Name

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CHAPTER 10

Sexual Reproduction and Genetics

Part A: Multiple Choice

In the space at the left, write the letter of the term, number, or phrase that best answers
each question.
1. How many chromosomes are found in human body cells?
A. 11
B. 23
C. 46
D. 92
2. Which describes a gene?
A. chromosome pair
B. chromosome trait
C. DNA segment
D. haploid cell
3. How is an allele described?
A. form of a gene
B. one haploid cell
C. part of a chromosome
D. short segment of DNA

Part B: Matching

Statement

Mitosis

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

For each statement, check the box indicating whether the statement applies to mitosis or
meiosis. Check only one box for each statement.
Meiosis

1. Two sets of cell divisions occur.

2. The DNA of the resulting daughter cells are identical.
3. Gametes are formed.
4. Cell growth and repair is completed.
5. Potential evolutionary changes can occur more frequently.

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CONTINUED

Part C: Interpreting Punnett Squares

Use the Punnett square below to respond to the following statement.
T = tongue rolling
t = unable to roll tongue

TT

Tt

1. Describe the genotypes of the two possible offspring labeled A and B in the Punnett
square above.
A.

B.

Use the Punnett square below to respond to the following statement.

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

R=
r =
Y=
y=

round seeds
wrinkled seeds
yellow seeds
green seeds

RY
RY

Ry

rY

ry

Ry

rY

ry

2. Describe the genotypes of the offspring labeled A, B, and C in the Punnett square above.
A.

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B.

C.

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CONTINUED

Part D: Short Answer

Write your response to each statement in the space provided.
1. Contrast the genetic makeup of offspring from sexual and asexual reproduction.

2. Contrast the genotype and phenotype of an organism.

Part E: Concept Application

Write your response to each statement in the space provided.
1. A gardener crosses a plant with white flowers and a plant of the same species that
has red flowers. The offspring of these plants have white flowers. Infer how the
observations of the gardener are an example of the terms recessive and dominant.
Include the term F1 generation in your discussion.

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. Apply For thousands of years, humans have bred different types of dogs, resulting
in dozens of breeds with a wide diversity of traits. Dogs have 76 chromosomes. Why
are so many different dog traits possible? Use the term genetic recombination in
your answer.

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CHAPTER 10

Sexual Reproduction and Genetics

Part A: Multiple Choice

In the space at the left, write the letter of the number, phrase, or sentence that best completes
each statement or answers each question.
1. Which is a difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?
A. Cytokinesis occurs during meiosis II but not meiosis I.
B. Meiosis I has a prophase stage, but meiosis II does not.
C. Meiosis II results in four haploid cells instead of two diploid cells.
D. Nuclear membranes form during meiosis II but not meiosis I.
2. What is formed as a result of mitosis?
A. four genetically different cells
B. four genetically identical cells
C. two genetically different cells
D. two genetically identical cells

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

3. Which summarizes the genetic research completed by the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel?
A. After years of research, Mendel identified the genes for flower colors.
B. Mendel bred various dog breeds to discover the science of genetics.
C. Mendel hypothesized that the offspring of pea plant traits are inherited.
D. Using Punnett squares, Mendel developed the principles of genetics.
4. An organism with the genotype DD for a trait is
A. heterozygous dominant.
B. heterozygous recessive.
C. homozygous dominant.
D. homozygous recessive.
5. What is the probability that a cross between a heterozygous dominant yellow-seeded pea
plant and a green-seeded pea plant will produce green-seeded offspring?
A. 1:1
B. 1:2
C. 1:4
D. 1:8

Part B: Matching and Completion

Matching Write the letter of the phase of meiosis I on the line next to each statement.
Answers may be used only once or not at all.
1. Chromosome number is reduced from 2n to 1n.

A. anaphase I

2. Two sister chromatids reach opposite poles of the cell.

B. interphase

3. Homologous chromosomes become visible, condense, and form pairs.

C. metaphase I

4. DNA is replicated.

D. prophase I

5. Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up on the equator.

E. telophase I
F. anaphase II

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CONTINUED

Completion Write the correct term in the blank to complete each sentence below.
6. The number of chromosomes in a human body cell equals

7. A segment of DNA is called a(n)

8. An Escherichia coli bacterium daughter cell inherits the exact DNA from its parent cell during the process

of

9. The passing of fur color from a parent leopard to its offspring is an example

of

10. A heterozygous pea plant is also called a(n)

Part C: Interpreting Punnett Squares

Use the Punnett square below to respond to the following statement.
T = tongue rolling
t = unable to roll tongue

1. Predict the genotypes of the four possible gamete combinations labeled AD in the
Punnett square above.
B.

C.

