PNG 410: Applied Reservoir Engineering

http://www.eme.psu.edu/faculty/lili.html

Remember that I am new teacher.

- Familiarity with course material
- Syllabus may keep on evolving
- I will try my best.
 Purpose of Education

Obtain knowledge (facts and methods)

Develop skills:
- Quantitative analysis skills
- Critical thinking skills
- Independent learning skills
- Communication skills
- Team work skills

What I will do: ask lots of questions.
- Keep you engaged.
- Understand and practice basic concepts.
- Help me understand where you stand.

Keep an interactive learning atmosphere.

What you can do: ask lots of questions.
- Keep you engaged.
- Understand and practice basic concepts.
- Help me understand where you stand.

Keep an interactive learning atmosphere.

Syllabus
Syllabus
 What is reservoir engineering?
What do reservoir engineers do?

Reservoir condition
Surface condition

What is this class about?

 General Introduction

Petroleum fluids
Petroleum reservoirs
Review of phase diagram
Types of reservoirs (w.r.t. to phase
diagram)
 Chemical Composition of Petroleum
Fluids
Hydrocarbons + trace amount of other
elements

McCain, 1990
Hundreds to thousands of chemical
compounds
 Chemical Composition of Petroleum
Fluids
Hydrocarbons -- organic compounds
Vary in numbers of carbon, with general
formula of CnHy
Saturated (single bonds), unsaturated
(multiple bonds)
Open chain, ring or cyclic
 Alkane (paraffin hydrocarbons)

Saturated single bond open chain series,

(CnH2n+2)

McCain, 1990
 Alkane (paraffin hydrocarbons)

methane ethane propane

n-pentane
n-butane

McCain, 1990
 Chemical Composition of Petroleum
Fluids

Saturated, open chain Unsaturated, open chain

Saturated, cyclic Unsaturated, cyclic Unsaturated, open chain

 Alkane (CnH2n+2)
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16

Petroleum fluids are very complex mixtures.

 McCain, 1990

Petroleum fluids are very complex mixtures.

 McCain, 1990
Petroleum fluids are very complex mixtures.
 Characterization of Petroleum Fluids

Chemical composition analysis

Physical Properties
color, odor, refractive index, density,
boiling point, melting point, viscosity

McCain, 1990
 Characterization of Petroleum Fluids

Specific gravity (): the ratio of density of the

liquid to the density of water, both at specified
T and P.
Typical values: 0.75 to 1.01
API gravity (American Petroleum Institute):

141.5
API 131.5

McCain, 1990
 Characterization of Petroleum Fluids

Chemical properties
Physical Properties (Fig.1-7)

McCain, 1990
 Characterization of Petroleum Fluids

The larger number of carbon, the higher boiling

and melting points, and the higher specific
gravity. McCain, 1990
 Distribution of Fluids in Reservoirs

Driving forces?
Oil zone
Gravitation Gas-oil transitional zone
Oil reservoir
Capillary water zone

Associated oil-
gas reservoir

Gas reservoir

(Fig. 1.3, amyx)

 Petroleum Reservoirs

a body of porous and permeable rock containing

oil and gas through which fluids may move toward
recovery openings under pressures existing or that
may be applied.

Sedimentary rocks
Lithology of Petroleum Reservoirs
Sandstone
100%

Limy sandstone shaly sandstone

Sandy limestone Sandy shale

Limestone Shale
100% Sandy Limy shale 100%
limestone

Fig.1.4, Amyx