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AIACESProgram#:NFSATV1512
Provider#:G131
1.5LU/HSW
HydraulicCalculationof
InRackSprinklers
NationalFireSprinklerAssociationisaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmerican
InstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducationSystems(AIA/CES).Credit(s)
p
p g
p
/
forAIA
earnedoncompletionofthisprogramwillbereportedtoAIA/CES
members.CertificatesofCompletionforbothAIAmembersandnonAIA
membersareavailableuponrequest.
KennethE.Isman,P.E.F.S.F.P.E.
Kenneth
E Isman P E F S F P E
VicePresidentofEngineering
ThisprogramisregisteredwithAIA/CES forcontinuingprofessionaleducation.
Assuch,itdoesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedto
beanapprovalorendorsementbytheAIAofanymaterialofconstruction
oranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing,ordealinginany
materialorproduct.
Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,andserviceswillbe
addressedattheconclusionofthispresentation
2
CopyrightMaterials
ProgramDescription
Thehydrauliccalculationproceduresforinrack
sprinklersareverydifferentfromtheprocedures
forceilingsprinklers.Determinationofthe
numberofsprinklersthatmightopenifthereisa
fireaswellasthelocationofthemostdemanding
sprinklerscanbeachallenge.Next,theuser
p
g
needstobedetermineiftheinracksprinkler
demandneedstobeaddedto(andbalanced
with)theceilingsprinklerdemand.Procedures
willbeprovidedforallofthesestepsinthe
calculationprocessaswellasadiscussionof
decisionsthatcanbemade(sprinklerselection,
pipesizingandpipelocation)tomakethesystem
asefficientaspossible.
ThispresentationisprotectedbyUSand
InternationalCopyrightlaws.Reproduction,
distribution,displayanduseofthe
presentation without written permission of
presentationwithoutwrittenpermissionof
TheNationalFireSprinklerAssociationis
prohibited.
NationalFireSprinklerAssociation2012
3
HydraulicCalculation
ofInRackSprinklers
LearningObjectives
Attheendofthisprogram,participantswillbeableto:
1. Calculatethecorrectnumberofinracksprinklers
fordifferentcommoditiesbeingprotected.
2 Selectthecorrectlocationoftheinracksprinklers
2.
S l t th
t l ti
f th i
k i kl
tobecalculated.
3. Correctlyapplytherulesregardingthebalancingof
inracksprinklerdemandswithceilingsprinkler
demands.
4. Calculatethesizethepipefeedingtheinrack
systemtobemostefficient.
Assumptions/discussion
Howmanysprinklers?
Wherearethey?
Minimum flow and pressure?
Minimumflowandpressure?
Calculationtechnique
Balancetoceilingsprinklers?
Makingthedesignmost
efficient
11/19/2012
Assumptions
Youvealreadydecidedtouse
inracksprinklerstoprotectthe
commodity
Youvealreadydecidedhow
manylevelsofinrack
sprinklerstoinstall
Youvealreadydecidedwhere
thepipingisgoingtogo
HydraulicCalculations
Performedtotellyou
Whatpipesizewillbebest?
Willthewatersupplyprovidethe
flowandpressurenecessaryto
control/suppress a fire?
control/suppressafire?
Assumptions
Wereusingthesectionnumbers
fromthe2010editionofNFPA
13inthisprogram
Previouseditionshavesimilar
rules just the section numbers
rules,justthesectionnumbers
havechanged
Forthe2013edition(which
mostpeoplehavenotseenyet)
therulesaresimilar,buthave
beenclarifiedwheresomeholes
existed
Howmanysprinklerswillbeopen?
