Chap 01 SM

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural
Chapter 1, Problem 1
A beam CAB with simple supports at A and B and an overhang AC carries loads as shown
in Figure P1.1. All forces are coplanar and two dimensional. Determine the shear force
and moment acting on the cross sections at the points D and E.
Figure P1.1
Chapter 1, Solution 1
2 kip/ft
24 kip ft
D A
2 RA
4
8
Segment CD
0:
0:
RB 2.5 kips
RA 10.5 kips
RB
2 kip/ft
MD
2 DVD
M D 12 ( 2)( 2 2 ) 4 kip ft
VD 4 kips
Segment CE
8 kips
4 A
10.5
VE
4 E
M E 8( 6) 10.5( 4) 6 kip ft
M E VE 2.5 kips
Chapter 1, Problem 2 and Problem 3
Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Two planar pin-connected frames are supported and loaded as shown in Figures P1.2
and P1.3. For each structure, determine the following:
Figure P1.2
Figure P1.3
(a) The components of reactions at B and C.
(b) The axial force, shear force, and moment acting on the cross section at point D.
(a)
8 kN m
C
RC
4
1
m 2m
3m
D
3
0:
0.8 RC ( 6) 0.6 RC ( 2 ) 24( 4 ) 0
RC 26667
. kN
RCx 16 kN ,
10 kN
B2m
RBy
2m
Then
RBx
0:
0:
RCy 21334
.
kN
RBx 16 kN
RBy 12.66 kN
( b ) Segment CD
8
16
4M
C 3 mD
VD
21.33
4
FD
M D 21334
. (3) 12(15
. ) 6( 2 ) 34 kN m
FD 16 kN
VD 21334
.
18 3334
.
kN
Chapter 1, Problem 2 and Problem 3

Two planar pin-connected frames are supported and loaded as shown in Figures P1.2
and P1.3. For each structure, determine the following:
Figure P1.2
Figure P1.3
(a) The components of reactions at B and C.
(b) The axial force, shear force, and moment acting on the cross section at point D.
(a)
3m
A
2
2m
RCx
Bx B 0 :
RM
B
0:
RCx 23 RCy
RCy
RBy
RCx
3
RCy
40
kN
40(C
5) 4 RCy 0
1
m
4m
Then
RCy 50 kN
RCx 75 kN
RBy 10 kN ,
(b)
FD
VD
MD
0.75
D
1.0
75
CCopyright
5
2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
50 4 3
RBx 75 kN
FD 75( 53 ) 50( 54 ) 85 kN
VD 75( 45 ) 50( 53 ) 30 kN
M D 75(1) 5( 0.75) 37.5 kN m
The piston, connecting rod, and crank of an engine system are shown in Figure P1.4.
Calculate
(a) The torque T required to hold the system in equilibrium.
(b) The normal force in the rod AB.
Given: A force P = 4 kips acts as indicated in the figure.
Figure P1.4
(a)
Free body entire connection
P A
RA
20
Segment AB
4ki A
p
(b)
FAB
B
6
RA 20
6
C
0:
and
4 2020.88 FAB 0,
RA ( 28 ) T 0
T 28 RA
AB
0:
20 2 6 2 20.88 in.
0:
4( 6 ) RA ( 20 ) 0
R A 12
. kips
T 33.6 kip in.
FAB 4176
. kips
A planar frame is supported and loaded as shown in Figure P1.5. Determine the reaction
at hinge B.
Figure P1.5
30
3 3
kips

B 4 C
4
2
1
Free body entire frame
1
2
0: 30(3) 12 RDy ( 4) RDy (10 ) 0

RDy 1125
. kips, RDx 5.625 kips
RDy
RDy RD
B
RBy
RBx 4
Free body BCD
0:
RBx 5.625 kips
0:
RBy 1125
. kips
5.6
RB
5.6252 1125
. 2 12.58 kips
11.

