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sf] ;+ufnf]
cfiff9, @)&)
g]kfn ;/sf/
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno
of]hgf dxfzfvf
s[lif gLlt zfvf
l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .
g]kfn ;/sf/
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno
of]hgf dxfzfvf
s[lif gLlt zfvf
l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .
k|sfzs
g]kfn ;/sf/
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno
of]hgf dxfzfvf
s[lif gLlt zfvf
l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn
kmf]g g+= M $@!!^^%
km\ofS; g+= M $@!!(#%
j]e;fO6 M www.moad.gov.np
k|yd ;+:s/0f M cfiff9, @)&)
k|lt M =========== k|lt
sDKo"6/ M cfgGb kf}8]n, (*%!))^@)!
d'b|0f M g]zgn dfg;/f]j/ lk|lG6 k|]; k|f=ln=
gof afg]Zj/, sf7df8f}+, $$^)$&&
dGtJo
/fi6sf] s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgdf ;a}eGbf a9L of]ubfg ug]{ s[lif If]qsf]
g]kfnsf] cy{tGqdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xL cfPsf] 5 . d'n'ssf] clwsf+z
hgtfsf] /f]huf/L, cfocfh{g / hLljsf]kfh{gsf] nflu s[lif If]qsf] pNn]vgLo
of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . t;y{, /fi6sf] ;jf{l0f lasf;sf] nflu ;j{k|yd s[lif
If]qsf] ljsf; ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5 .
ljZjJofkLs/0fn] ubf{ ;Dk"0f{ cfly{s If]qdf g} cfd"n kl/jt{g cfPsf]
o; ztfAbLdf s[lif If]qnfO{ klg o:tf] kl/jt{gn] pNn]vgLo ?kdf k|efj
kf/]sf] 5 . afnLgfnL / kz'kI+ fLsf] lsl;d / v]tLkftL tyf kz'kI+ fL kfng
ug]{ tf}/tl/sf b]lv lnP/ dflg;sf] :jfb, rfxgf / cfsf+Iffdf ;d]t 7"nf]
kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . clxn] o:tf kl/jt{g xfd|f ;fd' 7"nf] r'gf}tL /
cj;/sf] ?kdf v8f ePsf 5g\ .
k|ljlw / ;+rf/ If]qdf ePsf] cfZro{nfUbf] ljsf;n] ;fgf] agfPsf] ljZj
e"e08ndf xfd|f s[lif sd{ kf/bzL{ / ltgsf pTkfbg :j:y / u'0f:t/Lo
x'g' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 . o;sf nflu s[lif If]qdf k|efjsf/L of]hgf /
sfo{qmdx? to ug{ dfu{bz{s gLltx? to ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . o;} ;Gbe{df
g]kfn ;/sf/n] s[lif If]q;+u ;DalGwt laleGg gLltx? kf/Lt u/L
sfof{Gjog u/L /x]sf] klg 5 . oL gLltx? 5l/P/ /x]sf] cj:yfdf 5g\ .
s[lif ljsf; dGqfnon] s[lif If]q;Fu ;DalGwt log} d'Vo gLltx? ;+nUg
u/L of] ;+ufnf] k|sfzg ;a}sf ;fd' Nofpg] hdsf]{ u/]sf] 5 . ;+uffnf]
k|sfzgaf6 o:tf b:tfj]hx?sf] vf]hLdf ef}tfl/g kg]{ sl7gfO{ s]xL xb;Dd
sd x'g5
] . o;sf] cltl/Qm of] ;+ufnf] ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}sf nflu ljz]iftM
s[lif ljsf;sf of]hgf / sfo{qmdx?sf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu
pkof]uL x'g]5 eGg] d}n] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . o;af6 ;/f]sf/jfnf /
ljz]if1x?sf] s8f kl/>daf6 tof/ kfl/Psf gLltx?sf] ;fy{stf /
lhjGttf phfu/ x'g] s'/fdf d ljZj:t 5' . cGttM, ;+ufnf] k|sfzgsf]
nflu k|ToIf?kdf ;+nUg /x]sf] o; dGqfnosf] of]hgf dxfzfvf, s[lif
gLlt zfvf / cGo ;xof]uL lgsfox? ;a}nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .
c;f/, @)&)
l;+xb/jf/, sf7df8f}+
ho d's'Gb vgfn
;lrj
s[lif ljsf; dGqfno
e"ldsf
c;f/, @)&)
l;+xb/jf/, sf7df8f}+
ljifo ;"rL
qm=;+=
ljifo
!
/fli6o s[lif gLlt, @)^!
k]h g+=
!
!@
@!
#)
$)
$%
&
%#
^)
^^
!)
*^
!!
(%
!@
!!#
!#
!@@
!$
!%%
!%
!*@
!^
@@%
!&
@$%
!*
#)$
!(
###
@)
#$#
!=
gLltx
k|:t't p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu >f]t ;fwgdf kxF'r ePsf / ;fwg /
cj;/df t'ngfTds ?kdf Go"g kxF'r ePsf b'j} ;d"xsf s[ifsxsf]
cfjZostfnfO{ ;d] 6 \ g ] u/L lgDg gLltx cjnDag ul/g] 5g\ .
s_ s[lif pTkfbg Pj+ pTkfbsTj clej[l4
!=
PseGbf a9L lhNnf ;d]6/] ;DefJo s[lif pTkfbg Pj+ s[lif Jofj;fo
k|j4{g u/L Jofj;foLs/0fsf cfwf/ v8f ug]{ t'ngfTds ?kdf
7"nf cfof]hgfx :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;xeflutfdf s]lGb|o cfof]hgfsf
?kdf ;+rfng u/L 6]jf k'ofOg] 5 . o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu
s]Gb|df /x]sf ljefu Pj+ lgb]{zgfnoxnfO{ lhDd]jf/ / ;Ifd
agfOg] 5 .
&= vfB kf]if0f nufotsf s[lif k|ljlwsf] :ynut k|;f/ ;]jfdf s[ifs
;d"xsf] dfWod ckgfOg]5 . s[lifjg sn]hxaf6 klg cfkm\gf]
k|efj If]qdf ;dGjofTds ?kdf s[lif k|ljlw k|;f/ Kofs]hx
;+rfng ul/g]5 . ;fy} s[lif k|;f/df ;"rgf k|ljlw tyf cfd
;+rf/ dfWodsf] klg pkof]u ul/g]5 .
*= ljsf; If]q / ef}uf]lns pkIf]qxsf] cfwf/df :yfgLo aLp, a]gf{,
la?jf, gZnxsf] pTkfbg ug]{xsf] nflu u'0f:t/Lo ;|f]t
;fdfu|Lxsf] s]Gb| / s[lifj:t' ;+sng, k|zf]wg, ;+ro / 9'jfgL
cflb sfo{ ug]{ pBdL tyf Joj;foLxsf] nflu ljz]if k|ljlw ;]jfsf]
;|f]t s]Gb|sf ?kdf /fli6o s[lif ;|f]t s]Gb|xsf] ljsf; u/L ;'b[9
ul/g]5g\ . o:tf ;|ft] s]Gb|xnfO{ df6f] ljZn]if0f, aLp k|df0fLs/0f,
afnL ;+/If0f tyf kz'/f]u lgbfg nufotsf If]qdf ;e]{ ;le{n]G;
;]jf ;+rfng, k|of]uzfnf ;]jf ;+rfng Pj+ pBdL, Joj;foL,
;xsf/LsdL{ Pj+ s[lif sfo{stf{xsf] Ifdtf ljsf; tfnLd ;d]t
lbg ;Sg] PsLs[ t s] G b| s f] ?kdf ljsf; ub} { nlug] 5 .
(= ef}uf]lns ;DefJotf / t'ngfTds tyf :yfg ljz]ifsf] ljlzi6
nfe ;d]tsf b[li6af6 cfjZos kg]{ s[lif cg';Gwfg sfo{x
-vfB tyf kf]if0f k|ljlw nufotsf s[lif pTkfbg, ;+sng, u|]l8,
e08f/0f, k|zf]wg, Kofls\ cflb_ sf nflu lghL If]q / u}/ ;/sf/L
If]q ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfTds tyf k|lt:kwf{Tds s[lif cg';Gwfg
tyf ljsf; k|0ffnLsf] k|j4{g ul/g]5 . o:tf] k|0ffnL ;'xfpFbf] nufgL
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
&
gf]6M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @% adf]lhd >L % sf]
;/sf/ eGg] zAbxsf] ;f g]kfn ;/sf/ eGg] zAbx /fvL kfGt/0f
ul/Psf] .
b|i6AoM s[lif zAbn] afnL, jfujfgL, kz' kG5L, df5f cflb s[lifsf ;a} pkIf]q;Fu
;Da4 pTkfbg, pBf] u Pj+ Joj;fox? ;d] t hgfpF 5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
!!
@=@
@=#
#= gLlt
!@
#=!
#=@
-v_ k|fu+ fl/s ljifflb/lxt pTkfbg If]q] (Organic /Pesticidefree Production Area) /
-u_ lgof{td"ns jfnLj:t' pTkfbg If]q (Agri Product Export
Area)
#=#
#=$
#=%= l;+rfO{, s[lif ;8s, ;+sng s]Gb|, zLt e08f/ -sf]N8 / k|mf]h]g
:6f]/]h / s'ln RofDj/_, u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f, pko'Qm s[lif
k|ljlwsf] ljsf;, k/LIf0f ;]jf h:tf Joj;fo k|j4{gsf k"jf{wf/x?
;/sf/L, lghL, ;xsf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L tyf gful/s ;dfh ;d]tsf]
;xsfo{df lj:tf/ ul/g] 5 .
#=^=
#=&
!#
#=*
#=(
#=!*= s[lif pBf]u Joj;fo k|j4{gsf] nflu pTkfbg ynf] glhs ;+sng
s]Gb| / zx/L If]qdf ;+ul7t yf]s tyf v'b|f ahf/ ;'lglZrt ug{
lghL tyf ;xsf/L If]q ;d]tsf] cfly{s tyf Joj:yfksLo ;xsfo{df
s[ l if ahf/xsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ tyf Jojl:yt ul/g] 5 .
#=!( s[lif jhf/ tyf Jofj;flos ;]jf s]Gb|x?df ;dofg'sn
' ljB'tLo
Jofkf/s] f (E-commerce) klg ljsf; ul/g] 5 .
#=@) lghL Pj+ ;xsf/L If]q tyf :yfgLo lgsfoxsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf
s[lif ahf/ tyf s[lif Joj;fo;+u ;DalGwt ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|jfx ul/g]5 .
#=@! s[lif j:t'x?sf] jhf/df k|lt:kwf{Tds jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf u/L
jhf/ k|lqmofjf6} d"No lgw{f/0f x'g] k|0ffnLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]
5 . o; s|ddf ;+ul7t s[lif yf]s ahf/ :ynx?df ;+efJotfsf
cfwf/df cS;g -Auction_ nufot pko'Qm d"No lgwf{/0f ljlw
nfu" ul/g]5 .
#=@@ s[lif jhf/x?df :yfgLo lgsfon] Jofj;foLx?af6 p7fpg] u/]sf]
z'Ns:yfgLo s/ dWo]af6 slDtdf @) k|ltzt /sd ;f]xL
jhf/sf] lgdf{0f, ;'wf/ tyf k|a4{g sfo{df vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfOg]5 .
#=@# Joj;foLx?n] s[lif pkhx?sf] 9'jfgLsf] ;fwg vl/b ug{ rfx]df
Jofhb/df ;x'lnotsf] Joj:yf ul/g]] 5 .
#=@$ Joj;flos pTkfbg ks]6;+Fu cfjl4t x'g] u/L ;xsf/L ;+:yf,
s[ifs ;d"x, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf Jofkf/L nufotsf pBdLn]
u|fdL0f If]qdf ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df s[lif pkh ;+sng s]Gb|,
k|zf]wg s]Gb|| Pj+ kz'kGIfL jwzfnf :yfkgf ug{ rfx]df k|fljlws
;xfotf pknJw u/fpg'sf] ;fy} ef}lts lgdf{0fsf] -hUUff jfx]s_
nflu s]xL ;xof]u pknJw u/fOg] 5 .
#=@%= zLt e08f/ (Cold & Frozen Storage, Cold Chain, Cold
Chamber and Chiling Vat), s[lif yf]s ahf/ Pj+ ;+sng
s]Gb| / kz' awzfnfsf] ;+rfngdf nfUg] ljB't dxz'ndf
pBdJoj;fo :yfkgfsf] !) aif{;Dd @% /sd cy{ d+qfnosf]
jh]6 jStAodf ;dfj]z u/L 5'6 lbO{g] 5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
!%
!^
!&
b|i6AoM
-s_
s[lif zAbn] afnL, jfujfgL, kz'kG5L, df5f cflb s[lifsf ;a} pkIf]q;+u
;Da4 pTkfbg, pBf] u Pj+ Joj;fox? ;d] t hgfpF 5 .
-v_
-u_
-3_
-8_
-r_
-5_
-h_
-em_
!*
nufgLaf6 k| l tkmn k| f Kt
-`_
-6_
-7_
?kdf k|of]u ul/b}+ cfPsf 1fg, ;Lk, tyf k|ljlw h:fsf] :yfgLo
:t/df g} ljsf; / lj:tf/ ePsf] dflgG5 .
Accrediated Independent Analytical Laboratory eGgfn]
Joj;flos k4lt .
!(
cg';"rL!
-bkmf #=$@ ;u ;DalGwt_
s[lif Joj;fo k|a4{g ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf b]xfo jd]flhd x'g]5 M
!=
cWoIf
@=
#=
;b:o
$=
;b:o
%=
;b:o
^=
;b:o
&=
;b:o
*=
;b:o
(=
!)=
kb]g ;b:o
;b:o
;b:o ;lrj
gf]6M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @% adf]lhd >L % sf]
;/sf/ eGg] zAbxsf] ;f g]kfn ;/sf/ eGg] zAbx /fvL kfGt/0f
ul/Psf] .
@)
@= kl/efiff M
o; gLltsf] k|of]hgsf nflu M
-s_ cfg'j+lzs kbfy{ eGgfn] g]kfn clw/fHosf] jg:klt, hLj
hGt' tyf ;"Id hLjf0f'sf]] ls|ofTds OsfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-v_ cfg'j+lzs >f]t efn] g]kfn clw/fHosf :j:yfgLo (in-situ)
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
@!
@#
#= kl/sNkgf (Vision) :
vfB Pj+ s[lifhGo cfg'jl+ zs >f]t, kbfy{ tyf :yfgLo 1fg, ;Lk cflbsf]
;+/If0f, pkof]u / nfesf] ;dGoflos (Equitable) Pj+ Goflos (Fair)
af+8kmf+8 u/L jt{dfg / efjL k':tfsf] vfB ;'/Iff Pj+ ul/aL Go"lgs/0f
ug]{ kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] 5 .
$= p2]Zox?
-s_ s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g / lbuf] pkof]u u/L
s[lifsf] ;d'lrt ljsf; Pj+ vfB tyf kf]if0f ;'/Iff ;'b[9 ug]{ .
-v_ s[ifssf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, vf]h, k|ljlw, pkof]u / cEof;x?sf]
xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ ;+j4{g ug]{ .
-u_ s[lif cg'j+lzs >f]t tyf kbfy{sf] kx'+r / pkof]uaf6 >[lht
cj;/ / nfex?sf] ;dGoflos Pj+ Goflos ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf]
Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
-3_ bL3{sflng ?kdf s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f Pj+ ;+j4{g u/L
kof{ j /0fLo ;Gt' n g clea[ l 4 ug{ d f of] u bfg k' ofpg] .
%= gLlt
s= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g / lbuf] pkof]usf nflu
b]xfo adf]lhdsf gLlt cjnDag ul/g]5 M
!= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g tyf lbuf] pkof]usf]
nflu cWoog, cg';Gwfg Pj+ k|;f/ ug]{ .
@= s[ifsaf6 s[ifs aLr aLp ljlgdo ug]{ k/Dk/fut aLp tyf
cGo ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ .
#= s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfdf cfwfl/t ahf/ tyf pBf]u Joj;fonfO{
k|f]T;fxg lbg] .
$= s[ifssf] 1fg / ;Lkdf cfwfl/t a}1flgs k|ljlw Pj+ 1fgsf]
k|of]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
@$
@%
of] gLltsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ug]{ sfd ;ldltaf6 x'g5] . ;ldltsf] sfo{
;~rfng tyf a}7s ;DalGw sfo{ljlw ;ldlt cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
cg';"rL !
s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] sfo{ If]q
s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf] sfo{ If]q leq vfB / s[lif;+u ;DalGwt h}ljs
ljljwtfsf ;Dk"0f{ c+zx? / s[lifhGo kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL, -s[lifhGo
ag:klt, hLjhGt', hnr/ / ;"Id hLjf0f'sf j+zf0f'ut, k|hflt /
kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL txsf hft Pj+ leGgtf (Variety and Variability),
s[lif kl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL (Agri ecosystem) nfO{ wfGg cfjZos k|d'v
sfo{x? (Functions), ;+/rgf / k|ls|ofx? kg]{ ePsf]n] s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfsf
lgDg kIfx? /xg]5g\ M
-s_ s[lifsf cfg'j+lzs >f]tx? M
@&
* CBD; 1992 sf] Conference of the Parties sf] lg0f{o g+= III/11 sf] cfwf/df .
@*
cg';"rL @
s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf, /fli6o ;+/If0f ;ldlt
k|s/0f @ sf] v08 -0f_ ;u ;DalGwt
o; ;ldltsf] u7g tkl;n adf]lhd /xg] 5 .
;lrj, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno
cWoIf
;x;lrj -s[lif_, /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u
;b:o
;x;lrj -jftfj/0f_, jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfno
;b:o
;x;lrj -jftfj/0f_, jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno
;b:o
;x;lrj -jftfj/0f_, pBf]u, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno
;b:o
;x;lrj -jftfj/0f_, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno
;b:o
sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb
;b:o
dxflgb{]zs, s[lif ljefu
;b:o
dxflgb{]zs, kz' ;]jf ljefu
;b:o
dxflgb{]zs, vfB k|ljlw tyf u'0f lgoGq0f ljefu
;b:o
dxflgb{]zs, jg cg';Gwfg tyf ;e{]If0f ljefu
;b:o
k|ltlglw, -k|fWofks_, s[lif tyf kz' lj1fg cWoog ;+:yfg
;b:o
k|ltlglw, -k|fWofks_, s]lGb|o jg:klt ljefu,
lqe"jg ljZjljBfno
;b:o
k|ltlglw lghL If]q -u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf_
;b:o
k|ltlglw lghL If]q -pBdLJofkf/L_
;b:o
k|ltlglw -s[ifs_
;b:o
;x;lrj, n}ls ;dtf tyf jftfj/0f dxfzfvf,
s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno
;b:o ;lrj
?kfGt/0f M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @% adf]lhd >L
% sf] ;/sf/ eGg] zAbxsf] ;f g]kfn ;/sf/ eGg] zAbx /fvL
kfGt/0f ul/Psf] .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
@(
!=)( lrof Kofls pBf]u eGgfn] lrof Kofls ul/ ljqmL ljt/0f
ug]{ pBf]unfO{ hgfpFb5 .
!=!) lrof Joj;fo eGgfn] lrofsf] v]tL, k|zf]wg, cfoft, lgof{t,
lrof Kofls / ahf/ Joj:yf ug]{ sfo{nfO{ hgfpFb5 .
!=!! u|;
] lkl/o8 eGgfn] lrof v]tLsf] nflu C0f k|jfx ul/Psf]
ldlt b]lv ;fFjf /sdsf] klxnf] ls:tf e'QmfgL ug]{ cjlwnfO{
hgfpFb5 .
!=!@ af]8{ eGgfn] /fli6o lrof tyf skmL ljsf; af]8{nfO{
hgfpFb5 .
!=!# ;]; eGgfn] /fli6o lrof k|zf]wg ubf{ / cfoft ubf{ nfUg]
;]jf z'NsnfO{ hgfpFb5 .
!=!$ a}+s eGgfn] lrof Joj;fodf nufgL ug]{ s[lif ljsf; j}+s
nufotsf a} + s x? / ljlQo ;+ : yfx?nfO{ hgfpF b 5 .
@= p2]ZoM
@=! lrof v]tLdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf j[l4 u/L lrofsf]
pTkfbgdf u'0ffTds Pj+ kl/df0ffTds j[l4 xfl;n ug]{
@=@ lrof Joj;foL / s[ifsx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
@=# cfo cfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? a9fO{ ul/aL lgjf/0fdf
;xof]u k'ofpg] .
@=$ lrofsf] ahf/ k|a4{g ug]{ .
@=% lrof Joj;fonfO{ lbuf] / cfsif{s agfpg] .
@=^ lrof v]tL lj:tf/ u/L jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf ;d]t ;xof]u
k'ofpg] .
@=& lrof ljsf;sf] nflu ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] k|a4{g ub}{ hfg] .
@=* cfGtl/s dfusf] cfk"lt{ u/L lrof lgof{tf/f ljb]zL d'b|f
cfh{gsf cj;/x? a9fpFb} hfg] .
@=( lrof Joj;fosf] nflu cfjZos cWoog, cg';Gwfg, k|ljlwsf]
ljsf; / hgzlQm ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
#!
