HYDROLOGY 1

Hydrology & Hydrologic Cycle:

Phases of Hydrological
y
g
Cycle,
y
Philippine
pp Watersheds
h Manuell B.Vergell
John
BS
CE, MS
CE
BS-CE,
MS-CE

Introduction
y Hydrology treats of the waters of the Earth
Earth, their occurrence
occurrence,

circulation,
l
, andd ddistribution,
b
, their
h chemical
h
l andd physical
phy l
properties and their relation to living things.
properties,
things

y Hydrology
Hydrology is the study of water
water
y It is the science that encompasses the occurrence,
occurrence distribution
distribution,

movement andd properties

p p
off the
h waters off the
h earthh andd their
h
relationship with the environment within each phase of the
hydrologic cycle

y Engineering
g
g Hydrology
y
gy includes those segments
g
of the field

pertinent
ti t tto planning,
l i ddesign,
i andd operation
ti off engineering
i
i
projects for the control and use of water.
water

Hydrologic
y
g Cycle
y
.

Hydrologic
y
g Cycle
y
1
1.

Evaporation - the transformation of water from liquid to

gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water
i the
into
h overlying
lyi g atmosphere.
ph Th
The source off energy
gy ffor
e aporation
evaporation
p
is pprimarily
primarily solar radiation.
radiation

2
2.

Transpiration
T
pi ti - the
th release
l
off water
t vapor
p from
f
plants
pl t
and soil into the air.
air Water vapor is a gas that cannot be
seen.
seen

3
3.

Sublimation - the state change directly from solid water

(snow or ice) to water vapor.

Hydrologic
y
g Cycle
y
4
4.

Condensation - the transformation of water vapor to

liquid water droplets in the air,
air creating clouds and fog.
fog

5.

Transportation is the movement of water through the

Transportationatmosphere,
ph , specifically
p f lly from
f
over the
h oceans to over lland.
d
S
Some
off the
h earth's
h' moisture
i
transport
p is
i visible
i ibl as clouds,
l d,
which
hi h th
themselves
l consist
i t off iice crystals
y t l and/or
d/
ti y water
tiny
t droplets.
d pl t

6
6.

Precipitation Condensed water vapor that falls to the

PrecipitationEarth'ss surface . Most precipitation occurs as rain, but also
Earth
includes snow, hail, fog drip, graupel and sleet.

Hydrologic
y
g Cycle
y
7
7.

Deposition
p
- this refers to changing
g g of water vapor
directly to ice

8.

a. Infiltration - the flow of water from the ground

surface
f into the
h ground.
g
d O
Once infiltrated,
fl
d, the
h water
b
becomes
soil
il moisture
i
or groundwater.
g
d
b. Percolation - Water flows vertically through the soil
b
and rocks under the influence of gravity.
gravity

Hydrologic
y
g Cycle
y
9
9.

aa. Surface Flow - is flow from a drainage basin or

watershed that appears in surface streams.
streams The flow is made
upp partly
p ly off pprecipitation
ipi i that
h ffalls
ll di
directly
ly on the
h stream ,
surface runoff that flows
flo s over
o er the land surface and through
g
channels subsurface runoff that infiltrates the surface soils
channels,
aand moves
oves laterally
ate a y towa
towardss tthee stream.
st ea .
b. Groundwater Flow - is flow from deep percolation
through
h gh the
h soill hhorizons. PPart off the
h subsurface
b f flflow
enters
t the
th stream
t
quickly,
q i kly while
hil th
the remaining
i i g portion
p ti mayy
take a longer period before joining the water in the stream.
stream
Part of the subsurface flow enters the stream quickly, while
th remaining
the
i i g pportion
ti mayy ttake
k a llonger
g period
p i d bbefore
f
joining the water in the stream.
stream

Phili i
Philippine
Watersheds
y Philippine
Philippiness

Major
M
j B
Basins
i
(source: NWRB)

Philippine
pp
Watersheds
y Philippine
Philippiness

Major
M
j B
Basins
i
(source: NWRB)

Philippine
pp
Watersheds
y Philippine
Philippiness

Major
M
j B
Basins
i
(source: NWRB)

Phili i
Philippine
Watersheds
y Pampanga
g

River Basin
Ri
B i
(source: PRBFFWC )

Philippine
pp
Watersheds
y Cagayan
gy

Ri Basin
River
B i