7

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1.

z ( z - cos q)
= u ( z)
z - 2 z cos q + 1
\ By change of scale property, we have
z (an cos nq) = u (z/a)

(c) Since, z (cos nq) =

z / a ( z / a - cos q)
z ( z - a cos q)
= 2
= 2
z
z - 2 za cos q + a 2
z
- 2 cos q + 1
2
a
a

2.

(a) Q0 =

8.

(b)

9.

(b)

10. (d)

The given matrix will become singular, if

x 0
0 2 =0
12 6 0
8 (12) x ( 24) = 0
96 + 24x = 0
x=4
(a) We know that the graph of even number of vertices
always have even degree.
8
4

3.

i.e.,

= even (integer)

11.

(c)

Also know that,

Sum of all degree is twice the number of edges,

V V odd

d(V ) +

(e = number of edges)

d(V) = 2e

V V even

d (V ) = 2e

(even integer)

(even integer)

V V odd

d (V )

V V even

4.

5.

6.

mm =

Hence

1
tm

12. (a) At lower electric field zener effect predominate and at

higher electric field avalanche multiplication take place.
13. (d) When (h2 > h1), t > 0
Hence, there is a standing wave in medium (1) but there
is also a transmitted wave in medium 2. However, the
incident and reflected wave have different amplitude.
14. (d) hTE =

d (V ) = even integer

hTE =

V V odd

Q (as x y is even when x, y even)

Hence, G has even number of odd degree vertices.
Since, 5 objects cannot fit to be put 3 small boxes, these
5 objects can be put in the remaining 6 boxes in 6P5
ways.
The remaining 4 objects can be put in 4P4 ways.
\ Total number of arrangement = 6P5 4P4
= (6 5 4 3 2) (4 3 2 1)
= 720 24
= 17280
(c) If the effective masses of a hole and a free electron are
the same, NC = NV
E + EV
EF = C
2
V
- Vmin
The efficiency h = 50 max
%
Vmax + Vmin
max(h) = 50%

qt m
m*
1
1
=
+
+ ...
tm1 tm2

and

...(1)

V V even

d (V ) = 2e

fo
Df
The normalised impedance and admittance is repeated
for every half wavelength of distance.
Rof = Rf (1 + AB)
Rif = Rf (1 + AB)
for current-series feedback
Lag compensator are low pass filter. Hence, reduce the
gain at high frequency so as to improve phase margin.
The attenuator due to the lag compensator will shift the
gain cross over frequency to lower frequency. Thus,
the lag compensator will reduce the bandwidth and will
result in slower transient response.
The combined mobility
1
1
1
=
+
+ ...
mm1 m m2
mm

7.

E x wm
m
=
=
Hy
b
e

1
1 - ( fc / f )2

h
1 - ( fc / f )2

15. (a)

V0 = Ad Vd = Ad (voltage difference between two input)

i.e., output voltage is driven by input voltage. Hence,
op-amp is voltage controlled voltage source.
16. (b) Hilbert transform makes p/2 phase shift in the input
x (t) = sin wt + cos wt
x (t) = Hilbert transform of x (t)
= sin (wt p/2) + cos (wt p/2)
= cos wt + sin wt
= sin wt cos wt

8
17. (c)

d(t) = XAM (t) cos wc t

= [A + m(t)] cos2 wc t
1
1
=
[A + m(t)] + [A + m(t)] cos2 wc t
2
2
18. (b) In MOSFET, the drain current is controlled by the field
induced in channel and hence, current is controlled by
voltage.
Hence, MOSFET is voltage controlled current source
device.
19. (a) Let A, B, C, D be the event when 0(W) and 3(B); 1(W) and
2(B); 2(W) and 1(B); 3(W) and 0(B) are transferred to the
second box.
Let E be the event of drawing a black ball from the second
box
6
4
C
C1 6C2 1
1
P(A) = 10 3 = , P(B) = 10
=
2
C3
C3 6
4

