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'Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality' , should i take one side or
write about both since it is a debative topi
MAIN STATEMENT : Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality
STEP 1 : FIRST HALF OF YOUR ESSAY
You should Discuss
1) HOW Digital economy: A leveller of economic inequality AND
2) WHAT are the factors that makes Digital economy a leveller of economic inequality
3) Challenges faced by Digital economy in removing economic inequality
4) Suggested Measures to Overcome the challenges
STEP 2 : SECOND HALF OF YOUR ESSAY
1) HOW Digital economy: A source of economic inequality
2) WHAT are the factors that makes Digital economy a source of economic inequality
3) DRAWBACKS in the Digital economy that making it as a source of economic inequality
4) Suggested Measures to remove the DRAWBACKS in the Digital economy that is making it
act as a source of economic inequality .
STEP 3 : FAIR JUDGEMENT on the Essay ( You should write it in a Optimistic manner
stating that "Digital Economy is a leveller on economic Inequality as well as a SOURCE OF
ECONOMIC EQUALITY by Validating with any EXAMPLE/EVENT Where you could
correlate the aforesaid Fair Judgement made on the essay :)
STEP 4 : Giving a Holistic approach on the essay ( What are the BENEFITS of making
Digital Economy a Leveller of economic Inequality AND A source of ECONOMIC
EQUALITY .

STEP 5 : What are the PROBLEMS that could arise ,if you are NOT able to make Digital
Economy a leveller of economic Inequality AND a source of economic Equality
STEP 6 : Conclusion : The Way Forward OR Future scope of a world Where Digital
Economy being a leveller of economic Inequality AND a source of economic Equality
QUERRY: instead of the word "or" in the question,had it been "and" . how that had might
impacted the essay, because yr explanation seems tilted toward the latter.
TOPIC OF THE ESSAY ,If it was "AND" instead of " OR "
TOPIC : Digital economy: A leveller AND a source of economic inequality
MAIN STATEMENT : Digital economy: A leveller of economic inequality AND a source of
economic inequality
OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE MAIN STATEMENT : Digital economy: A leveller of economic
inequality AND NOT a source of economic inequality
ROUGH DRAFT :)
1) INTRODUCTION
A) Give a basic explanation of Digital economy
B) You can use a short story to tell how Digital economy is a leveller of economic inequality
AND a source of economic inequality OR give reference to it from Historical Point of view
( You must to think for a story that can be correlated with the MAIN STATEMENT )
2) VALIDITY OF THE MAIN STATEMENT
A) Historical dimension /Social Dimension
B) Economy dimension / polity dimension / scientific dimension /environment dimension /
International dimension
C) Economy dimension / polity dimension / scientific dimension /environment dimension /
International dimension
3) VALIDITY OF THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE STATEMENT
A) Economy dimension / polity dimension / scientific dimension /environment dimension /
International dimension

B) Economy dimension / polity dimension / scientific dimension /environment dimension /

International dimension
C) Economy dimension / polity dimension / scientific dimension /environment dimension /
International dimension
VALIDATING here refers to bring out the context of the "MAIN STATEMENT " and the "
OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE MAIN STATEMENT " from an example OR an event through
various dimension :)
4) FAIR JUDGEMENT
A) You would Analyze the aforesaid EVENTS and cite the REASON that make you feel
Digital Economy is a source of economic inequality AND NOT a source of economic
inequality at times .You can cite the ISSUE that makes Digital economy a source of
economic inequality
B) BENEFITS of solving the ISSUE that makes Digital economy a source of economic
inequality
C) DRAWBACKS of NOT solving the ISSUE that makes Digital economy a source of
economic inequality
5) CONCLUSION
A) Suggested Measures to SOLVE the ISSUE that makes Digital economy a source of
economic inequality
B) Way forward OR future scope of having a Digital economy Which is a leveller as well as
NOT a source of economic inequality :)
NOTE :)
There are Different ways the OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE STATEMENT can be interpreted as
shown below :)
CASE 1 : MAIN STATEMENT : Digital economy: A leveller of economic inequality AND a
source of economic inequality
CASE 2 : OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE MAIN STATEMENT ( VERSION 1 ) : Digital economy:
A leveller of economic inequality AND NOT a source of economic inequality

CASE 3 :OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE MAIN STATEMENT ( VERSION 2 ) : Digital economy:

NOT A leveller of economic inequality BUT a source of economic inequality
CASE 4 : OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE MAIN STATEMENT ( VERSION 3 ) : Digital economy:
NOT A leveller of economic inequality AND NOT a source of economic inequality
I preferred to use the CASE 1 and CASE 2 for the above ROUGH DRAFT for explanation
purpose :)

Topic: Employment

8) For past many years India has been

experiencing jobless growth and in
recent years its been reported that
India has created very few jobs. How
can you explain the jobless growth?
Examine the impact of jobless growth
on Indias demographic dividend and
measures needed to halt this trend

For past many years India has been experiencing jobless growth and in recent years its
been
reported that India has created very few jobs. How can you explain the jobless growth?
Examine the impact of jobless growth on Indias demographic dividend and measures
needed to halt this trend. (200 Words)
In recent times, problem of jobless growth has plagued the one of the fastest moving
economy in world,India. Jobless growth has the following characterstics a. Rate of growth of labour force is greater than the rate of job creation. As per economic
survey 2014-15, in india growth rate of labour force has been 2.23 % while growth rate of
employment is 1.4% .
b. second, disguise unemployment and non structural change growth is also the
characterstics of jobless growth. In India, more than 50% percent workforce is employed in
agricultural sector with less than 30 percent contribution in GDP.
Jobless growth has the adverse affect on the demographic dividend in following waysa. It will lead to social unrest with the increased incidences of crime,theft and agitations as
seen in case gurjar and jat communities fighting for reservation.
b. It will make population a liability rather than an asset.
c. It will increase the dead subsidy burden in forms of schemes like NREGS (national rural
employment generation schemes)
d. It will worsen the performance of various socio-economic parametrs like health,
education,poverty etc.
Following measures need to be taken to halt the processa. Making young population employable by providing skill education and by halting the
drop outs at high school and secondary high school level.
b. Making small and medium enterprises the engine of growth as their employing capacity is
four times more than the big MNC firms.
c. By promoting structural challenge and shifting excess manpower from agriculture to
manufacture sector by programmes like make in India.
d. Developing and promoting entrepreneurial skills among youths with the programs like
stand up India, Atal, Setu etc.
It is urgent to halt this jobless growth trend and implement above said measures to reap the
benefits of demographic dividend and promote sustainable and inclusive growth.

Why Jobless growth?

1.Agriculture -growth stagnated and hardly there is any capital formation over the past few
decades.On the other hand agriculture and related activities still sources of employment for

over 50% of people .But stagnation has led to lack of sufficient job creation =>job less
growth
2.Industry-Manufacturing which has been traditionally less skill intensive naturally fitted to
labor force in India, has hardly got much presence as seen in the data of IIP of past few
decades.Industrial contribution to GDP has been less than its potential.Even minuscule
manufacturing present in India is not of Jeans Model type but it demands quality skills.
Thus lack of job creation
3.Service sector -It has grown rapidly but is of more capital intensive rather than labor
intensive and requires typical skills and hence leads to less % of labor qualifying for its
needs and
4. Withdrawal of public sector which used to be major job creator and filling the gap by
private investment post liberalization phase.But intended benefits in job creation has hardly
met.
Jobless growth refers to the phenomenon of increase in GDP and other economic growth
factors in the country, without the simultaneous growth in employment opportunities. This
happens due to various structural, social and economic reasons, like:
1. Growth dominated by service sector, without much growth in industrial and agricultural
sector, which has majority of population
2. Non progressive labour reforms
3. Lack of ease of doing business in India, which hampers the entrepreneurial spirit
4. Manufacturing sector could not take off as expected due of infrastructure, capital and raw
material limitations
5. Lack of practical knowledge to youth, which makes them unemployable graduates
All such reasons are severely hampering the efficient usage of the demographic dividend in
the country, with the following impacts:
1. Rising farmer suicides due to increased debt burden
2. Lesser jobs will mean lesser demand, leading to unsustainable growth
3. Joblessness leads to low social confidence and the more vulnerability to extremist ideas
4. There can be rise in crime due to large scale joblessness
5. The objective of inclusive governance will be defeated, with the majority youth being
excluded from development process
Solutions can include:
1. More vigour in facilitating industrial growth through Make in India and vocational
education through Skill India
2. Ease of doing business should be increased to encourage entrepreneur culture
3. Filling the job vacancies in govt sector with youth, instead of calling retired officials back
4. Reforms in MSME sector to facilitate growth of small industries on par with the service
tech giants

All such measures will go a long way in helping India achieve its goals in economic
sustainability and strengthening it as a global power.

For past many years, India has been facing a jobless growth owed to factors like
employability, globalization, technology driven production of goods which resulted in the
under utilization of demographic dividend.
Jobless Growth: It is scenario when a specific country finds it GDP growth for a time period
but without generation of jobs in proportion to its GDP growth. India is also going through
this phase.
Jobless Growth Impact on India's Demographic Dividend:
1. Growth of Naxalites, Extremists: Less employment opportunities attracted youth towards
it. For Example: Bastar in Chhattisgarh, ISIS militant groups, etc.
2. Impoverishment: leading to poor education, health, HDI and other growth parameters.
3. More Government spending through subsidies leaving fiscal consolidation at backside so
increasing fiscal deficit.
4. Increase in crimes and vulnerable sections including women, minority section will be at
danger side.
5. More demand for the reservation for jobs like agitation of Jats, Patels putting at risk the
public order.
Measures needed to hault the trend:
1. Increase employability: Government through Skill India Mission, PMKVY, are providing
skills training in various sectors.
2. Promote the environment for Start-Ups in the country. Government in this direction have
launched Start-Up India and Stand-Up India.
3. Government needs to control the inflation in a sustained manner through fiscal
consolidation as this will lead to creation of demand leading to business expansion and
creation of jobs.
4. Promote Ease of Doing Business.
5. As India's more than 50% population indulge in agriculture, there is need to encourage
them to engage not only in agriculture but also its allied sectors.
6. Promote MSME sector as maximum employment generation is seen through this sector.
As Mahatma Gandhi also indicated that there must be production by mass and not mass
production and by applying this, India will surely be a country of workforce and that will be
the full utilization demographic dividend.

India needs to generate 115 million non-farm jobs over the next decade to gainfully employ
its workforce and reap its demographic dividend. however, this is not the direction India is
traversing in reality. The economic survey 2014-15 mentions that during the last
decade(2001-11), the growth rate of labour force(2.23 %) was significantly higher than the
growth of employment(1.4), which itself was several fold less than the growth rate of
economy.
This jobless growth can be explained as follows 1. poor relative growth of the labour-intensive manufacturing sector
2. low employment elasticity of agriculture which is the biggest employer in india
3. poor employability of the labour force owing to large scale poverty and high drop out
rates
4. MSMEs(which employ 40% of workforce, generate 45 % of india's manufacturing output
and 40% of india's total exports) face several issues like poor access to credit, erosion of
state protection, rigid labour laws etc.
5. rigid labour laws are one reason due to which employers opt for capital intensive
technologies so as to avoid any hussles
6. decrease in the number of available govt jobs
adverse impact on india's demographic dividend
1. poverty, lack of education, malnutrition and what not
2. social unrest leading to further loss to the ecconomy as seen in the recent jat and patidar
andolans
3. diversion of youth towards extremist ideas and rise in crime rates
4. lesser jobs means lesser demand which will further lead to economic glut
measures needed
1. main thrust should be upon skilling the youth vs programs like Skill India, PMKVY,
NSDM etc and also incresing expenditure on education
2. MSMEs need to be encouraged by easy access to credits and easing regulations

3. amending the rigid labour laws and facilitating ease of doing business
4. the programmes like Make in India must exclusively focus on labour intensive industries
and sectors rather than highly capitalistic multinationals
5. encouraging young entrepreneurs from initiatives like Standup India, SETU etc

You seem to have mixed cause of jobless growth and meaning of it. Please structure 1st
point.
Intro is good
Add conclusion. You seem to have mixed cause of jobless growth and meaning of it. Please
structure 1st point.
Intro is good
Add conclusion.

As per census 2011, India recorded 7.7% average gdp growth in last decade whereas 1.8%
growth only registered in employment. It interprets that a large number of work force were
unemployed. There is an estimate that around 10 million people enter job market every
month in our country
India's job less growth is explained through
A. Large number of Indian youth are unemployable:- fine, students graduated from
management, engineering institutions are provided white collar jobs with some kind of pre
training. On the other hand, workforce coming from agricultural is not getting jobs because
their low skills and non availability of blue collar jobs even.
B. Small, medium enterprises: smes catering 40% employment, 45% manufacturing base
and registering 40% of all exports. such a vibrant sector has been neglected in the recent
years. 95% industries registered under smes are not having bank linkage and also struggling
to get credit.
Impact of jobless growth on demographic dividend:
Socio economic problems such as poverty (still 21%), large chunk of population is requiring
govt intervention through pds, health insurance, low per capita income etc
According to our president, India needs 115 million jobs over the next decade to gainfully
employ it's workforce and get demographic dividend.

Measures to rectify jobless growth:

A. Stand up india, start ups, mudra yojana initiatives of govt are intended to create new
entrepreneurs, as a result huge employment to accommodate enormous productive age
population (aged 15 -59 years) need to be implemented in spirit.
B. Industry academy tie must be explores like stand Ford, yale universities in abroad. No
country has developed without sound education and industry participation.
C. No laxity on part of imparting skills which is being done by a separate ministry.
D. A gradual shift towards German schooling system where pupils are vocationally trained
in different trades after their primary schooling. So that once these pupils pass out high
schools are readily employable.
Please review

In a jobless growth unemployment remains stubbornly high even as the economy grows. A
demographic dividend is about the falling dependency ratio which is a source of economic
growth and prosperity due to the larger proportion of workers relative to non-workers.
However, this benefit is temporary because the larger pool of working age people will
eventually turn into non-working old people.
Impact of jobless growth on Indias demographic dividend
1. Economic burden - due to increase in non-working people and hence government are
looked upon it for its welfare schemes
2. Intended inclusive growth is unable to trickle down to the last section of the society
3. Rise in social unrest e.g. recent violence in Gujarat and Haryana for job reservation
4. Casualization of labour and informalisation of employment
5. Threat of conversion of demographic dividend to demographic liability and demographic
disaster
Measures to change this trend
1. By increasing level of education and employment
2. Recently launched Make in India, Start up India and Stand up India will surely play a
critical role in providing employment
3. Similary MGNREGS can be strenghthened further
4. Improving literacy levels
5. Improving sex ratio and minimising gendered bias will bring more women in employment

sector
6. Addressing disguised employment for better economic growth
Therefore, to achieve higher economic growth and favorable demographic conditions
government has to establish it through sound institutions, good policies, and investment in
healthcare and education.

The era of LPG has been one of jobless, ruthless, rootless growth by prominent cholars &
there has been hardly any improvemtnt till now.
Possible reasons
1. Opening up of economy boosted services sector mainly, which needs skilled personnel
India has inadequate human capital ie., huge majority of Indian workers are unskilled which
push them towards agricultural sector
2. Inadequate growth of manufacturing sector which could have employed semi skilled
personnel or train unskilled ppl
3. Lack of professionalism in skilling sector overlapping between 20 Govt depts. For
skilling in various specialised divisions.
4. Lack of coherence between skill imparting & specific need of skills by industries render
workers unemployable
5. Lack of quality human capital malnutrition, poverty, illiteracy, etc
6. Lack of physical infrastructure eg. Digital India could have helped start ups but lack of
electricity, broadband infrastructure hampering that
Imapct on demographic dividend(DD)
1. India has large no. Of youth between 15-50 years of age who are in need of employment
jobless growth demotivates them, can lead to chaos like patidar aggression
2. India losing huge opportunity where its DD can be sent to countries liek Japan, Europea
countries who hae ageing population
3. Economic growth s hamering because no jobs, no savings, no investment & addl. Burden
on Govt for social services

Measures needed
1. Skill India started by Govt with an aim to skill youth in alignment with industrial needs
2. Start up India, Stand up India scheme to kick start start ups in diff sectors
3. Several schemes like Jan Dhna Yojana, Mudra for financial inclusion, finaamcing MSMEs
4. Digital India which will build infra for broadband,
5. DDU scheme for electricity in villages
6. Better implementation of these schemes, & PDS, midmay meal, SBA schemes, which
would help in building social capial

The only thing i can suggest you is in improving the structure of the answer..and woh bhi i
guess bas last part mein thoda sa missing hai
Somehow, you have to write more in less works..rather than writing 6 points to show that
you have points, you can reduce the space and club them..for example a sub-heading of
financial inclusion and then writing startup skill jan dhan mudra etc and one line or two
about the significance of the sub-heading

Answer-jobless groth is the increase in GDP growth without increasing employment

rate.india is having jobless growth.
Impacts of jobless growth on india's demeographic dividend:
1.
there will be demands of reservation in government jobs.
2.
poverty will increase and will affect individual development.
3.
th e people can take bad means to get employment thus resulting in the increase of
corruption.

4.
the opportunity of less jobs will lead to uusustainable growth.
5.
there can be rise in crimes due to large scale joblessness.
Measures need to be taken by india:
1.
MGNREG scheme will be implemented effectively to provide
employment to the rural people.
2.
financial help should be given to the people to get employment
through MUDRA ,ayment banks.
3.
skill for employment should be imparted to the students through
skill india programme.
4.
recruitments in the instutions and boards should be filled by commissions and boards.
5.
ease of doinbg business should be increased to create a good
enterpreneur culture.
to create job opportunity is very important for a indian economic growth.the huge skilled
workforce will boost indian economy.so india should create jobs throgh its programmes
and schems.

Nice one. Try to link the points with the current scenario. For instance, you have raised the
issue of reservation, so you must cite the current reservation agitation occurred in the
country which makes the answer more practical rather than theoretical.

The recent LABOUR SURVERY REPORT shows that employment generation has been
decreasing (from9 lakh in 2011 to 1.3 lakh in 2015) india. though economy has been growing
at fast pace due to liberalisation, service sector, the employment generation has been
decreasing due to shortfall of skills, low employment absorption of service sector, non viable
nature of agriculture in recent times. so it is obvious the that country has been experiencing
jobless growth.
Impact on demographic dividend;
1). Jobless growth exacerbates the problem of unemployment and underemployment. So it
directly decreases quality of life of people and increases poverty.
2). shortage of skilled labor decreases the economic activities and industrial production. so
it reduces the growth rate of economy.
3). frustrated unemployed youth will seek illegal, antisocial activities. So increases social
disturbance
and threat to peace.
Measures to curb the jobless growth;
1) .main cause of jobless growth is lack of skills among our youth. so it is required to impart
skills through industrial ,vocational training. The strict implementation of skill india,
PMKVY, DDU-GKY will bear fruitfull results.
2). concerted efforts are needed that to revitalise and strengthen the SMEs and
manufacturing sector as these sectors have higher labor absorbing capacity.
3). incentivising more Greenfield investment, increasing budget allocation to the education
sector and skill oriented educational reforms will reap the demographic dividend of our
third largest economy.
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Silver Lining Sree 7 months ago

fair answer overall | try to avoid numbers/stats that you won't be able to remember
in the actual exam | (in my understanding) the primary cause of jobless growth is
that this "growth" is being driven by sectors (large industries) that are relatively
less labour intensive (and more capital intensive) | on the other hand, if the said
growth were to be brought about by MSMEs, a corresponding increase in jobs
would have been noticed (MSMEs are very labour intensive i.e. per unit rise in
growth causes a substantial rise in employment) | the measures you have listed "to
curb jobless growth" are good, but I think it would be better if you could combine
measures 1 and 2 in a single para | overall well done (in my limited
understanding :-)

Jobless growth is the increasing in GDP growth rate without increasing employment rate.
Economic survey explains it with employment elasticity which measures employment
generation with economic output. It has been decreased from 0.52 in 1970 to 0.01 in 2014.
IMPACT OF JOBLESS GROWTH :
Asset can be turned into liability if demographic dividend not used properly
SOCIAL IMPACT
1 Social unrest : demands of reservation in government job. Decrease in social and moral
values of society.
2 Problems of naxalism will be reached to urban middle class which is largely unaffected.
3 Rise in communalism : political parties will use emotional aspect to escape from real issue
like employment.
ECONOMIC COST
1 rise in inequality
2 crony capitalism
3 Macroeconomic unstability as government will spend recklessly on social security
schemes.
Political cost : belief on democracy will decreased.
MEASURES NEEDED

1 giving basic training in school. Industrial needed curriculum in technical institution is

crucial. SKILL INDIA initiative is right step in this direction.
2 Growth of MSME: empirical study shows that MSME is more labour intensive than big
companies. MUDRA bank, Start up india, stand up india and various scheme is good step.
3 'Make in india' should have more focus on job creation rather than capital investment.
It is very crucial issue to be resolved. Government with the hip of private pl player should
formulate policy targeting more job creation ,at the same time focus should be on social
infrastructure.