#= nIox?
#=!
cf=a= @)%^ . %& b]lv u|]; lk/Lo8df JofhnfO{ k"FhLs/0f ug]{ Joj:yf s[lif ljsf;
a}+sn] x6fPsf] 5 .
xfn * aif{ leq ;fFjf tyf Jofh lt/L ;Sg'kg{] Joj:yf /x]sf] lyof] .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
$=!=(
$=!=!)
$=!=!!
$=!=!@
$=!=!#
$=!=!$
$=!=!%
##
$=@
#$
$=#
#%
$=#=!@
$=#=!#
$=#=!$
$=#=!%
$=#=!^
$=#=!&
$=$
hgzlQm
$=$=!
$=$=@
$=$=#
#&
$=%
$=^
#*
$=&
?kfGt/0f M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @% adf]lhd >L
% sf] ;/sf/ eGg] zAbxsf] ;f g]kfn ;/sf/ eGg] zAbx /fvL kfGt/0f
ul/Psf] .
#(
$)
!=!
!=@
!=#
!=$
!=%
!=^
!=&
!=*
!=(
#=!=@
#=!=#
$!
#=!=&
$@
#=#=@
#=#=#
#=#=&
$#
?kfGt/0f M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @% adf]lhd >L
% sf] ;/sf/ eGg] zAbxsf] ;f g]kfn ;/sf/ eGg] zAbx /fvL
kfGt/0f ul/Psf] .
$$
$%
@))!, s[lif Aoj;fo k|j4{g gLlt, @)^# sf] efjgf cg'k g]kfn ;/sf/n]
b'Uw ljsf; gLlt, @)^$ :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 .
@= b[li6sf]0fM
;/sf/L, ;xsf/L tyf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfdf b'Uw pTkfbg If]qnfO{
Jofj;flos u'0f:t/Lo Pj+ k|lt:kwf{Tds Jofj;fosf] kdf ljsf; u/L
/f]huf/L clej[l4 Pj+ ul/aL lgjf/0fdf of]ubfg k'ofpg'sf ;fy} pRr
u'0f:t/sf b"w tyf b'Uw kbfy{ pkef]QmfxnfO{ ;j{;'ne kdf pknAw
u/fpg] k|of; Pj+ sfo{s|dnfO{ Ps csf{sf] kl/k"/ssf] kdf lj:tf/ u/L
/fli6o cfly{s ljsf;df u'0ffTds of]ubfg ug]{ o; gLltsf] bL3{sfnLg
b[li6sf]0f /x]sf] 5 .
#= p2]ZoM
o; gLltsf p2]Zox b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ M
-s_ u| f dL0f If] q df b" w sf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj a9fpg] ,
-v_ b"w tyf b'Uw kbfy{sf] pTkfbgnfO{ Jofj;flos / k|lt:kwL{ agfp+bF }
b"w ;+sng 9'jfgL Joj:yf Pj+ k|zf]wg pBf]uxsf] lj:tf/ ug],{
-u_
-3_
b"w tyf b'Uw kbfy{sf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ Pj+ lgodg u/L ;j{;'ne
kdf pkef]QmfnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .
$= gLltM
k|:t't p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu lgDg gLltx cjnDag ul/g]5g\ .
$=!= u|fdL0f If]qdf b"wsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj a9fpgsf nflu
cjnDag ul/g] dfu{bz{s gLltxM
-s_ u|fdL0f If]qdf pTkflbt b"wnfO{ zx/L If]qdf k'ofO{ b'Uw
Joj;fonfO{ u|fdL0f If]qdf ul/aL lgjf/0f ug]{ k|dv
' cfwf/sf]
kdf ljsl;t ub}{ n}hfg] .
-v_ pGgt gZnsf kz'xsf] pTkfbgdf a[l4 ug{ pko'Qm ks]6xdf
$^
$&
-v_ ;/sf/L, ;xsf/L tyf lghL If]qaf6 b"w tyf b'Uw kbfy{
pTkfbg, ;+sng, k|zf]wg / ljqmL ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{df pkof]u
x'g] /fli6o b'Uw ljsf; af]8n
{ ] tf]ss
] f d]lzg tyf pks/0fxsf]
k}7f/Ldf eG;f/ ;x'lnotsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 .
-u_ b"w tyf b'Uw kbfy{ 9'jfgL Pj+ ljt/0fdf k|of]u x'g] ;jf/L
;fwgxsf] cfjfudgnfO{ cTofjZos ;]jf ;/x k|fyldstf
lbOg]5 .
-3_ b'Uw pBf]uxnfO{ cfGtl/safXo ;+oQ
' m nufgLdf w"nf] b"w
pTkfbg nufotsf d"No clea[l x'g] cGo b'Uw pBf]u] :yfkgf
Pj+ ;+rfng u/L o:tf j:t'sf] cfoft k|lt:yfkg tyf lgof{t
k|fT] ;flxt ug{s
' f cltl/Qm a]aL km'8 cflb agfpg] pBf]uxnfO{
k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
-_ b"w pBf]uxnfO{ u'0f:t/o'Qm cfw'lgs Pj+ k/Dk/fut b'Uw
kbfy{ pTkfbgsf] ljljwLs/0f ug{ Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu
;x' l notk" 0 f{ C0f tyf k| f ljlws ;xof] u k' ofOg] 5 .
-r_ lxdfnL If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ s[ifsxsf] d'Vo k]zf rf}/+ Lkfng
ePsf] x'Fbf pgLxsf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/sf] nflu g]kfnsf]
ljz]if klxrfg /x]sf] ofs lrhnfO{ ljlzi6 pTkfbgsf] kdf
ljsf; ug{ ;x'lnotk"0f{ C0f Pj+ k|fljlws ;xof]u k'ofpg'sf]
;fy} ufO{sf] b"waf6 lrh pTkfbg ug{ ;xsf/L lghL If]qnfO{
Ifdtf ljsf;sf] nflu ;xof]u k'ofOg]5 .
-5_ b'Uw pBf]uxsf] nflu cfjZos k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] ljsf;
ug{ b'Uw cWoogtflnd ;+:yf (Dairy Institute / Training
Center) sf] :yfkgf u/L o; ;DaGwL cWoog tyf tflndsf]
Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
-h_ b'Uw If]qdf ;+nUg k|fljlws tyf Joj:yfkg tkm{sf sd{rf/Lsf]
bIftf clej[l4 ul/g]5 .
-em_
$(
k|;f/ ul/g]5 .
%)
-u_
-3_
%!
;xsf/L ljefu
?kfGt/0f M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @% adf]lhd >L
% sf] ;/sf/ eGg] zAbxsf] ;f g]kfn ;/sf/ eGg] zAbx /fvL
kfGt/0f ul/Psf] .
%@
!= k[i7e"ldM
pRr u'0f:t/sf] jLp ljhgsf] k|efjsf/L ljt/0f k|lqmofaf6 s[lif
pTkfbg j[l4sf] nlIft pknlAw xfl;n ug{ 7"nf] 6]jf k'Ub5 . s[ifs ju{nfO{
pko'Qm aLp ljhg ;d;fdlos ?kdf pknAw u/fpgsf nflu xfn;Dd
ljleGg k|fljlws ultljlw ljBdfg /x]sf] eP tfklg tL ultljlwx?af6
jfl~5t ?kdf pknlAwx? xfl;n x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
pRr u'0f:t/sf] aLp ljhg pTkfbg, k|zf]wg tyf k/LIf0f Joj:Yff
ldnfO{ u'0f:t/o'Qm aLp ljhg ;'Jol:yt ?kn] pknAw u/fO{ ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfsf] ;'ljwf tyf cfly{s l:ylt ;'b[9 ug{ jf~5gLo eP cg'?k aLp
ljhg P]g, @)$% sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] . o;} P]g cGtu{t aLp ljhg
lgodfjnL, @)%$ klg hg;dIf cfO;s]sf] 5 . oL kIfnfO{ s[lif bL3{sfnLg
of]hgfn] k|ljlw If]qleq kg{] / aLpsf] of]ubfg ljz]if dxTjk"0f{ x'g] eGg]
s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] :jLsf/f]QmLnfO{ ca ;+:yfut / sfo{qmdut
Joj:yfaf6 Jojxf/df k| e fjsf/L agfpg' cfjZos b] l vPsf] 5 .
pko'{Qm cfjZostfnfO{ ljrf/ u/L bL3{sfnLg of]hgfn] /fv]sf] s[lif
ljsf;sf] nIo cg'?k cfly{s pknlAw xfl;n ug{] p2]Zon] of] aLp ljhg
gLlt k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
@= p2]Zox?
@=! ljleGg afnLsf] cfjZos u'0f:t/Lo tyf kl/df0ffTds aLp ljhg
;'Jojl:yt ?kn] pknAw u/fpg] .
@=@ u'0f:t/Lo aLp pTkfbg u/L lgof{t k|a4{g ug{] .
@=# ljBdfg cGt/f{li6o ljZj Jofkf/nfO{ b[li6ut u/L aLp Joj;fonfO{
k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
@=$ g]kfnsf] cfk\mg} ljz]iftfk"0f{ aLpx?sf] cg'af+lzs (Genetic)
rl/qnfO{ cIf'0f / ;'/lIft /fVg] tyf ;f] pk/sf] clwsf/ ;'/If0f
ug{ ] sfddf cGo ;DalGwt lgsfol;t ;dGjo ug{ ] .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
%#
#= gLlt
#=! hftLo, ljsf; tyf ;Da4{gM
#=!=! hftLo ljsf; tyf ;Da4{gsf] sfo{ ;/sf/L:t/af6 ub{}
cfPsf]df eljiodf of] sfo{ u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qaf6
;d]t u/fOg]5 .
#=!=@ hftLo ljsf;df ;+nUg x'g rfxg] lgsfon] cfk\mgf] k"jf{wf/sf]
cj:yf / cf}lrTosf] k"j{ hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 dfq hftLo
ljsf;df ;+ n Ug x' g kfpg] Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .
#=!=# s[lif cg';Gwfgaf6 ljsl;t gofF hftx? s[ifs:t/df
ljt/0f x'gc
' l3 hft cg'df]bg, pGdf]rg tyf kl~hs/0fsf]
sfo{ /fli6o aLp ljhg ;ldlt -o;kl5 o; gLltdf
;ldlt elgPsf]_af6 ul/g]5 .
#=!=$ k|fljlws b[li6sf]0fn] s'g} hft cg'ko'Qm 7x/ ePdf o;sf]
gfd kl~hs/0faf6 x6fpg] / ;f]sf] hfgsf/L s[ifsnfO{
lbg] Joj:yf pko{ ' Q m ;ldltn] ldnfpg] 5 .
#=!=% hftLo ljsf;sf] l;nl;nfdf :yfgLo hftsf] 7"nf] dxTj
x'G5 . o;sf/0f s[lif h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f (Agro Biodiversity Conservation) / hftsf] :jfldTjsf] clwsf/
(Variety Rights) :yfkgf ug{] .
#=!=^ aLpsf] ljsf; / pTkfbg a9fpg ;/sf/L tyf lghL
If]qnfO{ /fli6o jf cGt/f{li6o aLp Joj;foLx?;Fu ;+oQ
' m
eO{ sfo{ ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
#=@
aLp j[l4
#=@=! aLp pTkfbg k|0ffnL cyf{t\ Go"lSno;lk| a]lzs, k|hgg,
d"n / k|dfl0ft tyf pGgt aLp pTkfbg k|0ffnLnfO{
s[ifsx?sf] dfu cg';f/sf] kl/df0fdf pknAw x'g ;Sg]
u/L pTkfbgdf lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .
#=@=@ pRr d" N osf aLpx? pTkfbg u/L lgof{ t k| j 4{ g
ul/g]5 .
%$
%%
#=#
u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f
#=#=! xfn;Dd aLp k|dfl0fs/0f (Seed Certification) / oyfy{
;+s]tkq (Truthful Level) nufP/ aLpsf] u'0f:t/
lgoGq0f ug{] k|fjwfg /x]sf]df ca cfoGbf u'0f:t/ 3f]lift
aLp k4lt (Quality Declared Seed System) ;d]t
ckgfO{ aLpsf] u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f ul/g]5 .
#=#=@ aLpsf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ aLp ljhg k/LIf0f, aLp
ljZn]if0f, aLpsf] gd"gf ;+sng, aLp afnL lg/LIf0fh:tf
ljleGg sfo{x? g]kfn ;/sf/af6 tf]lsP adf]lhd ;/sf/L,
u}/ ;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qaf6 u/fOg]5 . ;f] sfo{sf]
cg'udg aLp lahg u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f sfof{non] ug{] u/L
Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
%^
%&
?kfGt/0f M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @% adf]lhd >L
% sf] ;/sf/ eGg] zAbxsf] ;f g]kfn ;/sf/ eGg] zAbx /fvL
kfGt/0f ul/Psf] .
%(
^)
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
#= kl/efiff
ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; gLltdf
-s_ cfoftstf{ eGgfn] s'g} ljb]zL d'n'sjf6 g]kfn clw/fHoleq
/f;folgs dn cfoft ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yf ;+emg' k5{ .
-v_ gLlt eGgfn] dn gLlt, @)%* nfO{ ;+emg' k5{ .
-u_
-3_
-_
-h_
$= p2]Zox?
df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQm ;'wf/af6 s[lif pTkfbsTj j[l4 u/L ul/jL lgjf/0f
ug]{ /fli6o nIfnfO{ of]ubfg k'ofpg] p2]Zoaf6 of] gLlt lgb]{lzt 5 .
ljz]iftM of] gLltsf] p2]Zo lgDg cg';f/ x'g] 5 M
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
^!
dnsf] pknAwtf
^#
?kfGt/0f M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @% adf]lhd >L % sf] ;/sf/
eGg] zAbxsf] ;f g] k fn ;/sf/ eGg] zAbx /fvL kfGt/0f ul/Psf] .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
^%
^&
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_
^(
-5_
-h_
-em_
-`_
-6_
-7_
-8_
-9_
-0f_
&)
-t_
-y_
-b_
@=@=@=
@=@=#=
&!
@=#=@=
@=#=#=
&#
@=%=#=
@=^=@=
&%
@=^=#=
@=^=^=
s'g} demf}n
+ f k|0ffnLdf cGtlg{lxt k|fljlws jf cGo hl6ntfsf]
sf/0f pkef]Qmf ;+:yfn] k"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug{ ;Dej
gb]lvPdf To:tf k|0ffnLnfO{ pkef]Qmf ;+:yf / l;+rfO ljefun]
;+ o ' Q m kdf ;~rfng ug] { Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .
@=^=&=
@=^=!!=
@=^=!@=
l;+rfO ;]jf pknAw eO{ a9\g hfg] cf};t s[lif pTkfbgsf] cfwf/df
k|To]s afnLsf] nflu Go"gtd l;+rfO ;]jf z'Ns lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .
@=&=@=
&&
@=&=#=
@=&=$=
@=&=%=
@=*=$= ck|Tofl;t kn] s'g} k|0ffnLdf 7"nf] xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g uO{
pkef]Qmfsf] sfa'eGbf aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt b]lvg cfPdf g]kfn
;/sf/n] To:tf k|0ffnLsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] xb;Dd /fxt ;xof]u
pknAw u/fpg]5 .
@=*=%= ;+o'Qm Joj:yfkgdf /x]sf k|0ffnLsf] dd{t ;Def/sf] sfd
;Demf}tf cg'?k ul/g]5 .
@=*=^= cg';"rL @ adf]lhdsf] /sdn] gx/ k|0ffnL dd{t, ;Def/ /
;~rfng ug{ gk'u x'g] ePdf pkef]Qmf ;+:yfn] cfjZos yk
;]jf z'Ns p7fpg ;Sg]5 .
@=(= JolQm, ;d"x jf u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf
@=(=!=
&(
*!
*#
*$
*%
cfodf
j[ l $
ug{
;lsg]
k| j n
;Defjgf
/x] s f] %
o; Joj;fonfO{ lbzflgb]z
{
ug{ tyf cf}Bf]lus/)f tkm{ lbuf] ult lbgsf]
nflu &f]; gLltsf] cfjZostf dx;'; u/L /fli^<o s[lif gLlt, 2061
/ s[lif Aoj;fo k|a${g gLlt, 2063 sf] kl/lw leq /xL g]kfn ;/sf/n]
kG%L kfng gLlt, 2068" hf/L u/]sf] % .
@= ljutsf k|of;x?M
g]kfndf cfw'lgs s'v/
' fkfngsf] z'?jft la= ;= 2014 ;fndf klxnf]
k^s ANofs ldgf]sf{, /f]* cfO{n})* /]*, Go' XofDk;fo/ / XjfO{^
n]uxg{ hftsf s'v'/fsf] cfoftaf^ ePsf] xf] . s[ifsx?nfO{ pGgt
rNnf lat/)f u/L df;' tyf km'n pTkfbg a[l$ ug{ of] sfo{qmdsf]
yfngL ul/Psf] lyof] . la= ;+= 2017 ;fndf k/jfgLk'/, af/fdf ;]G^<n
Xofr/L :yfkgf eO{ Go' x]Dk;fo/ hftsf dfpm rNnfx? cfoft u/L
rNnf pTkfbgsf] z'?jft ul/Psf] xf] . o;} qmddf lghL If]qsf]
cu|;/tfdf pGgt gZnsf n]o;{ / a|fO
] n/ rNnfx? cfoft tyf laqmL
kl/efiff M kG5L eGgfn] s'v'/f, xfF;, afO{, nf}sf6, 6sL{, k/]jf, cli6r,
sflnh / Rofv'/f cflbnfO{ hgfpF5 .
*^
lat/)fsf] sfo{ la=;+= 2019 ;fnaf^} ;'?jft ePtf klg la=;+= 2040
kl% kG%Lkfngdf Joj;flos/)f k| s [ o fn] ult lnPsf] b] l vG% .
#= jt{dfg l:yltM
g]kfndf kG%Lhftaf^ pTkflbt df;' / km'nsf] k|lt AolSt pkef]u:t/
Go"g /x]sf] tYof+sn] b]vfPsf] % . cf=j= 2067)68 df s'v'/fsf]
df;' 36,052 d]=^g / c)*f 70 s/f]* uf]^f pTkfbg ePsf] h;sf]
cf}ift jflif{s j[l$b/ sl/j 3=2 k|ltzt /x]sf] % . s'v'/fsf] df;'
tyf km'nsf] cf}ift jflif{s pknJwtf k|lt JolQm qmdzM 1=82 lsnf]uf| d
/ 25 uf]^f /x]sf] % . b]zsf] s"n df;' pTkfbgdf s'v/
' fsf] df;'sf]
of]ubfg sl/j 13 k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvG% . xfn b]zdf 98 j^f
Xofr/Laf^ jflif{s 5=7 s/f]* j|fO
] n/ rNnf / 58 nfv n]o;{ rNnf
pTkfbg e} ljlqm ljt/)f x'+b} cfPsf] % . To;}u/L sl/j 210 &"nf
bfgf pBf]uaf^ jflif{s 6 nfv 46 xhf/ d]=^g bfgf pTkfbg x'g]
u/]sf] % . Joj;flos s'v/' fkfng If]qn] dfq sl/j 1,00,000 hgfnfO{
k|ToIf /f]huf/L lbPsf] % . t;y{, kG%L Joj;fonfO{ t'ngfTds nfe
/ k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf a[l$ ug]{ clek|fon] kG%Lkfng gLltsf] cfjZostf
dx;'; ul/Psf] xf] .
$= ;d:of / r'gf}tLM
l%d]sL d'n'sx?sf] t'ngfdf g]kfndf k'mn / df;'sf] pTkfbg Pj+
pTkfbsTj Go"g /x]sf] % . bfgfdf k|of]u ul/g] sRrf kbfy{x?sf]
s"n kl/df)fsf] sl/j 50 k|ltzt hlt ljb]zaf^ cfoft ul/g] x'+bf
jif]g
{ L pNn]Vo ?kdf wg/fzL ljb]lzPsf] cj:yf % eg] cfofltt sRrf
kbfy{sf] klg u')f:t/ sd;n eO{ pTkfbsTj sd eO{ pTkfbg nfut
;d]t j(g uPsf] % Pj+ ;do ;dodf o; If]qdf b]vf k/]sf] kG%LhGo
dxfdf/L
/f] u
;d] t
;d:of
r" g f} t Lsf]
?kdf
b] l vPsf]
*&
lbuf] Pj+ ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{ gof gLltsf] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf]
xf] .
^= nIfM
kG%L Joj;fonfO{ k|lt:kwL{ / jhf/d"vL pBf]usf] ?kdf :yflkt u/L
k|lt JolQm k|lt jif{ df;' / c)*fsf] xfnsf] pknJwtf qmdzM 1=82
lsnf]uf| d / 25 uf]^fnfO{ cfufdL 15 jif{ leq t]Jj/ ul/g] / h}las
laljwtfsf] ;+/If)f ul/g] nIf /x]sf] % .
&= p2]Zox?M
kG%Lkfng Joj;fonfO{ k|lt:kwL{ agfO{ k+%LhGo df;' tyf c)*fsf]
pknJwtfnfO{ j[l$ ug{ / cfocfh{g tyf /f]huf/L ;[hgfdf ^]jf k'Cofpg
lgDg p@]Zo lnOPsf] % .