C
3
1
, P(D) = 10 3 =
30
10
C3
P(A) + P(B) + P(C) + P(D)
1
1 1 3
+
=1
= + +
6 2 10 30
\ Events, A, B, C, D are mutual exclusive and also
exhaustive
P(E/A) = 3/3 = 1; P(E/B) = 2/3;
P(E/C) = 1/3; P(E/D) = 0
Required probability

P(C) =

C
= P
E

1
+
6
1
1
10
=
=
1 1 1
6
+ +
6 3 10
x&1
1 1 x1 0
& =
+ U
-2 -1 x2 1
x2

20. (c)

E
P P (C )
C
=
E
E
E
P P( A) P P ( B ) + P
A
B

C

E
P(C) + P P(D)
D
1 3

3 10
2 1 1 3
1
+
+ 0
3 2 3 10
30

x
y = [1 , 0] 1
x2

1 1
A=

-2 -1
0
B=
1
C = [1 , 0]
0 + 1
Matrix [ B AB] =

1 - 1
The rank of matrix is 2, the system is completely state
controllable
1 1
Consider the matrix [CT AT CT] =

0 1
Rank of matrix [CT AT CT] is 2.
Hence, the system is completly observable.
-Az
r
21. (c) B = A =
= a f = a f
e
2
ds = dr dz a f

y=

B . ds =

1
z

rdr dz =

z = 0 p =1

15
4

= 3.75 Wb
s
22. (a) H(s) =
s +1
The transfer function has pole at 1 and zero at 0.
Hence, h(t) = d(t) e t u(t)

s
( s + 1)2
h(t) = te t u(t)
1
H(s) = 2
s + s +1

H(s) =

s2 + 2xwn s + w2n = 0
2xwn = 1
1
x = <1
2

9
Slope in region t = 3 to 4 = 1
27. (a) x[n] is right sided

Underdamp

47
49
1
z - z -1
4
Xz =
= 32 + 32
1 - 16z -1 1 + 4z -1 1 - 4z -1
1
H(s) = 2
s +1
h(t) = sin t
23. (b) The priority from highest to lowest is TRAP, RST 7.5,
RST 6.5, RST 5.5, INTR
TRAPS are usually reserved for unusual event such as
power supply failure.
IN/OUT device are usually using other four interrupt
with priority required.
Hence, A uses RST 7.5, B uses RST 6.5 and C uses RST
5.5
24. (a)

28. (d)

49
n 47 n
x [ n ] = ( -4 ) + 4 u [ n ]
32
32

Given Unity feedback system with

G (s) K / s (JS + B)

C (s )
G (s )
\ M (s ) = R s = 1 - G s H s
()
() ()

k / s ( Js + B)
k
=
1 + k / s ( Js + B) s ( Js + B) + k
\ The characteristic equation is
s (Js + B) + k = 0
or s2 J + sB + k = 0
or s2 + s (B/J) + k/J = 0
Comparing with the standard form

s 2 + 2dw n s + w 2n = 0

w 2n = k / J and 2dw n = B / J

29. (b)
We can write

Y2 = Q1 Q0
Y1 = Q2 Y2
Y1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Q3
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1

Q2
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0

Q1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1

Q0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0

Y1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1

Y2
1
1
1
0
1
0
0

( s + 10 )

(s2 + 3s + 10)

Since in the denominator we have s4 common, it is a

type 4 system. The highest power of s in the denominator
is 7: hence it is a 7th-order system.
30. (b)

x1(t) 0 1 x1(t) 0
x (t) = -1 -2 x (t) + 1 u ( t )
2
2
x (t)
C ( t ) = [1 1] 1
x 2 ( t )
0 1
A=
, B=
-1 -2

To repeat the sequence 1010, 7 CLK pulse required.

25. (a)
26. 1
h(t) = x(4 t)

0
1 ,

D = [1 1]

0 1
s = [ B AB] =

1 -2
It is non-singular and therefore, the system is state
controllable. It is output controllable if

T = [D ' A ' D '] is non-singular.