A hollow transmission shaft AB is supported at A and E by bearings and loaded as
depicted in Figure P1.6. Calculate the following:
Figure P1.6
(a) The torque T required for equilibrium.
(b) The reactions at the bearings.
Given: F1 = 4 kN, F2 = 3 kN, F3 = 5 kN, F4 = 2 kN.
y
RAy 4
A
RAz
3
kN
kN
0.3 m
REy
5 kN
C
E
1
m
REz
1m
0.5 m
(a)
or
0:
0.5
m
2 kN
x
0.3
m
3( 015
. ) 4( 015
. ) T 5( 015
. ) 2( 015
. )0
T 0.6 kN m
(b)
M 0:
M 0:
F 0:
z
( 4 3)(1) REy ( 2.5) 0,
REz ( 2.5) (5 2 )(3) 0,
0:
REy 2.8 kN
REz 8.4 kN
RAy 4 3 REy 0,
RAy 4.2 kN
R Az REz 5 2 0,
R Az 14
. kN
Thus
RA
4.2 2 14
. 2 4.427 kN
RE
2.8 2 8.4 2 8.854 kN
Pin-connected members ADB and CD carry a load W applied by a cable-pulley
arrangement, as shown in Figure P1.7. Determine
(a) The components of the reactions at A and C.
(b) The axial force, shear force, and moment acting on the cross-section at point G.
Given: The pulley at B has a radius of 150 mm. Load W = 1.6 kN.
Figure P1.7
(a)
RCy
RAy 0.5
RAx A
Dy 1 m
D
Dx
Bx
By
RCx
0.25
E m 1.6
D 0.15kN
m
1.6
kN
Bx
Dx D
y
By
150
mm
1.6
kN

Free body pulley B
0:
Bx 16
. kN
0:
B y 16
. kN
Free body CED
M 0:
F 0:
RCx (0.4) 16. ( 015

. ) 0,
Dx 06. 16. 0,
0:
RCx 06. kN
Dx 1 kN
RCy D y
Free body ADB
M 0:
F 0:
D y ( 0.5) B y (15
. ) 0,
RAy D y B y 0,
(b)
MG
FG
0:
RAx Dx Bx 0,
VG 0.6 B
G m
1.6
D y 4.8 kN ,
RCy 4.8 kN
R Ay 3.2 kN
RAx 0.6 kN
M G 16
. ( 0.6) 960 N m,
FG 16
. kN
VG 16
. kN
1.6
A bent rod is supported in the xz plane by bearings at B, C, D and loaded as shown in
Figure P1.8. Dimensions are in millimeters. Calculate moment and shear force in the rod
on the cross section at point E, for P1 = 200 N and P2 = 300 N.
Figure P1.8

Free body entire rod
R
M 0:
M 0:
x
Dy
( 0.25) 300( 01
. ),
RDy 120 N
200( 0.35) RBy ( 0.25) (300 120)( 0.2) 0
z C
RBy 136 N
Free body ABE
A
200
N
M
z
0:
Vy
100
175
136 N
z
0:
M z 200( 0.275) 136( 0175

.
) 0, M z 31.2 N m
V y 200 136 64 N
Redo Problem 1.8, for the case in which P1 = 0 and P2 = 400 N.
A bent rod is supported in the xz plane by bearings at B, C, D and loaded as shown in
Figure P1.8. Dimensions are in millimeters. Calculate moment and shear force in the rod
on the cross section at point E, for P1 = 200 N and P2 = 300 N.
Figure P1.8
Free body entire rod:
0:
M
z
RDy ( 0.25) 400( 0.1) 0,
0:
10
RDy 160 N
R By ( 0.25) ( 400 160)( 0.2) 0,
Segment ABE
A
B
192
N
Vy
0.175
m
Mz
At point E:
M z 192( 0175
. ) 336
. N m
V y 192 N
A gear train is used to transmit a torque T = 150 N m from an electric motor to a driven
machine (Figure P1.10). Determine the torque acting on driven machine shaft, Td,
required for equilibrium.
Figure P1.10
Side view
Top view
R By
F2
50 mm
F2
B
C
D
50 mm
100 mm
F1
Figure (c)
Figure (a)
150 N
A
F1
50 mm
Figure
(b)
M 0:
M 0:
M 0:
Fig. (b):
Fig. (a):
Fig. (c):
Td
F1 ( 0.05) 150 0,
F1 3 kN
F1 ( 01
. ) F2 ( 0.05) 0,
F2 6 kN
F2 (0.05) Td 0,
Td 0.3 kN m
A planar frame formed by joining a bar with a beam with a hinge is loaded as shown in
Figure P1.11. Calculate the axial force in the bar BC.
Figure P1.11
4 kips
3ft
3
kips
C
9 ft
B
A
Ry
Rx
4
18
R
Copyright
2004 The12
McGraw-Hill Companies
Inc.
ft
ft
11
12
Free body-entire frame
0:
R y (30) 3(18 ) 4(12 ) 0,
R y 3.4 kips
Free body-member BC
0:
Rx (9) R y (12 ) 0
and
Rx 43 (3.4) 4.533 kips