1=
2=
*= gLltx?M
8=1
8=2
8=3
8=6
8=7
8=8
u/L
l%^f]
%l/tf]
;] j f
k| j fx
ul/g] %
*(
9=1=7
9=1=8
9=1=9
9=1=10
9=1=11
cfoft
qmlds
?kdf
k|lt:yfkg ul/g] % .
9=1=12
()
9=1=13
9=1=14
9=2
k| j fx
ug] { ] {
cg' s " n
jftfj/)f
agfO{ g ]
ljt/)f
k| ) ffnLnfO{
Jojl:yt
ul/g]
ljz] i f
sfo{ q md
;+ r fng
ul/g] %
9=4
9=4=2
kG%L
tyf
kG%LhGo
kbfy{ s f]
Jofkfl/s
s] G b|
9=5
9=6
9=6=2
(@
9=7
lgb] { z s
;ldlt
u&g
ug{
;lsg]
k| b fg
ug] {
x+ ' b f
cl;ldt
bfloTj
>[ h gf
gx' g ]
(#
Aoj;fo
k| a ${ g
gLlt,
2063
cg' ; f/
g}
x' g ] %
!$= hf]lvdM
o; gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogaf^ jftfj/)f ;+/If)f tyf hg:jf:Yodf
cg's"n k|efj kg]{ x'+bf s'g} hf]lvd a(\g hfg] %}g .
($
vs{ eGgfn] k|fs[lts r/g If]q, 3f;] d}bfg Pj+ emf8L a'6\ofg If]q (shrubland) ;d]tnfO{
j'emfp+b5 .
(%
(^
If]qdf of;f{uD' jf h:tf ax'dN' o hl8j'6L kfOg] x'bF f ;do ;dodf :jfldTj
/ Aoj:yfkg ljjfbsf sf/0f dfgjLo Iflt ;d]t x'g] u/]sf] 5 . ljifd
ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, sdhf]/ Joj:yfkg, dflg; tyf kz'x?sf] j9\bf] rfksf
sf/0f vs{x?sf] cj:yf lbgfg'lbg v:s+bf] 5 .
vs{x?df pTkfbg x'g] 3fF; dWo] s]jn #& k|ltzt dfq} kz'x?n]
pkof]u ug{ kfPsf 5g\ . vs{x?sf] cj:yf x]/L 3fF;sf] pTkfbg )=^% b]lv
#=^) d]=6g= ;'Vvf kbfy{ k|lt x]S6/ k|lt aif{ /x]sf] 5 . n]sfnL jfx]s c?
;j} vs{x?df kz'x?sf] cTolws rfk /x]sf] cWoogjf6 k'li6 eO{;s]sf]
5 . :yfgLo ;d'bfox?n] cfkm\gf kz'x? vs{x?df ;fd"lxs ?kdf r/Lr/g
u/fpg] u/] klg vs{x?sf] :jfldTj ;/sf/df /x]sf] t/ pkef]Qmf :yfgLo
;d'bfoaf6 x'g] u/]sf]n] vs{ Joj:yfkgsf] cGof}n sfod} 5 . kz'x?sf]
r/Lr/g jfkt rsf] { z' N s lnOg] u/] s f] klg kfOPsf] 5 .
$= ;d:of tyf r"gf}tLx?
j9\bf] hg;+Vof, e"Ifo, cJojl:yt r/Lr/g, 89]nf] / vf]/Lof
kmF8fgLsf sf/0f vf; u/L lxdfnL If]qdf cjl:yt h}ljs ljljwtfdf lgs}
Iflt k'us
] f] 5 eg] vs{x?sf] If]qkmn tyf pTkfbg klg qmlds ?kdf 36\b}
uPsf] 5 . vs{ Joj:yfkgdf k/Dk/fut ;+:yf, ljlw / tf}/ tl/sfx? dfl;+b}
uPsf] tyf j}1flgs ljlw / k|so[ f cjnDjg geO{;s]sf] cj:yfdf tLgsf]
lbuf] Joj:yfkg lgs} r"gf}tLk"0f{ b]lvPsf] 5 . ;+:yfut ;~hfn Pj+ vs{
;DjlGw cg';Gwfg tyf bIftfsf] cefj, vs{ ljsf; tyf Joj:yfkgdf
x'g] u/]sf] ckof{Kt cfly{s nufgL, ef}uf]lns ljs6tf / ckof{Kt hgzQmL]
cflb sf/0fn] ubf{ klg vs{ ljsf; tyf Joj:yfkgn] ult lng ;s]sf]
5}g . ;fy} hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/0f ljZj tfkdfgsf] j[l4jf6 eO{/x]sf]
c;/af6 vs{x?sf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf x|f; cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} u|fld0f
a;f]af; glhs ;fj{hlgs 3fF;] d}bfg jf r/Lr/g If]q clt r/Lr/0f,
rf}tkmL{ cltqmd0f, / ldrfxf (invasive) jf rfxgf gePsf k|hftL km}nfj6
klg ;d:ofsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . vs{x?sf] ljifd cjl:ylt, vs{ Joj:yfkgsf
nflu >f]t cefj, vs{hGo >f]t*x?sf] clgolGqt bf]xg, k|0ffnL (Ecosystem)
;d]tnfO{ j'emfp+b5 . vs{x?sf] Aoa:yfkg :jfldTjsf] c:k6tf, vs{
Joj:yfkg ;DjlGw k|ljlw ljsf; tyf k|;f/sf] l;ldttf, vs{ ljsf;
*
vs{hGo >f]t eGgfn] ;fdfGotof vs{x?df ePsf 3f+;, hl8j'6L, u}/sfi6 jg k}bfjf/, hn>f]t,
hLjhGt'x? / kl/l:yltlso
(&
(= p2]Zox? (Objectives)
(=! vs{x?sf] :t/f]Gglt u/L pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug]{ .
(=@ vs{df cfwfl/t pBd Joj;fox?sf] ljsf; Pj+ lj:tf/ ug]{ .
(=# vs{x?sf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;Djw{g Pj+ lbuf] /
j}1flgs pkof]u u/L] kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ ;xof]u
k'ofpg] .
!)= gLlt
!)=! vs{x?sf] :t/f]Gglt u/L pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug]{] M
!)=!=! vs{x?sf] ;+/If0f, ;+j4{g tyf pkof]usf] clwsf/ Pj+
lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ k|bfg ug{ cfjZos sfg"gL
Joj:yf ug]{ .
!)=!=@ vs{sf] u'0f:t/df x|f; cfpg glbg pTkfbg :t/ Pj+
Ifdtf cg' ; f/ rl/r/g ug{ ] { Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
!)=!=# ;+/lIft If]qx? nufotsf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?;+u ;dGjo
u/L r/g ljsf; tyf vs{ Joj:yfkg sfo{ Jojl:yt ug]{ .
!)=!=$ ;fd'bflos jg If]q leq k/Dk/fut ?kdf r/g If]qsf]
?kdf pkof]u x'+b} cfPsf vs{x?df kz'kfns s[ifsx?n]
k| o f] u ub} { cfO{ / x] s f ;' l jwfx?sf] ;+ / If0f ug] { .
!)=!=% cGt/fli6o, /fli6o, tyf :yfgLo :t/df ljsl;t k|lalwx?sf]
vf] h L u/L ;f] s f] k| o f] u ug] { Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
!)=!=^ vs{ If]qdf lgoldt cWoog cg';GwfgnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{
vs{hGo ;|f]tx?;+u ;DjlGwt k|ljlw ljsf; / k/LIf0fdf
hf]8 lbg] .
!)=!=& :yfgLo If]qdf sfo{/t s[lif, kz'kfng, ag / ;DjlGwt
cGo pkef]Qmf ;d'xx?sf] ;xeflutfdf vs{x?sf] k"jf{wf/
ljsf; ug]{ .
!)=!=* l5d]sL d'ns
' x?;+usf] ljBdfg r/g ;Demf}tfsf] gljs/0f
k| s [ o fnfO{ ;/nLs[ t ug] { Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
((
!)=!=( lxp+bF tyf ;'Vvf ofddf x'g] kz' cfxf/fsf] cefj Go"lgs/0f
ug{ aiff{tsf] ;dodf pknAw xl/of] 3Ff;sf] ;+sng /
;+/If0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
!)=!=!) h8La'6L Pj+ u}/sfi6 jg k}bfjf/sf] pknAwtfsf] cWoog
u/L s'g} vf; vs{ If]qnfO{ h8La'6L If]q tf]Sg] / To:tf
h8La'6Lsf] ljsf;, Aoj:yfkg / ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?
:yfgLo lgsfo, ;d'bfo tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
;xeflutfdf ;3g ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ .
!)=!=!! 3fF;sf] aLp, kz'hGo kbfy{x?, h8La'6L / u}/sfi7 jg
k}bfjf/ cflbsf] pTkfbg, ;+sng / k|zf]wg af/] pTkfbs
tyf pkef]Qmf nufot cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] r]tgf
clej[l4 ug]{ .
!)=!=!@ le/fnf] ;txdf /x]sf vs{x?df x'g] u/]sf] e"Ifo lgoGq0f
ug{ pko'Qm k|ljlw cjnDjg ug]{ .
!)=!=!# e"pkof]u gSzfsf] cfwf/df ljBdfg vs{x?sf] If]qkmn
tyf pTkfbsTj PsLg ug'{sf ;fy} vs{ ljsf; tyf
Joj:yfkg of]hgf jgfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
!)=!=!$ k|fs[lts k|sf]k -89]nf], ;'Vvf, jf9L, klx/f], lxdkft cflb_
af6 vs{ tyf To;df cfl>t Joj;fodf x'g] hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f
ug] { tyf Iflt ePdf /fxtsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
!)=@ vs{df cfwfl/t pBd Joj;fox?sf] ljsf; Pj+ lj:tf/ ug]{M
!)=@=! vs{hGo pTkfbgx?sf] :yfgLo :t/df g} pBd k|j4{g /
d"No clej[l4 (Value addition) ug{ tyf vs{df cfwfl/t
pTkfbgx?sf] lgsf;L j[l4 ug{ k"j{fwf/x?sf] ljsf; tyf
;d'bfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ . vs{hGo pTkfbgnfO{ d"No
>+v
[ nf (Value Chain) ;+u cfj4 u/fO{ k|ffl/s j:t'x?sf]
pTkfbgnfO{ j9fjf lbg] .
!)=@=@ e/kbf]{ ahf/ ;"rgf k|0ffnL Pj+ vs{ ;Dj4 Joj;foL tyf
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;~hfn dfkm{t vs{hGo pTkfbgx?sf]
ahf/ ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ug]{ .
!))
!)!
!!=@
!!=#
!!=$
!!=%
!!=^
Fodder Bank eGgfn] e"O{ 3fF;, 8fn] 3fF;, x], k/fn, o"/Lof, df]nf;]; Jns (UMB) sf]
;+lrltnfO{ hgfp+b5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
!)#
*
!)$
!!=&
!!=*
!!=(
!!=!)
!!=!!
!!=!@
!!=!#
!!=!$
!!=!%
!!=!^
!!=!&
vs{ hUufsf] PsLg ul/ hUuf -gfk hFfr_ P]g, @)!( jdf]lhd
lsQf gfkL ul/ vs{x?sf] clen]v Jojl:yt ug]{ / go+Ff
vs{ x ?df kx+ ' r a9fO{ pkof] u sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
!!=!*
!!=!(
!!=@)
!!=@!
!!=@@
!)%
!)^
!!=@#
!!=@$
!!=@%
!!=@^
!!=@&
!!=@*
!!=#)
!!=#!
!!=#@
!!=##
!)&
lgb]{zs ;ldlt
dfggLo ;b:o, s[lif tyf jg, /fli6o of]hgf cfof]u
;+of]hs
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
s[ifs k|ltlglw, -vs{ ;+u ;DjlGwt !hgf dlxnf ;lxt @ hgf_ ;b:o
dxflgb]{zs, kz' ;]jf ljefu
lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] sfo{ If]q
;b:o ;lrj
vs{ gLlt sfof{Gjog ug{ gLlt, P]g, lgoddf ;do ;fk]IfLs k/Ldfh{gsf]
nflu l;kmfl/; ug{] .
!)*
;+of]hs
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o ;lrj
!)(
;+of]hs
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
s[ifs k|ltlglw -dlxnf !, k'?if !_, :yfgLo :t/ vs{ ljsf; ;ldlt ;b:o
lhNnf cWoIf, ufp+F ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;lrj
!!!
!!@
!!#
tyf ltgsf af]6 la?jfsf] lg/f]uLtfsf] hfFr ug]{ k|efjsf/L ;+oGqsf] cefjdf
k'ik v]tLdf aif]g{ L gofF gofF /f]u tyf sL/f lelqg] x'bfF o;df u/]sf] nufgL
;d]t hf]lvddf kl/ k'ik pBf]u w/f;foL aGg ;Sg] ca:yf ;[hgf x'g ;Sg]
b]lvG5 . k'ik v]tLnfO{ pRr d"Nosf] afnLsf] ?kdf lnO{Ptfklg o;sf]
cWoog, cg';Gwfg / k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sfo{qmd k|fyldstfdf gk/]sfn]
ck]lIft nufgL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] Go"g nufgL, pTkflbt
s6km\nfj/sf] pTkfbg :yn b]lv :yfgLo ahf/ / cGt/fli6o ahf/;Dd
k'ofpg] plrt jftfg's'lnt 9'jfgL ;fwgsf] cefj ;fy} emGeml6nf] Pj+
nfdf] eG;f/ k|lqmof o; Joj;fosf r'gf}ltx? x'g .
$= gLltsf] cfaZostf
k'ik Aoj;fosf] k|j4{gsf] nflu pTkfbg b]lv laqmL lat/0f tyf
pkef]Qmf;Dd plrt ;do Pj+ cj:yfdf k'uG' h]nsf] d"No clej[l4 >[vnf
-Value chain_ k|s[ofnfO{ Aojl:yt tyf lgoGq0f u/L lbzf lgb]{z ug{
/fHosf] :ki6 b[li6sf]0f x'g' kg]{ x'G5 . o; ;Gbe{df k'ik k|j4{g gLlt
sf] cfaZostf dxz'; ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfndf kfO{g] laleGGf k|hfltsf /
cfly{s dxTjsf cGo, k'ik pTkfbg / Aoj;foaf6 /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ ;[hgf
x'g'sf] ;fy} g]kfns} df}lns tyf /}yfg] km"n, af]6 la?jfsf] klxrfg u/L
;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{g ug{ ;s]df To;sf] lgof{tsf] 7"nf] ;+efjgf klg /x]sf]
5 . bL3{sflng s[lif of]hgf tyf /fli6o s[lif gLlt, @)^! / jfl0fHo gLlt,
@)^% n] k|d'v lgof{t of]Uo j:t' / j9L df]n hfg] jfnLsf] ?kdf o;nfO{
k|fyldstf lbOPtfklg o;sf] k|j4{gdf kof{Kt hf]8 glbO{Psf] x'Fbf nufgL
stf{ n fO{ cfslif{ t ug{ ;ls/x] s f] 5} g . rfn' lqaifL{ o of] h gf
-@)^&@)^*@)^( @)&)_n] o;nfO{ pRr d"Nosf] a:t'sf] k|fyldstfdf
/fvL cls{8nfO{ Ps ufFp Ps pTkfbg sfo{qmd cGt/ut lg/Gt/tf lbg'sf]
;fy} cfn+sfl/s km"nsf] u'0f:t/Lo pTkfbgsf] nflu d"No clej[l4 >[v
\ nf
;'wf/df hf]8 lbO{Psf] 5 . k'ikjfnL clt g} hf]lvdk"0f{, rf8} lalu|P/ hfg]
/ o;sf] k|of]u laz]if cj:yfdf x'g] ePsf]n] plrt cj:yf tyf ;dodf
pkef]Qmf ;Dd k'ofpg' kg]{ x'G5 . pTkflbt s6km\nfj/sf] pTkfbg :yn
b]lv :yfgLo / cGt/fli6o ahf/;Dd k'ofpgsf nflu plrt jftfg'sl' nt
9'jfgL ;fwg, sd emGeml6nf] Pj+ 5f6f] eG;f/ k|lqmof x'g cfjZos
x'G5 . ;fy} cWoog cg';Gwfgdf k|fyldstf lbO{ pko'Qm k|lalw ljsf;
ug{ o; If]qdf nufgL a9fpg clt cfjZos x'G5 . o; ;Gbe{df o;
!!$
^=@
^=#
&=!=@
&=!=#
!!%
&=!=$
&=!=%
&=!=^
&=!=&
&=!=*
&=!=(
!!^
&=!=!@
&=!=!#
&=@=@
&=@=#
&=@=$
&=@=%
!!&
&=@=^
&=@=&
&=@=*
&=@=(
&=@=!) g]kfnsf laleGg efudf k'ik Aoj;fo lj:tf/ ug{ s6\ nfj/
-tfhf km"n_ k;n vf]nL Joj;fo ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
&=@=!!
&=#=@
&=#=#
&=#=$
&=#=%
&=#=^
*= ;+:yfut Joj:yf
k'ik k|j4{g gLltnfO{ sfo{fGjogsf] nflu lgDgfg';f/sf] !@ ;b:oLo k'ik
Aoj;fo ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
!!(
;+of]hs
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o;lrj
(= cfly{s kIf
k'ik Aoj;fo ljsf; ;dGjo ;ldltn] k'ik Joj;fosf] ljsf; tyf k|j4{g
ug{ cfly{s ;|f]t h'6fpg b]xfosf sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]5,
-s_ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ /fli6o tyf cGt/fli6o ;+3 ;+:yf
Pj+ cGo ;|f]taf6 k'ik ljsf; tyf cg';Gwfgsf] nflu /sd k|fKt
ug]{ .
-v_ laleGg k'ik v]tL jf ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL l;kmfl/; jf k/fdz{
;]jf k|bfg u/] jfkt ;]jf z'Ns lng ;Sg]5 .
-u_
b|i6AoM k'ik hGo j:t' eGgfn] k'ik kmfd{ tyf g;{/Ln] k|fs[lts ?kdf
pTkfbg ug]{ a]gf{, af]6 lj?jf, h/f, ufgf], s6km\nfj/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
!@!
@= ljutsf k|of;x
P]ltxfl;s k|df0fsf cfwf/df g]kfndf e"ldJoj:yfkg / k|zf;g
lnR5jLsfnb]lv g}] z'? ePsf] eP tfklg pkof]usf] cfwf/df e"ldJoj:yfkg
ug]{ sfo{sf] Oltxf; eg] vf;} k'/fgf] ePsf] kfOb}g . iffgL eofsf 7fpFdf
ufpF eof klg ufpF c? hUufdf ;fl/sg klg iffgL rnfpg', if]t aGof
hUufdf 3/ eof klg 3/ cGt hUufdf ;f/L s'nf] sf6L if]t agfO{ cfafb
ug'{, cfgf b]zsf] lhlg; h8La'6L b]; n}hfg' / gut lvRg' eGg]
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] sygsf] cfwf/df r]tgf eg] cufl8 b]lvg} /x]sf] a'g
;lsG5 . ;fy} lj=;+= !(!) df tTsfnLg /fhf ;'/G] b| zfxsf] kfnfdf ag]sf]
d'n'sL P]gdf e"ldJoj:yfkg ;DaGwL ljleGg k|fjwfgx? /fv]sf] kfOG5 .
cfw'lgs ;dodf hUuf -gfkhfFr_ P]g @)!(, d'ns
' L P]g, @)@) sf hUuf
;DaGwL dxnx?, e"ld ;DaGwL P]g @)@!, e"ld k|zf;g P]g, @)@$, dfnkf]t
P]g, @)#$ nufotsf e"ld;DaGwL sfg'gx?n] tTsfnLg cj:yfdf cfjfb
hUufsf] cfFs8f lng], gofF hUuf cfjfb ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ug]{ / dfnkf]t p7fpg]
sfo{nfO{ dfq k|fyldstf lbPsf] kfOG5 eg] e"ldsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u /
Joj:yfkgsf ;j} kIfx?nfO{ ;Daf] w g ug{ ;s] s f] kfOb} g .