Indian economy is consistently creating lesser number of jobs than the previous years, the
reasons could be
1. Maximum growth is coming from service sector, which by it's very nature is
capital/knowledge intensive and doesn't have capacity for insuring growth.
2. Banks promote credit expansion to bigger industrialists as they provide a more reliable
source to them and also because of the indirect pressures that bigger businesses can impose
and as a result job creating SMEs, MSMEs get sidelined.
3. Downturn in global commodity prices means that lower business growth results.
Manufacturing, agriculture are biggest employers which are now hit most severely .
4. Outdated education system is out of sync with the requirements of the industry and the
workforce isn't being trained by industries like in Germany or China, with a result that
massive amounts of unemployable people compete for limited low skill jobs
5.Proliferation of low quality colleges means that even the education that is being given isn't
good enough for high skill jobs
6. Collective mentality prevents innovative entrepreneurship from achieving full potential.
Independence based education is required.
Measures needed
1. Incetive based programmes to allow more angel investors. Start up india, make in india,
apprenticeship training etc. would provide a solid ground for future growth
2. Simplification/streamlinign of labour laws is needed to make them in sync with current
manufacturing environment
3. Massive investment in social sector to upgrade HR status to face new technological
future. Education, health based investments are required, which incidentally would create a
large number of jobs as well.
India's biggest strength is it's huge reservoir of human potential, let's hope we can use it
well.
4

Jobless growth is a recent phenomenon in which economic growth doesn't arises from
increase in production activities, but from rise in prices of goods and services. This
phenomenon can be explained as:
1.Less scope of farm employment: Since 75% of population engaged in agriculture are able
to contribute near about 15% to GDP. This shows that there is little scope for agriculture to
contribute to economic growth. Even if some more percentage increases there would be
marginal increase in agricultural output.
2.Economic growth has been caused due to mechanisation of production process. To
enhance output and hence profits, machines are more preferred than labours, by the big
companies and industries because of its greater scalability, faster process, better finishing,
better quality than handmade goods.
3.Non commitment of investors to scale employability.
4. Even though service sector offers avenues of job creation, but it has its limits. Few jobs
are created just as ancilliary support systems, and since such jobs require skills which can be
learnt from training, peasants require time to be trained(majority of Indian population
comprises of landless farmers, peasants, casual labourers).
Impact:
1.Jobless growth implies wastage of human resources. Despite having a demographic
dividend, India would remain poor.
2.Social unrest: Low private sector employment ,demands for reservation for government
jobs.
3.Psychological effects: Suicide may follow if such situation persists for a longer time.
4. Increase in corruption: When it comes to economic survival, the moral fibre tends to
break. Even educated youths may bribe officials to get a secured job.
5. Less demand as people will not have income , hence less savings, less mobilisation of
savings and hence decline in economic growth.
6. Increased marginalisation, inequality as less people will have secured jobs.
7. Low social security, casualization of labour, exploitation of educated people, irregular
source of income.
Measures needed:
1. Promoting ideas of Gandhi i.e. production by mass. Eg. MSME's have greater role to play
in employment generation.
2.Labour reforms: Investors peg their decision to invest based on labour market. If
conditions of labour norms are strict, bigger companies would feel incentivised for
investment in capital than on labour.
3.Promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. This is based on the idea that youths become
job provider rather than job seeker. This would require interventions such as credit access
facilities, market facilities, price interventions, tax structure to attract talent,.
4. Programmes such Make in India, Skill India, PMKVY.
5.Provisioning physical infrastructure such as basic infrastructure requirements by the
enterpreneurs to kickstart their business.
6.Career counselling to students: With infusion of IT, people have huge repositories of
information on different trades on which they can pursue their education. Once the student

chooses best for him/her, he/she can excel in such field of interests. Thereby skills can be
developed and hence new ideas of job creation.

Jobless growth in the context of Indian economy means widening gap between the growth
of GDP and employment as evident from the figures
mentioned in economic survey 2014-2015 that GDP has grown around 7.5% whereas
employment rate is 1.4% for the same period.
Reasons for jobless growth are as follows -Growth dominated by service sector, without much growth in industrial and agricultural
sector, which has majority of population.
-Lack of physical infrastructure eg. Digital India could have helped start ups but lack of
electricity, broadband infrastructure are hampering it.
-Inadequate growth of manufacturing sector which could have employed semi skilled
personnel or train unskilled people.
-Non progressive labour reforms
Impact of jobless growth on demographic dividend is as follows - Social unrest - The agitation for reservations has increased in recent years eg. Jat agitation,
patel agitation due to lack of jobs in private sector people are moving more towards
government jobs.
-Impoverishment- leading to poor education, health, HDI and other growth parameters.
-Inequality increased - the increasing unemployment forces people to take up menial jobs
and when they fall ill they fall into poverty and face hardships in life rich becomes richer and
poor becomes poorer .
-Rise of naxalism- people are attracted towards naxals as they have no jobs increasing left
wing extremism For Example: Bastar in Chhattisgarh, ISIS militant groups, etc.
-Threat of conversion of demographic dividend to demographic liability and demographic
disaster
Measures needed to halt this trend are as follows -Skill development - government efforts like Skill India, PMKVY etc can help.
- More focus on manufacturing sector by effectively utilising Make in India etc.
- Increase in non farm activities like horticulture to curb disguise unemployment eg.
National Horticulture Mission .
-Reforms in MSME sector to facilitate growth of small industries as they provide 4 times
more employment than MNC's.
- Increasing ease of doing business by promoting entrepreneurship culture in our country
for eg. Start up India .

Skill development - On the demand side, a skill gap study has been conducted by NSDC in
2014, which indicates that there is an additional net requirement of 119.2 million skilled
manpower in 24 key sectors by 2022. It is observed that today the total workforce in the
country is estimated at 487.4 million, of which approximately 51 per cent is in the non-farm
sector.
-Manufacturing - As per a study by Assocham, India's manufacturing sector is all set to
create 3.2 million manufacturing jobs during the period of 2012-17. Ye wala stat zada acha
h... The national manufacturing policy suggests raising the share of manufacturing in GDP
to 25% in order to create 100 million jobs in the coming decades.
-Ease of doing business - A unified portal for registration of Units for LIN, reporting of
inspection, submission of returns and grievance redressal has been launched by Ministry of
Labour and Employment.
-Process of applying for Industrial License (IL) and Industrial Entrepreneur Memorandum
(IEM) has been made online and this service is now available to entrepreneurs on 24x7
basis
at the eBiz website. This had led to ease of filing applications and online payment of service
charges.
-20 services are integrated with the eBiz portal which will function as a single window portal
for obtaining clearances from various governments and government agencies.
-The Companies (Amendment) Act, 2015 has been passed to remove requirements of
minimum paid-up capital and common seal for companies. It also simplifies a number of
other regulatory requirements.
- National horticulture mission - The horticulture sector includes fruit, vegetables, spices,
medicinal and aromatic plants, flowers, mushroom and a variety of plantation crops like
coconut, areca nut, cashew nut and cocoa which has been contributing significantly to the
GDP in agriculture (28.5 per cent form 8.5 per cent area).
-MSME- the sector accounts for 45% of the manufacturing output and 40% of the total
export of the country. MSMEs in India account for more than 80% of the total number of
industrial enterprises

Put stats yr..jitne u can put..this way, u ll remember them till the interview..
Reasons for jobless growth are as follows -Growth dominated by service sector, without much growth in industrial and agricultural
sector, which has majority of population. (share of services -- ~60%, population employed
--> <30%, agri - contri - 15%, population - 50%, india's target of an annual 4% growth not
achieved)
-Lack of physical infrastructure eg. Digital India could have helped start ups but lack of

electricity, broadband infrastructure are hampering it. (around 19k villages unelectrified)
-Inadequate growth of manufacturing sector which could have employed semi skilled
personnel or train unskilled people. (add MSME - the sector accounts for 45% of the
manufacturing output and 40% of the total export of the country. MSMEs in India account
for more than 80% of the total number of industrial enterprises .)
-Non progressive labour reforms (gve examples of labour laws, jo sahi rhenge yahan)
Impact of jobless growth on demographic dividend is as follows - Social unrest - The agitation for reservations has increased in recent years eg. Jat agitation,
patel agitation due to lack of jobs in private sector people are moving more towards
government jobs. (i dont think, it is bcs of a lack of jobs in pvt that they are moving to
public..ulta hai..public sector jobs are very few, on the other hand..it is bcs they lack skills
needed by the pvt, tht they are moving towards public)
-Impoverishment- leading to poor education, health, HDI and other growth parameters.
(put ASER's study)
-Inequality increased - the increasing unemployment forces people to take up menial jobs
and when they fall ill they fall into poverty and face hardships in life rich becomes richer and
poor becomes poorer . (income inequality - study that richest 5 % have >90% resources)
-Rise of naxalism- people are attracted towards naxals as they have no jobs increasing left
wing extremism For Example: Bastar in Chhattisgarh, ISIS militant groups, etc. (say, 83
districts in india still affected by naxalism)
-Threat of conversion of demographic dividend to demographic liability and demographic
disaster.

Jobless growth defined as economy is increasing at a rate less than the employment rate.For
a country like India this is an alarming situation as it is unable to harness the complete
potential of its demographic dividend.
1) Agitations of Kapu, patel , Jat community for the reservations as the super saturated IT ,
MNC are not able to provide the adequate employment.
2)Rural - urban migration and the stressed migrated labour living in slums with deteriorate
living conditions becoming criminals, Ex Dharavi in Mumabi and some pockets in Delhi
3) Migration of informal labour to Saudi countries and Skilled professionals to European
and American in search of better employment conditions - brain drain
4) Unemployment , marginal employment causing vicious circles of poverty, low income,
low savings, low investment further causing low employment rate further realizing in
poverty trap.
Remedial measures

1) Effective implementation of Skill India, MUDRA, Priority sector lending to encourage

small scale investors.
2) Link the migrated labour with the rural and tier 2 cities in establishing agro- processing
industries, spot and commodity exchanges , educating the farmers about drought resistant
crops, water harvesting, soil conservation methods - this will happen only when the excess
labour is trained with the required skills - Link NGO to coordinate between youth and the
rural ares
3)Encourage SME and fund them through CSR of MNC
4) Regulation of MNC to employ domestic labour while investing in India
5) Skill based in education in schools and colleges - to enable them to start SME
6) Check the red tapism and delay in sanctions for projects can tap the labour more quickly
7) Use the schemes of MGNAREGA to skill the labour rather than digging a pit and filling
back
Make in India yield will achieve its result only if there is development of Indian Labour and
Indian Market.

Jobless growth is a phenomena in which the growth of economy does not reflect in the
employment generation of the economy.This could be reflected:
1-2014-15 economic survey reflected that the growth rate of labor is more as compare to the
growth rate of employment
2-The recent jat and patel demonstration in the name of reservation also reflects the
uneasiness in the mind of youngster regarding jobs availability
3-Agriculture sector is considered to be the biggest contributor of disguise unemployment, it
provides job to huge population but its contribution in GDP is very less.
Impact:
1-Social instability among youths who gets attracedt to unethical and violent ways of
earning money like LWE, thefts , robbery etc.
2-Economic burden would increase which is provided from the various social welfare
schemes like on health schemes, MNERGA,etc increasing fiscal deficit.
3-Inclusive growth would not occur which would have negative effect on overall
development of the country.
4-Increase in poverty, malnutrition children affecting the future development of children
Measures:
1-Make in India campaign should work in promoting MSME also along with accepting FDIs
2-Skill India scheme should be more promptly implemented to train labors according to
demand of manufacturing sector
3-Start up India Stand up India is a good opportunity for supporting development of
MSME
4-In agriculture sector also reform is needed like food processing industry should be

encouraged to be established as a cooperatives like Amul is a good example for it.

5-Vocational training in school would help in honing the skill of students at an early age.
India has a large population of youngster in the world it is very important that it gets
converted as demographic dividend rather than a burden
Jobless growth can be identified as concentrated investments into not-so-much human
intensive economies with high returns. In past 2 decades service sector has provided this to
be true where most of the work is automated. Agriculture and manufacturing (even this has
witnessed reduction in labor intensive works) are the areas which consume labor the most.
Fact that >50% in agriculture returns only 17% to the GDP, stagnant growth in mfg and even
then growing at average 6-7% annually tells about jobless growth.
Impact:
- Difference between annual workforce creation and their consumption is spreading fast
- Value of education system has reduced: with high number of engineering and other
graduates not finding jobs. PhDs applying for 4th grade jobs in Lucknow municipalities
- economic impact: more spending in social security programs without any productive
output- MGNREGA, health schemes
- disguised unemployment: as is being witnessed in agriculture (India has one of the lowest
per capita land in the world => much lower productivity in comparision to China, US,
Turkey)
- benefits of boom in service sector not accruing: lack of regular wages and no money in
hands render IT enabled services by govt useless
Measures:
- Skill development: PMKVY to be synced with industries in SEZ, Sagarmala, Mahila-E-Haat
and other such programs
- Mudra bank, credit guarantee schemes, Startup and Stand up India with focus on domestic
rural issues
- Fast tracking large scale construction projects- Recapitalizing banks, resolving issues of
NPAs, better efficiency in DRTs, restructuring of PSL (inclusion of road and power
projects), reforming land laws
- Bankruptcy and insolvency bill to ease up industrial sectors to spurt growth. More
importantly GST.

Debate is required on your answer lets begin ;)..

-regarding your point in service sector, technologies drives growth in this sector, and yes
future will witness more automation, to improve job growth in this sector we have to tap
different markets worldwide like deals with Papua New Guinea etc. we should add.

-Agriculture and manufacturing sector; we have to bring out people from agriculture sector
and put them into non-farm sector jobs created by manufacturing sector etc. as you have
mentioned the contribution of agri sector to GDP is very low.
-India imports a lot because of its huge domestic market and energy deficiency so their will
always be high consumption, but having said that we too have positive as demography
which can be utilised to add numbers to GDP and creation of jobs lies in manufacturing
sector mainly in SME. so is consumption a big point here???
- social security is required for long run and is productive mainly MGNREGA read
this : http://www.thehindu.com/news/n.... and as suggested by experts more budget
should be allocated to this program.
- per capita of china is also low but the manufacturing sector has created lots of job, India is
lacking in this sector though it is doing a lot but need more political will to bring FDI and
build capital. land reforms, PPP revitalisation (as suggested by kelkar committee) and GST
reform (by Arvind subarmanyam committee) should be brought under the book.
According to question I think we should write more about the reforms that are blocking
creation of jobs like PPP, GST, etc. in the coming years. education system, skill development
MGNREGA are other measures that will have long terms effects. about NPAs I think govt
can manage not so important point, because china has more NPA than india and NPA are
created mostly by the big corporate defaulters who have political support. rather providing
long term easy loans to SME should be the point we should add. About demographic
dividend we can learn from china which is ageing and moving towards value addition
sectors (remember chinese in top list of Sotong :) )and are leaving the low end exporting
business to vietnam, Laos etc. we can tap those business which demands human capital.

First para decent.

Asking for reservation is hot topic which should b mentioned in impact . Points in impact
could be written in better way.
I doubt whether 3rd point in measures can help in increase in employment . 4 th point will
increase growth but employment is doubtful unless skills are there . Improvement in
education system and make in India point missing .
Good that u have written 3 parts f q separately .
ATB
please review mine.

Indian growth post liberalization has been termed as jobless growth as the number of jobs
created were unable to absorb the rising workforce. The Indian path to growth has been due
to shift from agriculture to service sector being the major contributor to the national GDP.
The reasons for jobless growth1. Employability-The lack of skills required for a conducive shift of workers from agriculture
to industries.
2. Drastic shift to service-driven Economy-Low industrial base and lack of any encouraging
policies for labour-intensive Small and Medium industries.
Impact of jobless growth in Indian demographic dividend
1. Unemployment
2. Poverty
3. Lack of skill development
Measures needed to halt this trend1. Skill development- that are more industry specific by opening more ITIs etc.
2. Encouraging industrial sector- by efforts like Make in India
3. Robust MSMEs- by providing them cheap access to credit, quotas etc.
Indian needs to leverage its favourable demographic dividend for translating it to attaining
double-digit growth.
India in recent years has seen very high growth rates, making it one of the fastest growing
economies in the world. However, a downside has been that these high growth rates (~8%)
have not been accompanied by commensurate employment growth (~2%). This has led to
the growth being termed as jobless growth.
The high growth has been brought about by large companies (both in manufacturing and
services) which are capital intensive (as opposed to labour intensive). They have relied upon
increased investments in technology augmentation (as opposed to increased labour
deployment) to improve productivity (and hence improve growth).

While a million new potential employees are entering the workforce every month, the new
jobs being created are far below the required numbers. If this continues, we will be unable
to harness our demographic dividend (i.e. the benefits of having a predominantly younger
workforce).
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are a labour intensive sector. However, they are
beset by problems of an inadequately skilled labour supply (leading to lower productivity)
and inadequate institutional credit. In the short term, industrial apprenticeships/ vocational
training needs to be encouraged in order to endow young workers with the skills necessary
to contribute as productive workers. Moreover, the priority lending (to SMEs) requirement
of commercial banks needs to be enforced in letter and spirit.

ice answer.u skipped impact on demograhic dividend part. in measures part u can add
recent schemes skill india, PMKVY.reaming structure and content is good.

in your impact part and measures you had concentrated totally on youth you can also
diversify your answer by including other factors increase in inequality etc

Jobless growth is that type of difficult situation for the particular economy when the
respective economy grows in positive manner but without any proportionate increase in
jobs. This trend is normally seen in those economies which shift from manufacturing or
agriculture sector to service sector based economy or introduction of technology and
mechanization based manufacturing by replacing labour intensive activities.
India has been witnessing jobless growth phenomenon from last decade due to its
economys shift towards service sector and in addition, weak growth in agriculture sector
which rendered large scale unemployment in rural india. Beside lowly skilled indian labour,
companies operating on indian soil largely blamed for apathetic attitude to generate new
jobs. On other hand, govt. has been reducing public sector jobs and fiscal constraints by
central govt. on state govts., also results in weak employment drives in states.
Jobless growth impacts negatively on indian demographic dividend in these waysUnemployed youth becomes burden on the state instead of earning asset.

Youth without job can be easily lured in anti-social activities.

Huge emigration has been seen due to low absorption capacities of indian markets, thus loss
of talent.
Solutions:
Promotion of labour generating industries and skill development alongwith financial
support to youth to become job generators instead of job seekers.
Revision of policies towards rural development and agriculture to make rural professions
lucrative.
Improvement in Greenfield FDI norms and export promotion policies to bring growth in
both sector which ultimately result in expansions and hence, more manpower demands.

India is experiencing jobless growth for past many years is a known fact but very few
satisfying measures to arrest this trend have been taken in this regard."Jobless Growth"
means a condition in which the growth of an economy is good but the employment growth
levels are not up to the mark.Forex:In India the b/w 2001-11,GDP growth rate was
approx7.7% but the employment growth rate was only around 1.6%.
The impact of jobless growth on India's demographic dividend can be explained as follows:
1)Since India is going througha crucial phase of demographic transition in which iis young
population is more compared to dependant population.It will go waste if these people who
are capable to work are not provided employment.
2)It can lead to more demands for reservation for govt jobs as private jobs are not available
like the demands of jats and patidar communities.
3)It can lead to social tensions and more problems of deteriorating law and order in the
society.
4)It can lead to more expenditure on part of the govt. in welfaristic measures for those who
are unable to earn and live atleast with basic needs of life.
The measures that are needed to be taken can be as follows:
a)Since India is highly deficient in skill and competencies rerquired to work for the
employer.It is required to be promoted under initiatives like Skill India campaign.The
linking is required b/w the demands of the skill providing institutions and the industrial
houses to bridge the gap.
b)Since the small scale industries are the largest creater of jobs and approx. 40% of the jobs
are provided by them.So,it is required to promote these industries under initiatives like

Start Up India,Stand Up India missions.Besides it the availability of credit and other basic
facilities are to be made available to them on a mission mode.
It is the time to take corrective measures otherwise the demographic dividend that is
currently available to India will not remain an opportunity instead it can turn into a mess
situation.

Indian Economy grow on average more than 6% in last decade while the Growth of the
Employment remain less than 1% . Today, Nearly a Million of people per month Get qualify
to enter in the Labor force but there are no jobs in market.
Reason for the Job less growth :1. Agriculture , Manufacturing and Service - These are the three field of the Economy.
Agriculture is already overburdened.
2. In case of the manufacturing , After the neo liberal reforms of the 1991 the Protection of
the SMEs significantly reduced which hampered the growth of the manufacturing.
3. Service sector have own limit to provide jobs and In addition It need the skill which is
lacked in Inian youth due to the ppor educational infrastructure.
Need to Do :1.Manufacture :- Labor law reforms , Formal Banking ( PSL , MUDRA)

Jobless growth pertains to a situation where economy is growing but unable to absorb the
individuals in the growth process leaving them jobless.
Effect on demographic dividend:
1. Jobless growth will undermine the skils and education of the youth leaving them
unemployed.
2. A few vacancies would have a lot of takers. The recent Peon recruitment which has
around 2 lakh exam takers for a mere around 10k posts.
3. The demographic dividend thus would become a burden on the country affecting already
poor development indicators.
4. With young population suffering from unemployment , the burden of ageing population
would fall on the exchequer undermining growth.

Solutions :
1. Government should look for diverse sectors which would help in generating jobsstartups, ecommerce are the booming areas which can offer employment. The new schemes
like startup India can help with the same.
2. Investment in research and development can boost innovation and India's manufacturing
base as well would require a skilled base thereby generating employment.
3. Programs like skill India should be aligned with industry thus solving issue of skill
mismatch.
4. Foreign Direct Investment, ease business doing norms can help in establishing a strong
industrial base.
5. With cyber crimes , cyber attacks on rise in Information technology sector , cyber security
remains an unexplored area. Thus this sector will help in job generation along with serving
security interests.
Growth remains crucial for emerging country like India which still has a median young
population at 26 years to prevent the situation of demographic disaster.

When the rate of increase of employment when fails to keep in line with rate of growth, we
call it as Jobless Growth i.e. growth that is not creating as much jobs as it was supposed to
create. India has shown Jobless Growth evident from recent survey that the employment
rate has only risen 0.3% compared to GDP growth of 7.3%. Manufacturing sector is actually
losing jobs instead of creating new ones.
The impacts of Jobless Growth are not good for any economy. The jobless growth actually
fails to harness the full potential of human resources that is available at disposal of
economy. The higher unemployment results in various socio economic problems that act as
hurdle in path of growth.
The measures that can be taken to address the issue of jobless growth
1. There should be emphasis on Skill Based development as the evolution of technology
has increased the demand for skill based workforce. PMKY is a welcome move in this
direction.
2. Reforms in education system are needed to address the issue of Unemployable
Graduates with collaboration of industrial sector.
3. Considering the size and skill level of present situation of India, we must encourage the
labour intensive industries such as jute, food processing etc. to provide employment to
unskilled or semi-skilled workforce.

4. In order to cash in our demographic dividend, we must negotiate with our trade partners
for free movement of labour and must provide our people the opportunities in other
countries as well.
The situation India currently has, comes rarely in the timeline of the nation, we must exploit
this opportunity to fullest and catapult ourselves into path of higher growth.

Topic: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States,

3) There is a disturbing tendency

among States to be judges in their own
cause, especially when it comes to
water disputes. Why do you think this
tendency is increasing? How the union
government and courts are
responding? Critically examine.