Thus
FBC R
( 4.533) 2 (3.4 ) 2 5.666 kips
A frame AB and a simple beam CD are supported as shown in Figure P1.12. A roller fits
snugly between the two members at E. Determine the reactions at A and C in terms of
load P.
Figure P1.12
P
RAx
40 o
2a
4a
RE
B
a
Free body-member AB
0:
RE ( 4a ) P cos 40 o ( a ) P sin 40 o ( 6a ) 0
RE 1156
. P
F 0:
x
0:
13
RAx P cos 40o 0.766 P

RAy 1156
.
P P sin 40 o 0,
RAy 0.513P
Free body-member CD
RE
RCx
C 2
a E
4a
RD
RCy
0:
RCy 0.771P
30 o
M 0: R sin 30 ( 6a ) R ( 2a ) 0,
F 0: R R cos 30 0.668 P
o
RE ( 4a ) RCy ( 6a ) 0
RD 0.771P
Cx
The input shaft to a gearbox operates at speed of n1 and transmits a power of 30 hp. The
output power is 27 hp at a speed of n2. What is the torque of each shaft (in kip in) and
the efficiency of the gearbox?
Given: n1 = 1800 rpm, n2 = 425 rpm.
From Eq. (1.17), we have T=63,000 hp/n.
Input shaft
T
63000(30)
1.05 kipgin.
1800
Output shaft
63000(27)
T
4.0 kipgin.
425
Equation (1.14) gives
e 27
30 0.9 90%
A punch press with a flywheel produces N punching strokes per minute. Each stroke
provides an average force of F over a stroke of s. The press is driven through a gear
reducer by a shaft.
Overall efficiency is e. Determine
(a) The power output.
(b) The power transmitted through the shaft.
Given: N = 150, F = 500 lb, s = 2.5 in., e = 88%.
(a) Referring to Eq. (1.12):
N
150
500 2.5
60
60
3,125 lbgin./s
power output Fs
(b) Using Eq. (1.14), power transmitted by the shaft:

power input 3,125 /(0.88) 3,551 lbgin/s
A rotating ASTM A-48 cast-iron flywheel has outer rim diameter do, inner rim diameter
di, and length in the axial direction of l (Figure 1.9). Calculate the braking energy
required in slowing the flywheel from 1200 to 1100 rpm.
Assumption: The hub and spokes add 5% to the inertia of the rim.
Given: do = 400 mm, di = 0.75do, l = 0.25do, = 7200 kg/m3 (see Table B.1).
Equation (1.10) becomes
2
2
Ek 12 I max
min
(a)
Here, mass moment inertia with 5 percent added:
14
I (1.05) 32
do4 di4 gl
15
(Table A-5)
1.05 32
0.44 0.34 (0.1)(7, 200)
1.299 kg gm 2
max 1200 601 20 rps 125.7 rad/s

min 1199 601 18.3 rps 115 rad/s
Equation (a) is therefore

Ek 12 (1.299) 125.7 2 1152
1, 673 J
A hollow cylinder is under an internal pressure that increases its 300-mm inner diameter
and 500-mm outer diameter by 0.6 and 0.4 mm, respectively. Calculate
(a) The maximum normal strain in the circumferential direction.
(b) The average normal strain in the radial direction.
(a)
2 ( r r ) 2 r r
2 r
r
0.3
2000
c i
150
0.2
800
c o
250
r ri 0.3 0.2
r o
1000
ro ri
250 150
(b)
A thin triangular plate ABC is uniformly deformed into a shape ABC, as shown by the
dashed lines in Figure P1.17. Determine
(a) The normal strain along the centerline OB.
(b) The normal strain along the edge AB.