To:t} jgIf]qsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ljleGg ;dodf u7g ePsf
jg ;'b9[ Ls/0f cfof]u tyf ;ldltx?sf] k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df jg If]qsf] ;+/If0f
ul/g' kg]{ laifo p7g yfn]kl5 jg If]qnfO{ /]vfg ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] lyof] .
lghL jg /fli6os/0f P]g @)!#, jg P]g @)!*, jg ;+/If0f -ljz]if Joj:yf_
P]g @)@$, vs{ hUuf /fli6os/0f P]g @)#!, jg P]g @)$( h:tf sfg'gx?sf]
lgdf{0f u/L jgIf]qsf] cltqmd0fnfO{ /f]Sg] k|of; ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;Dk"0f{
e"efusf] $) k|ltzt jgIf]q sfod ug]{ ;/sf/sf] gLltnfO{ jgIf]qsf] ;+/If0f
ug] { tkm{ yflnPsf] ;sf/fTds k| o f;sf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .
b]zdf Jojl:yt zx/Ls/0fsf] ljsf;ug{ ;/sf/n] gu/ljsf;
;ldlt P]g, @)$% nfu" u/L gu/ljsf; ;ldltx?dfkm{t gu/If]qdf Jojl:yt
j;f]jf; u/fpg] sfo{sf] z'?jft u/]sf] lyof] . tyflk ljleGg bL3{sfnLg
of]hgf / ;f]rsf ;fy ;+rfng x'g yfn]sf gu/ ljsf; of]hgfx?n] G
/ cGo ljleGg sf/0fn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg ;s]gg\ . o;n] ubf{ /fhdfu{
cf;kf; / zx/L If]qdf cJojl:yt a;f]Jff;sf] k|lqmof tLa| xFb' u} O{ Jojl:yt
zx/ a;fpg] / cJojl:yt a;f]af; lgoGq0f ug]{ sfo{ ck]Iff cg'?k ;kmn
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
!@#
x'g ;s]g . To:t} u|fdL0f cfjf; sDkgL lnld6]8 -tTsfnLg k'gjf{; sDkgL_
n] Jojl:yt j;f]jf; u/fpg] sfo{df s]xL ;xof]u k'ofP tfklg of] sbd
e" pkof] u sf] cjwf/0ff cg' ? k cufl8 a9\ g ;s] s f] b] l vb} g .
e"ldjuL{s/0fsf ;Gbe{df ljutdf dfnkf]t p7fpg] ;d]t k|of]hgsf]
nflu v]t / af/LnfO{ cAan, bf]od, ;Ld / rfxf/df juL{s/0f ul/Psf]df
nfdf] ;do kl5 pkof]usf] cfwf/df e"ldsf] juL{s/0f ul/g' kg]{ cfjZostf
b]lvO{ hUuf -gfkhfFr_ P]g, @)!( sf] cf7f}+ ;+zf]wg @)%& tyf hUuf
-gfkhfFr_ lgodfjnL, @)%* df e"ldnfO{ s[lif If]q / Jofj;flos tyf
a;f]af; If]qdf juL{s/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . o; k|lqmof cGtu{t
e"ldsf] pko{'Qm Ifdtfsf cfwf/df juL{s/0f d"ntM k'gM gfkL ul/g] If]qdf
dfq cjnDjg ul/Psf] x'gfn] o;n] b]zsf] ;du| e"ldnfO{ juL{s/0f ug{
;s]sf] b]lvb}g eg] juL{s/0f cg';f/sf] pkof]u ug]{ ljifodf P]gdf s]xL
pNn]v ePsf] kfOb}g .
:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% / lgodfjnL, @)%^ dfkm{t
e"pkof]u ;DaGwL ljifodf :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ lhDd]jf/ agfOPsf]
b]lvG5 . o; P]g tyf lgodfjnLn] e"pkof]u of]hgf tof/ ug]{, e"ld;|f]t
gSzf tof/ ug],{ klt{ hUuf / 8fF8f, eL/ kfvf]df j[Iff/f]k0f ug],{ ;f+:s[lts
;Dkbf If]qsf] hu]gf{ ug]{, e"Ifo / gbL lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos of]hgf
jgfpg], jg, jg:klt / h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f ug]{, ;fj{hlgs ;/sf/L
hUufsf] cltqmd0fdf /f]s nufpg] h:tf sfo{df :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ lhDd]jf/
agfPsf] kfOG5 .
e"pkof]u ;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ cem a9L k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfg"gL
bfo/fdf Nofpg lj=;+= @)%* df e"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@! df kfrf}]+ ;+zf]wg
/ lj=;+= @)^) df e"ld ;DaGwL lgod, @)@! df rf}wf}+ ;+zf]wg u/L ljleGg
k|fjwfgx? yk ul/Psf 5g\ . ;f] adf]lhd e"-pkof]u kl/ifb\sf] u7g ug{,]
pkof]usf] cfwf/df hdLgsf] juL{s/0f ug],{ Pp6f pkof]udf ePsf] hdLg
csf]{ pkof]udf k|of]u ug{ gkfOg], e"pkof]u sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug],{ hUufsf]
v08Ls/0f lgoGq0f / rSnfjGbLnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg lbg] h:tf Joj:yfx? /x]sf
5g\ .
o;} kl/k|]Ifdf e"pkof]usf] nflu cfjZos k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug{sf
lgldQ ;g\ !(*% -lj=;+= @)$@_ df gfkL ljefu cGtu{t e"ld;|ft] gSzf
!@$
!@%
$= ;d:of / r'gf}tL
PsLs[t e"pkof]u gLltsf] cefjdf b]zsf] ;du| e"ldnfO{ pko'Qm 9+un]
pkof]u u/L clwstd\ nfe xfl;n ug]{ ;Gbe{df ljleGg ;d:ofx? b]vf
k/]sf 5g\ . e"pkof]u ;DaGwL sfo{sf] k|efjsfl/tf cGtlg{sfo ;dGjodf
e/kg]{ x'Fbf ;f]sf] sdLsf sf/0f If]qut gLltx?df ePsf Joj:yfx?sf] /
ljBdfg P]g, sfg'gdf ePsf k|fjwfgx?sf] ;d]t k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . cJojl:yt / clgolGqt zx/Ls/0fsf sf/0f v]tLof]Uo hldgdf
;+sr
' g cfO/x]sf] 5 eg] ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs hUufdfly ljleGg gfddf
cltqmd0f a9b} uPsf] 5 . e"ldsf] ;xL 9+un] pkof]u u/L clwstd nfe
lng ;lsPsf] 5}g . hUufdf eO{/x]sf] clgolGqt v08Ls/0fn] s[lif pTkfbgdf
x|f; cfO/x]sf] 5 . pko'Qm gLltsf] cefjdf s[lifof]Uo hldgsf] u}/ s[lif
k|of]hgdf pkof]u x'g] u/]sf]n] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 x'g g;Sbf
vfB;'/Iffdf k|lts'n k|efj k/]sf] 5 . plNnlvt ;d:ofx? ;dfwfgsf
nflu pko'Qm gLlt th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg cfjZos ePsf] 5 .
o;sf nflu ;DklQsf] ?kdf e"ldsf] pkof]u ug]{ g]kfnL ;dfhdf /x]sf]
df}hb' f ;f]rdf kl/jt{g Nofpg], e"pkof]u ;DaGwdf /fhgLlts OR5fzlQmnfO{
;lqmo u/fpg], e"pkof]u ;DaGwL sfo{qmdnfO{ sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos
;|f]t;fwg tyf ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf] ljsf; Pjd\ lj:tf/ ug]{, cGtlg{sfo
;dGjonfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] nufotsf sfo{x? ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLsf
?kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
%= e"pkof]u gLltsf] cfjZostf
e"pkof]u gLltsf] cfjZostfnfO{ o; k|sf/ pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M
!_
@_
#_
$_
!@^
^_
&_
*_
(_
!@&
e"ld tyf e"ld;|ft] sf] dxQd pkof]usf nflu e"ldsf] juL{s/0f ug],{
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
^=$=@
^=$=#
^=$=$
^=$=%
^=$=^
^=$=&
^=$=*
:ki6Ls/0fM pko'Q
{ m If]qx?sf] kl/efiff tyf If]q lgwf{/0fsf cfwf/ tyf
dfkb08 cg' ; " r L ! df pNn] v eP adf] l hd x' g ] 5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
!@(
&=@=@
&=@=#
&=@=$
&=@=%
&=#=@
&=#=#
&=#=$
!#)
&=$=!
&=$=@
&=$=#
&=%=@=
&=^ e"pkof]u gLltnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ u/L e"pkof]u of]hgf tof/ ug]{
;DaGwdf b]xfosf gLltx? cjnDag ul/g]5M
&=^=!
&=^=@
&=^=#
&=&=@
!#!
&=*=@
!#@
*=!=#
*=!=$
*=!=%
*=!=^
*=@=@
!##
*=@=#
*=@=$
*=@=%
*=@=^
*=@=&
*=@=*
*=@=(
*=#=@
*=#=#
*=#=$
!#%
*=#=%
*=$=@
*=$=#
*=$=$ kxf8L If]qdf x'g] e":vngsf] sf/0f t/fO{ tyf a]zL If]qdf
cfpg] af9L klx/f]af6 x'g] gf]S;fgLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ tL
If]qxsf] klxrfg u/L ;+/If0fsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yf
ldnfOg]5 .
!#^
*=$=%
ef}uf]lns Pj+ kof{j/0fLo ljljwtf sfod /fVg a9\bf] e":vng, e"Ifo tyf pRr hg;+Vof j[l4 / a;fO;/fO{sf
sf/0f hldgdf kl//x]sf] k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{
hf]8 lbOg]5 .
*=$=^
*=$=&
*=$=*
*=%=!
*=%=@
!#&
*=%=$
*=%=%
*=%=^
!#*
*=^=!
*=^=@
*=^=#
*=^=$
*=^=%
*=^=^
*=^=&
*=^=*
*=&=@
*=&=#
*=&=$
!#(
*=&=%
*=*=@
*=*=#
*=*=$
*=*=%
(= ;+:yfut ;+/rgf
e"pkof]u gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|efjsf/L ;+u7g-;+/rgf
cfjZos x'g] ePsf]n] s]Gb|df e"pkof]u kl/ifbsf] u7g / e"pkof]u
Joj:yfkg ljefusf] u7g tyf :yfgLo:t/df lhNnf:t/Lo e"pkof]u
sfof{Gjog ;ldlt / uf=lj=;= jf g=kf= :t/Lo e"pkof]u sfof{Gjog
;ldltsf] u7g ul/g]5 . plNnlvt ;+u7g;+/rgf tyf sfo{ ljj/0f ;DaGwL
!$)
!$!
!$#
-_ jgIf]q
jgIf]q eGgfn] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ?kdf ?v tyf jg:kltn] 9fs]sf],
dfly plNnlvt s'g} If]q cGtu{t gkg]{ ;/sf/L, ;fd'bflos, sj'lnotL,
nufot ;j} k|sf/sf jGo If]q nfO{ hgfpF5 . of] zJbn] s'g} lglZrt
ef}uf]lns If]qdf jg If]q lj:tf/sf] nflu ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/L tf]s]sf]
If]qnfO{ ;d]t hgfpFg]5 .
-r_ ;fj{hlgs pkof]usf] If]q
;fj{hlgs pkof]usf] If]q eGgfn] :s"n, sn]h, 5fqfjf;, wd{zfnf, wfld{s
If]q, cGTo]li6:yn, Ogf/, s'jf, rf}tf/L, kf6L, kf}jf, uf}zfnf, pBfg, a;kfs{,
Po/kf]6{, uf}r/ tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs pkof]usf] nflu lgdf{0f ul/Psf 3/,
6x/f, :yfg tyf tL :yfgn] rr]{sf hUufx?nfO{ hgfpF5 . of] zJbn] s'g}
lglZrt ef}uf]lns If]qdf ;fj{hlgs pkof]usf] If]q egL ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff
u/L tf]s]sf] If]qnfO{ ;d]t hgfpFg]5 .
!=@ e"pkof]usf] If]q lgwf{/0fsf cfwf/ / dfkb08
s_ s[lifIf]q
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|of]udf ePsf] hUufnfO{ s[lifIf]qdf juL{s/0f ul/g]5 .
!= jflif{s ?kdf pTkfbg x'g] vfBfGg jf t]nxg jf sf];j] fnL jf xl/of]
t/sf/L jf ;fu;AhL nufOPsf] hUuf / ;f] hUufsf] l8n, 5]p,
cfnL, sfGnf ;d]tsf hUufx? .
@= vghf]t u/L v]tL nufpg tof/ ul/Psf] hUuf jf vghf]t u/L
tof/ ul/Pdf v]tL nufpg pko'Qm x'g ;Sg] cfjfb nfos ktL{
jf afFemf] hUufx? .
#= afujfgL jf kmnkm"nsf] au}r
+ f jf ;f] sf] g;{/L, km"nsf] au}r
+ f jf
;f] sf] g;{/L, jf ;f] sf] jLh pTkfbg ul/Psf hUufx? Jff d;nfhGo
j:t'x?sf] v]tL jf ;3g v]tL ul/Psf hUufx? .
$= 8fn]3fF; jf kz'cfxf/sf nflu k|of]u ul/g] ?v jf jg:ktLx?
x'sf{OPsf] jf s[lifhGo pkhsf nflu k|of]u x'g] btf{jfnf hUufx? .
%= kz'cfxf/sf nflu 3fF; pTkfbg ul/Psf ;/sf/L / ;fj{hlgs
!$$
jgIf]q jfx]ssf v/jf/L, eL/, sfGnf, 3fF;] d}bfg, r/g If]q tyf
afF; tyf j]tsf] emf8L ePsf hUufx? .
^= ;/sf/L jf ;fj{hlgs vf]nfgfnf, kf]v/L jfx]s v]t tyf kf]v/Ldf
df5f kfng ul/Psf hUufx? .
&= lrof, skmL, pv', s'/Lnf], cld|;f], s]/f h:tf gub]jfnLsf lj?jf
/f]lkPsf jf pTkfbg ul/Psf jf ;f] sf g;{/L ePsf] lghL hUufx? .
*= lghL hUufdf jg k}bfjf/ jf h8La'8L pTkfbg ug]{ p2]Zon]
x'sf{OPsf jg:klt jf hl8a'8L ePsf hUufx? .
(= kz'kfngsf nflu k|of]u ePsf hUuf, ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u
ePsf 3/, 6x/f, 5fk|f jf kz'k|hgg :ynsf] ?kdf k|of]u ePsf
hUufx? .
!)= :yfoL ?kdf l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw ePsf s[lifof]Uo hUufx? .
!!= d'Vo ?kdf s[lif sfo{sf nflu k|of]u ePsf kof{Kt k|fs[lts jg:klt
;lxtsf hUufx? .
!@= s[lifpTkfbgsf] /]vb]v ug{, e08f/ ug{, ;'sfpg tyf k|zf]wg ug{
k|of]u ePsf s'g} klg ef}lts ;+/rgf jf 3/, 6x/f cflb ePsf
hUufx? .
!#= a;f]af;, Jofj;flos If]q jf cGo pkof]u ePsf If]q;Fu hf]l8Psf
ePtf klg lsQfsf] If]qkmn !))) ju{ ld6/ eGbf j9LeO{ v]tL
ul/Psf] jf vghf] t ul/Psf] jf klt{ afF e mf] hUufx? .
!$= Psf:yfgdf ljleGg lsQfx? Hff]l8P/ ! x]S6/ jf ;f] eGbf j9L If]qkmndf
v]tL ul/Psf jf vghf]t ul/Psf jf klt{ afFemf] v]tLof]Uo hUufx? .
v_ a;f]af;If]q
ul/g]5 .
!$%
@= xf]6n
] , u]i6 xfp;, kmf:6km'8, dgf]/~hg :yn, ;fO{j/ Sofkm], /]i6'/G] 6
Sofkm], jf/, l;g]df, lyP6/, sG;6{ xn, a|f]8sf:6 :6'l8of], 8fG;
xn, gfO6 Sna, u]ld P08 UofDaln Sna /x]sf :yn tyf ;f]
k|of]hgsf] nflu pkof]u ePsf 3/ /x]sf hUuf nufotsf k|of]hgsf]
nflu 5'6\ofOPsf hUufx? .
#= lghL If]qjf6 ;+rfng ul/Psf lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;+rf/ cflb ;]jf
pknAw u/fpg] :yn, ;f] k|of]hgdf k|of]u ePsf 3/ / ltgn]
rr]{sf hUufx? .
$= hnfzo, phf{s]Gb| , s]j'nsf/, Uof; / t]n e08f/0f :yn, x'nfs
sfof{no , k|bz{gL sIf, 8"fO{ lSng;{, k]6"f]n kDk cflb /x]sf :yn
/ ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u ePsf 3/ / ltgn] rr]{sf hUufx? .
%= s'g} klg j:t' jf oGq pks/0fsf] dd{t-;Def/ jf ;kmf ul/g] :yn
jf sjf8L e08f/0f ul/Psf :yn, ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ePsf]
3/ / ltgn] rr]{sf hUufx? .
^= x'nfs ;]jf, /]l8of] :6]zg, 6L=eL=:6]zg, b"/;+rf/ cflb /x]sf :yn,
;f] k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ePsf 3/ / ltgn] rr]{sf hUufx? .
&= s'g} klg j:t'sf] e08f/0f ul/Psf] :yn, v'b|f laqmL :yn jf yf]s
laqmL :yn, ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u ePsf 3/ / ltgn] rr]{sf
hUufx? .
*= ljleGg Jofj;flos ;]jf, k/fdz{ ;]jf, k|fs[lts :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfg
ul/g] :yn jf lhd xfp; ;+rfng ePsf :yn, ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu
k|of]u ePsf 3/ / ltgn] rr]{sf hUufx? .
(= s'g} Ps Jofj;flos k|sl[ tsf] ;]jf ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 3/ / ;f] 3/n]
rr]{sf] hUuf .
!)= s'g} Jofj;flos lqmofsnfk ;+rfng gePsf] ePtfklg ;f] sf]
k"jf{wf/ ;d]t pknAw ePsf] / ;f] 3/ jf hUuf /x]sf] :yfgjf6
!)) dL= sf] cw{Jof;df sl/j %) Jofj;flos sf/f]jf/ /x]sf] :yn,
;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u ePsf 3/ / ltgn] rr]{sf hUufx? .
!!= ;/sf/L ;]jf k|bfg ug{ :yfkgf ul/Psf sfof{nox? tyf ltgn]
rr]{sf hUuf jf eljiodf lgdf{0fsf] nflu 5'fOPsf hUufx? .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
!$&
!= s'g} klg sRrf kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u jf js{;k /x]sf] :yn,
;f] k|of]hgsf nflu lgdf{0f ePsf 3/ jf 6x/f tyf pBf]u ;+rfngsf]
nflu k|of]u ePsf] hUufx? .
@= s'g} klg vlgh kbfy{ pTkfbg, k|zf]wg ug]{ pBf]u /x]sf] If]q, ;f]xL
k|of]hgdf k|of]u ePsf] 3/, 6x/f tyf pBf]u ;+rfngsf] nflu
k| o f] u df cfPsf] hUuf jf vfgL ;+ r fng ePsf] hUuf .
#= kfgL k|zf]wg :yn, kfgL tfGg] kDk;]6 /x]sf] 3/ / ;f] 3/n] rr]s
{ f]
hUuf .
$= sf]On{ f, wft' tyf cGo j:t'x?sf] k|zf]wg :yn /x]sf hUuf, ;f] k|of]hgsf]
nflu k| o f] u ePsf ejg tyf ;f] ejgn] rr] { s f hUufx? .
%= vfBfGg k|zf]wg, k]o kbfy{ pTkfbg, ;'tL{hGo kbfy{ tyf k|zf]wg
:yn tyf ;f] k| o f] h gsf nflu 5' 6 \ o fOPsf hUufx? .
^= /;fog tyf ;f]sf] ;+of]hgaf6 ljleGg lsl;dsf kbfy{x?sf] pTkfbg
:yn tyf ;f] k| o f] h gsf] nflu 5' 6 \ o fOPsf hUufx? .
&= df]6/uf8Lx?sf] lgdf{0f tyf dd{t :yn, kmnfd tyf wft'hGo
kbfy{af6 lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L pTkfbg :yn tyf ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu
5'6\ofOPsf hUufx? .
*= sk8f tyf kf]zfs pTkfbg :yn tyf ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu 5'6o\ fOPsf]
hUuf .
!$*
!$(
!%)
cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o;lrj
!%!
cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o;lrj
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
!%#
!%$
!%%
s]Gb|x l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no ;d]tsf] sfd ug]{ u/L lqmoflzn /x]sf
5g\ . ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{gdf k|efjsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^( ;fn h]i7 % ut] ;xsf/L tyf ul/aL lgjf/0f
dGqfnosf] :yfkgf ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;~rfng /
Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;xsf/L ljefuaf6 dfkb08 hf/L u/L
;f]sf] cfwf/df l;ldt ?kdf ePklg cg'udg tyf lgodg ug]{ ul/Psf]
5 . ;xsf/L dfkm{t art kl/rfng tyf nufgL clej[l4 ub}{ ;xsf/LnfO{
d'n'ssf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ dfWod
agfpg] Pj+ ul/jL lgjf/0f, /f]huf/L l;h{gf tyf u|fdL0f ljsf;df ;xsf/LnfO{
k|fyldstfsf ;fy cl3 a9fpg] nIo ;lxt ;xsf/L ;DaGwL ljljw
sfo{qmdx? th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 .
$= ;d:of tyf r'gf}tLx?
;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu ljutdf w]/} k|of;x ul/Psf]
ePtf klg ck]lIft pknlAw xfl;n x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . /fli6o ;xsf/L
gLltsf] th'{df x'g g;Sbf ;xsf/L If]qsf] ax'cfoflds ljsf;sf nflu
:ki6 dfu{ lrqsf] cefj /x]sf] lyof] . k|rlnt ;xsf/L P]gdf ;do ;fk]If
kl/dfh{g x'g g;s]sf]n] ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfxsf] btf{, ;~rfng, cg'udg
/ lgodg;DaGwL sfo{xdf k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . :jMlgodgsf]
cEof;sf nflu xfnsf Joj:yfx? k|efjsf/L gePsf]n] ;xsf/Ldf ;'zf;g
;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . ljQLo sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?
