JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership / M.Ed. in Curriculum and Instruction
EDUC 5324 Integrating Technology into Education
Name:

Kerime H. Sari

Date: 9/25/2016

Cite the reviewed article in APA format:

Waxman, H., Boriack, A., Yuan-Hsuan, L., & MacNeil, A. (2013). Principals' Perceptions
of the Importance of Technology in Schools. Contemporary Educational Technology,
4(3), 187-196.
INTRODUCTION
Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what is
the theoretical background or overarching theme):
(a) What are principals perceptions of the
importance of technology? and
(b) Do principals perceptions of technology differ by years of
experience and gender?

Purpose of the research:

This research was to examine of principals perspectives toward technology. Also to
focus on principal characteristics such as years of experience and gender.
METHODOLOGY
What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the
issue? Provide information regarding the following:
Participants: 310 principals (126 males and 184 females) from a large metropolitan
area in the southwest region of the United States. And the numbers of principals with
respect to the year of experiance as follows: with 104 participants
having 0-3 years of experience, 82 participants having 4-7 years, 55 participants having
8-11 years, 32 participants having 12-15 years, and 31 participants having greater than
15 years of experience.
Procedures: The reasearch survey was administered, designed by graduate students
in a Educational Leadership related program with qualitative and quantitative questions.
Data Collection Methods/Data Source:

- Due to the ide of "the use of cognitive interviewing further improves the validity of the
data" (Desimonte
& Le Floch, 2004) for this study only interviews were used for data.
Data Analysis:
- Data analysis started with reducing the data so the interviews were read several times
and they were coded into meaningful several categories.
- After the categories were determined, they were coded a 10% sample of responses for
consistency of coding. The inter-coder reliability results concluded a majority of
agreement (Cohens kappa = .94).

RESULTS
Findings or Results (or main points of the article):
- 35% of the principals were agreed on that technology being a primary
communication tool in schools.
- 28% of principals responded that technology is being used in instruction by teachers.
- 14% of principals said technology is being used for data sharing and management.
- 15% of principals indicated that technology is being used as a resource to find
information.
- 10% of principals used technology for administrative tasks, such as taking attendance.
- 10% of principals reported that technology is being used for student learning.
DISCUSSIONS
Conclusions/Implications (for your profession):
As a conclusion the resaearch conducted that principals have a positive view of
technology and principals' view for technology differs according to their gender and
years of experience. Also research indicated that principals agree on that technology is
efficient for in several school usages such us carrying out communication and
instruction. data sharing and management, as a resource, for administrative tasks and
for student learning.
On the other hand the research pointed out that future researches should examine these
differences, why they occur, and how do these effect technology leaderdship. Also future
studies can examine similar research questions at principals in other geographic regions
and from different types of schools such as public, private, and charter.
REFLECTIONS
Students Reflections (changes to your understanding; implications for your
school/work):
The research provided a brief and essential view of principals on technology use in
schools and the differences of views according to the gender and years of experience. I
think the research has a very special place in educational settings because there are
several studies which reports that school principals play a key role in determining

whether or not technology is integrated in their schools (Waxman, Boriack, Lee, &
MacNeil, 2013).
According to the research principals have a positive view on technology use in many
ways for instance communication, resource, student learning and these are very
essential keys to reduce teachers load outside of class, infact eases with more
accessable resources and evantually increases student learning. So the princapls
should be encouraged in technology use and supported to get trained and more capable
of enhancing the efficiency of technology in school uses.
Also I think besides very useful points out of this reseach, it's conclusions provide many
necessary questions for new researchs which will increase the effectiveness of
technology use in education.
Waxman, H., Boriack, A., Yuan-Hsuan, L., & MacNeil, A. (2013). Principals' Perceptions
of the Importance of Technology in Schools. Contemporary Educational Technology,
4(3), 187-196.