The symbol means transpose of the vector or the matrix.

x( t + 4)
t
2

100 ( s + 5 )( s + 50 )

G (s ) =

( t + 4)sec

1 -1
\ T=
which is not non-singular.
1 -1
31. Image frequency = 1200 + 2 450 = 2100 kHz.
32. H = Pu log 21/ Pu = log 2 40 = 5.32
33. F = F1 + (F 1 / ga1) = 10 + 9 / 10 = 10.9

34. (c)

G p = 10log10 N ; N = No. of Channel

10
So, G p = 10log10 2000 = 33 dB
For PCM system with matched filter

35. (a)

E
1
Pc = erfc b
No
2

1/2

= 76.4 W / sr
p2
39. (d) Maxima will be given by,

p
p

cos f + = 0
4
4

or f = 180 i.e., X-axis.

-4

40. (b)

1/2

1
1.8 10-3

= 1.15 10 -5
\ Pc = erfc
2 10-4
2

36. (a)
37. (c)

Since a > b, the dominant mode is TE10.

3 108
c
=
= 3GHz
2a 2 0.05

In free space fc =
ho

\ h1 =

f
1- c
f

377

3
1-
8

= 406.7 W

h=

c
2a e r
ho

h2 =

er

3 108
2 0.05 2.25

377
2.25

41.

42. (b)
43.
For maximum power transfer
N
2
2 = 8.
N
p

= 2GHz

s=

38. (b)

N2 1
=
NP 2

NP = 80 turns

4 bit SIPO
Pulse 1 XOR (1, 0) = 1 1011
2 XOR (1, 1) = 0 0101
3 XOR (0, 1) = 1 1010
Contents will be 1010

1 + 0.22
= 1.564
1 - 0.22

For q = 90 and bs = p,

jhIo e- jb r 2N -1
n jb Scos( ny-f ).a q
E q ( 90, 0 ) =
( -1) e
2pr
n =0

= 259.23 W

h -h
259.23 - 406.7
G= 2 1 =
= - 0.22
h2 + h1 259.23 + 406.7

1- G

= 251.33 W

1+ G

p 3p
2p cos q = ,
2
2
q = 75, 41, 104, 138
Effective inductance across AB terminals
= L1 + L2 + L3 2M12 2M13 + 2M23
= 4 + 5 + 6 2 (1) 2 (3) + 2 (2)
= 15 + 4 2 6 = 11 H

44.

251.33
2
1-
8

1 2p

A.F. = 2 cos 2l cos q + D

2 l

= 2cos ( 2p cos q )

In dielectric medium
fc =

N0
= 1.0 10-4
2

N 0 = 2 10

r 2 E q ( 90, 0 )
2h

2h

where, E b = V 2 .Tb = 52 72 10-6 = 1.8 10 -3

and

then U (90, 0) =

jhIo e- jbr
.1[-1 - 1 - 1 - 1]
2pr

j2h(1.0) e- jbr
pr

45. (c)

w=

I=

46.

1
= 103rad / sec.
LC

Vo
10
cos wt = cos103 t = 5cos1000 t
E
2

(10 - 6)
volt = 80 mA
50
ILmax = 5 Ma

I=

RLmin =

6
5 10 -3

= 1.2 kW

11

47.

Mp =

jw

xp
e 1 - x2

, At x = 0, M p = 1 = 100%

q1

48. 0.1885
At T = 200 K,

j1

200
kT = (0.0259)
= 0.01727 eV
300
E
ni2 = N c N v exp - g
kT

So,

q3

q4
2

-0.66
19
18 200
exp

ni2 = (1.04 10 )(6.0 10 )

0.01727
300
or,
ni = 2.16 1010 cm3
Hole concentration in the germanium atom is

or,

2
Na
N
+ a + n i2
2
2
Na = 1015 cm3 > > ni so,
p0 = 1015 cm3

p0 =
Since,

p0
EFi EF = kT ln
ni

So,

1015

= 0.1855 eV
= 0.01727 In
10
2.16 10

49. 1
First we convert two parallel 2R resistor in single as shown
below
2R

2R

VO

VO
R
+

2R

2R

4V

n i2 (1.5 1010 )2
=
= 4.5 105 cm 3
pC0 =
NC
5 1014

2R

V1

Also,

2R

or,

V 2R
Now
Vo = 1
= 1V
2R + R
50. Poles = 3, 1 + j, 1 j, Zero = 2
q1 q2 q3 q4 = 180,