/ ;xsf/L a}+ssf nflu :ki6 sfg"gL Joj:yf x'g g;Sbf ;xsf/L dfkm{t
x'g] ljQLo sf/f]jf/nfO{ Jojl:yt, ;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ agfpg sl7gfO{ ePsf]
5 . d'n'sdf ;xsf/Lsf] k|j4{gsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ cf}krfl/s ;xsf/L
lzIff, tflnd tyf Jojl:yt ;xsf/L ;"rgf k|0ffnLsf] pko'Qm ljsf; x'g
afFsL g} 5 . ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ lbOg] cg'bfg, C0f / s/ 5'6sf ;'ljwfxsf
ljifodf gLltut :ki6tfsf] vfFrf] 5 . pTkfbgzLn If]qx?df ;xsf/Lsf]
of]ubfg a9fpg g;Sbf :j/f]huf/d"ns jftfj/0f l;h{gf x'g g;sL >d
zlQm tyf k|ltefx? knfog x'g] qmd Go"g ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . If]qut gLlt
/ sfo{qmdx?sf] cefjdf t'ngfTds nfesf pBf]u Joj;fox?df ;xsf/L
k4ltsf] pkof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;xsf/L If]qsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/sf nflu
k|zf;lgs lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf] ;xsf/L ljefusf] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . xfn klg #& lhNnfx?df ;xsf/L sfof{nox?sf] :yfkgf
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
!%&
gePsf]n] To; e]usf hgtfx?nfO{ ;xsf/L ;DaGwL /fHo k|bQ ;]jf k|fKt
ug{ sl7gfO{ eO/x]sf] 5 . ;xsf/Lsf ljleGg txsf ;+3xn] ;xsf/L
If]qsf] ljsf;, Joj:yfkg / Joj;fonfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ sfddf k|efjsf/L
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
%= ;xsf/L gLltsf] cfjZostf
g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# n] cfly{s ljsf;sf] gLlt cjnDag ug{]
;Gbe{df ;xsf/L If]qsf] e"ldsfnfO{ cToGt} dxTj lbPsf] 5 . ;xsf/L
If]qnfO{ /fli6o ljsf;sf tLg cfwf/ :tDe dWo] Pssf] kdf /fHof/f
' df ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|j4{gsf nflu
:jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . d'ns
k|f/lDes txb]lv /fli6o tx;Ddsf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f eO;s]sf]
5 . s[lif, ljQ, :jf:Yo, lzIff, oftfoft, ;~rf/, ljB't, cfjf;, ko{6g,
jLdf h:tf If]qxdf ;xsf/L k4ltaf6 pBf]u Joj;fo ug]{ cfsif{0f a9\b}
uPsf] 5 . u|fdL0f If]qsf nlIft ;d'bfosf cgf}krfl/s ;d"xx? ;xsf/L
k|lt cfslif{t x'g' ;xsf/L If]qsf] pknlAwsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . ;xsf/L
dfkm{t b]zsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;df of]ubfg k'ofpg /fli6o
tyf cGt/f{li6o lgsfox?sf] ;xof]u kl/rfng x'g] oy]i6 ;Defjgf klg
5 . ;fdflhs PsLs/0f, ul/aL Go"gLs/0f, pTkfbgzLn /f]huf/Lsf] l;h{gf,
dof{lbt Pj+ ;sf/fTds >d ;DaGw, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, ;dtfd"ns ;dfj]zL
;dfhsf] lgdf{0f, pBdzLntfsf] ljsf;, :jR5 / k|lt:kwL{ Jofj;flos
jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf, pTkfbgdf a[l4 h:tf pknAwL xfl;n u/L b]zsf]
;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;df ;xsf/L If]qaf6 of]ubfg k'ofpg pBf]u
Joj;fodf ;xsf/Lsf] Jojxfl/s k|of]usf nflu /fli6o ;xsf/L gLltsf]
ckl/xfo{tf dxz"; ul/Psf] 5 . o;} k[i7e"lddf g]kfnsf] ;xsf/L If]qsf]
ljsf;sf] nflu of] /fli6o ;xsf/L gLlt, @)^( th'{df ul/Psf] xf] .
^= b'/ b[li6 (Vision):
d'n'ssf] lbuf] / ;dtfd"ns cfly{s ljsf; tyf cu|ufdL ;fdflhs
?kfGt/0fsf nflu ;jn / ;Ifd ;xsf/L k|0ffnL .
&= bL3{sfnLg nIo (Long-term Goal):
:yflgo >d, ;Lk / k"h
F LnfO{ clwstd ?kdf kl/rfng ug]{ u/L ;xsf/LnfO{
cy{tGqsf] Ps ;jn :tDesf] kdf ljsl;t ub}{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs
ljsf;sf] /fli6o nIodf of]ubfg k'ofpg] .
!%*
*= p2]Zox? (Objectives):
*=!
*=@
s[lif If]q nufot cGo pTkfbg tyf ;]jfdf cfwfl/t ;a} k|sf/sf
Joj;fodf ;xsf/LnfO{ lqmofzLn t'Nofpg] .
*=#
*=$ ;xsf/L k|al4{t pBf]u Joj;fosf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ ub}{ ;xsf/L
If] q nfO{ k| e fjsf/L, k| l t:kwL{ Pj+ u' 0 f:t/Lo agfpg] .
*=%
*=^
*=&
(= gLltx? (Policies)
(=! lzIff, tflnd / ;"rgfsf] dfWodaf6 ;xsf/Lsf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf
ljsf; / ;xsf/L;DaGwL hgr]tgf clea[l4 ug]{ ;DaGwdf
b]xfosf gLltx? cjnDag ul/g] 5 M
(=!=!= ;xsf/Lsf] d"No / l;4fGtxnfO{ cg';/0f ug{ u/fpg ;a}
;xsf/L ;+ 3 ;+ : yfx?nfO{ clek| ] l /t ul/g] 5 .
(=!=@= ;xsf/L lzIff, tflnd / ;"rgfnfO{ Jofks / k|efjsf/L
agfpg ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf ;xsf/L ;+3
;+ : yfx?nfO{ k| e fjsf/L 9+ u n] kl/rfng ul/g] 5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
!%(
!^!
!^@
!^#
!^$
!^%
(=&=% ;]jf / pTkfbgsf] k|sl[ tsf] cfwf/df ljifout ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] u7g
/ ;~rfngnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg x'g] u/L ;+3 ;+:yf btf{ ;DaGwL k|fawfgx?
:ki6 ul/g] 5 .
!)= /0fgLlt tyf sfo{gLltx? (Strategies & Working Policies):
!)=!
!^^
!^&
!)=#=@
!^(
!&!
!&@
!&#
!&%
!&&
!&(
cg';"rL !
;xsf/L dfk{mt ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] pBf]u Joj;fox? M
-s_ s[lif pTkfbg, e08f/0f, k|zf]wg, ljt/0f, ahfl/s/0f tyf s[lif ;fdfu|Lsf]
cfk"lt{ .
-v_ Joj;flos kz'kfng tyf kz'hGo pBf]u Joj;fox? .
-u_ jghGo pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg pBf]ux? / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DaGwL
pBf]ux? .
-3_ ljBfnosf] :yfkgf tyf Joj:yfkg, Jofj;flos tyf ;Lkd"ns k|lzIf0f
s]Gb| :yfkgf / Joj:yfkg, / k/fdz{ ;]jf .
-_ c:ktfn, ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo ;]jf, cf}iflw tyf :jf:Yo pks/0f pTkfbg
tyf ljqmL / :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt cGo pBf]u Joj;fox? .
-r_ ko{6g pBf]u Joj;fox? .
-5_ ;~rf/ tyf k|lalwsf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ tyf k|;f/0f .
-h_ art tyf C0f Pj+ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;]jf .
-dm_ oftfoft tyf 9'jfgL ;]jf .
-`_ hUuf tyf cfjf; ljsf; .
-6_ >lds :jfldTjsf pBf]u Joj;fox? .
-7_ pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L
-8_ phf{ pTkfbg, k|zf/0f / ljt/0f .
-9_ ljdf Joj;fo .
-0f_ v'b|f tyf yf]s k;nx? .
-t_ h8La'6L v]tL, k|zf]wg / ahfl/s/0f .
-y_ ;Lkd"ns 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux? .
-b_ ;DefJotfsf cfwf/df cGo pBf]u Joj;fox? .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
!*!
Jofkf/ If]qsf] lj:tf/ Pj+ Jofkf/ k|lqmof ;xhLs/0f / gofF kf/jxg k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf;h:tf ljifox ;d]6\g ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . lgsf;L Jofkf/nfO{ cu|ult
lbg :oflg6/L tyf kmfO6f] :oflg6/L pkfox, Jofkf/ ;~rfngdf b]lvg]
k|fljlws cj/f]w (TBT) Go"g ug]h
{ :tf ljifox dxTjk"0f{ b]lvG5 . pko'Q
{ m
kl/k|I] o / ahf/ kx'r
F sf] cj;/df ePsf] lj:tf/af6 d'ns
' n] kmfObf lng;d]t
jfl0fHo gLltdf ;du| kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 .
d'n'sdf ljBdfg j:t' tyf;]jfsf] cfk"lt{hGo sl7gfO (Supply Side
Constraints) / ahf/ kx'r
F df b]lvPsf k|fljlws cj/f]wsf] sf/0f lgsf;L
Ifdtfdf cfPsf] x|f;nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ h?/L 5 . o;sf nflu lgof{thGo
pBf]usf] pTkfbg k|ljlw, k|lqmof Pj+ u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ u/L ax'kIfLo tyf
If]qLo Jofkf/ ;Demf}tfx tyf ljsl;t tyf ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zxaf6 clt
sd ljsl;t /fi6n] kfpg] ljz]if ;'ljwf Pj+ nfesf] clwstd ;b'kof]u
ug{ h?/L 5 .
ljZj ahf/df g]kfnsf] lgof{tn] cToGt ;fgf] lx:;f cf]u6]sf] /
b]zsf] s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgdf j:t' lgof{tsf] lx:;f * k|ltzt / cfoftsf]
lx:;f @^ k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf /x]af6 Jofkf/ 3f6fsf] l:ylt a9\b} uPsf]
:ki6 b]lvG5 . ljut s]xL jif{ otf j}b]lzs ;xof]udf C0fsf] c+z a9\b}
uPsf] sf/0faf6 klg :jtGq cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0fdf sl7gfO pTkGg x'bF } uPsf]
5 . g]kfnn] cfufdL jif{xdf b'O{ c+ssf] cfly{s j[l4 ug]{ nIo /fv]sf]
sf/0faf6 klg lgof{t lgb]l{ zt j[l4 / lgof{tn] cfoftsf] pNn]Vo c+z wfGg
;Sg] t'Nofpg Pj+ lgof{tnfO{ ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] k|of;;Fu cfa4 u/L ;dfj]zL
agfpg cfjZos 5 . ljZj Jofkf/df l;h{gf ePsf] ultzLntf cg'k
j:t' tyf ;]jf Joj;fo / af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/df l;h{gf ePsf
cj;/xsf] kmfObfsf] pkof]u u/L cf;Gg r'gf}tLxnfO{ ;fdgf ub}{
cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/ lj:tf/ ug{ gofF, lj:t[t / km/flsnf] ;f]r;lxtsf] jfl0fHo
gLlt cfhsf] cfjZostf ePsf] 5 . o;cg'k lgsf;L If]qsf] lj:tf/nfO{
Jofkf/ gLltsf] k|dv
' cfwf/ agfO{ abln+bf] cfGtl/s kl/l:ylt tyf cGt/f{li6o
Jofkfl/s kl/j]znfO{ Wofgdf /fvL g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ ljsf;nfO{ lbuf] t'Nofpg]
;f]rsf ;fy o; jfl0fHo gLltsf] th'{df ul/Psf] 5 .
!= d"n p2]Zo
/fli6o cy{tGqdf jfl0fHo If]qsf] of]ubfg a9fO{ cfly{s ljsf; /
ul/aL lgjf/0fdf ;xof]u k'ofpg] .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
!*#
@= p2]Zo
@=!
@=@ cfoftnfO{ lgof{t Jofkf/ j[l4tkm{ cfa4 u/L ljZj ahf/df d"No
clej[l4o'Qm j:t'sf] lgsf;L a9fO{ Jofkf/ 3f6f sd ug]{ .
@=#
j:t' tyf ;]jf Jofkf/nfO{ k|lt:kwL{ Pj+ ;'b[9 agfO{ cfo tyf
/f]huf/Lsf cj;/ a9fpg] / ul/aL 36fpg ;xof]u k'ofpg]
dfWodsf] kdf pkof]u ug]{ .
!*$
-u_
-3_
-_
#=@
#=#
-v_
-u_
-u_
-v_
!*%
$=!=! gLlt
!*^
!_
@_
#_
$_
%_
^_
&_
*_
(_
$=!=@ sfo{gLlt
!_
@_
#_
$_
%_
!*&
^_
&_
*_
(_
!**
!_
@_
#_
%_
-^_
$=@=@ sfo{gLlt
!_
@_
#_
!*(
$_
%_
^_
&_
*_
@_
#_
$_
l5d]sL d'ns
' xaLrsf] :ynut Jofkf/af6 ;d'lrt
nfe k|fKt ug{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; tyf
;'wf/sf nflu kxn ul/g]5 .
%_
^_
$=#=@ sfo{gLlt
!_
@_
#_
!(!
%_
^_
&_
$=$ af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f /tyf ;]jf lgsf;L clej[l[ 4sf
nflu gLltut tyf ;+ : + : yfut ;+ / + / rgf tof/ ug] {
$=$=! gLlt
!_
@_
$=$=@ sfo{gLlt
!_
!(@
@_
#_
$_
%_
^_
!(#
@_
#_
$_
%_
^_
&_
*_
(_
$=%=@ sfo{gLlt
!_
!($
@_
k|dv
' lgsf;LhGo j:t'xsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ / j:t'
ljsf; tyf ljljwLs/0f ug{ lghL If]q;Fusf] ;xsfo{df
PsLs[ t k| f ljlws ;+ : yfsf] :yfkgf ul/g] 5 .
#_
$_
%_
^_
&_
*_
!(%
@_
#_
$=^=@ sfo{gLlt
!(^
!_
@_
@_
$=&=@ sfo{gLlt
!_
@_
#_
$_
!(&
%_
^_
@_
$=*=@ sfo{gLlt
!(*
!_
@_
#_
$_
%_
$=( ;]jf Jofkf/ k|j4{g u/L cfo / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/df j[l4 ug]{
$=(=! gLlt
!_
@_
#_
$=(=@ sfo{gLlt
!_
@_
#_
$_
!((
%_
^_
$=!)=! gLlt
!_
@_
$=!)=@ sfo{gLlt
@))
!_
@_
#_
@_
$=!!=@ sfo{gLlt
!_
@_
#_
@)!
$_
%_
@_
#_
$=!# :jb]zleq} vkt x'g] u/L pTkfbg ul/Psf j:t' jf ;]jfsf] lj:tf/
u/L lgof{t ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{
$=!#=! gLlt tyf sfo{gLlt
!_
@_
#_
%= ;+:yfut Joj:yf
%=!= af]8{ ckm 6]8
(Board of Trade)
cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
(FNCCI)
;b:o
;b:o
(CNI)
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o;lrj
@)#
%=!=@ af]8n
{ ] s'g} JolQm jf lj1nfO{ a}7sdf efu lng cfdGq0f
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L af]8s
{ f]
;b:oxsf] yk36 x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . af]8{sf] a}7s
sDtLdf b'O{ dlxgfdf Ps k6s a:g]5 / a}7s;DaGwL
cGo sfo{ l jlw af] 8 { n ] to u/] a df] l hd x' g ] 5 .
%=!=# af]8{sf] d'Vo sfd jfl0fHo gLltsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;dGjo
ug]{, gLlt kl/dfh{gsf] nflu ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ /
v'nf tyf pbf/ Jofkf/ gLlt sfof{Gjogdf k/]sf] afwfJojwfg
x6fpg ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg] x'g]5 .
%=!=$ lgsf;L k}7f/L Jofkf/ sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf afwfJojwfgx
;'Nemfpg lg0f{o ug]{ .
%=!=% Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0fsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ cGo sfo{x
ug]{ .
%=@ Jofkf/ k| j 4{ g k| l ti7fg
@)%
Sanitary &
/ Trade
in Services ;DaGwL ;"rgf k|jfx / ;f]wk'5;DaGwL
ljBdfg National Inquiry Point xnfO{ ;' b [ 9
agfOg]5 . jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnon] To:tf Inquiry
Point xsf] ;dGjo ug]{5 .
Phytosanitary, Technical Barriers to Trade
@)^
@)&
@)(
@!!
@!#
@!%
@!&
*=@=$= bfn
*=@=$=! pGgt aLp / ljsl;t pTkfbg k|ljlwsf] Joj:yfaf6
pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{ s[lif tyf ;xsf/L
dGqfnodfkm{t bfn afnLsf] ljsf;;DaGwL ljz]if
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
*=@=$=@ pTkfbg tyf lgof{t nIo tf]sL ;DalGwt ;]jfd"ns
;+:yfxsf] ;xof]uaf6 bfn afnL ljsf;sf nflu
cfjZos k|fljlws ;]jf, tflnd tyf aLpljhgx
pknAw u/fOg]5 .
*=@=$=# :jf:Yo k|df0fkq hf/L ug]{ :yflkt k|of]uzfnfsf]
Ifdtf lj:tf/ u/L cGt/f{li6o dfGotf lbnfpg
k|of; ul/g]5 .
*=@=$=$ cGt/f{li6o ahf/df k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtfsf] ljsf;
ug{sf nflu Sanitary and Phytosanitary
k|df0fLs/0f Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L t'NofOg]5 .
*=@=%= k'ik Joj;fo
*=@=%=! pTkfbg tyf ahf/ dfuaLr ;dGjo u/L lgof{tof]Uo
k'ik pTkfbg ug{ cfjZos la?jf, k"FhL, k|ljlw /
tflndsf] Joj:yfaf6 k'ik Joj;fosf] ljsf;
ul/g]5 .
*=@=%=@ lgof{tof]Uo k'ik Joj;fosf] ljsf;sf nflu k'ik Joj;fo
If] q klxrfg u/L pTkfbg k| f ] T ;flxt ul/g] 5 .
*=@=%=# cGt/f{li6o ahf/ k|j]zsf nflu ahf/ cWoog,
k|j4{g, ;+j]i6g tyf kl/jxgsf] sfo{df ;xof]u
k'ofOg]5 .
*=@=%=$ lgof{t x'g] hftsf km"nxsf] u'0f:t/sf kIfdf
ljZj;gLotf a9fpg cGt/f{li6o k|rngcg';f/sf]
u'0f:t/Lo k|0ffnL ckgfO{ k|df0fLs/0fsf] Joj:yf
ul/g]5 .
@!*
@!(
k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
*=@=&=# k"0f{ k|zf]lwt 5fnf tof/L ug{ cfjZos d]l;g/L
/ k|ljlwdf ;xof]u k'ofOg]5 .
*=@=&=$ cGt/f{li6o ahf/ kx'Frsf] nflu k|efjsf/L ahf/
k|j4{g sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
*=@=&=% 5fnf k|zf]wgdf j}b]lzs nufgLnfO{ k|f]T;flxt
ul/g]5 .
*=@=&=^ d]l;g/L tyf pks/0fsf] k}7f/L ug{ ;/n Aofhdf
C0f ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
*=@=&=& cw{kz
| f]lwt 5fnfnfO{ k"0f{ k|zf]lwt ug{ Common
Facility Centre sf] :yfkgf u/L ;'ljwf pknAw
u/fOg]5 .
*=@=*= cb'jf;'7f]
*=@=*=! u'0f:t/Lo ;'7f]sf] pTkfbgsf] nflu pko'Qm hftsf]
cb'jf v]tL pTkfbg lj:tf/df ;DalGwt lgsfosf]
;xof]udf ks]6 If]q lgwf{/0f u/L k"h
F L, k|ljlw tyf
aLpsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
*=@=*=@ pTkflbt cb'jfsf] nflu ahf/ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
*=@=*=# cb'jfsf] pTkfbg ljljwLs/0f u/L cGt/f{li6o ahf/
k|j]z ug{ k|df0fLs/0f Joj:yf tyf k|j4{gfTds
sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g]5 .
*=@=*=$ Jofj;flos Pj+ pGgt cb'jf v]tLsf] nflu
pTkfbgb]lv laqmL k|j4{g ug];
{ Ddsf ljljw kIfdf
tflnd k|bfg ul/g]5 .
*=@=*=% cb'jfdf cfwfl/t lgof{t j:t'sf] z'4Ls/0f /
9'jfgLdf ;xof]u k'ofOg]5 .
*=@=(= h8La'6L tyf ;f/o'Qm t]n
*=@=(=! h8La'6L pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wgdf ;'ljwfo'Qm k/LIf0f
k|of]uzfnfsf] ljsf; u/L k/LIf0f tyf k|df0fLs/0f
@@)
@@!
ul/g]5 .
*=@=!$=@ lgof{tof]Uo h'gf/sf] ;+ji] 7gdf cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u
ug{sf ;fy} 9'jfgL nfutdf ;x'lnot k'ofOg]5 .