NFPA13
ClassIIVCommodity
GroupAPlastics
Rubbertires
NFPA30 Flammableand
l
bl
d
CombustibleLiquids
NFPA30B Aerosols
Willdependon:
Numberoflevelsofinracks
Typeofsprinklersattheceiling
NFPA13 2010
ClassIIVCommodity(Chapter16)
Storage25ftandless(16.2)
Storageover25ft(16.3)
GroupAPlastics(Chapter17)
Storage25ftandless(17.2)
Storageover25ft(17.3)
RubberTires(18.5)
ClassIIVCommodity
Storageupto25ft(16.2.4.3.1)
IfspraysprinklersorCMSA
sprinklersattheceiling
1levelprotectingClassI,IIorIII:6
sprinklers
1levelprotectingClassIV:8sprinklers
2ormorelevelsprotectingClassI,II
orIII:10sprinklers(5onthetoptwo
levels)
2ormorelevelsprotectingClassIV:
14sprinklers(7onthetoptwolevels)
11/19/2012
Example1
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks
Example1
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks
PlanView
PlanView
ElevationView
DoubleRowRacks
ElevationView
DoubleRowRacks
Example1
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks
ClassIIVCommodity
Storageover25ft(16.3.4.3)
IfspraysprinklersorCMSA
sprinklersattheceiling
PlanView
1levelprotectingClassI,IIorIII:6
sprinklers
1levelprotectingClassIV:8sprinklers
2ormorelevelsprotectingClassI,IIor
III:10sprinklers(5onthetoptwo
levels)
2ormorelevelsprotectingClassIV:14
sprinklers(7onthetoptwolevels)
ElevationView
DoubleRowRacks
Calculate10sprinklers:5onthetoptwolevels
ClassIIVCommodity
Anystorageheight(16.3.3.5)
IfESFRsprinklersattheceiling
Calculate8sprinklersononelevel
GroupAPlastics
Storageofanyheight(17.2.4.3
forupto25ft;17.3.4.3for
over25ft)
IfspraysprinklersorCMSA
sprinklers at the ceiling
sprinklersattheceiling
1level:8sprinklers
2ormorelevels:14sprinklers(7onthe
toptwolevels)
IfESFRsprinklersattheceiling:
calculate8sprinklers(onone
level)
11/19/2012
RubberTireStorage
18.5.3and18.5.1
If1levelofinracksprinklers,
calculate12sprinklers
Ifmorethan1level,calculate
like plastics (Chapter 17)
likeplastics(Chapter17)
14sprinklers(7onthetoptwo
levels)
Whatifyoudonthaveenough
inracksprinklersonalevel?
Calculateallofthesprinklers
withinarack,including
sprinklersonotherlevels,but
youarenotrequiredtojump
theaisle
SeeExample2
SameasExample1
Supposedtocalculate10
sprinklers,5oneachlevel
Only7sprinklersineachrack
Example2
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks
MinimumFlowandPressure?
NFPA13
Calculate7
Sprinklers
Aisle
ElevationViewDoubleRowRacks
ClassIIVCommodity
ClassIIVCommodity
GroupAPlastics
Rubbertires
NFPA30 Flammableand
l
bl
d
CombustibleLiquids
NFPA30B Aerosols
Willdependon:
Typeofsprinklersattheceiling
Example1
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks
Storageupto25ft(16.2.4.4)
IfspraysprinklersorCMSA
sprinklersattheceiling
PlanView
15psiminimum
21.7gpmat15psi
21.7gpmfork5.6sprinkler
31.0gpmfork8.0sprinkler
43.4gpmfork11.2sprinkler
Whichwouldyouchoose?
ElevationView
DoubleRowRacks
Calculate10sprinklers:5onthetoptwolevels
11/19/2012
ClassIIVCommodity
Storageover25ft(16.3.4.3.1)
IfspraysprinklersorCMSA
sprinklersattheceiling
ClassIIVCommodity
Anystorageheight(16.3.3.5)
IfESFRsprinklersattheceiling
50psi,mustusek8.0sprinklers
Minimum30gpm
28.7psifork5.6sprinkler
14.1psifork8.0sprinkler
7.2psifork11.2sprinkler
56.6gpmat50psi
56 6
t 50 i
Whichsprinklerwouldyou
choose?
GroupAPlastics
SpraySprinklersatCeiling
GroupAPlastics
ESFRSprinklersatCeiling
Forstorageupto25ft,depends
ontheinrackconfiguration
selectedfromtheFigures:
Mustusek8.0
60gpm(17.3.3.4.1)
56.3psi
Figure17.2.1.2.1(b)&(f):15psi
Figure17.2.1.2.1(c),(d)and(e):
Figure 17 2 1 2 1(c) (d) and (e):
15psiwhensprinklersareatevery
otherflueintersection
15psifork8and30psifork5.6
whensprinklersareateveryflue
Forstorageover25ft:
30gpmregardlessofsituation
HydraulicCalculation
ofInRackSprinklers
RubberTireStorage
18.5.4
30psi
30.7gpmfork5.6sprinkler
43.8gpmfork8.0sprinkler
43 8
f k80
i kl
61.3gpmfork11.2sprinkler
Assumptions/discussion
Howmanysprinklers?
Wherearethey?
Minimum flow and pressure?
Minimumflowandpressure?
Calculationtechnique
Balancetoceilingsprinklers?