Water is a sensitive issue and most states in India have been plagued by water
disputes which give rise to a series of conflict between different organs of the govt. The
recent invalidation of the Punjab termination of Agreement Act,2004 by the SC highlights
this conflict.
The reasons behind states becoming judges of their own are:A)Political:-Most political parties try to politically mobilize people for their vote bank
politics and portray themselves as the protectors of State's interests. Eg. Punjab where
Assembly election is near.
B)Economic: Since most are agricultural states,no state can afford to loose water as it will
affect agricultural productivity and hence their economies.Eg. Punjab has more areas under
cultivation than Haryana.
C)Constitutional: 1. Barring any court's intervention in a water dispute by Art.262 of the
Indian constitution leaves a scope for the states to become judges in their own cause.

D) Prevailing inter-state disparities create a competitive environment among states thus

making them selfish in water sharing issues.
Responses of Union Govt and courts:A. Union Govt's responses:
a) Creation of a water tribunal and the Interstate River Water Dipute Act,1956 by the Union
govt. under Article 262 of the Indian Constitution.Eg-Cauvery tribunal, Krishna
Tribunal,etc.
b)Reaching out an agreement between states of Rajasthan,Punjab & Haryana for creation of
Sutlej-Yamuna LInk in 1981;Also Rajiv-Longowal accord,1985 was enacted.
B.Court's responses:
a) Maintaining doctrine of 'separation of power' b/w different organs and upholding
the spirit of federalism.Eg. SC invalidated Punjab's Act calling it as unilateral and against
Sc's decision of 2002.
b)Judicial acticism: Though court's intervention is constitutionally barred under Art.262,
yet court intervenes in the public interests as in Punjab's case.
Thus, water disputes is a sensitive issues which requires cooperation among the Union,
states and the judiciary.The ultimate goal of the tussle should be ensuring public interest
and not settling scores against one another.The Community of Interest Theory and Sarkaria
Commission must be taken into account.
o
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Raushan Kumar Arvind Kumar 21 days ago

your judicial Activism point is wrong.

Court intervention is barred only if parliament has created water tribunal. since,
there is no satluj - Yamuna tribunal . so, supreme court can intervene. Even this
case was refereed to supreme court by president abdul kalam in 2004.

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Lehar Arvind Kumar 21 days ago

Hiii.......beautiful answer, u have covered almost all the points.A few suggestions
from my side1)SC directions of water sharing quanta are not backed by scientific researches as
in the case of Cauvery water dispute.
2)Declining levels of ground water and lack of sustainable water management
techniques ,shift to commercial crops make it imperative for states to exceedingly
depend on river water.

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Explorer Arvind Kumar 22 days ago

Also, changing weather patterns especially drought years due to el-nino are
responsible for reduced rain, and aggravate disputes.

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Explorer Arvind Kumar 22 days ago

No tribunal exists in case of punjab haryana dispute right? Can SC not intervene
where no tribunal exists, as A/262 bars SC if parliament makes a law.

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arun Arvind Kumar 22 days ago

your answer is good , you must rewrite the same response critically like though
tribunal formed its award is not followed by state . cauvery tribunal gave award in
2007 still not implemented . again there is a scope for SLP now beyond tribunals
award which is unwarranted and gives an escape route for states . every state are

approaching SC why not CMs sit together and negotiate consensus ? it is they who
know better

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SS Arvind Kumar 22 days ago

beautiful answer. aren't u exceeding the word limit already?

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writer801 SS 22 days ago

ss review mine if time permits...

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Arvind Kumar Arvind Kumar 22 days ago

Critical points are missing. do suggest me on this....

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writer801 Arvind Kumar 22 days ago

critical points u can cite supreme court as such cant interfere.. under article
262 but under special leave to appeal entertaining under article 136
which has caused deadlock ..
union government has not been sucessful in amicably making least
concensus. through interstate councils.. or thrugh informal ..rest every thing
is fine....except word limit breached .. review mine answer if time permits

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Mamta Dabra 22 days ago

The Interstate River Water Disputes Act, is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted under
Article 262 to resolve the water disputes that would arise in the use, control and distribution
of an interstate river. Act provides a role for the Central government in adjudicating
conflicts surrounding inter-state rivers that arise among the state/regional
governments.Whenever the riparian states are not able to reach amicable agreements on
their own in sharing of an interstate river waters, IRWD Act provides dispute resolution
process in the form of Tribunal.the tribunals verdict after its publication in the official
gazette is equivalent to Supreme Court verdict .
However often states involved in the disputes fails to honour the verdict .Just for the
political gain ,politician exaggerate the matter as seen as violence in karnataka after cauvery
water dispute and and politicians in punjab making violent statements over implementation
of syl link.As water is in state list states make their own legislation surpassing the tribunal
verdict and sc verdict when matter reaches to it.
Under the Act, central government may frame a scheme to give effect to the decision of a
tribunal. Each scheme has provision to establish an authority for implementation of a
tribunal verdict. In the case of Cauvery River basin, SC directed the GoI to set up a
temporary Supervisory Committee to implement the tribunal order till the constitution of
Cauvery Management Board by GoI.Courts are putting their valueable time in adjudicating
matters especially when judiciary is already overburdened. states shoup honor it .
Solution with proper research and facts can solve the dispute permanently.State
governments shall provide all the data regarding water resources, land, agriculture and
matters related thereto as requested by the central government.After taking proper
cognizance of all the facts the authority should take a final decision. The states should be
provided with opportunities of a say in matter.The final decision should be accepted and
implemented by all states on the humanitarian grounds.
o


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i'm an army man Mamta Dabra 21 days ago

good answer. almost touched every aspect of the question. however u could have
mentioned the necessity and need of water because of changing climate patterns
and less rains which led to draught like situations in many states.
the agricultural intense states like punjab and haryana need more water to fulfill
their obligations to their citizens. more water = more economic prosperity.
ATB :)

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Mamta Dabra i'm an army man 20 days ago

Thankyou ji.i ll add in my notes.

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gughapriya Mamta Dabra 20 days ago

Great one!!became ur fan:) keep writing:)

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Mamta Dabra gughapriya 20 days ago

Thank you gughapriya.i hv just started the journey so way behind you
guys.Thanks for compliment.

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Maan Mamta Dabra 22 days ago

You seem to have caught the nerve of the question

especially explaining the complex legal and constitutional part of it.
nice answer!!
KWAR.

There has been an increase of disputes related to water related issues in the recent past
between states
- Punjab v/s Haryana over the Sutlej Yamuna Canal Project
- Karnataka v/s Tamil Nadu over the sharing of Cauvery river
- Mullaperiyar dam issue
The tendency has been increasing from different states because
- Work based on upcoming elections - Want to enforce their political mandate in favor
of state's interests without following the orders of the supreme court as well
- Increase in droughts - Increase in droughts have diminished the water levels in
different reservoirs and rivers, leading to conflict in sharing of water resources.
- Historical and Political backing - The unequal sharing clauses and historical events of
poor enforcement have lead to conflict between states to share water
- Lack of proper statistical models and analysis - Lack of interstate river
management boards haven't been established which could scientifically analyze and
formulate an equitable sharing plan.
- Supporting the new series of winter crops to be grown in the region.
The supreme court has often used its jurisprudence and intervened in such cases of inter
state water disputes. The dispute resolution in supreme court is often slow and leads to
increased suffering in the region. Often blatant disregard of the decision of supreme court
takes place. The government also can intervene using the it's legislation of Article 242(1) to
adjudicate such inter state water disputes, through the formation of appropriate tribunals.

The recent disregard of Punjab government's in the SYL Canal agreement, has lead the SC to
intervene in the matter and declare the state legislation of termination of the water
agreement to be void with reference to the 2006, Mulaperiyar dam case. The need of the
hour is to have effective and quick tribunals and inter state river management systems to
prevent such disputes in the future.

States are often asserting themselves bypassing sc directives especially in regard to water
disputes as can be seen in recent punjab assembly resolution. this resolution renegate
punjab of its responsibilities towards making satluj yamuna canal . this has been been seen
even during karnataka - cauvery dispute .Reasons for why states seem bypassing sc
directions and becoming judges themselves...
water has become contentious issue due to more demand but less availability..
rivers dont know boundaries of state which often lead to disputes between upper and lower
riparian states.
states often look towards regionalism when issue impact especially to local people .this
trend often become strong during elections which no party can compromise with .
changing climate vagaries , excessive need due to industrialisation, urbanisation and non
judicious use are also contributing factors..
in this light of growing assertiveness of states , union government some played mediator
role as seen in rajeev longowal pact or as a neutral during karnataka- kavery issue .
article 262 says for special interstate water council for such dispute but states often appeal
to sc under special leave provision which further aggravate the situation . and this leads to
deadlock due to lack of technical committee.
in this way the both union government and apex court role has not been affective and have
lead to further aggravation of situation ..
dear writer, nice points. some more points could be added in first section, like growing
water scarcity/pollution due to climate change and competition for resource utilization
between states. second point, the spirit of federalism, separation of power principle could be
highlighted as upheld by judiciary. humble suggestion: you could structure the language a
bit more to make it perfect. extremely sorry for delayed review. was caught up with
something. wish u luck, pal. will be writing essay today probably, lets review for each other
and learn mutually.

Nice intro BT 2nd point is irrelevant(my opinion) coz states can't do anything about the
river course. Ist and 4th points good one. Conclusion is also good.if possible qoute some
solutions which mine ans was lacking.overall nice ans. More responses of govt and court cud
HV been added.

The SC recently declared the law passed by Punjab legislature, that terminates water sharing
agreements with Haryana and Rajasthan (enacted in 1981) as invalid. The objective of this
law was to overcome the 2004 judgement of the SC asking it to complete the Satluj-Yamuna
canal.
This tendency is increasing because:
>POLITICISATION of the issue wherein all parties try to show that by doing actions like
above, they are protecting the states interests. A party ceding or cooperating with other
states is considered as lacking in passion.
>LESS FOCUS ON COOPERATION and more on regional interests.
>The mullaperiyar and Cauvery disputes both have shown how regional interests have taken
precedence over collective interests. E.g. Karnataka defied the court's orders. This sets a
precedent for other states too, thinking they can do the same.
>The court disputes DRAG ON FOR A LONG TIME and DECISIONS ARE DELAYED, thus
allowing the states to have their way for some time.
RESPONSE :
>UNION GOVERNMENT: The centre has come in to broker an agreement when needed.
E.g. Indira gandhi stepped in to broker the 1981 deal between Punjab and Haryana.
But the Union government cannot interfere regularly, or it may be deemed as against the
spirit of federalism.
>COURTS: The court has tried to remind the states regularly of their obligations and when
they have tried to pass a law overriding its decisions, it has struck down such laws. It has
tried to persuade the parties to cooperate.
But the court's decisions have been delayed and not followed up with proper checks on
implementation.
Rising of such cases is a problem and questions the judiciary as well as state relations. Focus
on cooperation between states, quick decisions by judiciary and overseeing that it is
followed up quickly,

you have mentioned cauvery dispute.................so include climate factor also which causes
the decreasing water level in river and ultimately leads to water sharing problem............
try to icnlude out of the hindu article

Water disputed have for ages now dominated the center stage in interstate politics be
it row over Cauvery water between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu or row over Satluj Yamuna
Link between Haryana and Punjab.In both the cases states were seen disobeying the the SC
verdicts giving impression of lack of faith in justice imparted by SC.The rise of this tendency
among states can be attributed to following reasons1)According to Art262 of Constitution of India SC has no jurisdiction over interstate water
disputes.Union government can form a tribunal to look into the matters.
2)Rising regionalism over nationalism and competition among states make it difficult to
find a solution to both their problems.
3)Many a times such disputed are guided by vote bank politics in election seasons.
4)Declining levels of ground water,lack of sustainable water management practices,shift to
commercial crops,irregular monsoon,increasing trends of GM crops etc leads to over
dependence of states on river water.
Role of Union Government-1)The Union Government have acted as mediator between the
states as in Rajeev Longowal accord in 1980, and in constituting tribunals to look into
matters.
2)The Union Government can set up Tribunals to solve the disputes and can pan out
schemes for fair and equitable sharing.
Role of Courts-1)As short term measures the Supreme court has ordered mandatory sharing
of water between states as in case of cauvery river and forming of Supervisory committee till
Cauvery management board is set up.
2)The SC declared The Punjab termination of Agreements Act 2004 unconstitutional in case
of SYL.
Water is a collective resource and rather than fighting over water sharing states should
collectively find scientific and sustainable long term solutions to such problems that will
benefit the interests of both the sides.
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Aravind Varier 21 days ago

The demand of water is increasing in our country and the inability of the existing resources
to meet the demand have led the states to assert their rights on the interstate river waters by
encroaching into others .
This tendency is increasing because water being a necessary resource for the survival of
human being and peoples anxiety in shortage of water resort the the elected leaders to
pursue ab action based on the emotional appeals rather than taking scientific OR legal
alternatives into consideration .
The Union Government has responded by enacting the Inter state Water Dispute act under
Article 262 of the constitution to constitute water tribunals to decide the quantum of water
to be shared between the states AND the Judiciary on the other hand have been hearing
cases from the states on the award of tribunal from time to time .
Though , these measures have been in place but the disputes continue to prevail and the way
forward should be of nationalizing the water resources by forming a National Water
commission for effective and coordinated usage of " River water " and " Ground water " .
The government should also fast tract modern irrigation practices like ( drip irrigation ,
sprinkler etc. ) along with waste water treatment facilities in urban areas to conserve this
precious resource for future .
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yogi Aravind Varier 21 days ago

can add example like cauvery tribunal, while referring to the tribunals ,,, can put
example of Govt notification about SYL canal
Judiciary role is lacking strength .---could have written it in a better way by quoting
crucial judgements such as recent repealing of The Punjab Termination of
Agreements Act, 2004, by supreme court.
conclusion is brilliant, but cut it short

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Aravind Varier yogi 21 days ago

ALL POINTS ARE DULY NOTED :)

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Maan 22 days ago

River water sharing disputes have always been complex to deal with.Which is evidenced in
the fact that the Constitution empowered the parliament to come up with separate laws to
deal with water sharing and any disputes arising . The Interstate River Water Disputes Act
deals with disputes arising from the use ,control and distribution of inter-state river
water.In case the states do not confirm to the provisions this act further accords the setting
up of a Tribunal to adjudicate into dispute resolution ,barring the SC or other courts from
interfering .
Their has been an increasing tendency among states to be judges in their own cause that
goes against the ideals of cooperative feudalism and principles of natural justice:
-Politicization of the issue: such issues are seen to catch fervor especially during election
stage.
-Protracted legislation : furthers the exploitation of votes as the politicians benefit in
keeping the issue relevant for long.
-Economic diversity : lackadaisical economic revival ,decreased agriculture output has
furthered the divide among states plus the use of river water to meet energy and power
requirements.
-Environmental factors : stress of climate change in the form of rising floods ,global temp
and unpredictability of monsoons has made river waters a much contested issue.
Response of the Union govt :
At times the Center constitutes a Tribunal to adjudicate as the law entitles them too.But
hard pressed with its responsibly to ensure cooperative federalism ,maintain peace and
harmony plus center- state politics has forced them to stay neutral.This leaves ball literally
in the Judiciarys hands.
Response of the Judiciary :
Already reeling under the backlog of cases have been burdened with inter-state disputes like
the Cuavery river dispute between Karnataka and TN, or the SYL canal between Punjab and
Haryana .Striking down state legislations and forcing orders on states, overriding their

decisions has given teeth to their critics who fail to see through the difference between
judicial interference and judicial activism.
Water being a state issue puts the highest onus on states to maintain transparency and
cooperate with each other .The principle of fraternity as envisaged in our Preamble must not
lose relevance.
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Pruthvi Reddy 20 days ago

hi..please give the feedback

The tussle for natural resources always been one of the main cause of federal dispute and
this scenario is magnifying as time passes .constitutional prerogatives, populist decisions ,
technical expertise are involved here
The states are trying their best not to allocate os share the water resources with their
counterpart.the enthusiasm over preserving the natural resources for their subjects is
exceeding some times such that some states are not ready to share the water resources with
their counterparts who has genuine rights to get them. The recent issues of cauvery river
water sharing and Sutlej Yamuna link issues are the classic examples
Major reasons reasons vetted out for this scenario are increasing economic activities.
Tamilnadu relies on Cauvery water for its samba crop, a rice variety cultivation
Drought seasons- water disputes arise particularly during the drought seasons as states
desperately need water and demand their due
Populist policies- the political parties of state both the ruling and the opposition of the state
unianimously either pass a resolution or law nullifying the highest courts verdict of water
resource allocation. Punjab state assembly passed a law in 2004 nullifying supremecourts
verdict on implementing SYL canal
Centres role- the union government is empowered to constitute respective river boards and

river dispute tribunals to deal with inter disputes as per article 262.still the award given by
river dispute tribunals are not implemented properly.there is some kind of lacunae
The constitution has envisaged a separate mechanism to deal with interwater disputes by art
262 which also includes a provision that the apex court has no role here. Still the SC is
approached when the victim state feels its due rights are denied. The SC steps when the
federal features are violated after all federalism is basic feature of the constitution. SCs
order to Karnataka government to release 6000 cusecs of water and invalidating the Punjab
assemblys 2004 enacted law are worth to mention here
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anshul 21 days ago

Pls review this friends

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Bharath Vemi 21 days ago

Water sharing has been one of the major disputes among states, especially in agriculture
developed, water scarcity states. Some of the reasons are:
*Decreasing ground water resources, more dependency on rain water, hence increasing the
water demand in agriculturally developed states.
*Frequent deficit monsoons, causing the lack of necessary water for agriculture, increasing
stress on water per capita.
* Pressure on govt. from state people, for increased irrigation sources, thus resorting to less
release of water from upper states.
* Increasing number of dams, causing it to store much water than usual.
* A political mileage, could be achieved by parties, opposition leaders by raising this issue.

No proper action taken on states, for violating tribunal judgements. Union govt. isn't
playing much role, with the fear of jeopardizing relations with states.
* Taking long time to dispute resolution, hence states resorting to own judgements.
Judgements are given by inter-state tribunals, but with recent increase in disputes, like
Haryana water scarcity Tamil nadu, Karnataka violent agitations, courts have been stepped
in, and passed judgments in the larger interest of public, by judicial activism.
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Learner 21 days ago

There have a number of instances in the most recent past regarding the water sharing of
rivers has led to think as to what is causing this problem what is the reason for the spike in
such cases. Some of them are:
- Sutlej Yamuna Link (SYL) canal issue between Punjab, Haryana & Rajasthan: In this case
the SC directed the Punjab states to share the water of Ravi and Beas and construct SYL
canal which was foregone by Punjab by passing an act barring any sharing of water.
-- The Cauvery issue between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu:- The fresh violence in the two
states came in the wake of Supreme Court's decision, where Karnataka was directed to
sharing some 18000 Cusecs of water. Which Karnataka said, is unable to do.
--Other tussle include the sharing of Krishna river water between Telangana and Andhra
Pradesh.
There can be a number of reasons for for this rising friction.
-- Political agenda of the states:- In the election campaigns states sometimes promise the
public to the extent that it's not possible to fulfill those without breaching the rules put in
place, like what happened in case of Punjab, Haryana & Rajasthan.
-- Growing regionalism over Nationalism:- It may be noted that most of the incidences
happened between the states belonging to different political factions, in such cases,
cooperative federalism is ignored.
-- Lack of alternatives:- As the use of water is on an all time rise, the rivers are being the
need of every state, hence th
e states are looking for the in the narrow interest of their farmers.
--Occurrence of drought in the last years.
The govt. under article 262 of the constitution is entitled to form an intergovernmental
water panel which can draw the possible solutions. The supreme court on the other hand
under various water sharing treaties is directing the staes to sharing the water but the plight
of farmers and citizenry seems genuine.
In such a situation, what government can do is to put in place better irrigation measures so
that farmers don't only long for river water, Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana is one

such step, plus, the centre and courts should appealing the states to think in the national
interest and make the necessary adjustments is the way forward.
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YetanotherIASdreamer 21 days ago

Water being a scare resource continues to be a bone of contention between several states of
India. The most recent being the November 2016 Apex Court judgment, in which it
invalidated the Punjab Legislature's legislation to terminate all previous agreements on
sharing the waters of Ravi and Beas with its neighbors. (SYL Link)
It is of no doubt that water is essential for industry and irrigation purpose. Also
constitutionally states can do a little except framing legislation to protect their rights.
However, State Legislatures often fueled by political motivation, goes out of way to mobilize
people for political gain, often during time of an upcoming elections. Prevailing inter-state
disputes and absence of strong and effective mechanism of addressal has created a
environment of competitive federalism.
In light of above Union Govt enacted Water tribunal and Interstate River Water Dispute Act,
1956 under Article 262 of Indian Constitution.(Examples of tribunals include Cauvery and
Mullaperiyar etc.). Moreover, the Union Govt. has tried reaching out an agreement between
states. (Sutlej-Yamuna Link 1981 and Rajiv Longowal accord 1985)
The recent decision drawing from previous cases including Cauvery and Mullaperiyar
disputes highlights that the State cannot through legislation do an act in conflict with
judgements of apex courts. Also it would be destructive of the rule of law and federalism if a
State were allowed to do so. The court's intervention sets an example of Judicial Activism in
matters of public interest.

So in order to protect ideals of cooperative federalism, there is need of cooperation among

Union, States and Judiciary. Interest of every stake holder should be taken into perspective,
without settling scores against each other. Justice should prevail without compromising on
unity and integrity of the nation.
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Aasim malik 22 days ago

The tendency of the states to be judges had been increased especially after the recent
cauvery water dispute between Karnataka and tamil nadu in which Karnataka refuses many
times to stay by the supreme court verdict .
following can be the reasons for it :
1) most of the states are agricultural states and their is rapid decrease in the water
availability which can contribute to states economic deterioration , farmer suicide ,etc .
2) many states are being evoking water disputes issues to gain political edge over other in
the forthcoming elections as in punjab's state elections .
3) many states which are in dispute are also in a competitive mode trying to be more
stronger economically than other .
union government response :
previous water disputes advocates that the centre's role is being very less in dispute
resolving that is ad hoc solutions are being deployed that is setting up of a tribunal which
makes a small difference and the responsibility is now on the judiciary .
judiciary responses :

judiciary play a key role in resolving the issue by setting up of management boards as like in
cauvery water disputes which gives the actual ground reports to the courts .
evoking constitutional norms like rule of law which are the basic fabric of the constitution
and gives an unbiased verdict which both the parties have to abide .
states should try to resolve their issues at their own level and try to compete in a positive
way and not in a negative way by harming other .
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Gill Bates Aasim malik 21 days ago

Covers all the points, ensuring word limit is maintained. Review mine if
possible http://www.insightsonindia.com...