@@#
@@$
g]kfn ;/sf/ -d+=k=_ af6 :jLs[t ldltM @)^&.!).# -!& hgj/L @)!!_
! k[i7e"ld
hnjfo' kl/jt{g lgoldt k|fs[lts k|ls|of ePtfklg cf}Bf]lusLs/0f tyf
oftfoft If]qdf vlgh OGwgsf] Jofks k|of]u Pjd\ jg ljgfzsf] sf/0f
xl/tu[x UofF;sf] cTolws pT;h{gaf6 hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf tLj|tf cfPsf]
5 . j}1flgs cWoog tyf hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL cGt/;/sf/L d~r
-Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC_ sf]
k|ltj]bgaf6 hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf Jofkstf cfPsf] k'li6 ePkl5 ;+o'Qm
/fi6;+3sf] ;fwf/0f ;efn] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ljZjJofkL ;d:ofnfO{
;Daf]wg ug{ cGt/f{li6o sfg'gL ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ cfXjfg uof] . ;f]
adf]lhd cGt/;/sf/L jftf{ ;ldltsf] kxndf ;g\ !((@ sf] d] dlxgfdf
hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6;+3Lo ;+/rgf dxf;lGw -United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change_ tof/
eof] . ;g\ !((@ sf] h'g dlxgfdf a|flhnsf] l/of] b h]g]l/of]df ;DkGg
jftfj/0f / ljsf; ;DaGwL ;+oQ' m /fi6;3+ Lo ;Dd]ngsf] ;dodf x:tfIf/
ug{sf] nflu of] dxf;lGw v'nf eof] . g]kfnn] !@ h'g !((@ sf lbg
o; dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ u/L] ;g\ !(($ b]lv g]kfn kIf ePsf] 5 .
;g\ @))& df cfO{=kL=;L=;L af6 k|sflzt rf}yf] d"Nof\sg k|ltj]bgn]
dfgjLo ls|ofsnfksf] sf/0f hnjfo' kl/jt{g tLj|ultdf eO/x]sf] tYo
k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 . xl/tu[x UofF;sf] pT;h{gdf j[l4 e}] jfo'd08n tflt+b}
hfgfn] :yfg ljz]if cg'?k hnjfo' klg kl/jt{g x'bF+ } uPsf] 5 . hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f jiff{ k|s[of -cltj[li6, cgfj[li6, ;3g j[li6_ tyf
Ct'sfndf ;d]t kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . o;af6 hn;|f]t, s[lif, jg tyf
h}ljs ljljwtf, :jf:Yo, k|sf]k, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, ko{6g tyf hLljsf]kfh{g;+u
;DalGwt ljleGg If]qdf k|ToIf tyf ck|ToIf k|efj k/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{
dWogh/ /fvL ;f] dxf;lGwsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogaf6 hnjfo'[ kl/jt{gsf]
sf/0f kl//x]sf] tyf kg{ ;Sg] k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ Go"g ug{ cfh ljZj
;d'bfo ls|ofzLn /x]sf] 5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
@@%
@@&
;d:of
hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 kl//x]sf tyf kg{ ;Sg] k|efj ;DaGwL cWoog
g]kfndf cToGt} sd ePsf]n] s'g ef}uf]lns If]qdf, s] s'g k|sf/sf],
slt kl/df0fdf s'g If]q -;]S6/_ df k|efj k/]sf] 5 j}1flgs
d"Nof\sg ug{ cem} afFsL 5 . dfgjLo tyf cfly{s ;|ft] sf] Go"gtf
Pjd\ pko'Qm pks/0fsf] cefjn] hnjfo' k|f?kLs/0f -Climate
] nufotsf
Modeling_, lxdfnb]lv t/fO{ dw]z If]q;Ddsf hn;|ft
k|fs[lts ;|ft] df k/]sf] / kg{ ;Sg] k|efj Pjd\ cfly{s ls|ofsnfksf
cGo If]qdf k/]sf] k|efjsf] d"Nof\sg h:tf sfo{x? cfzfltt\
?kdf cufl8 a9\g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . lxdung tyf lxdtfnkm'6g]
eofjx l:yltsf] lj:t[t cWoog, ;j]I{ f0f, cg'udg x'g cem} afFsL
5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f s[lif, hn;|f]t, jg tyf h}ljs
ljljwtf, hg:jf:Yo, ko{6g cflb If]qdf k/]sf] k|lts"n k|efjsf]
lj:t[t n]vfhf]vf x'g cem} afFsL 5 . o;}u/L hnjfo' kl/jt{g
tyf To;;+u ;Da4 k|efjx? x6fpg] jf 36fpg] Pjd\ cg'sn
" gsf
nflu pko'Qm k|ljlw ljsf; tyf hf]lvd Pjd\ k|sf]k;+u h'Wg]
k"jt{ of/Lsf sfo{qmdx? ;d]t ;~rfng x'g jfFsL 5g\ . ;dli6df,
hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf] k|fjwfg / kIf /fi6x?sf]
;Dd]ngn] u/]sf lg0f{ox? nufot cg's"ng, k|efj Go"gLs/0f,
cfly{s ;|f]t, k|ljlw ljsf; Pjd\ x:tfGt/0f, Ifdtf clea[l4,
hnjfo' ;dfg'sn
" g h:tf cjojx?nfO{ ;d]6L hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf
k|efjnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] k|efjsf/L vfsf lgdf{0f x'g g;Sg' cfhsf]
k|d'v ;d:of /x]sf] 5 . ljZjJofkL d'Vo ;jfnsf] ?kdf /x]sf]
hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] sf]0faf6 x]g{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
ePsf] lgsfosf] klg cefj 5 .
@@(
$=@ r'gf}lt
@#)
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_
-5_
-h_
/fli6o cg'sn
" g sfo{qmdnfO{ ljsf; Ph]08fsf] ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf
Nofpg / hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;j} k|sf/sf :ynut sfo{qmdx?
sfof{Gjog ubf{ s"n jh]6sf] Go"gtd *) k|ltzt eGbf a9L
/sd :yfgLo :t/df k'ofpg .
-3_
-_
-r_ :jR5 tyf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ljsf;, sfj{g Aofkf/ tyf hnjfo'
kl/jt{g Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL ;+oGqx?af6 yk k|fljlws Pjd\
cfly{s ;|ft] h'6fpg . ctM hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 pknAw cj;/sf]
pkof]u u/L ul/jL Go"gLs/0f tyf lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo k"/f ug{
/fli6o gLlt th'd
{ f u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' cTofjZos ePsf]
5.
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
@#!
%=!
@##
&=^
@#%
@#&
*=$=^
*=$=&
*=$=*
*=$=(
@#(
@$)
@$!
@$#
!$= hf]lvd
hnjfo' kl/jt{g / To;sf r'gf}ltx? xfn 68sf/f] ?kdf b]vf kg{
yfn]sf] / o;af6 ljleGg If]qx? h:t} hn;|f]t, s[lif tyf vfBfGg,
jg tyf h}ljs ljljwtf, ef}lts k"jf{wf/, hg:jf:Yo / ko{6g nufot
hLljsf]kfh{gsf ;+;fwgx? cTolws dfqfdf k|efljt x'Fb} uO/x]sf
5g\ . o; gLltnfO{ PsLs[t / ;dGjofTds 9\un] sfof{Gjog ubf{
lgDgfg';f/sf hf]lvd x'g ;S5g\ .
= ;fd'bflos hnjfo' cg'sn
" g tyf Go"gLs/0fsf] pkfox?sf] klxrfg,
sfo{qmd th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogn] /fli6o tyf :yfgLo:t/df
k|fyldstf gkfpg' .
= e/kbf]{ hfgsf/L / ;"rgf nufot If]qut tyf ljifout ;"rgf
pknAw u/fpg] ;+oGq gx'g' .
= gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;dGjosf] cefj x'gs
' f]
;fy} cfjZos k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;|ft] h'6fpg g;Sg', k|ljlw
ljsf; / pkof]u tyf cfjZos hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf a9fpg
k|fyldstf gkfpg' .
= gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos sfg'gL Joj:yf x'g g;Sg' .
= sfo{qmd th'd
{ f tyf sfof{Gjogdf ;DalGwt /fli6o tyf :yfgLo
;/sf/, lghL If]q, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf Pj+ pkef]Qmf ;d"xx?sf]
tTk/tf, ;xof]u / ;+nUgtf g/xg' .
= hnjfo' cg'sn
" g tyf Ifdtf clea[l4sf sfo{x? nlIft ;d"xdf
k'Ug g;Sg' .
= hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf] s]Gb| ljGb' ty ;DalGwt
lgsfox?sf] Ifdtf j[l4 gx'g' .
= jt{dfg ;DalGwt ;+:yfx?aLr cfjZos ;dGjo x'g g;Sg' .
dfly plNnlvt hf]lvdx? Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] b]lvPsf]n] o; hnjfo'
kl/jt{g gLltnfO{ ljBdfg OR5fzlQm Pjd\ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltj4tf
cg'?k sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg ;lsg] b]lvPsf] 5 .
!%= vf/]hL
of] gofF gLlt ePsf] .
@$$
@$%
@$&
@$(
@%)
p2]Zo &=@ ;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt -&=@ :yfgLo ;|f]t, sRrf kbfy{, ;Lk
/ ;fwgsf] kl/rfng u/L ;Gt'lnt If]qLo ljsf;df pBf]u If]qsf]
of]ubfg a9fpg] ._
*=^ :yfgLo ;|f]t / sRrf kbfy{, ;Lk, >d / k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ug]{
pBf]usf] k|j4{g ug{ ljz]if hf]8 lbOg]5 .
*=& k|lt:kwf{Tds nfe / t'ngfTds kmfObf ePsf If]qsf] klxrfg
Pj+ pkof]u u/L cf}Bf]lus cfwf/nfO{ alnof] / lbuf] agfOg]5 .
*=* /fli6o pBf]ux?sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu g]kfndf sDtLdf #) k|ltzt
d"No clej[l4 ePsf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg ;/sf/L tyf ;/sf/L :jfldTj
ePsf] ;+:yfn] vl/b ug]{ u/L k|f]T;fxgsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
p2]Zo &=# ;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt -&=# gljgtd k|ljlw Pjd\ jftfj/0fd}qL
pTkfbg k|s[ofnfO{ k|of]u u/L pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ lbuf] Pjd\ e/kbf]{
If]qsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ ._
*=( cfg} k|of;df jftfj/0f d}qL k|ljlw Pjd\ phf{ jrt ug]{
pBf] u x?nfO{ k| f ljlws / cfly{ s ;xof] u k' ofOg] 5 .
*=!) xl/t pBf]usf] k|j4{g tyf :yflkt pBf]ux?nfO{ k|b"if0fd'Qm /
z'Go sfj{go'Qm t'Nofpg ljz]if pkfo cjnDjg ul/g]5 .
p2]Zo &=$ ;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt -&=$ cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos
pTkfbgzLn hgzlQm tyf Joj:yfksLo Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ub}{ ;jn
nufgLsf] cfwf/ v8f u/L g]kfnnfO{ ;fs{ If]q tyf ljZjs} cfsif{s
nufgL:ynsf] ?kdf :yflkt ul/g]5 ._
*=!! :j/f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ ;[hgf ug{ pBf]u Joj;fodf l;h{gl;n
o'jf k|ltefnfO{ cfslif{t ug{ cf}Bf]lus ;Lk, pBdlzntf ljsf;
tyf s'zn cf}Bf]lus Joj:yfkgsf nflu Ifdtf clej[l4sf
lqmofsnfknfO{ cleofgsf ?kdf ;+ r fng ul/g] 5 .
*=!@ ;dli6ut cfly{s gLlt, /fhZj gLlt, :yfgLo s/ / cGo If]qut
gLlt lgdf{0f tyf kl/dfh{g ubf{ cf}Bf]lus gLlt;Fu k|lts"n gx'g]
k4lt cjnDjg ul/g]5 / pBf]unfO{ ;+/If0f, ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot
pknJw u/fpFbf jx'klIfo Pjd\ If]qLo ;+emf}tfsf k|fjwfg;Fu
;fd~h:otf sfod /flvg]5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
@%!
k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
p2]Zo &=% ;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt -&=% cf}Bf]lus af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/sf]
;+/If0f ug]{ ._
*=!* af}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf] nflu k|efjsf/L lgsfo :yfkgf
ul/g]5 .
*=!( af}l4s ;DklQsf] k|of]u ug{ pBdLnfO{ ljz]if k|f]T;fxg lbOg]5 .
@%@
@%#
(=& n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u u|fd :yfkgf ug{ cf}Bf]lus
k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ug]{ sfo{df cu|;/tf b]vfpg] :yfgLo lgsfonfO{
vr{sf] cg'kftdf cg'bfg /sd j[l4 ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .
(=* ;fd"lxs lrGx -Collective Mark_ sf] pkof]uf/f n3' pBd,
3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux?sf] pTkfbgsf] klxrfg sfod u/fO{
logLx?sf] k|j4{gsf nflu ;xof]u ul/g]5 .
(=( n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]udf jf}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0fsf]
nflu PsLs[t / ;Ifd ;+:yfut Joj:yf u/L o;sf] ;d'lrt
;+/If0f / pkof]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .
(=!) n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] pTkfbg tyf ahf/ k|j4{gsf
nlu pko'Qm ;"rgf k|ljlw (Information Technology) sf]
k|of]usf] nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
!)= /0fgLlt
p2]Zo &=! ;Fu ;DalGwt /0fgLlt -&=! u'0f:t/Lo tyf k|lt:kwf{Tds
cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg Pjd\ pTkfbsTj clej[l4af6 /fli6o cfo / /f]huf/L
tyf cf}Bf]lus a:t'sf] lgof{t a9fpg] ._
!)=! Joj:yfksLo Ifdtf, l;h{glzntf, 1fg Pjd\ ;Lksf] clea[l4 /
pko'Qm k|ljlwsf] pkof]uf/f pBf]u If]qsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf
a9fOg] 5 .
!)=@ ;fj{hlgs lghL ;xsfo{sf cfwf/df lgof{td"ns pBf]usf]
:yfkgfsf nflu k|f]T;fxg lbg ;'ljwf ;DkGg ljz]if cfly{s If]q
(Special Economic Zone) sf] :yfkgf ul/g] 5 .
!)=# g]kfn u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n ljefusf] ;+:yfut lj:tf/ Pj+
;'b[9Ls/0f ul/g] 5 / g]kfn u'0f:t/ lrGxnfO{ cGt//fli6o
dfkb08cg'?ksf] t'NofO{ To:tf lrGxsf] k|of]u ug{ pBf]unfO{
k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .
!)=$ >ldssf] pTkfbsTj Ifdtf clej[l4, yk /f]huf/L ;[hgf ug{
>d;DaGwL sfg"gnfO{ p2]Zok/s ?kdf nlrnf] t'NofOg]5 .
@%$
!)=% eG;f/ dxz'n -afp08 /]6 leq /x]/_ P06L 8lDk z'Ns (Antidumping Duty) / ;dLsf/s z'Ns (Counterveiling Duty)
sf] dfWodaf6 pBf] u nfO{ ;+ / If0f k| b fg ul/g] 5 .
!)=^ l5d]sL d'ns
' x? ef/t tyf rLgdf b't| t/ lj:tf/ e}/x]sf] ahf/
/ Jofkf/ ;Gt'ng (Trade Balance) sf] ;'wf/ ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf
/fvL pBf]ux?sf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . oL ahf/x?df kx'Frsf] nflu
tL b]zx?;Fu cfjZos ;Demf}tf ug{ jf e}/x]sf] ;Demf}tfdf
kl/dfh{g ug{ kxn ul/g]5 .
!)=& ax'kIfLo, If]qLo Pjd\ lkIfLo ;lGw ;Demf}tfnfO{ b]zsf] cj:yf,
j:t'l:ylt / cfjZostf;Fu d]n vfg] u/L ;f] sf k|fjwfgx?nfO{
k|efjsf/L ?kn] sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
!)=* d'ns
' leq pBf]ux?aLr cu|k[i7 ;DjGw -forward-backward
linkages_ clej[l4nfO{ a9jf lbO{ lbuf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf; ug{
d'n's leq ul/Psf] d"No clej[l4sf] cfwf/df ;'ljwf kfpg]
Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
!)=( ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf /x]sf pBf]ux?nfO{ Joj;flos ?kdf ;+rfng
ul/g]5 .
p2]Zo &=@ ;Fu ;DalGwt /0fgLlt -&=@ :yfgLo ;|f]t, sRrf kbfy{,
;Lk / ;fwgsf] kl/rfng u/L ;Gt'lnt If]qLo ljsf;df pBf]u If]qsf]
of]ubfg a9fpg] ._
!)=!) ef}uf]lns ljs6tf Pj+ sd cfo:t/ ePsf tf]lsPsf cljsl;t
If]qdf :yfkgf x'g] pBf]u, ljz]if cfly{s If]qdf :yfkgf x'g] pBf]u,
lgof{t k|j4{g pBf]u, tf]lsPsf] jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;+Vofdf k|ToIf
/f]huf/L lbg] pBf]ux?nfO{ yk ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot pknJw
u/fpg]5 .
!)=!! k|To]s lhNnfsf] cf}Bf]lus k|f]kmfOn tof/ ul/g]5 / k/Dk/fut
;Lk tyf :yfgLo sRrf kbfy{sf] pknJwtfsf] cfwf/df ;DefJotf
x]/L Ps ufpF Ps pTkfbg sf] cjwf/0ffcg'?k cf}Bf]lus u|fdsf]
:yfkgf ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
@%%
!)=!@ u|fdL0f If]qdf s[lif, u}x| sfi7 aghGo kbfy{df cfwfl/t j:t',
kz'kfng, b"Uw pBf]u, k+IfLkfng, kmnkm"n tyf hl8j'6Ldf cfwfl/t
pBf]unfO{ k|ljlw, ahf/, ;Lk / cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u k'ofpg]
sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{5 .
!)=!# s0ff{nL sf]l/8f]/df pBf]u ljsf; ug{ ljz]if ;'ljwfsf] Kofs]h
nfu" ul/g]5 .
!)=!$ :yfgLo lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo u/L cf}Bf]lus k|of]hgsf] nflu
e"pkof]u of]hgf th'{df ul/g]5 . o:tf] of]hgfsf] cfwf/df
cf}Bf]lus :yn, Industrial Corridor, Industrial Cluster
tyf u|fdsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . cf}Bf]lus If]q / dfgj a:tLjLr
lglZrt dWojtL{ If]q (Buffer Zone) sfod u/L Jojl:yt
?kdf a:tL ljsf; ug] { /0fgLlt canDag ul/g] 5 .
!)=!% s[lif pBf]u / lgsf;LnfO{ ;dGjo u/L d'n'sdf pknAw
sRrfkbfy{ d f cfwfl/t pBf] u x?sf] ljsf; ul/g] 5 .
!)=!^ b]zsf ljleGg :yfgdf vf;u/L b'ud
{ tyf kxf8L If]qdf ;xsf/L
dfkm{t hl8j'6L tyf kmnkm"n k|zf]wg pBf]ux? ;+rfng ug{
ljz]if sfo{of]hgf NofO{g]5 .
p2]Zo &=# ;Fu ;DalGwt /0fgLlt -&=# gljgtd k|ljlw Pjd\ jftfj/0fd}qL
pTkfbg k|s[ofnfO{ k|of]u u/L pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ lbuf] Pjd\ e/kbf]{
If]qsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ ._
!)=!& cf}Bf]lus cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / :jR5
pTkfbg k|ljlw tyf k|s[ofsf] k|of]udf ;3fp k'ofpg ;x'lnot
tyf ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 .
p2]Zo &=$ ;Fu ;DalGwt /0fgLlt -&=$ cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf nflu
cfjZos pTkfbgzLn hgzlQm tyf Joj:yfksLo Ifdtfsf] ljsf;
ub}{ ;jn nufgLsf] cfwf/ v8f u/L g]kfnnfO{ ;fs{ If]q tyf ljZjs}
cfsif{s nufgL:ynsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ ._
!)=!* ?U0f pBf]usf] k'g?Tyfg tyf k'glg{df{0fsf nflu clwsf/;DkGg
ljz]if ;+oGq lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .
@%^
@%&
@%(
@^!
@^#
-3_
-_
kl/jxgsf ;fwgx?,
-r_
-5_
@_
@^%
!%=@ cg'dlt lng' gkg]{ cGo pBf]un] /Ltk"j{s cfj]bg lbPsf] ldltn]
!% lbgleq ;DalGwt lgsfon] pBf]u btf{ u/L lbg]5 . s'g}
sf/0faf6 pBf]u btf{ x'g g;Sg] ePdf To:tf] lgsfon] ;f]sf]
sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bsnfO{ # lbg leq hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
!%=# cg';"rL* df pNn]v ePsf cg'dlt lng' kg]{ pBf]u / cg'dlt
lng' gkg]{ cGo pBf]usf] btf{ pBf]usf] k|sl[ t tyf Ifdtf cg';f/
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f f{godfjnLn] tf]s]
jdf]lhd k|f/lDes jftfj/0f k/LIf0f -Initial Environment
Examination-IEE) jf jftfj/0fLo k| e fj d" N of+ s g Environmental Impact Assessment-EIA) k|ltj]bg pBf]u
btf{ ug]{ lgsfodf k]z ug{' kg]{5 .