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

A.

D.

Use the Punnett square below to respond to the following statement.

R=
r =
Y=
y=

round seeds
wrinkled seeds
yellow seeds
green seeds

RY
RY

Ry

rY

ry

Ry

rY

ry

2. Predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the three

possible gamete combinations labeled A, B, and C in
the Punnett square above.

A.
B.
C.

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CONTINUED

Part D: Short Answer

Write your response to each statement in the space provided.
1. Describe homologous chromosomes.

2. Explain the process of fertilization. Use the term chromosome in your answer.

3. Contrast dominant and recessive traits.

Part E: Concept Application

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Write your response to each statement in the space provided.

1. Hypothesize An aquarium hobbyist wants to breed guppies with large, fan-shaped,
red tails. The hobbyist has a large number of guppies with assorted tail colors and
shapes in an aquarium. Write a hypothesis that explains how the hobbyist should
proceed to breed a population of guppies with the desired traits.

2. A gardener crosses a snapdragon plant that has white flowers with a snapdragon
plant with red flowers. All the offspring in the F1 generation produce pink flowers.
The gardener crosses two of the plants with pink flowers, and the snapdragon plants
of the F2 generation have red, white, or pink flowers. Infer reasons for the gardeners
observations.

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CHAPTER 10

Sexual Reproduction and Genetics

Part A: Multiple Choice

In the space at the left, write the letter of the term, number, or phrase that best answers
each question.
1. Which is the number of chromosomes in a haploid cell?
A. 1n
B. 2n
C. 3n
D. 4n
2. Which event occurs during meiosis II but not during meiosis I?
A. cytokinesis occurs after the final phase
B. haploid number of chromosomes line equator
C. sister chromotids are pulled to opposite poles
D. spindle apparatus forms inside the cell
3. Which is the ratio of pea plant offspring with green seeds if both parents are hybrids?
A. 1:1
B. 1:2
C. 1:4
D. 1:8

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

4. Which causes genetic recombination?

A. alleles
B. crossing over
C. genes
D. hybrid crosses
5. How is polyploidy defined?
A. extra chromosome sets
B. frequency of crossover
C. independently linked genes
D. random allele assortment

Part B: Matching and Completion

Matching Write the letter of the correct meiosis I phase on the line next to its description.
Answers may be used only once or not at all.
1. Crossover can occur frequently.

A. anaphase I

2. Homologous pairs are at opposite poles.

B. interphase

3. Proteins are synthesized.

C. metaphase I

4. Spindle fibers guide separated homologous

chromosome pairs toward opposite poles.

D. prophase I

5. Homologous pairs line up at the equator.

E. telophase
F. anaphase II

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CONTINUED

Completion Write the correct term in the blank to complete each sentence below.
6. A DNA segment is called a(n)

7. Genetic variation can occur during meiosis because of the process of

8. Offspring that are genetically identical to their parent are a result of the process

of

9. The possibility for either green or yellow seeds in pea plants is an example of

possible

10. The allele pairs of an individual organism are called its

Part C: Interpreting Punnett Squares

T = tongue rolling
t = unable to roll tongue

Use the Punnett square to the right to respond to the following statement.
1. Describe the genotypes and phenotypes of the two parents that produce the
four possible gamete combinations in the Punnett square.

Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Use the Punnett square to the right to respond to the following statement.
2. Discuss the probabilities of all the possible phenotypes of the F1
generation represented by the genetic cross of the Punnett square.

R
r
Y
y

=
=
=
=

TT

Tt

Tt

tt

round seeds
wrinkled seeds
yellow seeds
green seeds
RY

Ry

rY

ry

RY
Ry

Part D: Short Answer

rY

Write your response to each statement in the space provided.

ry

1. Summarize Mendels research on the heredity of plants.

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CONTINUED

2. Explain Mendels law of segregation.

3. Describe gene linkage.

Part E: Concept Application

Write your response to each statement in the space provided.
1. The color of rabbit fur can be gray, brown, white, or a mixture of black and white.
A single gene determines the color for rabbit fur. Infer how the phenotype for rabbit
fur is determined.

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Copyright Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. A cross between a homozygous, white-haired horse and a homozygous, black-haired

horse produces offspring that all are the same color, but they are neither black nor
white. Interpret the genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation offspring.

Unit 3