Makingthedesignmost
efficient
11/19/2012
Example1
ClassIII,2LevelsofInRacks
CalculationTechnique
Justlikewithceilingsprinklers
Startatmostremotesprinkler
withflowandpressure
Workbackwardstothewater
supply adding pressure
supplyaddingpressure
increasesduetofrictionloss
Addflowsfromotheropen
sprinklersencounteredonthe
way
Adjustforelevationchanges
PlanView
21.7gpmat15psi
B
A
ElevationView
DoubleRowRacks
InRackCalculation
54321
109876
Calculate10sprinklers:5onthetoptwolevels
InRackDemand
AtPointC
235gpmat71psi
CeilingSprinklerDemand
CeilingSprinklerDemand
Assumptions
Aftercalculation,ceilingsprinkler
demandatPointCis:
ClassIIICommodity Encapsulated
4ftaisles
HighTemperaturek8.0sprinklers
665gpmat84psi
NFPA13requirements
NFPA 13 requirements
Figure16.2.1.3.2(f);CurveC
0.345gpmpersqftover2000sqft
Reduceby20%duetoextralevelof
inracksprinklers(see16.2.1.3.4.4)
Finaldensity/area:0.276gpm/sqft
over2000sqft
11/19/2012
PutDemandsTogether
BalancingtheFlows
BasicProcedure
Ceiling
665gpmat84psi
InRack
235gpmat71psi
Cantaddflowsunlessthe
pressureisthesame
Adjustingthelowerpressure
situationtothehigherpressureis
calledBalancingtheFlows
1. Calculatethetwodemands
separatelyfromthemost
remotepointtothenode
wheretheyconnect
2. Getthekfactorforthelower
Q
pressuresituation:
Example1
NodeC
1. Calculatethetwodemands
separately
a. InRacks:235gpmat71psi
b. Ceiling:665gpmat84psi
2. GettheKfactorforthelower
pressuresituation
Whichisthelowerpressure
situation?
Example1
1. Calculatethetwodemands
separately
a. InRacks:235gpmat71psi
b. Ceiling:665gpmat84psi
2. GettheKfactorforthelower
pressuresituation
3. Applythekfactortothe
higherpressuretogetthenew
flow: Q K P
4. Addthetwoflowstogether
ToCeilingSprinklers
ToInRackSprinklers
Ceiling:
Ceiling:
665gpm
at84psi
InRacks:235gpmat71psi
Example1
3. ApplytheKfactortothe
higherpressure
Q K P 27.89 84
Q 256
InRacksarethelowersituationin
thiscase
Q
235
27.89
P
71
11/19/2012
Example1
4. Addtheflowstogether
InRacks:256gpmat84psi
Ceiling:665gpmat84psi
Total:921gpmat84psi
AddingFlowsFromInRack
SprinklerstoCeilingSprinklers
Alwaysdoitunlessthestandard
specificallysaysnotto
Happensforsomeflammableand
combustibleliquids(NFPA30)and
aerosol(NFPA30B)arrangements
Manyinracksprinklers
Manybarriersintheracks
Ceilingsprinklersdontbecome
involvedinfightingthefireunlessthe
verytopoftherackisburning
HydraulicCalculation
ofInRackSprinklers
Assumptions/discussion
Howmanysprinklers?
Wherearethey?
Minimum flow and pressure?
Minimumflowandpressure?
Calculationtechnique
Balancetoceilingsprinklers?
Makingthedesignmost
efficient
MakingtheDesign
MostEfficient
Systemswithinrackand
ceilingsprinklersaremost
efficientwhentheinrack
demandmatchestheceiling
p
p
sprinklerdemandatthepoint
ofconnection
Issuesthateffectefficiency
Sprinklerselected
Pipingsizes
Distancespipeneedstoberun
CanwemakeExample1
moreefficient?
CanweMakeExample1
MoreEfficient?
IndividualDemands
IndividualDemands
InRacks:235gpmat71psi
Ceiling:665gpmat84psi
InRacks:235gpmat71psi
Ceiling:665gpmat84psi
Couldincreasepipesizeinthe
ceilingsprinklersystemtoget
thedemanddownto71psi
Coulddecreasethepipesizein
theinracksystemtogetthe
demandupto84psi
11/19/2012
InRackSprinklerSystem
10ftof2inchpipe
196ftof2-inchpipeandfittings
More2
2inch
inchandless2
and less 2-inch
inchwill
will
More
makethesystemmoreefficient
Buthowmuchmore?
FrictionLoss
Flowtoinracksprinklers:
235gpm
FrictionLossin2inch:
0.456psi/ft
FrictionLossin2-inch:
Friction Loss in 2 inch:
0.192psi/ft
0.264psi/ftdifference
Needtomakeupa
differenceof13psi
(84 71=13)
FrictionLoss
13
49
0.264
Replace
Replace49ftof2
49 ft of 2inch
inch
pipewith2inchpipeand
thepressuredemandfor
bothwillbe84psi
FlowComparison
Totaldemandwith10ftof
2inch:921gpmat84psi
Totaldemandwith59ftof
2inch:665+235=900gpm
at84psi
Saved21gpmbychanging49
ftof2inchpipeto2inch
HydraulicCalculation
ofInRackSprinklers
Assumptions/discussion
Howmanysprinklers?
Wherearethey?
Minimum flow and pressure?
Minimumflowandpressure?
Calculationtechnique
Balancetoceilingsprinklers?
Makingthedesignmost
efficient