STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS

SECTION IX-1
901.01

PAVEMENT MARKINGS

Description

Pavement markings shall be as indicated on the Drawings, as specified herein and as directed by
the Engineer. The Contractor shall include all materials, labour, tools, equipment and
appurtenances required to complete the furnishing and installing of all pavement markings.

901.02

Pavement Marking Material

Pavement marking material shall comply with the AASHTO and BS EN specifications for white and
yellow reflective thermoplastic striping material, AASHTO Designation M249, or MMA cold plastic
road markings based on Methyl Methacrylate resin, BS EN 1436 and 1871, in accordance with the
Drawings, as specified herein and/or in the Particular Specifications, and included in the Bills of
Quantities

901.03
a.

Glass Beads
General. The glass beads shall be uniformly mixed throughout the striping material at
the rate of 720 grams of beads per litre. Immediate reflectance shall be accomplished
by an application of glass beads to the surface of the striping material at the time it is
applied. These beads shall be applied uniformly at a minimum rate of 200 grams per
square metre. Glass beads shall meet the following requirements:
1.

General Properties. The glass beads shall consist essentially of transparent,

water-white glass particles of a spherical shape. They shall be manufactured
from a glass composition designed to be highly resistant to traffic wear and to the
effects of weathering.

2.

Sieve Analysis. The glass beads shall meet the following gradation requirements.
U.S. Standard
Sieve Nos.

Percent Passing

20
30
50
100

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100
75-95
15-35
0-5

3.

Index of Refraction. The index of refraction of the glass beads shall be at least
1.65 when tested by the immersion method at 25 degrees C.

4.

Imperfections. The glass beads shall not contain more than 20 percent by weight
of dark particles or irregular shapes. The surface of the beads shall be free of pits
and scratches.

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5.

Chemical Stability. Glass beads that show a tendency toward decomposition,

including surface etching, when exposed to atmospheric conditions, moisture,
dilute acids or alkalies shall be rejected. The glass beads shall comply with
Federal Specification TT-B-1325D, Section 4.3, and water resistance (by toxhlet
extraction method), with the following exceptions: Under the testing procedure,
the size of sample to be tested shall be 25 grams. Under testing, the reflux time
shall be 5 hours and, upon examination after testing, the glass beads shall show
no dulling effect. If more than 3.5 mls. of 0.1N hydrochloric acid is used to reach
the end point, it shall constitute failure of the test.

6.

Reflectivity. Glass beads shall be tested for reflectivity by preparing a panel with
a minimum reflective area of 30 square centimetres.
White pavement marking material, approved by the Engineer, shall be applied to
the panels by means of a doctor blade to a wet film thickness of 0.40 mm. After
the thermoplastic has dried for approximately 5 minutes, glass beads shall be
applied in a uniform layer in the proportion of 720 grams of beads to 1 litre of
thermoplastic. The panels shall be allowed to dry for approximately 24 hours
before testing for reflectivity. The specific intensity (apparent candlepower per
footcandle per square foot) when tested at an angle of incidence of 0 and an
angle of divergence of 1/3 degree shall be at least 2.0.

b.

Samples. Prior to commencement of the work, the Contractor shall furnish the Engineer
with a sample of three kilograms of the beads and the manufacturer's specification for
approval.

c.

Requirements. Glass beads shall comply with all requirements as specified herein. The
glass beads shall be dispensed by a pneumatic spray-type apparatus made specifically
for that purpose. The glass beads shall be applied at the rate as specified herein.
A binder sealer for adhesion may be sprayed if required by the manufacturer.

901.04

Method of Execution of the Works

The Contractor shall install all materials in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions
and as directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall comply with all requirements as specified
herein and as may be specified in the Particular Specifications.

901.05

Layout for Pavement Markings

The Contractor shall layout the work in accordance with the Drawings and as directed by the
Engineer. The layout shall include necessary painting operations to place the pavement markings
in accordance with the Drawings or instructions of the Engineer.

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901.06

Tolerances for Pavement Markings

Longitudinal lines shall be reasonably straight and the lines shall not deviate more than 5 cm in
100 metres. STOP, crosswalk, and parking space lines shall not deviate from the Drawings more
than 2% (two percent).
Pavement markings outside the above tolerances shall be removed and reinstated or corrected at
the expense of the Contractor.

901.07

Cleaning of Pavement

The pavement surface shall be thoroughly cleaned prior to the application of the thermoplastic.
The Engineer may direct that the surface be cleaned with a mechanical broom.

901.08

Protection of Pavement Markings

Rubber or plastic traffic cones shall be used to protect pavement markings from marring by traffic
as directed by the Engineer. The traffic cones shall be placed on or near the line at the time the
thermoplastic is applied and shall remain until it has dried, or in accordance with the directions of
the Engineer. The traffic cones shall be collected by a follow-up vehicle and crew.
During application operations, a large working sign with the marking "TRAFFIC STRIPING" in
Arabic and English shall be placed at the beginning of each operation. The Engineer may direct
that other safety signs be placed at various locations to guide or warn traffic regarding the
operation.