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Ias Ji 22 days ago

please review

see more
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Anand Rai 22 days ago

Disputes among states for water, land and in finance have become common but the increase
dispute in water is due to availability and non-achievable techniques in water storage has
made states to fight weather it is punjab-haryana or T.N-Kerala-Karnataka dispute.
Tendencies
1. DESPERATION people are in need for water and due to the shortfall there is loss in
productivity in agriculture, factories etc. that has made states to fight for water capacity
2. SOLUTIONS state governments cannot find solutions for their water shortage because
of lack IN PLANNING and development which leads to water dispute with neighboring
states
3. POLITICAL political parties and their MPs are looking for short term solutions and not
long term, as the unavailability of think tankers and planners is doing harm for the states
Courts response
1. DELAY court responses are delayed in these disputes and cases, as responses and
panels sit when the issue is escalated as is the case in Punjab satluj- Yamuna canal (it
happened in 2004)
2. INTERVENTION there is always a plea for intervention of Union governments in these
cases such as in T.N-Kerala mulliperiya dispute but the interim and interest is lacking in
dispute resolution
Water disputes are difficult to handle if escalated so the procedural acts by the courts and
U.G should be fast and swift to get the appropriate result as country is handling two water
disputes at a time from Karnataka-T.N and Punjab Haryana cases
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suchak 22 days ago

Constitution impose the responsibility on the parliament and union government to solve the
inter state water disputes. But number of the Cases still unsettled due to following reason :1. Union govt. passive attitude in the inter state water issue due to vote bank compulsion.
When there were congress government in union and most of states in 1960s , many multi
state water projects were done but not due to multi party politics its became more
problematic to settle these issues.
2. Water sharing spillover to the ethnic conflict. In 1992 and also recently in the 2016 ,
There were anti tamil riots in karanataka and Anti kartnataka in the Tamilnadu on the issue
of the water sharing of the Cauvery.
3. Though , Constitution article 262 clearly bar the role of the courts in inter state water
disputes , court interfere matters form back door form the issues of the Live hood of people
environmental concern etc. This made the issue more complex and also delayed.
These are the reason which provide the state government to space to judge their own case.
Though the state assembly have no competence to made any law on the inter state water
issue - Punjab government made law on the Yamuna - satuluj and Karanataka just this year
pass law on the cauvery water sharing.
State is made by its people and it is its duty and imperative to work for their betterment .
The same is seen in case of water disputes when states legislate to make repugnant act
ineffective as currently happening in punjab by rejecting sutlej canal and water to haryana .
This tendency has been increasing for :1. State`s imperative to care for its people
2. To score political points and assert vote banks in the upcoming elections/
3. On an economic scale , water is essential for all purposes and its scarcity would create
havoc in the state as can be seen in cauvery river dispute
Stake of union government and courts :1. As expected Union and courts are neutral towards either party and work on rational
legal measures. In punjab case , SC has rejected this legislation of punjab government
2. Centre wants the governments to solve this dispute peacefully and hence federalism of
our country is maintained.

3. In water disputes when a river passes through more than one state , the lower riparian
state is usually at a loss and conflicts are bound to occur . Both parties must go with
independent tribunal decision which is rational moral and achieveable for long term usage .
Rather than state acting as ad-hoc decision makers in water disputes , centre and courts
must make guidelines on water disputes since we have already witnessed so many
examples .Also people must place there faith on judiciary
B

Insights into Editorial: Cauvery dispute

The Cauvery water dispute, which has been a bone of contention between
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu for decades now, has again led to violence in
Karnataka after Supreme Court pronounced its modified order recently.

The Supreme Court has modified the amount of water

Karnataka has to release to Tamil Nadu, to 12,000 cusecs a day
from the earlier ordered 15,000 cusecs a day. The court directed
Karnataka to release this water until September 20. Since its
earlier order on September 5, Karnataka has been seeing oftenviolent protests against the apex courts order.

What is the dispute?

The Cauvery river originates in Karnatakas Kodagu district, flows
into Tamil Nadu and reaches the Bay of Bengal at Poompuhar. Parts
of three Indian states Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka and the
Union Territory of Pondicherry lie in the Cauvery basin.
Initially, the dispute was between Karnataka and TN but later Kerala
and Puducherry also entered the fray.

Pre-independence issue:
The issue dates back to 1892 when an agreement was filed between
Madras Presidency and Mysore for arbitration. Later, attempts were
renewed to arbitrate between the two states under supervision of
Government of India and second agreement was signed in 1924.

Under the control of the British, a 1924-agreement which laid

down the directives of the Krishnarajsagar dam was signed. It
gave both, the Madras Presidency and the Princely state of
Mysore the right to use to use the water of Cauvery.

However, owing to Madras objection to the construction of the

Krishnarajasagar dam, the agreement also allowed it to build the
Mettur dam.

According to the 1924 agreements the river water is

distributed as 75% with Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, 23% to
Karnataka and remaining to go to Kerala. Consequently, the
arrangement also lead to the restrictions being put on the area
that could be safely irrigated by both states using the Cauvery
water.
Post-independence efforts:
In the pre-independence era, these disputes were resolved by the
British by arbitrary talks and discussions. But the real problem
started when in, 1974, Karnataka (Mysore) asserted that the 1924
agreement entailed a discontinuation of the water supply to Tamil
Nadu (Madras) after 50 years.

Karnataka argued that since the river originated there, it was

entitled to use the water as it deemed fit and was not obligated
to follow the agreements made by the maharaja of Mysore under
a colonial government. It also expressed that the 1924
agreement was highly skewed in favour of Tamil Nadu.

Karnataka demanded that the river water should be divided

according to international rules, i.e., in equal portions. They
suggested that 94% could be divided equally between them and
the rest could be distributed to Kerala and Puducherry. However
Tamil Nadu wanted to stick to the original distribution which was
laid down in the 1924 agreement.
Cauvery waters tribunal:

Owing to Tamil Nadu governments appeal to the Central

government in 1986 to constitute a tribunal for solving the issue
under Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956, the Cauvery Waters
Tribunal was established on June, 2, 1990.
In 2007, after sixteen years of hearing and an interim order later,
the Tribunal announced its final order. It concluded that the water
availability in Cauvery stood at 740 tmc ft, Tamil Nadu would be
allocated 419 tmc ft water (56.62%) and Karnataka 270 tmc ft.
(36.48%). Kerala was given 30 tmc ft (4.05%) and Puducherry 7 tmc
ft (0.94%). However, both Tamil Nadu and Karnataka filed a review
petition before the Tribunal.
In 2012, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, as chairman of Cauvery
River Authority, directed the Karnataka government to release 9,000
cusecs of water daily. The Supreme Court slammed state
government as it failed to comply with the order. The government
offered an unconditional apology and started the release of water
leading to widespread violent protests.

Whats the issue now?

The dispute escalates when monsoon fails, as there is lesser water
to share. And this year, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have received
less than normal rainfall during the monsoon. Karnataka says it
cannot release water to TN for agriculture as it needs it for drinking
water purposes.
In August this year, the Tamil Nadu government said that there was
a deficit of 50.0052 tmcft (thousand million cubic feet) of water
released from Karnataka reservoirs, with respect to the minimum
limit directed by the CDWT. The Karnataka government said it
wouldnt be able to release any more Cauvery water, as low rainfall
during the monsoon had left its reservoirs half-empty. Tamil Nadu
then sought the apex courts intervention saying its farmers needed
the water to begin cultivating samba crops.
On September 5, the Supreme Court ordered the Karnataka
government to release 15,000 cusecs of water a day for 10 days, to
Tamil Nadu. This led to widespread protests and bandhs in
Karnataka.
Whats the main problem?
The reason for this endless cycle of sporadic litigation and ad hoc
adjudication is that both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu continue to
avoid any mutual engagement to share the shortfall during distress
years. And there is no permanent, independent mechanism to
ensure this.

The Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal, which gave its award in

2007, has asked the parties to share the deficiency on a pro rata
basis. However, a major problem in implementing this aspect is
the absence of a Cauvery Management Board and a Regulatory
Authority, which the Tribunal had wanted created to oversee
implementation.

Instead, after notifying the final award in 2013, the Union

government set up a Supervisory Committee comprising officials
from the Union government and the Central Water Commission
and representatives of both States. The court has now asked
Tamil Nadu to approach the committee, which will decide on
further releases.
What needs to be done?

Ideally, any distress-sharing formula should come from a

technical body. It would have helped if the Centre, which dillydallied for six years before notifying the final award under a
judicial direction, had set up the Cauvery Management Board and
Regulatory Authority.

In the longer term, experts will have to devise a sustainable

agricultural solution for the Cauvery basin, as the river does not
seem to have the potential to meet the farming requirements of
both sides.

In a world of depleting water resources, fewer crop seasons

and lower acreages, a resort to less water-intensive crops and
better water management hold the key.

Non-political initiatives, such as the Cauvery Family, a body

formed a few years ago covering farmers of both States, could
help disperse the clouds of hostility that gather over the border
whenever the Cauvery crisis erupts. Politics and passion should
not be allowed to hold sway.

Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puduchery need to shed

their present regional approach and plan collectively for the
whole river basin. Farmers in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu need to
understand each others needs and fears and collectively seek
solutions.

Initiatives like Cauvery Family, an inter-state collective of

farmer groups in the two states, could facilitate this process.
Besides, transmission of quick and accurate information
rainfall to reservoir storage could help dispel the current
mistrust among the different stake-holders.
The fact is the Cauvery basin is overdeveloped and legal
instruments are insufficient to address the recurring water crisis.

5) It is said that the current unrest in

Kashmir is a home-grown popular
uprising which cannot be blamed on
Pakistan or outsiders. Do you agree?

What would be the consequences of

continued clampdown on civil liberties
in the Valley for India? Critically
comment

The unrests in Kashmir have been on a high ever since the death of Burhan Wani.
This has raised questions on who is responsible for the unrests in Kashmir.
The main parties responsible are the anti-social elements who are mostly pushing
the agenda of Pakistan with their thousand cuts strategy . They continuously distract
the youth of Kashmir and mobilise their support by brainwashing them. Although the
problem is not originating from home, but it has been aggravated by our attitude
towards Kashmir which can be seen as:
(i) There are lack of employment opportunities there due to which Kashmiri youth can
easily get mobilised by anti-social elements.
(ii) Lack of economic growth due to which Kashmiris feel isolated.
(iii) There is a lack of continued discussions between the government and the people of
Kashmir.
(iv) There is less people to people contact between Kashmiris and people from rest of the
country, thus we are not fully aware of the problems they are facing. This can lead to biased
attitudes towards them.
(v) The use of AFSPA and sec 144 of crpc have led to discontent.
Due to such unrest, civil liberties have to be curbed some times in order to prevent antisocial elements from functioning in a proliferate manner. But such moves cannot solve the
problem because continued repression may lead to armed unrest and will give anti
social elements further leeway to mobilise youth, these constitute mere
firefighting . Longer term solutions that are needed are increasing economic
development, employment for the Kashmiri youth, dedicated discussions
among people and the government as to what their problems are and how they
can be solved.
Kashmir is like a crown on India's forehead and thus must be given its due importance.
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Sapna Dalal AETIUS 9 days ago

just food for thought1.employment opportunities are lacking for many(including us mortal IAS
aspirants)-does that justify revolt?'
2. LOC has not been sealed so that trade and cultural ties don't suffer and tourism
flourishes despite the security costs involved.
3.The separatists faction have a PROPER POLITICAL REPRESENTATION in
Hurriyat- can we say they don't have space for dialogue?
4.There is a general feeling of resentment in general public for Indians.THEY
REFUSE to be pally.
5.An average Kashmiri receives 8 times the govt aid/money than an average
Indian.
do think about it...

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arun Sapna Dalal 8 days ago

Its not about equality among us as we are union of diverse states. Kasmir
issue is all about sufferings of common people among good and bad.
Basically Education and economic activities will itself make them inclusive
in development era of union of India.

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AETIUS Sapna Dalal 9 days ago

Good points mam, my views

1. It doesn't justify revolt BUT it does give separatists enough fodder to use
for fermenting dissent
2. And what does hurriyat want?
It merely misdirects the youth, so is this really a proper platform for
representation and interaction?
3. I agree to the other points you have made.
ATB :))

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Sapna Dalal AETIUS 9 days ago

separatists breed where there is lack of education.

same is applicable for Hurriyat.
education is the sole key to address the problem.

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Mayursinh Chauhan Sapna Dalal 9 days ago

I don't think so if it is your argument then just see the profile

of Bangladesh Cafe attackers...some of them are
educated...other thing is that Center has done a lot for
kashmiri youth. several specific schemes were launched but
now stone pelting and other mischief is being taken as
adventure and becomes fashion for goons so many take part
in it. We have to innovate a solution as just like "tolerance"
this is also partially a "manufactured" problem. there is
hatred regarding misuse of AFSPA and some of them are
genuine in nature.

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Sapna Dalal Mayursinh Chauhan 9 days ago

I agree.
The profile of terror suspects vary a lot from region to region
as well as organisation.
Kashmir is different from IS,Bangladesh and for that matter
Pakistan.

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AETIUS Sapna Dalal 9 days ago

Yes mam.. a solution to most of the problems we are going

through

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Shaun AETIUS 9 days ago

Add following points like

stats about violence.
separatist movement
ill effect of afspa
article 370 and its removal etc..
good answer but dont start intro with such information.

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AETIUS Shaun 9 days ago

Good points brother..your points are duly noted :)

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Inspector Kay Shaun 9 days ago

Hi Shaun, what's your take on this issue? Is it homegrown completely or

partially (hence blaming on outsiders)?
What stand would you take while answering this question?

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Shaun Inspector Kay 9 days ago

i think it is homegrown partially only as factors like unemployment is

persistent throughout the country.
People to people connect is missing due to govt of kashmir which
doesnt want to remove A370 .
External factors like brainwashing of youth and cross border
terrorism are main concerns.
the only problem from indian side is draconian law ie afspa due to
human rights violations.

my take would be to highlight both sides and external factors are

major reason according to me .

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Serenity AETIUS 8 days ago

nice answer but inadequately addressed the consequence part....

Initially Kashmir only demanded autonomy in their working and Indian
government ignored it and tried to assimilate Kashmir into the mainstream of rest
of India.......by miss-using the Art. 370, AFSPA, Public safety act. India continued
to deny basic civil liberties to Kashmiris, not ready for concession rather it focus on
arrest of popular leaders and waiting for the Kashmiri people to lose hope.
However with this ignorance the feeling of anti-India is strengthening. Kashmiri
youth have realized that their peaceful acts are ignored and their violent responses
are given greater attention which can be seen in the current protest where local
youth are stone fighting and supporting the strike instead of armed squads or
antisocial goons. It's the time for Indian government to pay attention to the needs
of Kashmiri youth or the demand of autonomy would convert in total freedom as
can be seen from the current protests...
ATB :)

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AETIUS Serenity 8 days ago

Yes brother that is a valid observation ... and More could have added in the
2nd part.. thank you for the detailed review brother
ATB:)

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Dexter AETIUS 8 days ago

2nd part could have been addressed better.. rest good answer

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Vishnuraj Padamugal AETIUS 8 days ago

kashmir had talent hidden in the valleys recently tajmul islam became kick boxing
champ. policies for economic growth and development taking along all the people
needed

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Tushar Gupta AETIUS 9 days ago

An appropriate stand taken in the answer... Role of Pakis cannot be nagated

Use of a Thousand Cuts was clever :P
And in point (iv) -- maybe it should be --> biased attitude "against" them
Nice answer! Keep writing! :))

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GURU AETIUS 9 days ago

AFSPA , sec 144 crpc could have been added. didnt attend 2nd part of ques..?
continuous repression> probable armed resisitance > intensifies issue??
conclusion is impressive.

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AETIUS GURU 9 days ago

Yes brother thank you for pointing out..have made the necessary changes

http://disq.us/p/1

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Inspector Kay AETIUS 9 days ago

You can add a point on the atrocities meted out to the residents in the name of
national security. The AFSPA and J&K's Public Safety Act can be mentioned and
also section 144 of Cr.PC.

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AETIUS Inspector Kay 9 days ago

Yes brother :)

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Shab Sharma AETIUS 9 days ago

Nyc content and frame.. pls review

Mine

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TANVI GAUTAM AETIUS 9 days ago

Kindly review mine..

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o
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Aravind Varier 9 days ago

The separatist tendencies have been prevailing in the Kashmir valley from the time of
Independence to date and the current unrest can attributed to the "home-grown " popular
uprising due to the following reasons :
1) SPONTANEOUS UPHEAVAL :The recent wave of violence in the valley by the people do
not have any particular leader ,which was evident from the young boys coming out in the
open against the armed forces indicating the dissatisfaction against the state machinery for
its poor policies .
2) SECURITY ATROCITIES : The people have become fed up the frequent detention ,
arrest ,custodial torture by the armed forces in name of Nation security leading to the anger
against the government for making it as a police state rather than a welfare.
However ,one cannot deny the persisting problem of infiltration across the border from
Pakistan and the militants playing a role in spreading anti-India sentiment among the
masses,especially the youth in the Valley.
The continuous clampdown on civil liberties in the Valley would further alienate the masses
from the Indian state and can even lead to social unrest leading to bloodshed .This would
further deteriorate the respect for Human rights due to the states use of force to curb the
violence.
India should reach out to the Kashmiris and should take confidence of the religious clerics
to weed away youth away from violence and at the same time ,the state should ensure that
the programs are implemented in a transparent manner to remove the hurdles of corruption
that hinders development .
o
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Dexter Aravind Varier 8 days ago

What craziness going on here guys.. Aravind yaar even if you have an year, try
using it in writing better answers man, not in answering every criticism you face
and justifying every word u wrote or did not write.. have been witnessing such
ping-pong threads, where you reply and then the other guy replies, for 2nd or 3rd
time now.. just take criticism in spirit, and with a pinch of salt, use your intellect to
make the best use of given advice, and move on.. but move on for real dude, not
just in sugar-coated words in your replies..
now please do not feel the need to reply to this one.. :)

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Aravind Varier Dexter 8 days ago

Dear Dexter ,
Hahaha........I NEVER felt this as craziness .To tell you Honestly , I have
learned many aspect of answer writing as well as essay writing through
discussing and debating my view point with other candidates .
I have been taking criticism positively in this platform AND such type of
DETAILED REVIEW helped me to think better about the subject under
consideration :)
ALL THE BEST MY DEAR FRIEND :)

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Chandan Kr Aravind Varier 8 days ago

As the article clearly states "protest calendar" being issued by the separatists on a
weekly basis. How will you call the protests to be spontaneous then?

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Aravind Varier Chandan Kr 8 days ago

Dear Chandran ,
You cannot expect the local unemployed youth to follow the "protest
calendar " to protest :)
ALL THE BEST :)

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VIKKY@17 Aravind Varier 8 days ago

Nice answer AV

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Storm Aravind Varier 8 days ago

Hello Aravind,
God answer, because you have addressed the first part of question in your
introduction.However few areas1) Your point- spontaneous upheaval- right but why? Well people have discontent
against state machinery, even after special status, economic disparity and high
unemployment is another cause. There is a group in J&K, which demand freedom
without any role of Pak.and APSFA just intensify this situation and political
tendency to sensitize Art 370 irk the J&K people.
Second half of answer is good.

Wish you All The Best.

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Aravind Varier Storm 8 days ago

Dear Storm ,
A request from my side :)
Please write the answer to this question within 8 minutes AND i would be
reviewing your answer to know the way you are Balancing the QUALITY OF
THE CONTENT and the WORD LIMIT without loosing the CLARITY .
I want to know, Whether i am loosing the TRACK or NOT these days in my
answers :)
NOTE : exceeding the word limit will NOT be allowed :)
ALL THE BEST MY DEAR FRIEND :)
Storm Aravind Varier 8 days ago

Aravind Varier Storm 8 days ago

Dear Storm ,
QUESTION : It is said that the current unrest in Kashmir is a
home-grown popular uprising which cannot be blamed on

Pakistan or outsiders. Do you agree? What would be the

consequences of continued clampdown on civil liberties in the
Valley for India? Critically comment.
This answer consists of approximately 230 WORDS
DETAILED REVIEW :)
Introduction is GOOD :)
Reasons for the "HOME GROWN " Uprising :)
1) First point is GOOD :)
2) Second point lacks CLARITY ?? You are citing despite
having special status ,Lack of economic growth and
employment opportunity ??? The answer is TOTALLY
SILENT WHY despite special status ,there is lack of economic
growth and employment opportunity in the Valley that is
leading to Social Unrest ???? I Hope you got my point :)
3) Third point is GOOD :)
You can AVOID the sentence " All above stated reason has
given birth to discontent in valley people and resulted into
unrest and spontaneous uprising " THIS IS NOT ADDING
ANY VALUE TO YOUR ANSWER :)
If you remove this small paragraph from the answer , then
you can SAVE 19 WORDS :)
OTHER REASONS apart from the Home Grown factors :)
1) State and non-state sponsored terrorist activities ,especially
Pakistan has compelled India to take some stringent
measures ???? WHEN YOUR ARE EXPECTED TO WRITE
THE COUNTER ARGUMENT TO THE HOME GROWN
TERROR reasons that is responsible for the unrest in
Kashmir ,YOU ARE WRITING Pakistan has compelled India
to take some stringent measures AND PLEASE TELL ME
HOW is India's stringent measures against Pakistan have
been responsible for the Social unrest in the Valley ??
2) Second point is GOOD :)

3) In recent ,unrest ,protester had retaliated with hand

grenades which were not usual in unrest in any part of
India ???? WHAT SHOULD THE EXAMINER
UNDERSTAND FROM THIS POINT ??? You are telling that
the protesters used grenades BUT totally SILENT FROM
WHERE DID THEY GET THOSE GRENADES ???
4) Fourth point is GOOD :)
The consequence of continued clampdown is GOOD :)
Conclusion is GOOD :)
CERTAIN POINTS TO REMEMBER :)
I hope you have written the answer within the the prescribed
time limit :)
You NEED to be accurate with the DATA that you are
presenting in your answer :)
Anyway ,NOTHING to worry because 99% of the candidates
would fumble at the examination hall due to the following
reasons :)
1) Majority would read SECURE Synopsis rather than
practicing all the 2500 answers posted in a year :)
2) Majority would loose their cool due to due to the lack of
content for certain questions :)
3) Majority would BEAT AROUND THE BUSH by writing
HALF BAKED points :)
You are writing GOOD AND ACCURATE ANSWERS but
needs to fine tune it MORE to ensure that you reach the TOP
by suppressing all the candidates who are taking the Civil
service ( Mains ) examination - 2016 :)
MY REVIEW ON MY ANSWER :)
I know there are certain defects in my answers especially
related to MY inability to present the IDEAS Concisely BUT I
have ONE COMPLETE YEAR in Hand and with this

momentum ,I know,I would be able to write all the answers

without deviations and with clarity within the prescribed time
limit :)
The path towards that PERFECTION is PRACTICE !
PRACTICE ! & PRACTICE !
Yours Obediently - ARAVIND :)

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Storm Aravind Varier 8 days ago

Thanks Aravind, I wrote this answer around 7 minutes with

free hands, but I do not know how much originality is there in
this answer, as I have read some answer at this thread already
including your, and guess word SPONTANEOUS is borrowed
from your answer subconsciously.
ABout your review- reason part , I agree but still, i believe the
question is implicitly asking causes rather reason behind
causes and t is said, economic causes is important factor and
bringing clarity in this point will consume more than 300
words.
On the other hand, all the factors are interrelated to each
other and very complex in nature, economic cause leading to
discontent and consequently protest in round, protest is
resulting into economic slower growth, and other factors like
corruption and nepotism are also responsible.