!%=$ pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] cfjlws ?kdf pBf]usf] l:ylt af/]
cg'udg u/L pBf]un] rfx]df k/fdz{ lbO ;~rfngsf] nflu ;3fp
k'ofpg]5 . dgfl;j sf/0f jfx]s tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq pBf]u
;~rfngdf cfPsf] /x]g5 eg] btf{ / cg'dlt vf/]h ul/g]5 .
!%=% g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|f/lDes jftfj/0f k/LIf0f -Initial Environment
Examination-IEE) jf jftfj/0fLo k| e fj d" N of+ s g
-Environmental Impact Assessment-EIA) ;DaGwL
If] q ut (Sectoral) dfkb08x? th' { d f ug{ ;DalGwt
dGqfnolgsfoaLr cfjZos ;dGjo ul/g] 5 .
!^= n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|zf;g ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M
!^=! n3' pBd ;+rfng u/]sf] Ps dlxgfleq pBdLn] pBdsf] ;lIfKt
ljj/0f;lxt :yfgLo lgsfo -uf=lj=;= jf g=kf=_ df hfgsf/L
lbg'kg]{5 . pBdLn] rfx]df tf]lsPsf] z'Ns lnO{ To:tf lgsfon]
pBd btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg]5 . o:tf] hfgsf/Lsf] clen]v
:yfgLo lgsfon] lhNnfl:yt 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf;
;ldltsf] sfof{nonfO{ dfl;s ?kdf pknJw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
{ cfj]bg lbPsf] ldltn]
!^=@ cg'dlt lng' gkg]{ cGo pBf]un] /Ltk"js
!% lbgleq ;DalGwt lgsfon] pBf]u btf{ u/L lbg]5 . s'g}
sf/0fjf6 pBf]u btf{ x'g g;Sg] ePdf To:tf] lgsfon] ;f]sf]
sf/0f v'nfO{ lgj]bsnfO{ # lbg leq hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg]{5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
@^&
!&=! ;a} k|sf/sf ;"tL{ / dlb/fhGo kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u / sTyf
pBf]u afx]s cGo ljz]if pBf]uaf6 cflh{t cfodf nfUg] s/sf]
skf]{/]6 b/df % k|ltzt ljGb'n] sd x'g]5 .
!&=@ ;a} k|sf/sf ;'tL{ / dlb/fhGo kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u / sTyf
pBf]u afx]s cg';"rL ( df pNn]lvt clt cljsl;t If]qdf
:yflkt pBf]un] sf/f]jf/ z'? u/]sf] ldltn] bz jif{;Dd nfUg]
cfos/ gAa] k|ltzt 5'6 kfpg]5 .
!&=# ;a} k|sf/sf ;'tL{ / dlb/fhGo kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u / sTyf
pBf]u afx]s cGo cg';r
" L !) df pNn]v ePsf cljs;Lt If]qdf
:yflkt pBf]unfO{ sf/f]jf/ ;'? u/]sf] ldltn] bz jif{;Dd c;L
k|ltzt cfos/ 5'6 x'g]5 .
!&=$ ;a} k|sf/sf ;'tL{ / dlb/fhGo kbfy{ pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u / sTyf
pBf]u afx]s cGo cg';"rL !! df pNn]v ePsf sd ljsl;t
@^*
@^(
!&=!! s'g} pBf]un] phf{ vkt 36fpg ;3fp k'ofpg] oGq pks/0fdf
nufgL u/]sf] vr{, k|bi" f0f lgoGq0f / jftfj/0fdf sd c;/ kfg]{
k4ltsf] h8fgdf ePsf] k'FhLut vr{, k|ljlw / k|s[ofdf ePsf]
vr{ cfos/ k|of]hgsf] nflu vr{ s6\6f ug{ kfOg]5 . o:tf]
;'ljwf Ps} k6s jf % -kfFr_ jif{leq pkof]u u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 .
!&=!@ cfos/ lgwf{/0f k|of]hgsf] nflu pBf]usf] s"n ljqmL cfosf] kfFr
k|ltzt;Dd /sd pTkfbsTj clej[l4sf] nflu pBdzLntf
clej[l4 / ;Lk ljsf; tflnd, cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; / gofF
k|ljlw k|fKt ug{ vr{ ug{ kfOg]5 .
!&=!# cfos/ k|of]hgsf] nflu ahf/ k|j4{g, ;j]I{ f0f / lj1fkg cflbsf]
nflu s"n ljqmL cfosf] bz k|ltzt ;Dd vr{ ug{ kfOg]5 .
!&=!$pBf]usf] ef}lts ;DklQsf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu u/]sf] u/]sf] vr{ /sd
/ o;sf] aLdf jfkt lt/]sf] lk|dLod s/ of]Uo cfoaf6 36fpg
kfOg]5 .
!&=!% /fli6|\o k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]un] :yL/ h]yfsf] x|f; sL ubf{
k|rlnt cfos/ P]gdf pNn]lvt b/df ;f]xL b/sf] Ps ltxfO yk
u/L sf ug{ kfpg]5 .
!&=!^ pBf]un] ;f]xL pBf]udf jf c? s'g} pBf]udf k'gM nufgL u/L
pBf]usf] ljljlws/0f jf kRrL; k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf j9L hl8t
Ifdtf lj:tf/ u/]df, k|ljlwsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f u/]df jf ;xfos
pBf]usf] ljsf; u/]df o:tf] k'gM nufgLaf6 ;[lht yk :yL/
h]yfsf] $) k|ltzt s/ k|of]hgsf] nflu sL ug{ kfpg]5 . o:tf]
5'6 /sd Psd'i6 Ps} jif{df jf kfFr jif{leq sL ug{ kfpg]5 .
!&=!& pBf]un] g]kfndf btf{ ePsf] jf}l4s ;DklQ cGtu{tsf] cf}Bf]lus
;DklQsf] ;+/If0f ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{ cfos/ k|of]hgsf] nflu vr{
n]Vg kfpg]5 . af}l4s ;DklQsf] lgof{taf6 k|fKt x'g] cfodf
lgof{t ;/xsf] 5'6 lbOg]5 . af}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0fsf nflu
ljb]zdf btf{ ubf{ nfu]sf] z'Nssf] %) k|ltzt ;/sf/n] Joxf]g]{
5 . To:t} af}l4s ;DklQsf] ljqmLaf6 k|fKt cfonfO{ nfef+zdf
nfUg] b/sf] cfos/ dfq nufOg]5 .
@&)
!&=@! d'ns
' leq pTkflbt j:t' ljb]z lgsf;L u/]df cGtMz'Ns / d"No
clej[l4 s/ nfUg] 5}g .
!&=@@ lgof{td"ns pBf]u, lgof{t k|j4{g u[x / ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf
pBf]un] c? s'g} pBf]u;Fu s/f/ (Sub-Contracting) u/L
lgsf;Lsf] nflu j:t' pTkfbg u/fpg kfpFg5
] g\ . o;/L pTkfbg
u/fPsf] j:t'df k|of]u x'g] sRrf kbfy{, ;xfos sRrf kbfy{ tyf
Kofs]lh ;fdfu|Ldf nfu]sf] eG;f/ dxz'n, cGtMz'Ns tyf d"No
clej[l4 s/ lgof{t ePsf] kl/df0fsf] cfwf/df lgsf;Lstf{n]
tf]lsP adf]lhd lkmtf{ kfpg] 5 .
!&=@# lgsf;L u/] jfkt kfpg] 8\o6" L 8 Aofs ;'ljwfnfO{ ;/n jgfpg
p:t} k|sl[ tsf pBf]ux?sf] xsdf sRrf kbfy{ vktsf] cfwf/df
;db/ lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . o:tf] /sd lgsf;L sf/f]jf/ u/]sf]
a}s
+ af6} lkmtf{ kfpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . ;db/ lgwf{/0f x'g g;s]sf
pBf]ux?sf] xsdf xfn k|rngdf /x]sf] lgoldt k|s[ofnfO{ klg
lg/Gt/tf lbOg]5 .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
@&!
@&#
@&%
@&&
-3_
cg';r
" L ( df pNn]v ePsf clt cljsl;t If]qleq
:yflkt ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf pBf]un] sf/f]jf/ ;'?
u/]sf] ldltn] bz jif{;Dd zt k|ltzt cfos/ 5'6
kfpg]5g\ . ;fy} To;kl5sf bz jif{;Dd To:tf
pBf]un] ltg'{ kg]{ cfos/df krf; k|ltzt 5'6
x'g]5 .
-3_
-_
@&(
@*)
cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o;lrj
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_
-5_
-h_
jf]8s
{ f] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@*#
@*%
@)=!# /fli6o n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u k|j4{g af]8{ / 3/]n'
tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt
@)=!#=! n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g Pj+
k|zf;gdf sfo{/t lgsfox? jLrsf] c:ki6tf x6fpg
s]lGb|o:t/df n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u k|j4{g
jf]8{ u7g ul/g]5 . 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g,
ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] 3/]n' tyf ;fgf
pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ ;f]xL jf]8{sf] ;+/rgf leq
;dflxt u/L &% j6} lhNnfdf ;ldltsf] sfof{nox?af6
n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux?sf] btf{ gljs/0f
;'ljwf l;kmfl/z nufot ;Dk"0f{ k|j4{gfTds ;]jf
pknJw u/fOg] 5 .
@)=!#=@ n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux?sf] ljsf; / k|j4{g
ug{sf] lglDt b]xfo adf]lhdsf] /fli6o n3' pBd, 3/]n'
tyf ;fgf pBf]u k|j4{g jf]8{ :yfkgf ul/g] 5 .
af]8{sf] u7g M
-s_ dfggLo pBf]udGqL/fHodGqL
cWoIf
;b:o
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
;b:o
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_
@*&
@)=!#=% jf]8n
{ ] cfjZos 7fg]df s'g} kbflwsf/L jf ljz]if1x?nfO{
cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
@)=!#=^ jf]8{sf] a}7s cfjZostf cg';f/ j:g]5 . jf]8{sf]
a}7s;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw jf]8{n] to u/] jdf]lhd
x'g]5 .
@)=!#=& n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u Joj;fodf k|ToIf
c;/ ug]{ u/L cGo s'g} klg ;/sf/L lgsfon] gLlt
th'{df Pj+ kl/jt{g ubf{ pBf]u dGqfno dfkm{t o;
jf]8{ ;Fu k/fdz{ lng' kg]{5 .
@)=!#=* n3' pBd, 3/]n' / ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{gsf] sfdnfO{
k|efjsf/L jgfpg g]kfn ;/sf/n] :yfgLo:t/df lhNnf
ljsf; ;ldltsf ;efkltsf] cWoIftfdf cfjZostfg';f/
;Dj4 lgsfo / ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L
lhNnf n3' pBd, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u k|j4{g
;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@!= dlxnf pBdLxsf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf
dlxnfx cem a9L pBf]u Joj;fodf ;+nUg eO{ a9L ;] a9L /f]huf/sf]
cj;/ k|bfg ug{ pBf]u Joj;fosf] If]qdf cufl8 a9'g\ eGg] p2]Zon]
dlxnfsf] cfly{s ;zlQms/0fsf nflu ;dfj]zL cjwf/0ff cg'?k lgDg
adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 M
@!=! s'g} klg pBf]uJoj;fo ;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ txdf ;DalGwt
cf}Bf]lus Joj;fodf ;+nUg cflbjf;L, hghftL, blnt, dw]zL,
l;dfGts[t ju{sf dlxnfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj clgjfo{ ul/g]5 .
@!=@ 3/]n' tyf ;fgf :t/sf dlxnf pBdLx?nfO{ ;/n tyf ;'ne
tl/sfaf6 C0f k|jfx ug{ ljleGg j}l+ s tyf ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?df
;d'x C0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
@!=# pBf]u :yfkgf ubf{ lbOg] Venture Capital df dlxnfx?nfO{
k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
@!=$ dlxnfsf] gfddf dfq pBf]u btf{ ul/Pdf To:tf] pBf]u btf{ ubf{
nfUg] btf{ b:t"/df #% k|ltzt 5'6 lbO{g]5 .
@**
@*(
@(!
cg';"rL!
-bkmf !@=@=! ;Fu ;DalGwt_
s[lif tyf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t pBf]u
!= kmnk"mn v]tL kmnk"mn k|zf]wg
@= vfB k|zf]wg
#= kz'kfng / kz' k|hgg, kz'k+IfL kfng / k|hgg
$= b'w pBf]u -b'wsf kl/sf/ pTkfbg ;d]t_
%= s'v'/fkfngrNnf sf9\g] Joj;fo
^= dT:o kfng e'/f pTkfbg
&= /]zd v]tL tyf /]zd k|zf]wg
*= lrof aufg lrof k|zf]wg
(= skmL v]tL skmL k|zf]wg
!)=hl8j'6L v]tL hl8a'6L k|zf]wg
!!= t/sf/L aLp lahg pTkfbg
!@= t/sf/L v]tL t/sf/L k|zf]wg
!#= xl/t u[x :yfkgf / ;~rfng
!$= df}/Lkfng -dx pTkfbg k|zf]wg / k|hgg_
!%= k'ik v]tL -dfnf agfpg], ;hfj6 ug]{, u'R5f jgfpg] / jLp ljhg
pTkfbg ;d]t_
!^= g;{/L Joj;fo
!&= /a/ v]tL tyf /a/sf] k|f/lDes k|zf]wg
!*= zLt e08f/
!(= ;xsf/Lsa'lnolt;fd'bfloslghL jgsf] :yfkgf / Joj:yfkg
@)= gub]jfnLsf] Joj;flos v]tL tyf k|zf]wg -h:t}M pmv', skf;, ;gkf6,
;lhjg, Sweet Sorghum, Stevia Rebaudiane ;'tL{, h'6,
cn} + r L, cb' j f, s] z /, t] n xg / o:t} d;nfjfnL, bnxg cflb_
@!= j]t, afF; v]tL / j]t afF;hGo pTkfbgx?
@@= jg:klt pBfg :yfkgf / Joj:yfkg
@#= jg:klt k|hgg\ Joj;fo -l6:;' sNr/ ;d]t_ .
@(@
cg';"rL@
-bkmf !@=@=^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
ko{6g pBf]u
!=
@=
6fe]n Ph]G;L, 6'/ ck|6] /, 6'l/i6 ufO8, lxln ;]G6/, Sofl;gf], d;fh
:kf (spa)
#=
@(#
cg';"rL#
-bkmf !@=@=& ;Fu ;DalGwt_
lgdf{0f pBf]u
-lgdf{0f u/L ;~rfng ug]{
!= ;8s, k'n, ;'?
@= /f]kj], /]nj], 6fd, 6lna;, s]a'n sf/, df]gf]/]n / :nfO{l8sf/
#= xjfO{ wfjg dfu{ ljdfg:yn
$= cf}Bf]lus ;+/rgf Pj+ k"jf{wf/ sDKn]S;
%= ;ef ;Dd]ng s]Gb|
^= 9n tyf 9n lgsf;
&= vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ tyf ljt/0f
*= l;FrfO k"jf{wf/
(= phf{3/ tyf phf{ k|;f/0f nfOg
!)= v]ns'b u[x, /zfnf -Sport Complexes, Stadium_
!!= ;jf/L kfls{ :yn, kfls{ u[x
!@= lgof{t k|zf]wg If]q
!#= ljz]if cfly{s If]q
!$= sfuf]{ sDKn]S;
!%= ;f}o{ tyf jfo'af6 phf{ pTkfbg
!^= b"lift kfgL k|zf]wg s]Gb| -Water treatment plant_
pk/f]Qm pBf]ux? lgdf{0f, :jfldTj / x:tfGt/0f -Build-Own-OperateTransfer-BOOT_, lgdf{0f ;~rfng / x:tfGt/0f -Build-OperateTransfer-BOT_ tyf lgdf{0f / ;+rfngsf] k|f?kdf ;+rfng x'g'kg]{5 .
@($
cg';"rL$
-bkmf !@=@=* ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ k|ljlw pBf]u
!= 6]Sgf]nf]hL kfs{
@= cfO l6 kfs{
#= jfof]6]s kfs{
$= ;k\m6j]o/ ljsf;
%= sDKo"6/ tyf ;DalGwt ;]jfx?
^= tYof k|zf]wg
&= ;fOj/ Sofk]m
*= l8lh6n Doflk
(= eL:of6, OG6/g]6 ;]jf
!)= 6]lnkmf]g tyf ;]n'n/ 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfx?
!!= df]jfOn 6]lnkmf]g
!@= k]lh ;]jf
!#= 6]lnlehg k|;f/0f -:of6]nfO6 tyf s]an 6]lnlehg k|;f/0f_ ;]jf
!$= Pkm=Pd= /]l8of] k|;f/0f ;]jf
!%= Od]n, EjfO; d]n, k\mofS;
!^= cl8of]lel8of], l;=l8= /f]d /]sl8{ tyf pTkfbg
!&= lk|G6 ldl8of pBf]u
!&= Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
@(%
!=
@=
#=
$=
%=
^=
&=
*=
(=
!)=
!!=
!@=
!#=
!$=
!%=
!^=
!&=
!*=
!(=
@)=
@!=
@@=
@#=
@$=
@%=
@^=
@(^
cg';"rL%
-bkmf !@=@=( ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;]jfd"ns pBf]u Joj;fo
oflGqs sfo{zfnf -js{zk_
5fkfvfgf tyf 5kfO{ ;DaGwL ;]jf
k]zfut cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;, Joj:yfkg, O{lGhlgol/ tyf l8hfOg,
sfg"gL, n]vf, n]vfk/LIf0f, lzIf0f k|lzIf0f, z}lIfs tyf k|fljlws
k/fdz{ ;]jfx?
lhlg tyf a]ln -Ginning and Baling_ Joj;fo
rnlrq lgdf{0f Joj;fo
k|bz{gL ;]jf
;f+:s[lts tyf dgf]/~hgfTds Joj;fo
lgdf{0f Joj;fo
;fj{hlgs kl/jxg Joj;fo
kmf]6f]u|fkmL
c:ktfn
gl;{ xf]d
lzIf0f Pj+ k|lzIf0f ;+:yf
k':tsfno, clen]vfno tyf ;Fu|fxno ;]jf
k|of]uzfnf
xjfO{ ;]jf
v]ns"b ;]jf
zLt e08f/ ;~rfng -u}x| s[lifhGo_
xfp; jfol/ On]S6Lsn lkml6 / dd{t
kmf]xf]/ d}nf ;+sng tyf ;/;kmfO{
3/ hUuf -Real Estate_ v/Lb ljqmL ;DaGwL Joj;fo
lgdf{0f ;DaGwL ef/L pks/0f -Heavy Equipment_ ef8f, dd{t
tyf ;~rfng
kz' lrlsT;f ;]jf
Jof6L l/rflh{
:jf:Yo k/LIf0f -PS;/], l;6L :Sofg, Pd=cf/=cfO, cN6f;fpG8
h:tf ;]jfx?_ tyf :jf:Yo k/LIf0f k|of]uzfnf
lgdf{0f eO{;s]sf k"jf{wf/x?sf] ;+rfng ug]{ h:t} -;ef ;Dd]ng
ejg, vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{, O{Gwg tyf O{GwghGo UofF; cfk"lt{ ;DaGwL
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
@&=
@*=
@(=
#)=
#!=
#@=
##=
#$=
#%=
#^=
#&=
#*=
#(=
$)=
$!=
$@=
$#=
$$=
$%=
$^=
$&=
$*=
@(&
cg';"rL^
-bkmf !@=#=@ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k/Dk/fut tyf cGo 3/]n' pBf]ux?*
!= Xof08 n"d, k]8n n"d, ;]dLc6f]dl] 6s n"d, sk8f jflk{, k/Dk/fut
k|ljlwaf6 ul/g] /fO{, 5kfO{, l;nfO{ -tof/L kf]zfs afx]s_ / a'gfO{ .
@= pmg / /]zddf cfwfl/t xft] a'gfO{sf /f8L kfvL, un}+rf, klZdgf,
kf]zfs .
#= xft]sfuh / ;f]df cfwfl/t j:t' .
$= k/Dk/fut snfdf cfwfl/t j:t' -Filigree and Ornamental
Items based on Traditional Crafts_ .
%= k/Dk/fut d"lt{snf .
^= tfdf, lkQn, 9nf}6, sf+; / hd{g l;Ne/ h:tf wft'af6 x:tlgld{t
ef+8fjt{g tyf x:tsnfsf ;fdfg .
&= kmnfdaf6 ag]sf x:tlgld{t ef+8f jt{g tyf 3/fo;L k|of]usf rSs',
r'n];L, v's'/L, x+l;of, s'6f], sf]bfnf] h:tf k/Dk/fut cf}hf/x? .
*= ;'g rf+bLaf6 x:tlgld{t u/ uxgf, j:t', ef+8f jt{gx? -ax'dN" o, cw{
jx'd"No tyf ;fwf/0f kTy/ h8fg ePsf ;d]t_ .
(= :jb]zdf pknAw lsdlt, cw{ lsdlt tyf ;fwf/0f kTy/ s6fO{ pBf]u .
!)= u|fdL0f 6\oflg5fnaf6 x:t lgld{t j:t'x? .