901.09

Pavement Markings

Pavement markings shall be as indicated on the Drawings and shall comply with the following:
a.

Broken Stripes or Lines. The Engineer may direct that the stripes or lines be broken into
segments, with unmarked gaps between. The broken lines shall be as indicated on the
Drawings and as directed by the Engineer.

b.

Transverse Lines. The Engineer may specify transverse lines for stop lines, crosswalk
lines or other lines indicated on the Drawings. These lines must receive special attention
in both the application and protection from marring by traffic.

c.

Symbols or Traffic Arrows. Traffic arrows or symbols may be specified by the Engineer
at designated locations. Details of these arrows or symbols are indicated on the
Drawings. The total area of the symbol or arrow will not exceed three (3) square metres.

901.10
a.

Machinery and Equipment Utilized in Application of Pavement Markings

General. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for approval full detailed
descriptions of each item of equipment which is to be used, together with the appropriate

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manufacturer's catalogues, technical data, and/or pamphlets of the machinery or

equipment to be utilized on the site prior to commencement of the Works.
The following equipment listed below shall be available for this work and the Contractor
is to keep the equipment well serviced and maintained in good condition throughout
the pavement marking application works.
b.

Pavement Marking Machine. The pavement marking machine shall be specifically

designed for pavement marking and manufactured by a company experienced in
producing this type of equipment and shall be capable of installing the thermoplastic
marking material in accordance with these Standard Specifications and as may be
specified in the Particular Specifications.

c.

Rotary Power Broom Machine. The rotary power broom machine shall be specifically
designed and manufactured by a company experienced in producing this type of
equipment. It shall be mounted on a rubber tired, self-propelled unit having sufficient
weight and power to operate the broom at a maximum speed of 15 kilometres per hour
efficiently. This rotary power broom machine shall comply with the following minimum
requirements:
1.

50 H.P. water-cooled engine.

2.

Four forward and one reverse speed transmission.

3.

Hydraulic braking system.

4.

Power assisted steering.

5.

Broom raising and lowering control system capable of operation without

the operator having to leave his position.

6.

Broom unit of minimum 76 cm diameter and minimum 1 metre in length.

In addition to the above minimum requirements, the Contractor shall make

available, all brooms, fittings and any other additional attachments in order to complete
the Works in a proper manner and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
d.

Pick-up Truck. Small pick-up truck of approved manufacture with one-half (1/2) ton
rated capacity for the distribution and collection of traffic cones.

e.

Traffic Cones. Approved pattern traffic cones made from durable rubber or plastic and
having a minimum height of 50 cm.

901.11

Removal of Existing Pavement Markers and Markings

Where shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall
remove all existing pavement markers and markings that are no longer required, or applicable,
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due to the proposed improvements.

Markers shall be physically removed and the wearing course repaired in accordance with the
requirements of Section IV-5, Pavement Repairs, of the Standard Specifications.
The Contractor shall totally remove all pavement markings by sandblasting and repair the
wearing course in accordance with the requirements of Section IV-5, Pavement Repairs, of these
Standard Specifications.

901.12

Measurement and Payment

No separate measurement or payment will be made by the Department for Section IX-1, Pavement
Markings, except as described below and as included in the Bills of Quantities.
a.

Measurement. Measurement for pavement markings will be by the square metre or by

the Item or as indicated in the Particular Specifications or in the Bills of Quantities. In
general, the measurement for pavement markings will be as follows:
1.

Broken and Solid Stripes or Lines. The method of measurement will be the
computed linear metres of the marked segments only, of each width of stripe or
line separately.

2.

Symbols or Traffic Arrows. The method of measurement will be by square metre

for the completed arrows or symbols.

3.

Chevrons. Measurement of chevrons will be by square metre of each completed

chevron.

b.

Payment. Payment for the respective Items of Pavement Markings (as described
in the Bills of Quantities) will be at the unit rates per number, per square metre, per
linear metre or other unit as included in the Bills of Quantities, which rate shall be
considered as full compensation for furnishing and installing the markings and shall be
deemed to include, but not be limited to, materials, equipment, labour, workmanship,
protection from marring and other related costs and all things necessary to complete
the Works in accordance with these Standard Specifications, the Drawings and as
directed by the Engineer.

c.

Removal of Existing Pavement Markers and Markings. Measurement for removal of

existing pavement markers as described in the Bills of Quantities will be by the number
of markers removed on site as approved by the Engineer.
Measurement for the removal of existing pavement markings as described in the Bills
of Quantities will be by the square metre of markings removed on site as approved by
the Engineer.
Payment for the Items, Removal of Existing Pavement Marker and Removal of Existing

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Pavement Markings will be at the unit rates as included in the Bills of Quantities which
rate shall be considered as full compensation for all materials, labour, tools, equipment
and appurtenances as required, as specified, and as directed by the Engineer.

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