Bating around bush have different connotation for me, some

people do lacks clarity when it is needed and this
understanding come with practice but on some places, some
points are self explanatory.
At last, it is good think you have good time, so i will suggest
you to finalise your outcome of your experiment.:)
Some modification in your suggestion- The path towards that
PERFECTION is PRACTICE ! PRACTICE ! & PRACTICE !
BUT IN RIGHT DIRECTION.
Wish you ALl The Best. :-)

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Aravind Varier Storm 8 days ago

Dear Storm ,
The points raised in my review to your answer are VALID
because the points that you have written in your are NOT self
- explanatory AND i would suggest you a method to write the
same points in paragraph format as well as adding a flow to
the answer :)
PARAGRAPH FORMAT of the POINTS Written in your
answer :)
Lack of economic growth due to the poor implementation of
policies and the Human rights violations by the state due to

rampant misuse of provisions of APSPA among others have

led to the unrest. In addition,the media should also be
blamed for fueling the protest by portraying Kashmiris in
poor light .
NOW OBSERVE THE WORD IN ADDITION in the
paragraph .
These type of SENTENCE CONNECTORS can be used in our
answer that would help us to write answers in paragraph
format by clubbing 2 to 3 points in a paragraph :)
The advantage of writing in PARAGRAPH STYLE is of the
flow, it can bring to our answer AND It also shows the
maturity of the candidate in presenting his or her IDEAS in
the answer :)
I would suggest you to read the web link in this reply
regarding the sentence connectors that can be used in our
answers .
web link : http://www.myenglishteacher.eu...
ALL THE BEST MY DEAR FRIEND :)

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Storm Aravind Varier 8 days ago

Thanks Aravind, Yes there are some unnecessary words n my

answer, will take care of it but your link does not contain any
connecting words, see if I am missing anything.
Thank You And Wish You All The Best. :-)

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Aravind Varier Storm 8 days ago

Dear Storm ,
Open the web link AND scroll down the page .
You would be able to find connecting words :)
Please let me know Whether you could see the connecting
words or NOT :)

Yours Sincerely - ARAVIND :)

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Storm Aravind Varier 8 days ago

:-) Thanks Aravind. I got it, Yeah it will helpful to make me to

save words and bring in my answer.
Thanks again for link.
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Aravind Varier Storm 8 days ago

Dear Storm ,
I have written they are dissatisfied with poor policies SO this is the reason
for the same for the UPHEAVAL :)
Poor policy includes everything that hasn't been implemented properly :)
ALL THE BEST MY DEAR FRIEND :)

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Storm Aravind Varier 8 days ago

Well, To be fair, I do not think you are diverting as your most of

answer meet the demand of questions but sometimes, it lacks the
content, like your first point spontaneous upheaval is guarantee of
home grown reasons? No, you must cite what are those polices as
polices is very wide term.to tell you truth, besides some vague point,
your answer is looking balanced one, It was demading a stand. ANd I
am using word vague only for this answers, as some ther answers are
well researched and presented.
Wish you All The Best Buddy,

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Aravind Varier Storm 8 days ago

Dear Storm ,
I will give a DETAILED REVIEW for your answer and would
comment on this :)
Yours Obediently - ARAVIND :)

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GURU Aravind Varier 9 days ago

2nd part of the question untouched? probable armed resistance if situation

intensifies?

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Aravind Varier GURU 9 days ago

THANKS FOR POINTING OUT :)

I Will add that in the Answer now by editing it :)

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vin Aravind Varier 8 days ago

Hey,when i started checking this platform lyk around july ...your

answers where the one's that i used as refernce ....but these days your
answers seems very vague....your old anss were multi
dimensional..these days answers are very restricted....hope that you
will take this as constructive criticsm..KWAR ..GBU

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Aravind Varier vin 8 days ago

Dear vin,
I always take the FEEDBACK of the candidates in this
platform with OPEN HANDS , I have taken your CRITICISM
positively

The answers that i used to write in July were EXCEEDING

the word limit BUT these days i am little bit CAREFUL about
the WORD LIMIT :)
I don't think we can exceed the WORD LIMIT by huge
proportions in the name of Multi-dimensional :)
I have seen Candidates in this platform writing answers
exceeding the WORD LIMIT by a Huge margin and if you feel
such answers are GOOD ,Then i beg to DIFFER with you :)
Answer writing is an ART and i am still learning it by
experimenting daily in this platform :)
ALL THE BEST MY DEAR FRIEND :)

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vin Aravind Varier 8 days ago

No..no aravind its not about the word limit ..the answer
structure seems diff..lyk u knw u had sharp concise points
now it's lyk alittl vague...i have been folllowing your answrs
and observng this quality change..kwar...jus thnk over dis!!!!!

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Aravind Varier vin 8 days ago

Dear vin,
I would request you to post some of your answers tomorrow
for the questions posted by InsightsOnIndia for their
SECURE initiative :)
I take the FEEDBACK given by candidates in this platform
with GREAT importance :)
So ,If you are telling my answers are becoming vague ,I would
like to know from you itself :)
Anyway ,I am writing all the answers daily ,so please post any
of the answer for any particular question :)
I would review YOUR ANSWERS and i want you to review my
answer and give an hint where i am loosing the track :)
Your feedback would be GIVEN the maximum priority
because i got fed up hearing " good answer " from many
candidates in this platform for my answers :)
So,I am requesting you to post minimum 3 answers tomorrow
so that we can have a FRUITFUL Discussion that would
benefit you as well as me :)
ALL THE BEST MY DEAR FRIEND :)

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vin Aravind Varier 8 days ago

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vin vin 8 days ago

Apologies for word limit...you are too specific abt that..nd

upsc too..i knw..bt stil i think v shud nt compromise content

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Aravind Varier vin 8 days ago

Dear vin,
QUESTION :It is said that the current unrest in Kashmir is a
home-grown popular uprising which cannot be blamed on
Pakistan or outsiders. Do you agree? What would be the

consequences of continued clampdown on civil liberties in the

Valley for India? Critically comment.
I am giving a DETAILED REVIEW of your answer ,so that we
can have an academic discussion on the it.
This would help us to share each others understanding on the
Question and the structure that needs to followed to improve
the quality of the answers that we write in the Civil Service
( Mains ) examination :)
DETAILED REVIEW :)
Introduction is GOOD :)
Reasons for the unrest in Kashmir to be home-grown :)
1) First point is GOOD :) because you are talking about
misuse of APSPA , Kashmir public safety act , CrPC section
144 etc.
2) Second point is GOOD :) because you are telling about the
leaders arrest and subsequent violence arising out of it :)
3) Your third point says : UN Human rights council not
permitted to visit Kashmir,the international fora would be
critical on this ??? PLEASE TELL ME WHERE IS THE
"HOME GROWN " factor in this point that have led to the
present UNREST in Kashmir ??? This point is NOT
addressing the demand of the question :)
4) Education and economy in the valley is in a black out :)
AGREED :) But the question is asking you to say the
REASONS for Home grown factors responsible for the Social
unrest AND NOT the after affects of the social Unrest :)
Your point related to education and economy in the valley is
in the black out would be APT, if the question was asking you
to write " What are the consequences of SOCIAL UNREST in
the Kashmir Valley " I HOPE YOU GOT MY POINT :)
5) The distorted accounts send by the media has also created
confusions ??? I Have certain question to ask you with respect
to this point

Question 1 : TO WHOM DID THE MEDIA SEND THE

DISTORTED ACCOUNTS ?
Question 2 : WHAT TYPE OF CONFUSIONS WERE
CREATED AND TO WHOM IT WAS CREATED ?
Question 3 : HOW DID THE "DISTORTED ACCOUNTS "
SEND BY THE MEDIA WHICH CREATED CONFUSION
LEAD TO THE " HOME GROWN " social unrest in
Kashmir .?? NOT mentioned in the answer ???
THIS POINT LACKS CLARITY ???
As per your answer you HAVEN'T written anything about
citing that PAKISTAN AND OUTSIDERS are also responsible
for the social unrest in Kashmir ???
You have totally supported the statement in the answer
,which is telling that the CURRENT UNREST in Kashmir is
purely HOME GROWN and have nothing to do with Pakistan
or other non state actors operating across the Border ??? ARE
YOU SURE Pakistan AND Other Non-Sate actors are NOT
responsible for the current UNREST in Kashmir ??
It is very clear that the terrorists and militants are infiltrating
across the border and radicalizing the youth to vent their
anger against the Indian state ???
IT IS A MUST TO GIVE REFERENCE TO THIS ASPECT IN
THE ANSWER ,WHICH WOULD ADD BALANCE TO THE
ANSWER as per the demands of the UPSC :)
Consequences of continuous clampdown on civil liberties in
the valley :)
1) First point is GOOD :) because you are citing that the
violence would aggravate :)
2) Second point is GOOD :) because you are telling the
Pakistan and terrorists would take advantage of the situation .
3) Third point is GOOD because you are citing it would be a
black on India's global image :)

4) Fourth point is GOOD :) because economically and

educationally the valley would be put to sub-standard
WAY FORWARD :)
1) First point is GOOD :) But Why are you writing in the
answer the Dialogue must be away from the MEDIA EYES ??
This shows to the examiner that the candidate is interested to
to do the Dialogue process secretly ??? I would suggest you
NOT to write this point " away from the media eyes "
2) second point is GOOD :) because you are writing youth
must be given skill training
3) In third point .Do you think other states would be
interested in offering investment ,infrastructure to Kashmir
when the chance of the Business succeeding is low ? This
point lacks clarity ???
This point is UNREALISTIC because without a sound political
stability in the valley . NO investor would ever be interested to
invest the state of Jammu and Kashmir ???
You should clearly tell that , the Central Government should
provide Tax holidays for companies that set their shop in the
state of Jammu and Kashmir :)
4) I find your point of restructuring and repealing the Article
370 IMPRACTICAL by taking the context of the question into
consideration ??? This is actually a LONG TERM solution and
you cannot write this point when the question is asking for
the current home grown unrest in Kashmir ??
The question is NOT at all asking WAY FORWARD and you
have written a DETAILED WAY FORWARD ???
LET ME START THE DISCUSSION :)
The answer that i have written for this question is 257
WORDS , which itself i feel is BAD because it is exceeding
the word limit :)
I have counted the number of words in your answer and
found it to be approximately 295 WORDS :)

I would like to know HOW will you be able to manage the

time by writing answers exceeding the word limit by a HUGE
MARGIN and you can see in my review ,where i have pointed
out each and every flaw which is NOT addressing the demand
of the question ?
YOU ARE WELCOME TO POINT THE VAGUENESS IN MY
ANSWER :)

Yours Obediently - ARAVIND :)

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vin Aravind Varier 8 days ago

aravind, thank you for the detailed review :-)

Never got somebody pointing out so well.. totally accept your
suggestions!!!!!
will try to post more answers, now that i think some1 wud tak
the pain of reviewing!!!
i totally agree with points you have mentioned ..the 2nd part
not addressed, im no master and i dont know to point it out
specifically...sumthing is lacking...multi dimension is lacking
may be...like govts measures, afspa,leaders being arested,
economy , education..etc etc...may be!!!!
Aravind, i jus wanna say that ur answers wer olwys a refernce,
i wantd them bak to that level!!!! ol da best !!
KWAR AND THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR
REVIEWING.GBU
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Aravind Varier vin 8 days ago

Dear vin,
I generally DON'T Give such DETAILED REVIEWS for
answers because it takes a lot of time :)
The reason why i gave you this DETAILED REVIEW is to
check Whether my UNDERSTANDING of ANSWER
WRITING is accurate or NOT :)
I take GREAT CARE while writing answers AND Since,You
have said my answers are VAGUE and have reduced in
quality compared to the ones that i have written in JULY.This
made me to get back to the drawing board to Analyze all that i
have learned about answer writing in this platform from past
10 months :)
I Generally check my UNDERSTANDING of my knowledge by
reviewing ESSAYS AND ANSWERS in DETAIL and i have
personally learned a lot by adopting this strategy in the past .
Yours Obediently - ARAVIND :)

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Orlando Mazzota 8 days ago

1. Kashmir has been reduced from a political issue to one of national security and law and
order.
2. Dissident Kashmiris are generally perceived as of Pro-Pakistanis. This obviates the need
to recognize the disaffection among the Kashmiris. This over simplified perception doesnt
discriminate whether the 'enemy' is dealt brutally by fake encounters or pellet guns.
3. The mainstream media has been seem to be playing the murky game of debates which are
far away from ground reality & that bolsters the pre conceived notion about Kashmiris .
4. Disillusionment and loss of faith in a rhetoric political establishment that describes
Kashmir as an integral part of India, which espouse separatism.
5. Entangled situation for pro-Kashmiris, pro-Indians, Kashmiri Pundits. Seems like the
situation has been evolved as a strategic & land centric issue, rather than people centric with
a demographic bigotry.
6. Although issues of Punjab was solved in the same the line, Kashmir left behind because of
its special status. No investment like other states, no economic development, no incentives,
so poor human capital development.
7. Unfair treatment of India in providing justice to victims of Indian Army brutalities
(AFSPA).
Vices of Kashmiris are not innate rather they are the effects of their political conditioning.
Continuous clampdown will further escalate the abominable situation, so we have to
rationalize our approach in a coherent way, recognizing human rights & focusing on socio
economic developments without compromising our sovereignty.
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Corrigible 9 days ago

pLEAE review
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TANVI GAUTAM Corrigible 9 days ago

Please review mine

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Rajat 8 days ago

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swetha 9 days ago

Unrest in Jammu and Kashmir is not only homegrown. Pakistan and other outsiders play a
significant role in causing instability in this region.
Role of India : 1) Historical Reasons : Origin of this issue began with the hurried integration of this
erstwhile princely state with India, without obtaining the consent of the people
2) High Handedness of State : Imposition of the AFSPA and frequent curfew in the state has
curtailed the civil liberties of the citizens. The Armed forces and police enjoy impunity for
the extra judicial killings.
3) Political Dialogue : The Issue has only been seen as a law and order problem. Political
dialogue even if present is not conducted with all the stake holders .
4) Development : Benefits of economic growth have not reached the state. Basic education
and health facilities continue to remain absent. There is frequent disruption of economic
activities and high levels of unemployment and poverty.
5) Governance : Absence of political stability and good governance has further fueled the
anger against the government
Role of Outsiders :1) Border Disputes : Unresolved border issue with China and Pakistan has handicapped
India from providing a political solution to the crisis
2) State Sponsored Terrorism : Frequent infiltration of terrorists sponsored by the Pakistan
state has destabilized the region apart from recruiting the youth to such organizations by
tapping their grievances.
3) Identity Crisis : Since the region is claimed by three different countries, the people face
an identity crisis. This strengthens their regional identity rather than nationalist identity.
Impact of clampdown on civil liberties :Restriction on civil liberties is necessary to restore law and order. But this has only fueled
anti India sentiments among the people. State is being seen as the enemy and terrorists such
as Burhan Wani are worshipped as martyrs. Therefore suppression of protests causes
further anger and alienation, strengthening the demand and support for secession from
India.
Resolving the Jammu and Kashmir issue requires strong political will and the usage of
diplomacy to resolve issues with Pakistan and China. Though, usage of force is necessary as
a short term measure, political dialogue and winning the confidence of the people is
essential to bring a long term solution to the problem.
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Shab Sharma 9 days ago

Ans. The current unrest in kashmir is a home grown popular uprising which cannot be
blaimed on outsiders. Yes agree. Reasons are1.role of leftist parties- like JKLF provides platform to youths of jammu and kashmir(j&k)
for raising issues againts governemnt(govt) and protest with various methods like stone
pelting,flurring flags of pakistan and ISIS.
2.rising unemployment-the main reason which leads to youth towards uprising is their
unemployment.with the attraction of some sort of money they are easily get trapped in the
violence.
3.role of armed forces-suppression of crowd,firing, use of IPC 144 only leads to uprising as
history says when we use force against crowd it only results in uprising.eg. American
revolution.
4. Forceful evictions-results in separation of youth from one another by forces further
aggravated the situation.
-consequences of continued clampdown on civil liberties are1.erode our image in international forum-like UNO. E.g amnesty international recently
highlighted the human rights issue of kashmir.
2.it will provide more spark to ongoing situation-the situation get calm to some extent, if
further clampdown on civil liberties-lead to more violence.
3.it will lead to further loss of lives of both armed forces and civilians.
4.increase hatredness towards country and lead to further help from neighbours.
Way ahead-1.engage youth in employment-by providing opportunities in job concession and
engaged them in sports.recent prog.of govt sporting for all for j&k is good step.
2.engage leftist parties for talks.
So, the need of the hour is to resolve the situation to peace so that we can focus towards our
other issues like economic situation in country.
Plz review
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TANVI GAUTAM 9 days ago

Kashmir unrest is not evolved in single day and not even have single reason and source. It is
result of "home grown " uprising and outsider's continuous interventions as Indian
intelligence agencies approved the relationship between Pakistan sponsored terrorist
activities in kashmir. Kashmir unrest get its peak point after the death of armed militant
Burhan wani.
Hurriyat leaders sponsored stone pelting activities and issued weekly calendar of protest
activities. Pakistan occupied kashmir fueling this unrest and violence by providing man,
money and material resources. Till now Indian government not showed any initiative
towards settlement. So current unrest is a result of both ingrown activities and outsider's
involvement.
Consequences of continued clampdown on civil liberties :::
1) ALIENATION OF MINORITIES
Continuous suppression of civil liberties can lead to mental breakdown and aggregate the
feeling of alienated society
2) DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND WEAKNESS
Involvement of kashmir youth in terrorist activities, stone pelting, decreased enrollment in
schools and unemployment leads to weak demographic dividend.
3) DECREASE IN QUALITY OF EDUCATION
Because of absence of teachers, burning of schools, coverage of half syllabus.
4) DECREASE IN LITERACY RATE
5) EMPLOYMENT DEGRADATION
6) LESS INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL INVESTMENT
Continuous violence and kashmir's right of property not conducive for investment.
7) DECREASE IN HUMAN GROWTH INDEX
8) THREAT OF ISIS
9) TRADE DEFICIT
10) DECREASE IN AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE PRODUCTIVITY

11) VIOLATION OF CONSTITUTION

Kashmiri people are deviod of their fundamental rights.
12) INCREASED THE POSSIBILITIES OF UNITED NATIONS INTERVENTION
India is unification of 29 states so its the responsibility of our government to solve all
problems and circumstances by talk not war. So government should initiate unconditional
diplomatic talk with kashmir separatist, militants and common people. Make provision for
peaceful protest to express their demands and problems. Ensure the enjoyment of all
fundamental rights under constitution.
KINDLY REVIEW
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Mayursinh Chauhan TANVI GAUTAM 9 days ago

it seems to be that i am reading a long editorial. your preface is good and as many
told me to compress my answer as i always gets out of word limit, you are also in
my league w.r.t encroachment in word limit. The other thing is that,at least from
my understanding is that, question seeks that what can be the factual consequences
for India?????and your 2,3,4,5,7,11 points are not impressive and misstated . your
ending is also too long. That's what i feel. i may be wrong so don't feel it. keep
writing we all here to do mistakes.

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TANVI GAUTAM Mayursinh Chauhan 8 days ago

Thank you so much for your valuable review :)

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Mayursinh Chauhan 9 days ago

Recent unrest of Kashmir is the by product of encounter of Commander of Hizbul

Mujaheddin. It is pertinent to note that some experts believe that Pakistan has played no
role in recent chaos and should not be blamed. While i respect their opinion but differ from
it partially.
It is very clear that Pakistan is funding and Compensating those who are participating in
this chaos specially Goons, stray people, misplaced youths, small traders and shopkeepers
etc. So in that sense Pakistan is fueling them by giving essential things and at the same time
up roaring this issue on International Platforms,though collected no support. Hence
Pakistan's involvement is not full but not partial also. It is the largest stakeholder of this
unrest.
It is also inevitable to note here that Locals are playing major role in this tempest claiming it
as by product of the policies of Government of India like Non Judicious Use of Afspa and

Forces, Eye capturing of separatists who have handsome support there, News paper ban and
Love for Encountered commander as they are seeing him as martyr etc. and hence it will
have many consequences :
1) Hatred against our nation will rise and it is also possible that many new local misplaced
youth will join Militancy and terror groups.
2) Recently, within six months or so, we have lost more than 50 soldiers there and it is also
clear from Past events that Militants are targeting only Army not Local Civilians so it is
threat at hand for Military which is having almost no local support and If Such a thought
travel through out Nation then In different sensitive Parts of Country like
Gujarat,Maharashtra etc may come under communal Riots also.
3) Separatists are having huge support there and this unrest has further appreciated it
moving them towards a dominant position in talks,if take place in future.
4) Governments recent apathy to not to talk with all stakeholders, is further diverting those
also,which have some soft corner for our nation as they are having economic losses.
5) Today, Even Though Pakistan is glorifying this Issue, rests without support but we know
this world is multi polar with Plastic Friendship hence we must find remedies soon, because
if World Organizations will loud this issue once, then we will be pressurized to do things
that we may not inclined to.
Of course this Unrest has long term economic consequences also like almost no tourism etc.
but this is a reasonable time to narrow down this mischief by talks with all stakeholders
because our rival neighbor is in no position of gain or loose but we are on loosing side that
we can't afford further.
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Mayursinh Chauhan Mayursinh Chauhan 9 days ago

PLZ. REVIEW FRIENDS.

