprinklers
Ceiling:
Ceiling:
665gpm
at84psi

InRacks:235gpmat71psi

Example1
3. ApplytheKfactortothe
higherpressure

Q K P 27.89 84
Q 256

InRacksarethelowersituationin
thiscase

Q
235

27.89
P
71

11/19/2012

Example1
4. Addtheflowstogether
InRacks:256gpmat84psi
Ceiling:665gpmat84psi
Total:921gpmat84psi

AddingFlowsFromInRack
SprinklerstoCeilingSprinklers
Alwaysdoitunlessthestandard
specificallysaysnotto
Happensforsomeflammableand
combustibleliquids(NFPA30)and
aerosol(NFPA30B)arrangements
Manyinracksprinklers
Manybarriersintheracks
Ceilingsprinklersdontbecome
involvedinfightingthefireunlessthe
verytopoftherackisburning

HydraulicCalculation
ofInRackSprinklers

Assumptions/discussion
Howmanysprinklers?
Wherearethey?
Minimum flow and pressure?
Minimumflowandpressure?
Calculationtechnique
Balancetoceilingsprinklers?
Makingthedesignmost
efficient

MakingtheDesign
MostEfficient
Systemswithinrackand
ceilingsprinklersaremost
efficientwhentheinrack
demandmatchestheceiling
p
p
sprinklerdemandatthepoint
ofconnection
Issuesthateffectefficiency
Sprinklerselected
Pipingsizes
Distancespipeneedstoberun

CanwemakeExample1
moreefficient?

CanweMakeExample1
MoreEfficient?

IndividualDemands

IndividualDemands

InRacks:235gpmat71psi
Ceiling:665gpmat84psi

InRacks:235gpmat71psi
Ceiling:665gpmat84psi
Couldincreasepipesizeinthe
ceilingsprinklersystemtoget
thedemanddownto71psi
Coulddecreasethepipesizein
theinracksystemtogetthe
demandupto84psi

11/19/2012

InRackSprinklerSystem
10ftof2inchpipe
196ftof2-inchpipeandfittings
More2
2inch
inchandless2
and less 2-inch
inchwill
will
More
makethesystemmoreefficient
Buthowmuchmore?

FrictionLoss
Flowtoinracksprinklers:
235gpm
FrictionLossin2inch:
0.456psi/ft
FrictionLossin2-inch:
Friction Loss in 2 inch:
0.192psi/ft
0.264psi/ftdifference

Needtomakeupa
differenceof13psi
(84 71=13)

FrictionLoss
13
49
0.264
Replace
Replace49ftof2
49 ft of 2inch
inch
pipewith2inchpipeand
thepressuredemandfor
bothwillbe84psi

FlowComparison
Totaldemandwith10ftof
2inch:921gpmat84psi
Totaldemandwith59ftof
2inch:665+235=900gpm
at84psi
Saved21gpmbychanging49
ftof2inchpipeto2inch

HydraulicCalculation
ofInRackSprinklers

Assumptions/discussion
Howmanysprinklers?
Wherearethey?
Minimum flow and pressure?
Minimumflowandpressure?
Calculationtechnique
Balancetoceilingsprinklers?
Makingthedesignmost
efficient

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