Problem:

Design an isolated flyback converter with the following specifications:

Vin = 250Vdc to 400Vdc
Vout = 12V
Iout = 10A
Output ripple = 100mVpp
The flyback should operate from discontinuous mode to continuous mode as you vary the input voltage from
minimum to maximum. The boundary condition should occur when the input is at 325Vdc. Use ideal
switches in the simulation. The flyback transformer should include a leakage inductance that is 1% of the
magnetizing inductance. You may vary the duty cycle manually in order to operate at the expected output
voltage and current.
a) At Vin=250V, plot the voltage across the primary switch. Discuss how this waveform shows that the
converter is operating in DCM. Plot Vout (show average value and ac ripple component), Iout and the
secondary diode current.
b) At Vin=325V, plot the voltage across the primary switch. Discuss how this waveform shows that the
converter is operating at the boundary. Plot Vout (show average value and ac ripple component), Iout
and the secondary diode current.
c) At Vin=400V, plot the voltage across the primary switch. Discuss how this waveform shows that the
converter is operating in CCM. Plot Vout (show average value and ac ripple component), Iout and the
secondary diode current.
Show all the calculations used in determining the transformer parameters and the output capacitor.
Manually plot the same waveforms taken from the simulations using your own calculations. You may draw
these and scan the images or you may use any image editing program to plot these in the computer.
Compute for the required duty cycles for all three operating modes at the three input voltages. Compare
these duty cycles with the duty cycles used in simulation. What account for their differences, if any?