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kumar abhishek Mayursinh Chauhan 9 days ago

You haven't answer the first part of question.u have to write about home
grown uprisings..why is it so..do u agree..and then ur unbiased answer...u
have written all points from the point of Indian gov only.u have to write
from Kashmiri point of view also..what they want from India..why they
want..and it was too lengthy..I think more than 200 words..overall good
attempt..keep writing...

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Mayursinh Chauhan kumar abhishek 9 days ago

i differ from you. Do you agree???????????????

"It is very clear that Pakistan is funding and Compensating those
who are participating in this chaos specially Goons, stray people,

misplaced youths, small traders and shopkeepers etc. So in that

sense Pakistan is fueling them by giving essential things and at the
same time up roaring this issue on International Platforms,though
collected no support. Hence Pakistan's involvement is not full but
not partial also. It is the largest stakeholder of this unrest.
It is also inevitable to note here that Locals are playing major role in
this tempest claiming it as by product of the policies of Government
of India like Non Judicious Use of Afspa and Forces, Eye capturing of
separatists who have handsome support there, News paper ban and
Love for Encountered commander as they are seeing him as martyr
etc." regarding word limit, i will try not to encroach.

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TANVI GAUTAM kumar abhishek 9 days ago

Kindly review mine

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TANVI GAUTAM Mayursinh Chauhan 9 days ago

Kindly review mine.

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TANVI GAUTAM Mayursinh Chauhan 8 days ago

First part is very well explained as per the requirement of question. Don't write i or
we instead of it use words like India or Indian government etc......it's totally
personal opinion....I am not expert in it

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Shab Sharma Mayursinh Chauhan 9 days ago

Nice attempt but stick to word limit pls review mine

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Aspirant 8 days ago

Beautiful Kashmir valley is on boil ever since the killing of Hizbul Mujahideen commander
Burhan Wani. Protests, intermittent violence and long stretches of curfew brought the life to
a grinding halt.
The current unrest in Kashmir is only 'partially' home-grown due to the following factors:
-SOCIAL:
>Restriction on civil liberties
>Attack on school buildings
>Sense of alienation from rest of India
-POLITICAL:
>Talks with stakeholders -> not fructifying
>Lack of communiaction between mainstream politics and people
-ECONOMIC:
>Lack of development
>Poverty
>Lack of employment opportunities

-ADMINISTRATIVE / LEGAL:
>AFSPA
>J&K Public Safety Act
>Sec 144 of CrPC
>Use of pellet guns
On the other hand, Anti-social elements and external actors are resorting to cross- border
infiltration bids, mobilising and misdirecting the Kashmiri youth and fueling anti-India
sentiments in valley.
Continued clampdown on civil liberties might:
-intensify alienation in Kashmir
-further push Kashmiri youth towards violent activities
-delay the return of normalcy to state
In shorter run, the government should follow the footsteps of AB Vajpayee to engage all the
stakeholders in peace talks. In longer run, the Government needs to address not only the
violence but deeper problems of alienation in the state.
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ankita 8 days ago

On the mid night of 15August India got the long awaited freedom from the British raj.But
the Raj left India in a limbo over the question of consolidating the princely states into the
Indian Republic. The people of Kashmir are still facing the wreath of the division.The
problem in Kashmir is a partly home grown problem which is being ignited and used as a
shrewd tactic by the Indian neighbours especially Pakistan.The people of Kashmir are
unhappy with the administration,are infuriated by the long drawn cease fire violation across
the Line of control and are exhausted by the disruption of their life and livelihood.The

blame here is to be equally shared between India ,Pakistan and the authoritarian
mismanagement which lead to the inception of this problem.Consequences:
1.Denial of human rights in Kashmir can lead to an aggravated response by the Separatists
and military groups.
2.Long drawn disruption of civil life leads to human resource deterioration.
3.The youth in Kashmir instead of looking forward towards their future is diverted towards
the ideologies of separation from India.
4.Resentments in the hearts of people can lead to complete loss of faith on Indian
government.
5.Suppression of media and the oppression by military is the direct attack on the right to
live with dignity .
6.Lack of economic growth and skill development.
7.All this leads to unemployment and the vicious cycle of poverty ,resentment and long
lasting anger towards government come into action.
The allocation of blame should not be a moot question at this stage.Many precious and
young lives are being wasted in Kashmir.The main concern at this stage should be problem
solving which can only be done by a constant united effort by responsive civil societies and
government.
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Vaibhav Tripathi 8 days ago

Kashmir has been a bone of contention between India and Pakistan with both countries
showing interest in it. While the countries are fighting for the strategic location, economic
capability and territory of Kashmir , the main sufferers have been the people of Kashmir.
This has led to alienation of Kashmiris from India. However, whether the problem is home
grown or imported from Pakistan is debatable.

Pakistan after losing in 1965, 71 and 99 has gone for proxy war which has been reconfirmed
by Mr. Parvez Musharraf himself. In this proxy war, it has used means such as drugs, money
and terrorism for achieving its need. This led to demographic change in Kashmir from the
time of independence and leading to formation of a Pro-Pakistan opinion in some sections
of Kashmir. However, Pakistan alone cannot be blamed for the situation of Kashmir today.
Neglect of Kashmir in development, modernisation has further aggravated the problem.
Kashmir lacks basic infrastructure, health and education facilities as per its requirements.
Employment has not been created and still depends on the traditional sources of
employment like Carpet, Shawl, Farming etc.
All these factors have culminated into the current tension in Kashmir for which government
has imposed a clampdown for more than 100 days. However, this clampdown on civil
liberties has further led to alienation of people. Even sympathisers have been turning
against the Indian state. The clampdown is further leading to slowdown of development of
the state. Even Indian soft power suffers due to the problems in Kashmir. Kashmir have
natural resources, human resource, ecological biodiversity which all could be exploited for
the betterment of the state and country by providing pragmatic policies, stable political rule,
a caring and supportive hand to the public. The solution lies in the Vajpayee government
formula for Kashmir i.e. Kashmiriyat, Insaniyat and Jhamooriyat.
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Tesseract 8 days ago

Recently, post demonization, a freshly minted Rs 2000 note was recovered from slain nonlocal militant in kashmir, indicating the sheer support of locals for ongoing unrest in the
valley. So, it can be asserted that this situation is home-grown due to following;
1) Thousands participate in funerals of militants. Clearly it is not something funded by
neighbours. Emotional support is humongous these days.

2) Well-off, educated locals are joining militancy implies the resentment boiling within,
against India.
Yet, a pinch of salt can be attributed to neighbour's acts of cover firing the infiltrators,
adding fuel to the fire.
Clampdown on civil liberties will have dire consequences in this charged atmosphere.
People are already resenting AFSPA and Public Safety Act misuses. With blockade on
internet & human rights organisations, situation might get worse. Education, Health
services are limping. Gagging the newspapers had further raised suspicion against state.
Economy of the state has weakened further. Continued repression is likely to intensify
alienation.
However, certain steps like gagging the net can be right step to stop spreading rumours.
After all security forces are humans, AFSPA is meant to empower them in such situations.
Yet, government needs to ensure that it doesn't lead to human right abuses. Iron fist
approach may not solve the problem. Development, grievance redressal could be the start
for peaceful Kashmir. Unconditional dialogue might create a proper, everlasting solution to
this issue.
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Ajitha 9 days ago

see more
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Aspirant@S 9 days ago

The unrest in Kashmir which has taken a violent turn after the killing if the Hizbul
Mujahideen commandor Burhan Wani is long drawn. The reason for the growth of Violence
is not outside forces but the internal conditions.
The reasons why the unrest is growing are1. The human rights violations of the people through AFSPA and J&K Public safety Act.
2. The right to live and the right to free speech has been denied to the people of Kashmir.
3. Constant fear of death among the people is a major reason why Kashmiris want
Independance.
4. People loosing their family members are turning violent due to anger and outrage.
5. Lack of action on the part of the Indian Government.
6. Gross human rights violations including rapes, encounters, surgical strikes, etc are
shaking the confidence of the Kashmiris in the Indian Government.
The consequences of such unrest are1. The rise in number of mental disorders that Kashmiri adults are facing.
2. Denial of basic facilities are making the population suffer from Poverty and hunger.
3. Continued loss of lives of many.
4. A feeling of isolation and deprivation.
5. Grunt in economic growth of the state thus not providing them adequate means of
livelihood specially people living on the borders.
The need of the hour is go back to the time when with the efforts of PM Vajpayee Kashmir
could be restored and revived to some extent. Whatever be the situation, every person
should have the right to live. Continous efforts are required for the growth and
empowerment of the people so as to win back their confidence in the nation.
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Aspirant@S Aspirant@S 9 days ago

Please Review.

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Chhavi 9 days ago

The killing of Burhan Wani, the commander of terrorist outfit "Hizbul Mujahideen" by
Indian security forces in early July led to eruption of popular protests in Kashmir Valley.
Prima facie protest appears homegrown & popular as:
1. with, wide participation & support of local Kashmiris, the protests are continuous with no
signs of abatement, successfully brining entire Kashmir to a grinding halt.
however current unrest in Kashmir though popular, cannot be concluded as entirely homegrown:
1. tacit support from Pakistan, with an intention to keep the Kashmir issue ablaze;
2. some local political outfits particularly separatists, with tacit Pakistani support, for petty
political mileage are brainwashing Kashmiri youths into a rebellion against Union of India.

To counter terrorism & uprisings in Kashmir, Indian state has resorted to special provisions
like Armed forces special powers act and public safety act, which give extra-ordinary powers
to security forces to effectively tackle threats to peace & security.
but these provision have led to a continued clampdown on civil liberties in Kashmir which
has only alienated local Kashmiris from India in the long run.
The solution lies in development of Kashmir which generates gainful employment
opportunities so that youth energies can be diverted to peaceful constructive causes. but
such development requires peace & local support which can come through meaningful
dialogue with all stakeholders that is union & state government, local leaders, Civil society.
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ishtiaq 9 days ago

The current unrest in Kashmir valley is the continued version of 2010 unrest. The situation
in this part of India is always at a peak which can be bursted at any point of time. Kashmir is
a sensitive issue for both India and Pakistan Its a nuclear clash point. earlier separatist
leaders had many say in movement but now youth has taken upon themselves. The reasons
are;
1. The central govt wanted to establish a pandit colony and sainik colony in valley for
political reasons of not been able a garnish votes in valley.
2. Due to rss spreadness in country and their influence in bjp led states people of valley want
to eliminate chances of their establishment in valley.
3. Always blaming Kashmiris for pundits migration from valley.
4. Govt lackness to provide infrastructure and reforms in development.
5. Unemployment among youths.
6. There are more than 70000 missing peoples for which govts neither centre nor state had
taken any solid step.

7. Govt totally favouring army's action and are keep deaf ears to their atrocities.
8. Not entertaining rape and murder charges against forces.
9. Draconian AFSPA.
The growing mind set of people to alienate themselves from home country will mark a
dangerous outcome. Kashmir is a paradise tourist destination nd rich handicraft world
renowned area. The rich resources of uranium in Leh Ladakh also amount significances.
India needs to check the wrong going in valley nd punish the culprits this way they can win
confidence of peoples they need to look serious about kashmir. Bring developments and
improve employment sector. Help build a strong tourist destination it need to occupy
peoples with harmony and integrity.
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A-KSHAR ishtiaq 9 days ago

welcome .......................... ishtiaq ............... try to avoid political angle.................. try

to avoid writing names of any rss / bjp/ congress any political group........... we have
to neutral as an administrator .... so our should be reflect that neutrality in our
answers ....
point 4 . 5 6. is .......... valid .
use polite languauge not attack directly on govt .............. intro and conclusion are
very nicely written.......

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ishtiaq A-KSHAR 9 days ago

Thankx sir... actually this is my second answer on insight . I will remember

ur precious suggestions sir again thanku

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Dr.Baldev Chavda A-KSHAR 9 days ago

you are Absolutely right bro

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Smeagol 9 days ago

Since the time of the signing of the "Instrument of accession" by Maharaja Hari Singh of
Kashmir with the Government of India , the place has been marred by continuous conflicts
between the govt. and the people of Kashmir who are demanding a stand-alone territory
which they can righteously call their homeland. Kashmir is even constitutionally highlighted
for having a separate constitution with its own set of privileges.
The problem seems more internal because of the grievances faced by the home-crowd,
rather than an external one being posed by Pakistan and other outsiders. Disallowing global
watch-keepers like Amnesty International and the UNHRC from inquiring into the the
Kashmir issue is something worth condemnation on the Indian part. This provides the
separatist leaders with the right time to plant the saplings of conflicts amongst the repressed
youth as well as rest of the oppressed mass.
Draconian laws like AFSPA, Kashmirs public safety act, misuse of section 144 of the CrPC,
haphazard use of pellet guns, suppression of masses during peaceful protests
seem to be directing towards a revolt in making. it would be in the larger interest to make
the civilians a part of building a peaceful Kashmir in the long run.
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VRS 9 days ago

Continued unrest in the Kashmir valley has become the norm since a terrorist called Burhan
Wani was killed by the Indian security forces. The methods of protest are largely non-violent

like stone-pelting on police, burning public property like schools, etc. The current situation
is a result of both indigenous and outside forces.
Indigenous factors:
1. Subjective feeling of deprivation: Some Kashmir people do not consider themselves
Indians and there is a feeling of being occupied by India.
2. General issues: Poverty and unemployment, lack of basic facilities like water and
electricity, etc.
3. No channel for peaceful demonstration: AFSPA and Section 144 of CrPc do not let any
peaceful demonstration happen. Only violence takes place.
4. Separatists: Separatists encourage unrest.
Outside factors:
1. Pakistan sponsored terrorism: Cross border infiltration is accompanied with fake
currency and other supplies needed for creating unrest in the valley.
2. Pakistan's stubborn attitude on Kashmir: There have been several opportunities in the
past where the LoC could have been declared the international border and Kashmir issue
could have been resolved. However, Pakistani clergy and Pakistani military is never on
board for such a settlement as they have vested interests in the dispute.
When the valley is burning, a clampdown is essential. Nothing justifies burning of schools,
stone pelting and other forms of violence.
A lot has been achieved in the last few decades. The Kashmiri terrorists' numbers have
dwindled The turnout during elections has increased. There is better public service delivery
and governance.
Efforts should be made for resolution of Kashmir dispute to take care of outside factors
while economic and social development will integrate the Kashmir valley with the rest of
India. Avenues for peaceful protest and demonstration should be available to the kashmiri
youth. Stronger action should be taken on separatists.

5) The recent judgement by the

Supreme Court making singing of
national anthem compulsory before
screening of movies across cinema

halls shows contempt for Fundamental

Rights and gives primacy to
Fundamental Duties and Directive
Principles over Fundamental Rights.
Critically comment.

Aravind Varier 13 hours ago

The Supreme court order to make it mandatory of playing the National anthem in cinema
halls before screening of the movie and the pursuing people to stand up as a mark of respect
can be considered as a contempt for Fundamental rights and primacy to Fundamental
Duties ans Directive principles due to the following reasons :
1) It is right to personal liberty of a person to decide what to hear or what to see in a cinema
hall owned by a private entity when no harm is caused to the public .
2) The Judicial pronouncement of playing National anthem is subverting the Legislative
process ,which has the actual authority to legislate on the subject and can be considered as
curbing of right to speech of the citizens that should have been expressed through their
elected legislators .
Although ,it can be cited as giving primacy to fundamental duties over the fundamental
rights but standing up for National anthem and respecting our motherland is in no way
infringing our rights.We should consider this a moment to cherish the beauty and the
serenity of our proud Nation rather than taking this move in the negative context as an
infringement of the rights.
The move though with a good intent must have been done through the legislative channels
for better discussion on the subject and trying to build a consensus among all the
stakeholders involving the government and the civil society groups .
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kirti Aravind Varier 8 hours ago

The point about supreme court taking role of legislature is extreme.whether or not
the proclamation of SC is an act of "judicial overreach" is a different thing.The
question here is about interpretation of constitution which is totally within ambit of
judiciary

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Aravind Varier kirti 8 hours ago

In my opinion, the difference between "Judicial overreach " and " Judiciary
taking the role of Legislature "
Judicial overreach = Supreme court entertaining the PIL and directing the
parliament to enact a law on National anthem
Judiciary taking the role of Legislature = Supreme court directly passing an
order in asking the Cinema Hall to play the National anthem :)

Playing National anthem is NOT an important issue to decided immediately

by the Supreme court :)
Then what you call Supreme courts action as ? I found it to betaking the role
of the legislature :)

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yogi Aravind Varier 9 hours ago

good ans, just one doubt,

2--curbing of right to speech of the citizens---How?

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Aravind Varier yogi 8 hours ago

I have written in the answer " and can be considered as curbing of right to
speech of the citizens that should have been expressed through their elected
legislators "
Here the People mandate the Elected representatives to legislate on
different ISSUES :)
So,people air their opinion to the legislators AND they act according to the
free opinion of the people ,whom they represent :)
Now,If Supreme court take up the Role of Legislation ,then it curbing the
right of Legislators to Legislate thereby denying the right of the people to
express their opinion on the Subject :)
example : If Parliament passes a law asking everyone to stand up in the
cinema hall ,then we can freely express our views AND even criticize the
action of the Parliament BUT if the Supreme court passes an order ,then
people who are conducting protest rally against the order would be booked
under the section "Contempt to court "
I hope you got my point :) Little bit of thinking on the Subject would help
you to understand the IDEA in a better way :)

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simplesum Aravind Varier 9 hours ago

Very well written. Please review my answers too. thanks :)

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DO it NOW Aravind Varier 10 hours ago

Good answer...
Add articles to make it attractive

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Dawn Aravind Varier 12 hours ago

Well framed answer :) you could have cited the articles otherwise it looks complete
Could you please review mine

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sai Aravind Varier 6 hours ago

The point curbing the freedom of speech expressed through their elected
representatives is nice and analysed the answer very neatly

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BoomShiva (Target'17) 20 hours ago

Please review. Thanks.

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diabolic returns ! BoomShiva (Target'17) 15 hours ago

hi , first of all this is not a case of judicial overreach or judicial adventurism since
judiciary is not legislating or executing in true sense , its just interpreting the
constitution , though i am validating your first point regarding judicial overreach in
some narrow sense but now a days if you see broader perspective everything
judiciary do other than solving criminal or civil problems is misconstrue as judicial
adventurism/overreach and what not..
yes primacy to fundamental rights but dpsp AND fundamental duties have not
been left behind as adopted children , major govt have been tested using DPSP as a
litmus paper and proper laws have been placed for fundamental duties ..like
prevention of insult to national honour act etc..
see to be very fair with you , answer is alright but this is not a subtle reply to this
question . you have to critically comment , where you need to follow a stand of your
opinion..
i think you are saying (please correct me if am wrong ) that SC has done something
wrong(by overreaching its sphere) but its not that wrong (since its not violating
fundamental rights).
please let me know if i am interpreting it right , we can further discuss this
answer...
my points if in case you want to add up :
1.sc has done good for public at large by giving life to one of the fundamental
duties.
2. it involves minorities issues if broader perspective of FR is taken like art 21 and

right to minorities etc, but as such its not harming anyone.

3. but making it mandatory is like blatant display of patriotism which is sign of
immature democracy.
4.playing before every movie is like making it everyday affair and killing
importance attached to national anthem.
5. if crowd/congregation is what supreme for looking for then why not legislature ,
courts where people go for some serious business and why movie halls where
people go for fun and why not funerals ..lol ..
patriotism is a value or feeling which has to be internalised but this is not the right
way .
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simplesum diabolic returns ! 9 hours ago

It is not the issue of judicial overreach. Rest very well written. Please review
my answer. thanks

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diabolic returns ! simplesum 9 hours ago

Did I mention it anywhere ?

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BoomShiva (Target'17) diabolic returns ! 15 hours ago

Firstly many thanks for such a detailed analysis. Most encouraging response
till now. Since I am completely basing my preparation on self study, such
detailed insights are valuable to me.
I would definitely take points 1 and 5.
2. I dont see this as minority issue.
3. blatant display of patriotism is not antithetical to democracy
4. playing before movie in my opininon doesnot kill the importance
5. I would extend that argument to provide for a rational nexus to decide the
instances where anthem can be played.
In my defense to the critical aspect of the question, my stance is that this
move was not required (not that is was bad). I have substantiated that by
drawing a parallel to vishakha's case.
I have also caveated primacy of FR by referring to harmonious construction.
Hari Om.

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diabolic returns ! BoomShiva (Target'17) 15 hours ago

ha ha ! its alright dear, i dont review much but when i do then its like
a serious business for me .. i just dont comment VERY WELL
WRITTEN because according to me nothing is perfect and very
frankly we write in a different fashion in mains totally opposite to
what we are writing here because of various factors involved like
time , writing skills , type of board we get to write on , mood etc ,
frankly you have sound vocab.. but lets be more real and practical ,
try and write as plain as you can .. trust me it would fetch you good
marks and in the end LBSANNA .. LOL are you writing every day
here ?

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BoomShiva (Target'17) diabolic returns ! 15 hours ago

Thanks. Regular writing, I intended to start today, but I have

a feeling that it might eat up more time than required. So
might not be as regular i suppose.
I agree with the lived reality comment. However I try to write
my responses in 8 minutes, on paper and preferably do this as
first thing in the morning.
Thanks for pointing out the plain writing part. I will keep that
in mind. Externalities of being a lawyer.
You are doing an amazing job. KWAR.
Hari Om.

