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Chapter 9
Exercises
(c)
Sn2+(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq) Sn4+(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq)
+2+3+4+2
1 (a) NH4+ = N 3, H +1
(b)
CuCl2 = Cu +2, Cl 1
(d)
SO2 = S +4, O 2
(e)
Fe2O3 = Fe +3, O 2
(d)
Cl2(aq) + 2Br(aq) 2Cl(aq) + Br2(aq)
0110
(c)
H2O = H +1, O 2
(f)
NO3 = N +5, O 2
(h)
PO43 = P +5, O 2
(i)
K2Cr2O7 = K +1, Cr +7, O 2
(g)
MnO2 = Mn +4, O 2
(j)
MnO4 = Mn +7, O 2
2 (a)
reduction
Sn21(aq) 1 2Fe31(aq) Sn41(aq) 1 2Fe21(aq)
12
13
14
12
(b)
oxidation
reduction
Cl2(aq) 1 2NaBr(aq) Br2(aq) 1 2NaCl(aq)
0
1121 0 1121
oxidation
reduction
(c)
1221 0 1321
2H2O(l) 1 2F2(aq) 4HF(aq) 1 O2(g)
1122 0
1121 0
oxidation
(e)
(e)
2MnO4(aq) + 5H2SO3(aq) 2Mn2+(aq) +
3H2O(l) + 5SO42(aq) + 4H+(aq)
6 D
(c)
nitric(V) acid (d)
nitric(III) acid
reduction
(d)
(d)
I2(aq) + 5OCl(aq) + H2O(l) 2IO3(aq) +
5Cl(aq) + 2H+(aq)
oxidation
(c)
NO3(aq) + 4Zn(s) + 10H+(aq) NH4+(aq) +
4Zn2+(aq) + 3H2O(l)
5 B
2FeCl2(aq) 1 Cl2(aq) 2FeCl3(aq)
(b)
2I(aq) + HSO4(aq) + 3H+(aq) I2(aq) +
SO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
(e)
lead(IV) oxide
8 (a) reducing agent = H2(g); oxidizing agent = Cl2(g)
(b)
reducing agent = Al(s); oxidizing agent =
Pb2+(s)
reduction
2+
(b)
2Fe2+(aq) + Cl2(aq) 2Fe3+(aq) + 2Cl(aq)
+20+31
(c)
reducing agent = I(aq); oxidizing agent =
Cl2(aq)
(d)
reducing agent = CH4(g); oxidizing agent =
O2(g)
9 (a)
CuCl2(aq) + Ag(s)
(b)
3Fe(NO3)2(aq) + 2Al(s) 2Al(NO3)3(aq) +
3Fe(s)
(c)
2NaI(aq) + Br2(aq) 2NaBr(aq) + I2(aq)
(d)
KCl(aq) + I2(aq)
10 (a)
W>X>Y>Z
(ii)
no reaction
11 (a)
Solution changes from purple to colourless
(b)
C2O4 (aq) 2CO2(g) + 2e
(c)
MnO (aq) + 8H (aq) + 5e Mn (aq) + 4H2O(l)
+
2+
(d)
2MnO4(aq) + 16H+(aq) + 5C2O42(aq)
2Mn2+(aq) + 8H2O(l) + 10CO2(g)
Cell reaction:
(e)
6.16 103 (f)
6.16 103
19 (a)
No reaction
(g)
24.7%
(b)
Reaction occurs
12 (a)
0.117%
(b)
Solution changes from orange to green
13 (a)
Zn / Zn
Fe / Fe
anode cathode
2+
2+
E cell = E BrO3 E Cd2+ = +1.44 (0.40) = 1.84 V
(c)
No reaction
20 270 kJ
Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e
Fe2+(aq) + 2e Fe(s)
21 (a)
At anode: 2Br(l) Br2(l) + 2e
(b)
Fe / Fe2+
Mg / Mg2+
cathode anode
(b)
At anode: 2F(l) F2(g) + 2e
Fe2+(aq) + 2e Fe(s)
Mg(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2e
(c)
At anode: S2(l) S(l) + 2e
(c)
Mg / Mg2+
Cu / Cu2+
anode cathode
anions
magnesium
electrode
e flow
zinc
electrode
Cathode
(b)
Mg(s)|Mg2+(aq)||Zn2+(aq)|Zn(s)
Cl
solution of
zinc nitrate
Anode
e
cathode
reduction
inert electrodes
reduction
Zn2 (aq) 2e Zn(s)
salt bridge
cations
solution of
magnesium
nitrate
anode +
oxidation
Cu2+(aq) + 2e Cu(s)
oxidation
Mg(s) Mg2 (aq) 2e
22 (a)
Mg(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2e
14 (a)
Mg2+
MgCl2(l)
(b)
Anode: 2Cl(aq) Cl2(g) + 2e
23 D
3 moles 1 mole
of electrons of Al
25 (a)
At the anode, bubbles of gas emitted; at the
cathode, pinky brown layer of copper metal
deposited. The blue colour of the solution
fades.
Practice questions
or
2H2O(l) 4H+(aq) + O2(g) + 4e
2 B
3 D
4 C
5 C
6 C
7 A
8 A
9 B
10 A
11 C
(b)
Reaction at the cathode would be the
same with copper deposited on the copper
electrode.
Cu(s) Cu2+(aq) + 2e
28 C
(ii)
0.28 V
[1]
(iii)
Co2+ / cobalt(II) ion
[1]
(iv)
2Al + 3Fe2+ 3Fe + 2Al3+
[2]
(v)
To complete the electrical circuit / OWTTE;
[2]
(ii)
+3[1]
(iii)
+2[1]
(c) (i)
electron
flow
(ii)
()/(cathode) Na+ + e Na
[3]
(ii)
Na+, H+/H3O+, Cl, OH
[2 max]
(iii)
hydrogen at ()/cathode and oxygen at
(+)/anode
2H+ + 2e H2 / 2H2O + 2e H2 +
2OH
4OH O2 + 2H2O + 4e / 2H2O
O2+ 4H+ + 4e
[3]
(iv)
ratio of H2:O2 is 2:1
[1]
[2]
[2]
13 (a)
Electrolytic cell converts electrical energy to
chemical energy and voltaic cell converts
chemical energy to electrical energy /
electrolytic cell uses electricity to carry out
a (redox) chemical reaction and voltaic cell
uses a (redox) chemical reaction to produce
electricity / electrolytic cell requires a power
supply and voltaic cell does not.
NaCl (aq)
(b)
(solid) ions in a lattice / ions cannot move
[2]
(c)
Reduction occurs at the cathode / negative
electrode and oxidation occurs at the
anode/ positive electrode
Challenge yourself
1 H2O2:H = +1, O = 1
(d)
Al does not corrode / rust; Al is less dense /
better conductor / more malleable
[1]
(e)
Cathode / negative electrode
Object to be plated
Silver / Ag
Electrolyte: [Ag(CN)2]
[3]
14 (a)
2Al(s) + 3Ni2+(aq) 2Al3+(aq) + 3Ni(s)
[2]
(b)
(+) 1.40 (V)
[1]
(c)
aluminium anode / negative electrode
voltmeter
e
V
anions
Ni cathode