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The following titles and subtitles should be used for your lab report and given in
this order within your lab report.
Everything should be in Times New Roman, 12 point font, double-spaced lines
Design
Problem must be focused and not ambiguous in any way. Restating the
question posed to you is not sufficient. Your question should be more focused
than the question I posed to you.
Hypothesis state first & then give a logical rationale your conclusion should
address the hypothesis you are giving here. Information in your background
section should be repeated and used to support your hypothesis. Do not assume
that the reader can tell which parts of your background research support your
hypothesis. State the science behind your hypothesis explicitly.
Materials make a table listing precisely what materials you are using and
what you will use it for. "250 mL beaker" not "beaker", "electronic balance" not
"balance", "100 mL graduated cylinder" not "graduated cylinder". For any
chemicals used, identify the compounds precisely including concentrations where
appropriate.
Procedure write a numbered list of steps that can stand alone and be
followed by any classmate. Be sure to include details of data collection. Saying
you will "collect data" is not sufficient, under any circumstances. If you're
measuring length, say you will measure the length with a ruler, not just measure
the results. Include multiple trials in your procedure!!! Five is generally a good
goal. Even if you are sure you will run out of time to do 5 trials, put at least 5
trials in your procedure (10 minimum if you use a T-test)!! Dont exaggerate the
number of trials you plan on doing either. If the procedure is simple enough to do
100 trials, say you will do 100 trials, but dont say that unless you know there is
enough time. State the method of data analysis as the last step.
Raw Data Graph this will typically be a bar or line graph showing values for
each individual. Remember there are no error bars on a raw data graph. Think
about title, axis labels, units, scale, etc.
Data Processing
Overview this is a short paragraph section that gives an overview of
how and why you decided to process and present the data in the form
that shows up later in this section. This should show that you understand
why you chose to analyze this way!
Calculations neatly lay-out and explain one example only of any type
of manipulation that was done to the raw data to help make it more useful
for interpretation. You should use formulas and units when appropriate.
Label your calculations carefully so the reader knows what you are
calculating. If you decide to type your report and hand write calculations,
please put them in the correct place in your report. This section is
Presentation this is typically 2 data tables (one for descriptive statistics like
means, standard deviations, etc.; the other for statistical test (T-test or linear
regression results) and 1 graph (should be a bar graph with error bars (standard
deviation) for a T-test and a scatterplot with trendline for a linear regression).
Again, the design & clarity of data table(s) is important and the quality of graphs
is also very important. Give careful consideration to the choice of graph style(s)
that you choose to do. Remember that demonstrating errors and uncertainties in
your data is also mandatory for the processed data. Be sure that the significant
figures reported in your calculated data match the calculated uncertainties of
your calculated data. Make sure that you follow good standard rules for doing
graphs (valid title, axis labeled including units, etc.) Please put graphs in the
correct place in your report. They should be BEFORE the conclusion and
evaluation!