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diabolic returns ! BoomShiva (Target'17) 14 hours ago

Ping me whenever you write anything ..

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diabolic returns ! BoomShiva (Target'17) 15 hours ago

sure thing ..

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Dawn BoomShiva (Target'17) 16 hours ago

Nice answer brother... KWAR :)

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Pankaj Kumar Jain BoomShiva (Target'17) 16 hours ago

Please read judgement again.

It is not about singing SC talked about playing the national anthem before Feature
film.and citizens must stand up to show their respect to National anthem.
otherwise answer is OK

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BoomShiva (Target'17) Pankaj Kumar Jain 16 hours ago

I stand corrected. Haste spares none. Not even Gods.

Thanks and KWAR Pankaj.
Hari Om.

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sris BoomShiva (Target'17) 16 hours ago

very well framed answer..clearly expressed

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BoomShiva (Target'17) sris 16 hours ago

Thanks sris. Very Encouraging. KWAR.

Hari Om.

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Inspector Kay BoomShiva (Target'17) 18 hours ago

Very well written.

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BoomShiva (Target'17) Inspector Kay 16 hours ago

Thanks Inspector Kay. Very encouraging. Keep writing.

Hari Om.

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TANVI GAUTAM Inspector Kay 17 hours ago

nice

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BoomShiva (Target'17) TANVI GAUTAM 16 hours ago

Assuming that I was the intended addressee: Thanks Tanvi. Very

Encouraging.
Hari Om.

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Dawn 18 hours ago

Article 51A do say that it is the fundamental duty of the citizen to respect the national
anthem, but the recent Supreme Court order to mandatorily play the national anthem in
cinema halls before each screening do raise questions about the violation of the citizens
fundamental rights.
It does violate the fundamental rights becauseEven though Article 19(2) grants for reasonable restriction of rights to protect the
sovereignty and integrity of nation, this power is granted to the state and not the courts.
People going to cinema halls to relax and enjoy the movie are forced upon to stand up for
the national anthem violating the right to freedom.
The order is only for cinema halls when there are many other places of public gatherings
thus infringing the right to equality.
Even though it can be argued that it requires the person to stand up and not necessarily sing
the anthem it fails to serve its purpose. The feeling of patriotism comes from within and
enforcing the national anthem to bring out that feeling is illogical. Singing the national
anthem should be kept for special purpose on special occasions to retain its esteem and
dignity.
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diabolic returns ! Dawn 15 hours ago

very nice ! you have followed your stand very well and totally agreed thats indeed a
blatant show of patriotism , conclusion is good ... over all a good answer. dawn i
understand that in comment you have to make a stand and then follow it but you
could have added some spice to to answer by mentioning thats honourable SC has
done it for a larger public good but draining it of importance attached to it
(national anthem )...keep writing

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Dawn diabolic returns ! 15 hours ago

Thank you diabolic for your insightful review.

I agree that I should have put some light on the objective of the order. :)

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diabolic returns ! Dawn 14 hours ago

Ping me whenever you write anything

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BoomShiva (Target'17) Dawn 17 hours ago

51A* Write more law. Structure is very good.

Hari Om.

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Dawn BoomShiva (Target'17) 16 hours ago

Thank you brother :)

I corrected it.

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Ivy 11 hours ago

Please review :)
The recent judgment by the Supreme Court to play the national anthem in cinema halls
compulsorily before movie screening, places fundamental duties and DPSPs above the
fundamental rights in the following way:
Infringes the personal liberty of citizens: Patriotism is a private feeling. Though its our
fundamental duty to respect the national symbols and the national anthem, such
orders/directives cannot be forced upon the citizens to instill patriotism, as they may lead to
contrary responses.
Judicial overreach: It is the duty of parliament to frame laws and provide for their
implementation. Supreme courts order to play the national anthem compulsorily is an
instance of judicial overreach.
Encourages moral policing: Radical groups may resort to violent means to force citizens to
follow this order. They may resort to violence which may further lead to indecorous
incidents in the movie halls. Thus it threatens the integrity of citizens including children,
senior citizens and differently abled people.

 Legitimacy: Movie halls are meant for public recreation. The order/directive could serve a
better purpose when played at places of serious business like educational institutes, courts,
public rallies etc.
National anthem and national symbols instill in people a feeling of harmony and belonging
towards their motherland. But patriotism is a result of one's conscience and can't be forced
upon citizens.
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Shalu Ivy 10 hours ago

Good answer, butare we not supposed to critically comment ?

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Lokendra Singh Chouhan 19 hours ago

#Review Please
The recent judgment of supreme court making national anthem compulsory before
screening of movie across cinema hall has seen in conflict with fundamental rights when it is
giving effect to Fundamental duty of citizen respecting national honor.
* Judgment is in line to fundamental duties and directive principle of state policy stated in
Indian constitution but it is violating freedom of right to choice also.
* Judgment is given to increase the sense of unity, integrity and patriotism but it is argued
that patriotism is inner feeling it can not be imposed.
* Constitution gives preference to Fundamental rights in making laws and by article 13 it
make a law invalid if it is in inconsistence with fundamental rights but simultaneously in
article 31C gives scope for certain laws giving effect to directive principle of state policy even
when they are inconsistent with Fundamental rights.
* Decision is given by supreme court under Prevention of Insults to National Honor Act,
1971, in response to prevent frequent deliberate insults of national emblems.
Judgment of supreme court is also seen as 'judicial overreach'. However Judgment is legally
valid through the perspective of Constitution and Law but basic arguments of judgment do
not seems strong.
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BoomShiva (Target'17) Lokendra Singh Chouhan 19 hours ago

You could mention specifically about freedom of expression of the filmmaker since
i dont think its violative of viewer's right.
You could quote Specific Article i.e. 51A from the Constitution.

Overall its has good content though i think structurally it could have been better.
Hari Om.

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Lokendra Singh Chouhan BoomShiva (Target'17) 8 hours ago

I got one more point.

PIL has created the rights with out remedies and remedies with out rights. It
has given many unnamed rights without any chance of enforceability and its
converse, grant of relief like state compensation as largesse without fixing
responsibility.
In this case Right to choice not an actual right but judiciary is giving just
name to anything and declaring it a right.

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BoomShiva (Target'17) BoomShiva (Target'17) 19 hours ago

Please review mine.

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Divya Tejitha 14 hours ago

Supreme court ordered cinema halls to mandatorily play the nation anthem before every
screening all over the country and that those present in these halls are obliged to stand up to
show respect.
Respecting national symbols like national anthem, national flag is one of the fundamental
duty of every indian citizens which is mentioned in part IV A of Indian Constitution.
Patriotism or Nationalism cannot be enforced by rules it should be inculcated through
automatic process.
Rabindranath Tagore author of the national anthem fiercely voiced against bondage of
nationalism and patriotism to triumph over humanity. Example: Hitler
Its the same Supreme Court which has often protected and upheld the rights and liberties of
the citizens is now
restricting liberty and freedom of expression in the name of directives on national anthem.
This is an instance of judicial overreach.
From 1979, the judiciary led by Supreme court in India became relevant to the nation in a
manner not

contemplated by the maker of the constitution became an active participant in the dispenser
of social revolution.
The intention of founding fathers of constitution was to respect the nation and its symbols
would not be enforced by state or extracted through legal compulsion.
Indian constitution speaks of respect to national anthem as a fundamental duty in part IV A
- a non- justiciable
part of document which cannot be overreached by fundamental rights which is justiciable
part. Article 19(1)a and article 21 talks about libertyand freedom of expression respectively
of Fundamental rights.
CONCLUSION
Public Interest Litigation(PIL) is a good thing when it is used to enforce the rights of the
public interest than of individual interest.
With PIL, the post Emergency Supreme Court is very rarely a court for judicial review and
far more often the court of judicial populism.
Fundamental duties and directive principles cannot be overreached by Fundamental rights.
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Twinkle 4 hours ago

The rcent rulling of the SC making it complusory for Theaters to play national anthem
before a movie starts have taken us to ponder as to
whether the court has given supremacy to fundamental duties and DPSP.
Paying respect to national symbol and emblem including National anthem is given under
the Art 51A of the Constitution which is not enforceable and acts a mere guiding force.

Fundamental right have been time and again reiterated that Fundamental rights are
preferred over DPSP ( Champakam Durainrajan, Shankri Prasad, Keshavanand Bharti )
Right to Sing national anthem includes right to remain silent - Held in Bijoe Emmanuel v.
State of Kerala- The Court rightly pointed out that not singing national anthem doest not
mean disrespect shown to national anthem.
Though, the step of supreme court is a move in the right direction in inculcating the feeling
of nationalism. however, as the protector the rights it must be open to liberal interpretation
and leave room where chances of misuse may be reduced. No provision of law obliged
anyone to sing national anthem, our tradition teaches tolerance, our philosophy preaches us
tolerance, our constitution preaches use tolerance, lets not dilute- Othappa Reddy
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simplesum 9 hours ago

The constitution has bestowed upon the Supreme Court the responsibility to protect the
rights of the citizen. The recent order of the court however cannot be justified as it infringes
the right to freedom guaranteed under Article 19. It is also an
instance of judicial overreach as such an order should be passed by the legislature with
proper deliberation.
The fundamental duties were added by the 42nd amendment. Its absence in the original
constitution however does not means that citizens of India did not had any duty towards the
nation. The fundamental duties were implied in the original constitution which the 42nd
amendment made explicit. Hence while citizens have rights they also do have
responsibilities towards the nation.

The rights enshrined in our constitution are in line with the ideals and aspirations set
forward in the preamble. They are guaranteed to every citizens so as to uphold collective
interest. The precedence of Directive principles or Fundamental duties over the rights
however paint fundamental rights as shallow and incapable of upholding collective interest
which is actually false. The fundamental rights, when protected and upholded in true letter
and spirit, are itself capable of generating massive respect and admiration towards the
nation. It is time to acknowledge this implicit function of fundamental rights.
Please review guys. thanks
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diabolic returns ! simplesum 8 hours ago

with all due respect i would like to know how in this world asking something
patriotic is infringing the right to freedom ? morning prayers we do at home or we
have done back in school have taken our freedom rights ? so you have started with
wrong base first of all , it gonna shape your desired infrastructure in different
direction.
okay ! to be brutally honest with you i did not get your answer at all ! dont get
offended , i appreciate your efforts taken but you have been misguided before
writing .. read the question again .. you have ruined second paragraph writing
details about duties and how it got enacted ..
okay let me re-quote the question for you .....The recent judgement by the
Supreme Court making singing of national anthem compulsory before screening of
movies across cinema halls shows contempt for Fundamental Rights and gives
primacy to Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles over Fundamental
Rights. Critically comment.

shows the contempt of fundamental rights ? and i can make out from your first
paragraph that you agree to it .. accepted ...
second paragraph:- all about how fundamental duties came into existence ...and
implicit and explicit things about FR.
third paragraph which i believe you have summed up ...you actually saying that FR
are good for society at large ...and they are enough to generate massive respect and
admiration ....
okay my analysis says that you have screwed the answer big time .. trust me .. were
you rushing for saturday night event ? lol...there is no coherent approach .. nothing
related to question which simply asked did SC do any wrong to FR by putting them
down in front of FD and dPSP by asking people to be the part of national anthem
before movies ?? very simple .. and you just scribbled something else ..i would like
you to please re run it and please give some facts relevant to question like what FR
have got breached in case it it is , please mention the article .... hey lets write it once
again .. enjoy ..

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simplesum diabolic returns ! 8 hours ago

Thanks for the review. I see my mistake. Will rewrite it. Keep reviewing.

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diabolic returns ! simplesum 8 hours ago

all the very best

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DO it NOW 10 hours ago

Recently supreme court has made playing national anthem compulsory before screening in
cinemas on the basis of Fundamental duties under article 51A.
It is aimed at promoting the feelings of patriotism but it also is a contempt to the
fundamental rights of the citizens. It raises the question of conflict between fundamental
rights and duties and dpsp.
It is duty of state to promote patriotism but it should not be done through specific platforms
such as movies screening.
As per Art 19 freedom of expression should not be curtailed neither the freedom of religion
and conscience (art 25) should be abrogated.
In Emmanuel case 1986 when two school children were removed from school for not
singing national anthem which their religion prohibits, supreme court had held that it
doesn't cause derogation to national anthem and the constitution. In modern liberal world

both rights and duties are equally important. So there should be harmony among the duties
and fundamental rights.
Patriotism should come from Hume being itself it cannot be imposed however the insult to
constitutional values can not be avoided.
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Ravi Ankur 12 hours ago

A liberal answer;)

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Rider Aspirants 14 hours ago

As a guardian of constitution, supreme court made the verdict behalf of the people of India,
not only for their enthusiasm about nation first but also the need of time to show patriotic
feeling through their actions. We, as a part of Indian territory, habitual to be stand in que
either for Jio sim or exchange amount of money, but this clause can't justify what judgement
passed by apex court 'to stand for respect of country'. most significant part of the judgement
is not good or bad impact on part of life, in which we usually want to go for entertainment
not for show the patriotic feeling, but it's question over validity of fundamental right, and
alarming, we need to consider on our direction, are we taking right meaning of fundamental
right and is there any harm to force fundamental duties over the public of India.
Theatre and showing movies on the screen has been a great source of inspiration to wake
patriotic feeling about nation from independence, Government always take chance of
priority to share view through big screen, so making great impact over daily life can easily
transfer attention of apex court to monitor and check patriot feeling through this judgment.
Stand for country in respect of national anthem is not like to stand like a soldier with
weapon in front of enemies but is it the way to justify judgement of apex court, one thing
sure one who is traitor must be stand for such a formalities but one who has patriotic feeling
but not able to stand would be try to escape it and he would must be face traitor feeling .
We have ocean of opportunity to show patriotic feeling like open handed with poor, slogan
against evil or debate over crippled society but Why should only this?
However, we all are sure, to watch movie doesn't part of daily life but part of life so changing
in such a attitude can not generate big change but it will generate great issue which
concerned our incredible nation. It will give immense pleasure to share such a perfumed

feeling about nation, one way or another it will aspire the people think about nation which
are Duly avoided now days, in the race of proffesion.
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Tesseract Rider Aspirants 14 hours ago

Your answer is fluidic. But, do you think it justifies the demand of question which
is to identify how FRs get trampled with this order?

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Rider Aspirants Tesseract 14 hours ago

Thanks for your observations, I am just giving waitege to demand of

question and trying to see other side of coin. ..
Make me clear, implementation of fundamental duties, forcely, is not
trampling fundamental right

Can you suggest me some more points

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Tesseract Tesseract 14 hours ago

Kindly review mine

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Tesseract 14 hours ago

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yogi 14 hours ago

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Aspirant 15 hours ago

Recently, the Supreme Court has passed a judgment making it compulsory for the cinema
halls to play the national anthem before the exhibition of a film.
POSITIVES:
-It will instill a sense of committed patriotism and nationalism in citizens
-It will make people realize the that the national anthem is a symbol of CONSTITUTIONAL
PATRIOTISM and inherent national quality
-Continuation of old practice as cinemas were required to play national anthem few years
ago as well
-Shows love and respect for motherland
-In accordance with Article 51A of the Constitution (Fundamental Duties)
-If it is played at end ->possibility of people leaving
NEGATIVES:
-Patriotism is a value that most people cherish instead of demonstrating it
-Already a law is in place to prohibit misuse of anthem or wilful insult to it (Prevention of
Insult to National Honour Act, 1971)
-India being a mature democracy, there is no need to make singing of anthem compulsory
through judicial diktat
-Who will enforce this order and what will be the punishment -> not clear
-Using potent symbols of nationalism and patriotism in mundane circumstances could
undermine their effectiveness in inspiring people
-Gives primacy to Fundamental Duties over Fundamental Rights (Right to Freedom- Article
19)
-Singing of national anthem on special occasions is sufficient to help citizens identify with it

Patriotism is a value that cannot be enforced by diktat. It should come from within oneself.
Standing for national anthem is not an issue but making cinemas the playground for a
misplaced sense of patriotism is.
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atul 15 hours ago

guys ihave lots of mistake ...bcs i will first wrriten article so pls review it
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PIKU 16 hours ago

National anthem is the symbol of constitutional patriotism . From schooldays valuing

national anthem is inculcated and to respect national symbols. The recent SC judgement
making it compulsory to sing in cinema halls is considered to be a case of 'judicial overreach'
or coercive nationalism.
*Respecting national anthem is the fundamental duty as per art 51(A) . It is the duty of every
citizen of india. Howewer its not enforceable just like DPSP.
*In case of "Immanuel vs state" in 1986 SC upheld that rosing when national anthem is sung
is valid and not considered disrespecting the national anthem . But the recent SC order
compels one to sing.
*Under Art 142 the ordains ,decrees of SC are enforceable. Fundamental reason SC gave to
issue judgment is less patriotism / less nationalistic .However the phrase used by SC is not
justified. As the citizens are ready to defend their country when nation in crisis which is
been proved in previous instances.
*Ones fundamental right freedom to choose whether or not to sing will be breached . And
'tolerance' a basic entity will not be sustained.
In the spirit of constitution and nationalism our founding fathers of constitution didn't seem
to have the necessity for such action since they thought respecting national symbol is an
implied matter.
please review.
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Arushi 16 hours ago

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BoomShiva (Target'17) Arushi 16 hours ago

Bill of Rights might not look well.

Handwriting (though better than mine) can be worked upon.
You may underline keywords.
Ending with a question will do more harm than good unless the examiner
genuinely intends to answer it.
Overall good answer.
Hari Om.

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Arushi BoomShiva (Target'17) 16 hours ago

Okay.... Thanks a lot. I will do this next time. No more ending with
questions.

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diabolic returns ! Arushi 15 hours ago

cant read properly!

hope i am not offending you..

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Arushi diabolic returns ! 8 hours ago

no no you are not. that is why I am writing whenever I get the time to ! I will
work on my hand writing ( better to correct now than to make mistakes in

the exam)
Suggestions are always welcome :-)

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diabolic returns ! Arushi 8 hours ago

i appreciate that arushi ..

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A-KSHAR Arushi 15 hours ago

hiiiiiiii arushi .......... please take my words as a constructive criticism .......

1. try to write as much as can to improve ur writing .. it should be legible ... and take
less time to read it

2. try to write in a point form ....... so we can review ur answers ... because as an
aspirants we dont have alot of time to review
just go through the ansersheet of gaurav agrawal sir nad ananya man sheet on
downlod section of visionias

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Arushi A-KSHAR 8 hours ago

oh .. sure ! thanks a lot for the advice, I will definitely have a look at their
answer sheets... I will incorporate your advice in my answers tomorrow
( probably)

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varsha singh 17 hours ago

It is clearly written down in article 51A(a) of our constitution that it shall be the duty of
every citizen of India to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the
national Flag and the National Anthem.
The Supreme Courts amendment that the national anthem should be played in all cinema
halls and that everyone should stand up to show respect to it is argued by many. In the first
place, the court should not have preoccupied itself with a matter like the singing of the
anthem and laid down rules about the conduct of people. It went beyond its jurisdiction and
powers in issuing the directive, and the order will be seen as an ill-considered example of
judicial legislation. The courts should only interpret laws and not make them. It is also not
its job to prescribe ways to instill patriotism and nationalism. The relationship that it
makes out between the national anthem and nationalism is also wrong.
National symbols like the anthem and the flag derive their power and potency from the
citizens spontaneous relationship with them. To coerce the people into honouring them is
being authoritarian and undemocratic.The Constitution says respect for the national flag is
a fundamental duty, but it is not justiciable. That means it cannot be legally enforced. The
court seems to have ignored not only this but also an earlier judgment which clearly said
that there is no provision in law which obliges anyone to sing the national anthem
The court said that the dismissal was a violation of the fundamental right to freedom of
conscience and religion. It is surprising that the court, which has affirmed and expanded the
fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, has tried to curb them with this ruling.
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diabolic returns ! varsha singh 15 hours ago

okay last detailed review of the day !!!

1.see the directive is comment ! yeah , so you got to follow one opinion of yours
which is judicial over reach in your case ...you could have written well if you would

have followed pointers style , you have wasted both words and time in your first
paragraph which means judicial over reach.
dont forget your examiner would be a very highly qualified teacher so no try not to
story him/her....
2.(((The relationship that it makes out between the national anthem and
nationalism is also wrong. ))) i dont quite get this , if you could please enlighten me
on this ..
3.fundamental duties are not justiciable so you cannot move courts for their
violation but they can be given more legislation by providing teeth to them and by
enacting proper laws for their execution like we have prevention of insults to
national honour act.
so try and write a structured answer , i would suggest you to please understand the
meaning of directive and try learning how to do constructive criticism , you just
cant brutally roast honourable supreme court by criticizing this democratic
institution..
your intentions are write and i can understand them but you have to get them
structured and please practice how to use write word and terms like patriotism in
place of nationalism ...etc
anyways everything will fall in place once you will start writing hard core .. keep the
good work up and keep practicing.

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varsha singh diabolic returns ! 14 hours ago

first of all thanks for such a detailed review of answer. hats off to your work
u r giving your precious time in reviewing others answer. next time i will try

to write in points and well structured answer and form constructive

criticism of the answer
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diabolic returns ! varsha singh 14 hours ago

Ping me whenever you write anything

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varsha singh diabolic returns ! 14 hours ago

please review question no 3 i have written

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diabolic returns ! varsha singh 13 hours ago

i cant see since your account is private ! if you could please

ease off your privacy and let me peep in .. i cant even follow
you ..

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varsha singh diabolic returns ! 13 hours ago

ok

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BoomShiva (Target'17) varsha singh 17 hours ago

Its 51A (a).

Hari Om.

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varsha singh BoomShiva (Target'17) 17 hours ago

thanks corrected it. also tell what i have written is good or what else can be
added in it.

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BoomShiva (Target'17) varsha singh 16 hours ago

Arguments and form are good. Factually and legally i donot believe it
is coercion to sing the anthem and thereby infringement of FR. Its
more of an infringement of the film producer's right by the State on
the lines of Express newspapers case. But you have a right to
opinion.
Hari Om.

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Arushi BoomShiva (Target'17) 16 hours ago

Hey will u please review mine too?

http://disq.us/p/1

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BoomShiva (Target'17) Arushi 16 hours ago

Tathastu. Prasad chadha dena.

Hari Om.

