High speed flight

Subsonic - 0.8 mach

Transonic - 0.8-1.2 mach

Supersonic - 1.2 - 5 mach

Hypersonic - above 5 mach

Mach number = speed of flight @ height / speed of sound @ sea level

Speed of sound @ sea level = 760 mph

Dependent on temperature - alt

Angle of mach cone when speed

Mcrit = speed @ which a shockwave forms anywhere on the a/c (leads to shock drag + decrease-lift, control efficiency + cop moves aft mach tuck)

Shock wave moves aft with increase in speed

In supersonic air - Divergent = P V

Deep stall - T tail a/c ,engines mounted at rear- stall condition leads to elevators being in turbulence wake

Boundary layer thickens with increase speed (up to Mcrit)

speed of sound
+ Shock wave wider than mach cone

+ Convergent P

Swept wings force air over longer path, virtually therefore increase in chord length increases T/C ratio therefore Mcrit is delayed, coefficient of lift
decreases and span wise flow, tip vortices, dutch roll all increase.

Swept wing AoA decrease for a/c designed for high speeds

MAC- actual point where lift acts

Wing fences, washout and winglets reduce span wise flow

Vortex generator introduce high energy air into boundary layer to re-energise therefore delay separation

Whitcomb bodies - smooth area rule graph (C.S.A)

Bulging bodies- TE of wings

Delta wings- falls inside mach cone-all airflow is subsonic for longer and increased T/C ratio.