!!= h'6, ;jfO 3fF;, rf]of, aflaof], ;'tL wfu]f, cNnf] cflb k|fs[lts /]zfdf
cfwfl/t pBf]u .
!@= kTy/snf -9'+uf s'+bL agfOPsf ;fdfgx?_ .
!#= kf}ef, yff lrq / cGo k/Dk/fut lrqsnf .
!$= d's'08f] (Mask) tyf k/Dk/fut ;+:s[lt bzf{pg] k'tnL / v]nf}gf .
!%= k/Dk/fut ;+:s[lt, jfhfufhf / snf bzf{pg] ljleGg k|sf/sf x:tsnfsf
j:t' .
!^= sf7, xf8, l; tyf df6f], r6[fg / vgLhsf snfTds j:t'x? .
!&= ;]/fldS; tyf df6fsf efF8fs'F8f .
*k/Dk/fut 3/]n' pBf]usf] xsdf !) lsnf] jf6 eGbf a9L ljB't zlQm Ifdtf ePsf] x'g' x'Fb}g .
@(*
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
cg';"rL&
-bkmf !#=! ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]ux?
! s[lif tyf jg k}bfjf/df cfwfl/t cg';"rL ! jdf]lhdsf pBf]u .
@= lgdf{0f pBf]u -lgdf{0f ul/ ;~rfng ug]{ cg';"rL # jdf]lhdsf pBf]u .
#= hnljB't pTkfbg tyf ljt/0f nufotsf phf{d"ns pBf]ux? .
$= lgsf;L k|j4{g pBf]u .
%= k"jf{wf/ ;lxtsf] ;fxl;s ko{6g, u|fdL0f ko{6g, kof{j/0fLo ko{6g,
uNkm sf];{, kf]nf] (Polo), kf]gL 6]ls -Pony Trekking_, kbofqf Trekking_ ko{6g, jf6/ ofk\ml6 -Water Rafting_, ;ef ;Dd]ng
ko{6g, v]ns'b ko{6g, wfld{s ko{6g, ;f+:s[lts ko{6g, dgf]/~hg kfs{
lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng, jGohGt' cf/If0f .
^= vfgLhGo pBf]u, k]6f]lnod tyf k|fs[lts Uof; cGj]if0f tyf pTkfbg .
&= :jb]zL r'g9'+ f k|of]u u/L lSn/ tyf l;d]G6 pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u, kNk
tyf sfuh, lrgL, /f;foflgs dn -ld>0f afx]s_ w"nf] b"w, cf}ifwL
pTkfbg, kmf]xf]/ d}nf tyf v]/ uPsf] j:t'sf] k|zf]wg, OGwg jrt ug]{
pks/0f pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u, k|b'if0f sd ug]{ pks/0f pTkfbg ug]{
pBf]u / ckfx?n] k|of]u ug]{ ;fwg tyf pks/0f pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u,
s[lif oGq pks/0f tyf cf}Bf]lus d]lzg/L agfpg] pBf]u, ljB'taf6
rNg] ;jf/L ;fwgx? pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u .
*= ;fj{hlgs kl/jxg Joj;fo, lzt e08f/ lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng, kmf]xf]/
d}nf ;+sng, u|fdL0f ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ k|ljlw ;Da4 ;]jf, sDKo"6/
;6j]o/ .
(= sf7df8f} + pkTosf, kf] v /f pkdxfgu/kfnLsf / t/fO{ If] q sf
pkdxfgu/kflnsf tyf gu/kflnsf If]q jflx/ :yfkgf x'g] c:ktfn,
gl;{ xf]d, kz' c:ktfn Pj+ lrlsT;fno, :jf:Yo kl/If0f ;]jf, :jf:Yo
k|of]uzfnf, h}ljs cg';Gwfgzfnf / lzIf0f Pj+ k|lzIf0f ;+:yfx? .
!)= k/Dk/fut 3/]n' pBf]u .
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
@((
cg';"rL*
-bkmf !$=! ;Fu ;DalGwt_
cg'dlt lng' kg]{ pBf]ux?
!_ xftxltof/, uf]nLu6\7f, jf?b nufotsf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ pTkfbg ug],{
;' / IffTds 5kfO{ -;]S o'l /6L lk| G 6L_ d' b| f tyf l;Ssf pBf] u .
@_ r'/f]6, ljl8, v}gL, l;uf/ tyf ;"lt{ d'Vo sRrf kbfy{ x'g] j:t' pTkfbg
ug]{ pBf]u / ljo/ tyf dlb/f pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u .
#_ 9'+uf, lu6\6L, afn'jf pTvgg\, k|zf]wg ug]{ pBf]ux? .
$_ If]qut P]gn] Joj:yf u/]sf cg'dlt lng'kg]{ pBf]ux? .
#))
cg';"rL(
-bkmf !&=@ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
clt cljsl;t If]q
!= afh'/f
@= hfh/sf]6
#= 8f]Nkf
$= x'Dnf
%= h'Dnf,
^= sfnLsf]6
&= bfr'{nf
*= c5fd
(= jemf
!)= d'u'
!!= ?s"d
!@= ;Nofg
!#= b}n]v
!$= /f]Nkf
!%= t]x|y'd
!^= 8f]6L
!&= vf]6f
!*= ;+v'jf;ef
!(= dgf
@)= d':tf
@!= ;f]n'v'Dj'
@@= tfKn]h'
@#= cf]vn9'f
#)!
cg';"rL!)
-bkmf !&=# ;Fu ;DalGwt_
cljsl;t If]q
!= j}t8L
@= 88]nw'/f
#= DofUbL
$= ef]hk'/
%= Onfd
^= l;Gw'nL
&= kfFry/
*= Ko"7fg
(= jfUn'
!)= /;'jf
!!= l;Gw'kfNrf]s
!@= u'NdL
!# kj{t
!$= bf]nvf
!%= /fd]5fk
#)@
cg';"rL!!
-bkmf !&=$ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
sd ljsl;t If]q
!= s}nfnL
@= jlb{of
#= s~rgk'/
$= kfNkf
%= nDh'
^= uf]/vf
&= c3f{vfFrL
*= wgs'6f
(= ;'v]{t
!)= bf
!!= :ofhf
!@= tgx'F
!#= pbok'/
!$= g'jfsf]6
!%= wflb
!^= sfe|]Kfnf~rf]s
!&= slknj:t'
!*= l;/fxf
!(= afFs]
@)= wg'iff
@!= /f}tx6
@@ ;Kt/L
@#= ;nf{xL
@$= dxf]Q/L
#)#
#)%
#)&
cfk"lt{df Jojwfg pTkGg ug]{ k|jl[ tnfO{ lgoGq0f u/L pkef]QmfnfO{ cTofjZos
j:t' tyf ;]jf s'g} cj/f]w ljgf :jR5 k|lt:kwf{Tds / plrt d"Nodf ;xh
tj/n] lg/Gt/ kdf pkef]u ug]{ u/fpg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug'{ /fHosf]
d' V o bfloTj xf] eGg] dfGotfdf of] gLlt th' { d f ePsf] 5 .
^= nIo -Goal_
b]zdf cTofjZos j:t' tyf ;]jf ;xh, ;'ne / lgoldt kdf plrt
u'0f:t/ / d"Nodf cfk"lt{ x'g] Joj:yf ldnfO{ pkef]Qmfsf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f
ug]{ .
&= p2]Zo (Objectives)
&=! u'0f:t/Lo j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] lgoldt / ;j{;'ne kdf ;xh
cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ug{ ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qnfO{
k|f]T;flxt u/L k|lt:kwf{Tds t'Nofpg] .
&=@ pkef]Qmfsf] xs lxt / clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ .
&=# cfk"lt{ x'g] j:t' jf ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug]{ tyf oyfy{k/s nfut
d"Nosf] cfwf/df pkef]Qmf d"No k|0ffnLnfO{ :yflkt u/fpg] .
&=$ /fli6o kdf vfB ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] nflu cfjZos k|aGw ug]{ .
&=% cTofjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfdf ;xh kx'Fr gk'u]sf, Go"g cfo
ePsf ljkGg tyf b'u{d If]qsf pkef]Qmfsf] ;'ljwf / /fxtsf]
nflu PsLs[t cfk"lt{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
&=^ j:t' tyf ;]jfdf x'g] sfnf]ahf/L / s[lqd cefj lgoGq0f ug]{ .
&=& j:t' tyf ;]jfdf x'g] u}/ k|lt:kwf{Tds lqmofsnfknfO{ lgoGq0f
ug]{ .
*= gLlt (Policy)
*=! cfk"lt{ (Supplies) :
*=!=! cfk"lt{ Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;fj{hlgs, lghL
tyf ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .
*=!=@ cTofjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] lgoldt / ;j{;n
' e 9+uaf6
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
#)(
#!!
#!#
#!%
#!^
#!&
#!(
#@!
#@@
!)=$=!
!)=$=@
!)=$=#
!)=$=$
!)=$=%
!)=$=^
!)=$=&
!)=$=*
!)=$=(
!)=$=!)
!)=$=!!
!)=$=!@
!)=$=!#
!)=$=!$
!)=$=!%
#@#
!)=%=( b'ud
{ tyf lxdfnL lhNnfdf vfBfGg h:tf cTofjZos
pkef]Uo j:t'sf] cfk"lt{df ;+nUg ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgnfO{
;]jfd"ns ;+:yfsf] kdf ljsf; ul/g]5 . o:tf
;+:yfgxsf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf
ul/g]5 .
!)=^ ahf/ Joj:yfkg
!)=^=! cTofjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{df Jojwfg x'g glbg
pkef]Qmf ;+3;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh, lghL tyf ;xsf/L
If]qsf] ;d]t ;+nUgtfdf ahf/ cg'udg ul/g]5 .
!)=^=@ pTkfbs, cfoftstf{, ljt/s tyf yf]s ljq]mtfxn]
laqmL ug]{ j:t'sf] uf]bfd ;+Vof, Ifdtf tyf df}Hbftsf]
ljj/0f lng] / cfjZostf cg';f/ cg'udg ul/g]5 .
!)=^=# pTkfbs, cfoftstf{, ljt/s tyf yf]s ljq]mtfxn]
laqmL ug]{ j:t'sf] ;fdfGo tyf ljz]if cj:yfdf ;l~rt
ug{ kfpg] ;Ldfsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ tyf lgwf{l/t ;Ldfleq
eP gePsf] cg'udg ug{ lgb]{lzsf hf/L ul/g]5 .
!)=^=$ laqm]tfn] cfkm"n] vl/b u/]sf] j:t'sf] vl/b d"No /
laqmL d"No pkef]Qmfn] b]Vg ;Sg] u/L k;ndf 6fF;
ul//fVg] Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .
!)=^=$ cTofjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfdf x'g] u}/ k|lt:kwL{ lqmofsnfk
x'g glbg / ahf/ ;+/If0f ug{ k|lt:kwf{ k|j4{g tyf
ahf/ ;+ / If0f af] 8 { n fO{ ;lqmo t' N ofOg] 5 .
!)=^=% ahf/ tyf cfk"lt{;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gx?nfO{ PsLs[t
ul/g]5 .
!!= ;'ljwf / ;x'lnot
cfk"lt{ Joj:yf k|efjsf/L agfpgsf] lglDt g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnotx k|bfg ug]{ gLlt lng]5 M
!!=! b'ud{ lxdfnL tyf kxf8L If]qdf cTofjZos j:t' tyf ;]jf cfk"lt{
ug]{ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfg, ;'ky d"No k;n, pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L k;n,
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
#@%
!@=!=!
cWoIf
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
#@&
#@*
-!_
-@_
-#_
-$_
-%_
-^_
-&_
-*_
-(_
#@(
!^= pk;+xf/
lgoldt, ;j{;'ne / ;'ky d"Nodf cTofjZos a:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{
x'g] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug{ cfk"lt{ If]qdf x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf ljs[ltx?nfO{ Go"g
ub}{ ;fj{hlgs ;bfrf/ / g}ltstf sfod u/L pkef]Qmf xslxtsf] ;+/If0f
/ ;Da{g ug{ o; gLltn] cfwf/ k|bfg ug]{ 5 . o; gLltn] a:t' tyf
;]jfsf] cfk"lt{ Joj:yfdf ck]lIft ;'wf/ / ;xlhs/0f u/L /fHo tyf
hgtfsf] p2]Zo, ck]Iff / cfjZostfnfO{ plrt ;Daf]wg ub}{ ul/jL
lgjf/0fsf] ;dli7ut nIonfO{ g} of]ubfg k'ofpg] ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 .
##)
@= ds}
#= lrp/f
$= ux'F, d}bf / kL7f] -cfF6f_
%= bfn -s_ /x/ -v_ df; -u_ d';'/f] -3_ e6df; cflb u]8fu'8Lx
^= g"g
&= lrgL
*= o", vfg]tn
] -s_ tf]/Lsf] t]n -v_ e6df;sf] t]n -u_ ;"od{ v
' L km"nsf] t]n
(= b"w -j]jLk'm8 tyf kfp8/ b"w ;d]t_,
!)= df;', c08f, df5f,
!!= dx, lrof tyf skmL
!@= d;nf, t/sf/L Pj+ kmnk"mn .
cGo cfjZosLo kbfy{
!)= cf}iflw -sL6gfzs cf}ifwL / hl8a'6L ;d]t_
!!= dlt]n, Uof;, l8h]n, k]6f]n / xjfO{ OGwg ;d]t
!@= dn, aLp
!#= -s_ bfp/f -v_ sf]Onf
lgdf{0f ;fdu|L
!$= l;d]G6
!%= kmnfd] 58, h:tf kftf
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
##!
##@
###
##%
%=$= lj1fg tyf k|ljlw If]qsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf
;+/rgfx lgdf{0f u/L ;f]sf] clwstd pkof]u ug]{ / j}1flgsxsf]
pRrdgf] j n a9fpg cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .
%=%= ;/sf/n] k|To]s jif{ lj1fg tyf k|ljlw If]qdf ;DalGwt lgsfoxaf6
cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sfo{sf] nflu sfo{qmd agfpg nufO
;f]sf] cfwf/df /sd 5'6\ofpg] Joj:yf ug{]5 .
%=^ :yfgLo tx;Dd :yfgLo ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] clwstd kl/rfng
ug{ cfjZos k|ljlwsf] ljsf; sfo{df ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L,
cGt/f{li6o ;+3;+:yf, lghL If]q tyf z}lIfs ;+:yfnfO{ ;l/s
u/fOg]5 .
%=& cfjZostf cg';f/ k/Dk/fut, :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL k|ljlwsf]
;dfof]hg tyf ;'wf/f/f pko'Qm k|ljlwsf] ljsf; u/L d'ns
' nfO{
cfjZos kg]{ k|ljlwsf] If]qdf cfTdlge{/ agfpg] tkm{ cfjZos
sfd ul/g]5 .
%=* lj1fg tyf k|ljlw If]qdf lkIfLo / ax'kIfLo ;xof]u ;Demf}tf
u/L d'n'ssf] j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ljz]if
kxn ul/g]5 .
^= sfo{gLlt
lj1fg tyf k|ljlw gLlt sfof{Gjog ug{ / ;f] gLltdf lgxLt p2]Zo kl/k"lt{
ug{ b]xfosf] sfo{gLlt cjnDjg ul/g]5M
^=!= k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
^=!=!= df}h'bf k"jf{wf/xnfO{ cfjZostf cg'k ;'b[9Ls/0f /
;'wf/ u/L clwstd kl/rfng ul/g]5 .
^=!=@= lj1fg tyf k|ljlw If]qsf] PsLs[t ljsf;sf] nflu s]Gb|Lo /
:yfgLo :t/df cfjZos ;+:yfut ljsf;df hf]8 lbOg]5 .
^=!=# ljBdfg k|of]uzfnfxsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug'{sf ;fy} lj1fg
tyf k|ljlw ;DaGwL ;Gbe{ k|of]uzfnf (Reference
Laboratory) x / s]Gb|Lo k|of]uzfnfxsf] qmdzM ljsf;
ul/g]5 .
##^
^=@=@
^=@=#=
^=@=^=
^=@=&=
^=#=@=
##&
^=#=#=
^=#=$=
^=#=%=
^=#=^=
^=#=&=
##*
^=%=@=
^=%=#=
d'ns
' df 5l/P/ /x]sf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw;+u ;DalGwt
k':tsfno tyf k|n]v s]Gb|xnfO{ ;'b[9 u/L ljB'tLo
{ f ;fy}
;+hfn (Electronic Network) df cfj4 ug's
lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ;DaGwL s]Gb|Lo k':tsfnosf] ljsf;
u/L tt\;DaGwL cfn]v k|nv
] cg';Gwfg s[ltsf] PsLs[t
clen] v /fVg] ;+ : yfut Aoj:yf ul/g] 5 .
^=%=$=
##(
^=%=%=
^=%=^
^=%=&=
#$)
cWoIf
pkfWoIf
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o
;b:o ;lrj
&=!=!=
&=!=@=
#$!
*= sfg'gL Joj:yf
*=!= lj1fg tyf k|ljlw gLltsf] sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udgsf] nflu
cfjZostf cg';f/ If]qut gLlt, P]g, lgod, lgb]{lzsf agfO{
nfu' ul/g]5 .
*=@= o;;+u ;DalGwt cGo cfjZos Joj:yfnfO{ lgoldt ug{ /
lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ;DalGw jf}l4s ;DklQ clwsf/nfO{ ;+/If0f
lbg] cfjZos sfg'gx lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .
*=#= lj1fg tyf k|ljlw;+uF ;DalGwt ;+3 ;+:yfxn] ;DalGwt lgsfodf
btf{sf nflu dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]5
{ . ;f] ;DalGw cfjZos
cg' u dg k| l qmofnfO{ dGqfnon] Jojl:yt ug] { 5 .
(= vf/]hL
/fli6 o lj1fg tyf k| l jlw gLlt, @)$^ nfO{ vf/] h ul/Psf] 5 .
?kfGt/0f M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @% adf]lhd >L % sf] ;/sf/
eGg] zAbxsf] ;f g] k fn ;/sf/ eGg] zAbx /fvL kfGt/0f ul/Psf] .
#$@
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h}ljs k|ljlwsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ Pj+ t'ngfTds kmfObfsf If]qxdf o;sf]
k|of]u u/L h}ljs k|ljlwnfO{ b]z ljsf; / jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f Pj+ hgsNof0fsf]
;zQm cfwf/sf] kdf k|lt:yfkg u/L ul/aL lgjf/0fdf of]ubfg lbg' o;
gLltsf] ;jf]k{ l/ p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . o; gLltsf cGo p2]Zox b]xfo jdf]lhd
s[lif ;DalGw gLltx?sf] ;+ufnf], @)&)
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5g\ M
#=!= a9\bf] hg;+Vofsf] nflu Go"gtd vfBfGg tyf kf}li6s cfxf/sf]
cfjZostf kl/k" l t{ u/L ul/aL lgjf/0fdf ;xof] u ug] { .
#=@= g]kfnnfO{ t'ngfTds kdf kmfObf x'g] If]qxdf h}ljs k|ljlwsf]
k|of]u ug]{ .
#=#= cGt/f{li6o kdf k|lt:kwL{ Pj+ jftfj/0fLo kdf lbuf] jg, s[lif
tyf vfB If]qxsf] ljsf; ug{ of]ubfg lbg] h}ljs k|ljlwsf]
cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
#=$= h}ljs k|ljlw If]qdf Joj:yfksLo ;Lk clej[l4 ug]{, of]Uo
cg';Gwfgstf{ tyf lj1xnfO{ cfsif{0f ug],{ pBdlzntf clej[l4
ug]{ tyf ljz]if1 ;Lksf nflu dfu tyf cfk"lt{sf] ;Gt'ng sfod
ug]{ .
#=%= jftfj/0fLo xf; sd ug]{ tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;fwgxsf]
;+/If0f ug]{ .
#=^= u|fdL0f tyf /fli6o cfly{s k|0ffnLdf of]ubfg k'ofpg] u/L cg';Gwfgsf
glthfxnfO{ Jofj;flos k|of]udf kfGtl/t ug]{ s'/f ;'lglZrt
ug{ ;/n tyf gjLg sfo{qmdxsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
$= /0fgLlt M
pk/f]Qm p2]Zox k"/f ug{ b]xfosf /0fgLltsf] cjnDag ul/g]5 M
$=!= ;/sf/n] k|j4{s, ;xhstf{ / lgofdssf] kdf sfd ug]{ .
$=@= h}ljs k|ljlw tyf tt\;DaGwL If]qdf k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfsf] ljsf;
tyf cg';Gwfgsf] nflu k|fT] ;fxg tyf lgodgsf/L sfo{ ;+/rgfsf]
dfWodaf6 pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug]{ .
$=#= /fli6o cfjZostf, ahf/ dfu tyf If]qLo ljz]iftfsf cfwf/df
h}ljs k|ljlwhGo pBf]uxsf] :yfkgf ug]{ tyf To:tf pBf]unfO{
k|f]T;fxg Pj+ ;x'lnot lbg] .
$=$= h}ljs k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf Jofj;foLs/0fsf nflu cfjZos
sfg"gL Joj:yf ug]{ .
#$$
#$%
(International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology) sf] ;b:otf lng] / ;Dj4 If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6o
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