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Arushi BoomShiva (Target'17) 16 hours ago

Thanks for the review... Abhi jaa rahi Prasad chadaane.

4) Do you think India is doing itself a

favour by abandoning strategic
restraint in favour of strategic

proactivism vis-a-vis Pakistan?

Critically comment.

In wake of the recent Uri attacks, India had retaliated through surgical strikes which
destroyed terror hotbeds across the LoC. This evoked reaction from many parties that India
should abandon its policy of strategic restraint and move towards strategic proactivism.
Advantages of adopting strategic proactivism
(i) It sends a strong signal that India does not tolerate terrorism.
(ii) Terrorist camps and infra can directly be destroyed instead of reacting after they have
already attacked us.
(iii) It may deter terrorist activities if strongly carried out.
Disadvantages of adopting strategic proactivism
(i) It may lead to further escalations which will lead to large collateral damage on both sides,
since both are nuclear powered.
(ii) It is due to India's strategic restraint that Pakistan has kept its weapons in deterrent
state. Abandoning the policy may change this.
(iii) It will further worsen the situation in Kashmir as anti-social forces will get further
reasons to mobilise the youth there.
(iv) India's image on the global arena as a responsible nation may get affected and our name
may start being mentioned in the same breath as Pakistan increasingly.
(v) The little progress that we may have made on economic and diplomatic fronts will be
erased.
(vi) Changing to strategic proactive policy will entail a paradigm shift. Working out its
particulars like when to launch an attack will take time.
Inspite of its advantages, the disadvantages of switching policies are too large to ignore.
Moreover, the recent surgical strike constituted strategic restraint because Indian army took
care not to attack Pakistani military establishments. Thus measures like isolating Pakistan
on the international arena, building laser fences, better border surveillance needs to be
carried out for safety.
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Rashiv AETIUS 18 hours ago

1. Try maintaining a flow rather than an isolated sub heading format.

2. Mention 'hard state' in your first point of advantages
3. Not quite sure of the fourth point of disadvantages as it seems a bit extreme

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AETIUS Rashiv 17 hours ago

Your points are duly noted my friend!

ATB :)

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abhi AETIUS 13 hours ago

Points were written in a concise and beautiful manner. All these appear to have
been thought on your own, since none of this is from the article!! Have you referred
any other sources for the same?

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AETIUS abhi 13 hours ago

Thank you brother.. I have picked up these points while reading articles and
attempting secure since the past month :)

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abhi AETIUS 12 hours ago

nice to hear that :) Do you maintain notes consolidated for each

topic?

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AETIUS abhi 7 hours ago

Yes brother only on selected topics.. only on major ones.. I

don't make notes on topics which we can write ourself

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Aravind Varier 11 hours ago

The recent change in India's position of changing from strategic restraint to strategic
proactivism with respect to Pakistan as seen in the form of Surgical strikes on the terrorist
launch pads across the Line of Control can be seen as a favour for India's overall foreign
policy with Pakistan due to the following reasons :
It would clearly send a message to the Pakistan establishment that ,encouraging terrorists
outfits operating from their soil against India would be retaliated with force .In addition ,it
would also helps in showing the lethal forces in the country that can take on any risk
missions with precision and accuracy .
Through it raises India's stature as a strong power who cannot be proved at will but on the
other hand it also leaves wide open of the possibility of the escalation of violence across the
International border and LoC ( Line of Control ) as noticeable from the frequent ceasefire
violations making the life miserable for people living across the border . This can also lead to
further escalation of violence in the Kashmir valley and in the worst case there are also
threats from Pakistan with use of Nuclear Weapons which can destabilize the peace of the
entire south Asia.
Using force can make one feel to have attained an upper hand in the conflict but a long term
peace and stability can be attained by initiating dialogue process .
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Simran Bains. Aravind Varier 11 hours ago

Hi Aravind,
Nicely crafted answer!
-One suggestion, try and write shorter sentences. The introductory paragraph of
your answer contains just one single line.
- Grammar nazi in me says *the* shouldn't come before Pakistan.
-And in the conclusion you've mentioned about dialogue process. Will that be the
right thing to do right now? I mean India has made itself clear that it will be
isolating Pakistan on all possible grounds. In that picture, where does dialogue
process fit in?
That's all.
All the best.

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Aravind Varier Simran Bains. 9 hours ago

I forgot to place the alphabet " i " after Pakistan to make it "Pakistani "
.Thanks for pointing out .I am NOT proofreading my answers these days
due to paucity of time :) That's the reason for these type of errors to creep
into my answers :)
Dear Simran Bains. & Ujwal Mokashi What you expect me to write
other than the Dialogue process ?
I have written the conclusion as a WAY FORWARD and i Don't believe
offensiveness will solve the problem but would actually escalate it further :)

Though ,I prefer to pursue covert means to destabilize Pakistan BUT I won't

write that in the answers because we civil service aspirants are expected to
be DIPLOMATIC in our view points :)
ALL THE BEST MY DEAR FRIENDS :)

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Ujwal Mokashi Aravind Varier 11 hours ago

dialogue process? Its against the policy, and it has not yielded so far. dialogue
process can only be with civilian govt which is not powerful in pak

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Chiku 19 hours ago

Do you think India is doing itself a favour by abandoning strategic

restraint in favour of strategic proactivism vis-a-vis Pakistan?
Critically comment.
Yes India is doing itself a favour
1. Proactivism is helping INdia to project itself not only as a SOFT POWER but also as a
HARD POWER in Asia.
2. This acts as a deterrant and will eventually reduce terrorist incursions in India financed
by Pakistan.
3. This strategic proactivism is helping India to convey to the world how terrorism iffects
each and every part of the world. It also conveys that India has the capability to deal with
the problem at hand.
No, it is not a good tactic because
1. Over proactivism will lead to TRUST DEFICIT between two countries which will evetually
lead to less bilateral talks. This will benefit only terror organizations and not to India and
Pakistan.
2. Proactivism leads to war like situation everytime which leads to constant relocation of
people living near borders to safe area.
Way Forward:
India should balance its proactivism with pragmatism when it comes to dealing with
pakistan.It should convey the message to the world that it is always ready to solve diputes
with talks and amicably as it has done in case of Bangladesh. However when it comes to
security of Indian citizens, India must be proactive.
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Ironman 6 hours ago

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real goku 9 hours ago

definitely,India is doing itself a favor by abandoning strategic restraint in favour of strategic

pro-activism vis-a-vis Pakistan. decades of strategic restraint policy did not gain any
progress in relations with pakistan rather they have deteriorated more and remains at all
time low. moreover it has encouraged the terrorist and separatists to propagate their
propaganda against India.
Adopting strategic proactivism with proofs, will help unveiling the face of real pakistan on
international platform like UNO, SAARC, BRICS, etc that pakistan sponsors terrorism
agianst India. It will reminding the world community that terrorism hurt everyone equally
and help garner support for branding pakistan as terrorist nation in UNO.
Strategic proactivism should be used carefully because both India and Pakistan are nuclear
powered countries and it may lead to full blown nuclear war ultimately leading to
destruction of both nations. It is quite evident from recent surgical strikes after uri attack
did not gain desired results moreover, there is increase in terrorist infliltrations, more
ceasefire violations with continuous shelling and stalemate in DGMO level talks.
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Dedication 13 hours ago

Uri attack,followed by surgical strike from Indian side and from there on, continuous
exchanges of fire has brought a new downturn between two neighnours with no formal talks
in progress or in row.
Advantages:
1 After every attack on Indian establishment,there was a strong rhetoric from leaders
without any visible action which had lost importance and made us feel very weak about
inaction. Surgical strikes,though not done firts in our history, gives a strong message that
we,no longer ,will tolerate Pak's adventurism.

2 Its a projection that India can resort to hard power and positive for our ambition of being
a net security provider in South Asia.
3 Goodwill enjoyed by idnia due to strategic restraint do not yield concrete results and
emotionally charged people are now demanding strong retaliation.
Apart from loss of lives and property ,other concerns includes:
1 Both countries keep blaming exact other for ceasefire violations and in fog of hostility it is
difficult to find out real culprit.
2 2003 ceasefire that has helped in normalising the border looms to be dead due to frequent
violations
3 LOC fence built at enormous cost may be destroyed by artillery fire from pakistan
4 Civilians life disrupted,their rehabilitaion issue given that more people stay on Indian side
of border.
5 There seems no end to the ongoing chain which is getting stretched
6 Tit for tat action in case of expelling high commissioners -catching world's attention on
kashmir issue
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Chandler Bing 16 hours ago

#copied #DemonitisationAnalysis
In presentation by Anand Rathi Securities group on the challenges and effects of demonetization,
and am summarizing the points below for your benefit:
1. Immediate impact: is expected to be negative all round:
a. In the short term it will be a logistical nightmare to manage the cash replacement in banks and
smooth functioning of the banking system
b. slowdown in consumer spending due to limited cash availability
c. severe liquidity issues in cash based sectors like Real Estate and Jewellery
d. GDP will decline in the next 2 quarters due to reduction in overall spending
2. Over the next 4-5 months:Those having legitimate income will deposit it in banks and apart from
the initial hassles associated with the banking system, they will have nothing to worry about.
However those having unaccounted money will face several problems as follows:
a. Those who choose to do nothing with the money, their notes will expire worthless. Every note is a
liability of the Government (RBI), and thus notes becoming worthless will benefit the Government by
extinguishing its liability.
b. Those who declare their unaccounted money, approx 60- 70% of the money will go to the Govt in
the form of taxes and penalties.
c. There will be a third category who will try to launder their money, but which will entail severe risks
including penalties and prosecution. However, the money sought to be laundered will anyway enter
into circulation and remain therein.
It is expected that even if 50% of the around 14 lakh crores of old notes are legitimate, the remaining
50% or around Rs 7 lakh crores of unaccounted money will see around 60 to 80 % thereof or approx
Rs 5 lakh crores coming to the government in the form of extinguished RBI liability (point a above)
and taxes and penalties. This Rs 5 lakh crores is enough to take care of India's entire fiscal deficit for
one year or more.
3. Overall Economic Impact:

a. GDP growth is expected to be negative for around 6 months. However subsequent 2 years will see
sharp "hockey stick" revival in growth.
b. Inflation is expected to fall sharply with fall in Real Estate prices and transaction costs thereof.
c. Government Deficit will see a huge windfall in the next 2 years.
d. Currency is expected to strengthen as inflation drops and economy gets a boost.
e. Banking System will get a boost, as around Rs 7-8 lakh crores base money (new legal money) will
enter the system, which will further create around 3-4 times more money due to re-circulation.
f. Real Estate and Jewellery sectors, though battered initially will stabilize in the next 6 months.
4. Effect on various Asset classes:
a. Bond prices will rise as interest rates drop.
b. Real Estate is expected to fall by around 20 -25 % and stabilize thereafter.
c. Effect on Gold is a bit uncertain, and may be neutral/ negative. Lower black money will depress
demand, but at the same time Gold is a hedge against uncertainty and those still wanting to park
black money may prefer to put it into Gold instead of cash.
d. Equity is expected to benefit the most due to three reasons. One, there will be a gradual shift from
physical assets (real estate/ Gold) to financial assets. Two, the organised sector (corporates,
expecially listed ones) will benefit due to less cash transactions. Lastly, lower inflation and interest
rates will benefit listed corporates through lower borrowing costs, thereby increasing their profitability
and valuations.
Thus Asset Allocation and re balancing thereof will now play an even more important role, making
proper financial planning imperative.
Lastly, the question may arise as to whether the new Rs 2000 Rupee notes will create more black
money or not. While that is always a possibility, it should be noted that this demonetization would
have created a psychological impact especially on large scale evaders who will definitely think twice
before taking such action
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Comments

Shashank Sharma Thank you sir.

Like Reply 13 November at 21:12

Saumya Singh Kumar Manglam Agarwal

Like Reply 13 November at 21:33

1 Reply

Shashi Deo Nice. Overall, it's a masterstroke

:)

Like Reply 13 November at 21:55

Arun Emmadi Sir, there is an allegation that, In June 2015, because of the so called "Liberalised Remittance
Scheme", most of the crossed the Indian borders with legitimacy (as white) in the name of Investments, Purchase of
properties, gifts, education etc..(since no one will question the SOURCE of money)

CSE Preparation
19 November at 16:00

#Techniqueused #BlacktoWhiteconversion
1. Using farmers. Since agricultural income is not fully taxed, a farmer can easily say he got this
much cash from the mandi by selling his produce before demonetization, and here's the old currency,
now please exchange it for new one. In this way, any farmer could help launder money, from old
currency notes to new ones, for a cut. An investment adviser told Rediff, "The agricultural income in
this country is going to be fabulously high this year, immaterial if the crop is good or poor."
2. Make use of poor people. Black money holders are reportedly finding poor people to deposit Rs
2.5 lakh in cash, since the government has said deposits up to that amount won't be questioned.
Such people will then ask to withdraw the entire amount soon, keep some to themselves and return
most of it. Since this requires trust, black money hoarders are first and foremost using their staff and
their relatives. Overnight, a banknote mafia has emerged. These are people accepting old Rs 500
and 1,000 notes and giving back anywhere from 15% to 80% of the value in Rs 100 notes. The
people collecting old notes will be able to earn a profit by converting them into white, new currency
through poor people, or through other means. Funneling money through poor people whose bank
transactions will not arouse suspicion, is giving way to many creative enterprises. There are also
people willing to give interest free loans to the poor which may seem like a good impact of
demonetization but is actually an effort to convert black money into white and defeat the purpose.
3. Jan dhan accounts. Government is looking into sudden 'propping up' of money into zero-balance
Jan Dhan accounts, after an unprecedented Rs 2 lakh crore of cash flooded the banking system
within just two days of demonetisation of high value currency. Govt looking into sudden spurt in Jan
Dhan account deposits. Jan Dhan accounts have started showing high cash deposits since
demonetisation and a part of it is suspected to be black money being laundered. The problem with
using poor people as money mules is that they may not have bank accounts.
4. Temple donations. There are reports of people giving their black money to temple 'hundis' or
donation boxes. Temple managements will show this money as anonymous donations, exchange it
for new currency notes, keep a commission for this service, and return most of it to the owner. The
government has already clarified that temple hundis will not be asked questions. ABP news showed
a sting operation in which the priest of Govardhan temple in Mathura was willing to convert Rs 50
lakh of black money into white for a 20% commission. There have been such reports from different
parts of the country.
5. Booking and cancelling train tickets. Since old notes are being accepted till 14 November to book
train tickets, there has been a surge in booking expensive train tickets that people intend to later
cancel and get refunds in new notes, with a small cancellation fee. Now govt. have played a smart
card & restricted the cash transaction refunds.
6. Back-dated FDs in co-operative banks and credit societies. Since such institutions still do a lot of
their work manually, they are reports they have issued fixed deposit receipts in back date. Owners of

black money have reportedly been able to get various FDs in such institutions in names of various
villagers in back dates, and will receive new currency notes in due course, after paying a cut to those
in whose name they deposited the money. Again govt. have now played well to put a restriction on it.
7. Buying gold. Gold prices shot up because many black money hoarders rushed to jewellery shops
as soon as prime minister Narendra Modi made the demonetisation announcement on 8 November.
Many black money owners made the most of four hours they had and bought gold till midnight. There
have also been reports, again, of gold selling in back-dated transactions.
8. Political parties. We all know about it. Who are the people that holds real black money. Since
political parties can collect donations of Rs 20,000 or less without having to reveal who donated the
money, let alone their income tax PAN number, they will have the easiest time with demonetisation. A
political party can say it collected this amount of cash in old currency donations before
demonetisation and demand that it be changed into new currency by 30 December.
9. Advance Salaries: Giving 1 year advance to the employees in cash in old currencies
10. Back dated invoices : Showing sales in back date thereby increased revenue and profits in this
year.
11. Exchange: Sending workers, hiring daily wagers tp get money exchanged from banks again and
again
P.S : # Copied from Quora

Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi a few months ago had given the
idea of holding simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha, Vidhan
Sabha and local bodies. He said that frequent elections affect the
functioning of bureaucracy. President Pranab Mukherjee had also
backed the same proposal of joint elections at Prime Ministers
MyGov platform and sought the opinion of the citizens,
parliamentarians, members of Legislative Assembly and Council,
constitutional and academic experts and all other interested people
to give their views on the subject.
Analysis:
The Election Commission estimates that the Lok Sabha and state
polls cost around Rs.4500 crore in 2004. The considered view is that
the simultaneous elections will not only keep alive the enthusiasm of
the voters but will also lighten the financial and administrative
strain on the Government and improve governance. The Election
Commission said that it is not impossible to implement the idea of

simultaneous election if there is a political consensus and will across

the board.
As far as the idea is concerned, it looks very forward looking,
economic and rational. But empirically, this will hit the fundamentals
of federal democracy. There are four fundamentals on which
democracy thrives which are majority rule, recognition of
minority rights, constitutional government and the most
important governance by discussion. This is precisely the
reason why there is an institution of Parliament and processes like
zero hour, question hour, adjournment motion etc. The collective
consciousness of Indian society even till today is not logical
that it can vote only on the basis of development. Had
development been the sole factor in determining which party people
should vote for, then the scenario would have been different.
There is no denying on the fact that Indian electorate functions on
waves. Political science theory suggests that in a semi-literate
society, rational democracy takes a back seat, emotive issues
suddenly crop up covering the rational considerations. Naturally, a
Government at the Centre will always like that there should be
simultaneous elections. For example: If in a situation, when all
states go for elections, the result would lead to a particular party
sweeping the entire poll based on the mood of the people.
The positive side is there as well. In case, the Central Government
launches a plan, a hostile government at the state level might not
be eager to implement it. This is what happened in case of MNREGA
when it was implemented in the states where there were nonCongress governments. But if there are simultaneous elections,
chances are that one party would win in majority of states and there
would be ease in implementation of plans and projects.
In 1967, 10 states had different Governments other than Congress
for the first time. There were coalition governments and the same
got replicated at the Centre also i.e. the Aaya Ram Gaya Ram
culture in 1990s. We have a federal structure of Government
because the Indian society is varied in terms of region, language
etc. The issue of moral turpitude cannot be countered by
legislation. Anti- Defection Law was brought into existence in 1985
for the first time. Nowhere across the thriving democracies of the
world, this law exists. In 2003 again, through 91 Amendment, this
law was made more stringent. But still, the problem of defection is
there. Now, if there are simultaneous elections, defection
st

might increase based on the presumption which party might

win the election.
There is a need to do away with the concept of toppling a
government. Instead of no confidence, there should be a confidence
motion in which the party remains the same, only the person
concerned is removed and a new face comes in. In this way, going
for simultaneous elections might serve a better purpose. Regional
parties and some other parties might not support this concept
because they know that in next 5 years public perception might
change and people may prefer one party over the other.
Conclusion:
The idea is not bad overall but there are serious challenges overall
in the implementation of one nation one election. There are some
basic changes which needs to be made in the Constitution apart
from building a consensus on this issue.

Lok Sabha TV- Insight: International

Day of Rural Women
On October 15 each year, the United Nations celebrates
International Day of Rural Women and recognizes importance of
women in enhancing agricultural and rural development worldwide.
As per the UN, empowering rural women is a prerequisite to fulfil the
vision of sustainable development goals that aim to end poverty and
hunger, achieve food security and empower all women and
girls. The first International Rural Women Day was observed
in 2008 by UN. Rural women are key agents for achieving the
transformative economic, environmental and social changes
required for development. Rural women play a critical role in the in
the rural economies of both developed and developing countries
though limited access to health, education and gender differences
are among the many challenges they continue to face.
Analysis:
th

The importance of rural women cannot be underestimated. The fact

remains that a quarter of the world population lives in villages and
about 43% of the agricultural labour force comprises women across
the globe. Without encouragement and empowerment of rural
women, especially in the Indian context, where women put in more
number of hours to work development would be a far fetched
dream. They suffer in terms of gender inequality, wage
disparity, calorific intake as compared to men etc. Unless
these gaps are bridged, one cannot foresee a strong rural economy.
India continues to have maximum number of rural women
workforce. The fruits of development, education and health have not
reached rural women in India. The data from National Family Health
Survey says that the gender disparity continues to increase in rural
India. There has also been a decline in the jobs for rural women in
India because of lack of literacy. The Right to Education has come
rather late and implementation of RTE still remains a challenge in
these areas.
India being a young nation, its priorities have been different since
independence like food security and others and therefore,
empowerment of rural women came rather late to the countrys
priority list. Rural and agriculture is coterminous in developing
countries. Observing this day will give some kind of enabling
provision for the countries. This years theme says Climate is
changing. Food and agriculture must too. 86% of the women in
rural areas are involved in agricultural workforce. The Paris Climate
Deal exhibits Indias commitment to the worlds goal of preventing
climate change and temperature rise. But this matrix does not
percolate to the micro level such as Indian rural women in near
future. Since the UN has brought rural women to the central stage, it
is required that the Government starts paying attention in this
direction as soon as possible. Despite their significant role, their
work is considered as household chore and unpaid work is not taken
into consideration.
The Centre has enacted a number of schemes but it is known that
health is a state subject. The onus of implementing these
schemes falls on the states ultimately which have been
falling short of expectations. The 14 Finance Commission has
devolved lot of finances to the states which the Centre was
previously taking care of. Now whether the states have that capacity
to absorb these funds for the purposes they are meant to be used
for is a big question.
th

Rural women hardly own assets in the rural landscape which

denies them institutional credit and hence they are subject
to exploitation. They have limited access to inputs, seeds, credits,
climate-smart technologies or finance. Whether they stay back to
care for their families when there is environmental degradation or
disaster, migrate to find food, safety and decent work, rural women
are clearly more vulnerable and marginalized.
What can be done:
1. Awareness programmes need to be organized for creating
awareness among women especially belonging to weaker
sections about their rights and they should be persuaded to
participate in these programmes.
2. Women should be allowed to work and should be provided
enough safety and support to work. They should be provided
with proper wages and work at par with men so that their status
can be elevated in the society.
3. SHGs, more representation in Panchayats and monitoring of
Government schemes like Stand Up India and Skill India in the
rural sector would help in upliftment of women.
Conclusion:
When women move forward the family moves, the village moves
and the nation moves. Their development is of prime importance as
their thought and their value systems lead the development of a
good family, good society and ultimately a good nation.