(c) The shear strain between the edges AB and BC.
Figure P1.17
(a)
LOB a, LAB LBC a 2 1.4142a

0.0012a
OB
1200
a
(b)
1
(c)
LAB ' LCB ' a 2 (1.0012a ) 2 2 1.41506a

1.41506 1.41421
AB BC
601
1.41421
a
o
AB ' C 2 tan 1
89.931
1.0012a
Decrease in angle ABC is 90 89.931 = 0.069.
Thus

0.069
1200
180
A200 mm 250 mm rectangle ABCD is drawn on a thin plate prior to loading. After
loading, the rectangle has the dimensions (in millimeters) shown by the dashed lines in
Figure P1.18. Calculate, at corner point A,
16

(a) The normal strains x and y.
(b) The final length of side AD.
Figure P1.18
(a)
(b)
0.8 0.5
1200
250
0.4 0
2000
200
L' AD LAD x LAD LAD 1 x

250(1.0012) 250.3 mm
A thin rectangular plate, a = 200 mm and b = 150 mm (Figure P1.19) is acted on by a
biaxial tensile loading, resulting in the uniform strains x = 1000 and y = 800 .
Determine the change in length of diagonal BD.
Figure P1.19
17
LAB 800 106 150 120 103 mm
LAD 1000 106 200 200 103 mm
We have
L2BD L2AB L2AD
2 LBD LBD 2 LAB LAB 2 LAD LAD
or
LBD

LAB
LBD
AD
LAB LLBD
LAD
150
250
200
(120) 250
(200) 103 0.232 mm
(a)
As a result of loading, the thin rectangular plate (Figure P1.19) deforms into a
parallelogram in which sides AB and CD shorten 0.004 mm and rotate 1000 rad
counterclockwise, while sides AD and BC elongate 0.006 mm and rotate 200 rad
clockwise. Determine, at corner point A,
(a) The normal strains x and y and the shear strain x y.
(b) The final lengths of sides AB and AD.
Given: a = 50 mm, b = 25 mm.
Figure P1.19
(a)
18
x 0.006
50 120
0.004
25
19
160
xy 1000 200 800

(b)
L'AB LAB 1 y 25(1 0.00016) 24.996 mm

L'AD LAD 1 x 25(1 0.00012) 50.006 mm
When loaded, the plate of Figure P1.21 deforms into a shape in which diagonal AC
elongates 0.2 mm and diagonal BD contracts 0.5 mm while they remain perpendicular.
Calculate the average strain components x , y , and x y.
Figure P1.21
AC BD
300 2 300 2 424.26 mm
B ' D ' 424.26 0.5 423.76 mm,
A' C ' 424.26 0.2 424.46 mm
Geometry: A' B ' A' D '
B'
C'
D'
A'
x y
xy
A' D ' AD
AD
423.76

424.46
300
2 tan 1
423.76 2
424.46 2
300
363
1651
20

Chap 01 SM

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Chap 01 SM

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

Chapter 1, Problem 2 and Problem 3

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

0.8 RC ( 6) 0.6 RC ( 2 ) 24( 4 ) 0

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

Chapter 1, Problem 2 and Problem 3

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

M D 75(1) 5( 0.75) 37.5 kN m

Free body entire connection

T 33.6 kip in.

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

Free body entire frame

0: 30(3) 12 RDy ( 4) RDy (10 ) 0

Free body BCD

RBx 5.625 kips

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

( 4 3)(1) REy ( 2.5) 0,

REz ( 2.5) (5 2 )(3) 0,

2.8 2 8.4 2 8.854 kN

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

Free body CED

RCx (0.4) 16. ( 015

Free body ADB

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

200( 0.35) RBy ( 0.25) (300 120)( 0.2) 0

Free body ABE

M z 200( 0.275) 136( 0175

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

RDy ( 0.25) 400( 0.1) 0,

R By ( 0.25) ( 400 160)( 0.2) 0,

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

Free body-entire frame

R y (30) 3(18 ) 4(12 ) 0,

Rx 43 (3.4) 4.533 kips

( 4.533) 2 (3.4 ) 2 5.666 kips

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

RAx P cos 40o 0.766 P

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

(b) Using Eq. (1.14), power transmitted by the shaft:

Here, mass moment inertia with 5 percent added:

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

max 1200 601 20 rps 125.7 rad/s

Equation (a) is therefore

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

LOB a, LAB LBC a 2 1.4142a

LAB ' LCB ' a 2 (1.0012a ) 2 2 1.41506a

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

L' AD LAD x LAD LAD 1 x

Mechanical Design: An Integrated Approach - Ansel Ugural

Copyright 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.