1.

How are our federal and provincial governments

organized?
Government in Canada is organized into three and quite often four levels: federal,
provincial or territorial, and municipal (which is often subdivided into regional and local).
Each level is charged with various responsibilities by either the Constitution or a higher
level of government
http://www.craigmarlatt.com/canada/government/government.html

The three branches of government and the roots of

power.
Executive Branch
Executive Branch of Government in Canada. In Canada, the executive is comprised
of the Crown (the Head of State), represented by the Governor General, the Prime
Minister (the Head of Government) and the Cabinet.
https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/executive-branch

Judicial Branch
The judicial branch interprets the meaning of laws, applies laws to individual cases,
and decides if laws violate the Constitution. The judicial branch is comprised of the
Supreme Court and other federal courts. Supreme Court - The Supreme Court is the
highest court.
https://www.usa.gov/branches-of-government

Legislative Branch
The legislative branch is made up of the two houses of Congressthe Senate and
the House of Representatives. The most important duty of the legislative branch is to
make laws.
www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0774837.html

Public or Civil Service

A civil servant or public servant is a person in the public sector employed for a
government department or agency.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_service
The Public Service of Canada (known as the Civil Service of Canada prior to 1967) is the civil
service of the Government of Canada. Its function is to serve as the staff of the Canadian
Crown. The head of the Public Service of Canada is the Clerk of the Privy Council and he or
she is Canada's senior serving civil servant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Service_of_Canada

Leader of Opposition
The Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition (French: chef de la loyale opposition de Sa
Majest), or simply the
Leader of the Opposition (French: chef de l'opposition) is the leader of
Canada's Official Opposition, the party possessing the most seats in the House of Commons but is
not the governing party or part of the governing coalition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)

Bill
A bill is proposed legislation under consideration by a legislature.[1]
A bill does not become law until
it is passed by the legislature and, in most cases, approved by the executive. Once a bill has been
enacted into law, it is called an Act or a statute.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_(law)

Riding
An electoral district in Canada, also known as a "constituency" or a "riding", is a geographical
constituency upon which Canada's representative democracy is based. It is officially known in
Canadian French as a circonscription, but frequently called a comt (county).

Political Party
A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the
government. The party agrees on some proposed policies and programmes, with a view to
promoting the collective good or furthering their supporters' interests.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party

Caucus
A caucus is a meeting of supporters or members of a specific political party or movement. The term
originated in the United States, but has spread to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and
Nepal. As the use of the term has been expanded, the exact definition has come to vary among
political cultures.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucus

Cabinet Solidarity
Cabinet solidarity means that all members of cabinet must support cabinet

decisions. Cabinet ministers cannot dissociate themselves from or repudiate the

decisions of their cabinet colleagues unless they resign from the cabinet.
https://www.google.ca/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=C
abinet+solidarity

Responsible Government
Responsible government is a conception of a system of government that embodies the principle of
parliamentary accountability, the foundation of the Westminster system of parliamentary democracy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsible_government

Party Platform
A political party platform or platform is a formal set of principal goals which are
supported by a political party or individual candidate, in order to appeal to the general
public, for the ultimate purpose of garnering the general public's support and votes
about complicated topics or issues.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_platform

Representation by Population.

Representation by Population (Rep. by Pop.) is a method by which seats are allocated in

the House of Commons in such a way as to vary with population. The higher the
population of a province, the larger the number of seats allocated to that province will
be.
http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/federal/repbypop.htm

Riding or Constituency
An electoral district in Canada, also known as a "constituency" or a "riding", is a geographical
constituency upon which Canada's representative democracy is based. It is officially known in
Canadian French as a circonscription, but frequently called a comt (county).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)

By- Election
By-elections (known as special elections in the United States) are used to fill elected offices that
have become vacant between general elections.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By-election

Prime Minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often
in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_minister

Cabinet
A cabinet is a body of high-ranking state officials, typically consisting of the top leaders of the

executive branch. They are usually called ministers, but in some jurisdictions are sometimes called
secretaries.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_(government)