VCB
pC(0) = pC0 exp
Vt
p C (0)
VCB = Vt In
p C0
5 1013
= (0.0259)In

4.5 105

Now applying KCL we get

V1
V1
V1 - 4
+
+
=0
2R
2R + R R + R
3V1 12 + 2V1 + 3 V1 = 0
V1= 1.5 V

j1

1
-q1 - 90 - tan 1 + tan 11 = 180
2
q1 = 251.6, q1 = 108.4
51. For 1% quantizing error, count 100. For any A/D
converter, the number of quantized level (count) of inputs
is given by
N = 2n 1
For n = 7,
N = 27 1 = 127 > 100
For less than 1% error, no of bits required n = 7.
52. 0.48
Low injection limit is reached when
pC(0) = (0.10)NC
= (0.10)(5 1014) = 5 1013 cm3
Now , we have

R
+

4V

q2

= 0.48 V
53.

6=

vo
v
, io = -6 + o
3k
6k

-6(6k)
= -18 A.
3k
54. 10-bit ring counter is a MOD-10, so it divides the 160 kHz
input by 10, therefore, w = 16 kHz. The four-bit parallel
counter is a MOD-16. Thus, the frequency at x = 1 kHz.
The MOD-25 ripple counter produces a frequency at y =
40 Hz. (1 kHz/25 = 40 Hz). The four-bit Johnson Counter
is a MOD-8 This, the frequency at z = 5 Hz.

i o = -6 +

12
55. Maximum slope = 20 (14 2) = 240 dB/decade
56. (d)
57. (c)

59.

The first blank could be filled either by appeal or caters

because inhibits means prevents or restraint and
panders means satisfying vulgar tastes. So, we have
option between (a) and (c) archetypal means of a
particular kind while eclectic means choosing from
various source. Ecletic goes well with the meaning of
the sentence, so, the proper choice is (c).
(c) Obsession is a greater degree of interest; fantasy is a
greater degree of a dream.
(d)

60.

(d) We have,

58.

5a + 3b 23
=
2a - 3b
5
or 25a + 15 b = 46a 69b

63.

1
1
1
+
= x = 10
x x+5 6

Thus, the pipes A and B can fill the cistern respectively

in 10 minutes and 15 minutes,
(b) Let the number of candidates be 100.
50%

50%

50 20
50 20
20 = 30
= 30

Failed in
Maths only

Failed in both
the subjects

64. (b) Given : P (Part A is defective) =

P(Part B is defective) =

9
and
100

5
100

5
14
9
+
=
100 100 100
\ Required Prob (instrument will not be defective)
= 1 P(Both defective)

\ P (Both A and B are defective) =

86
14
=
= 0.86
100 100
65. (d) Let Raj's typed x pages in 7 hrs.

= 1

Then, the no. of pages typed by him in one hour =

or 21a = 84 b or a = 84 = 4
b 21 1
61. (a) The passage refers to disunity of activists and local
indifference to Indias architectural treasures. Thus (a)
comes across as a best choice as a situation it created
in which antique dealers can thrive. Other options are
clearly not suggested may appear correct but is not at
apt as (a).
62. (c) Let pipe A fills the cistern in x minutes.
Therefore, pipe B will fill the cistern in (x + 5) minutes.
Now,

Number of students who passed in both the subjects

= 100 (30 + 20 + 30) = 20, i.e. 20%.

Failed in
Physics only

x
7

Kishan types x pages in 5 hrs.

Kishan types

x
pages in 1 hrs.
5

x x 1 6x
Muraris typing in 1 hr = + =
5 7 2 35
No. of pages typed by all the three typists in one hour

x x 6 x 18 x
+ +
=
7 5 35
35

216 35
18 x
= 105
Therefore, 4
= 216 x =

18 4
35

Required no. of pages respectively are

105
6 105
,105 ,
or 15, 18, 21
7
35 5