THESEVENSACRAMENTS

"ForthereisoneGod,andthereisonemediatorbetweenGodandmen,
themanChristJesus,whogavehimselfasaransomforall"
FirstLetterofPaultoTimothy2:5
AsacramentisanoutwardefficacioussigninstitutedbyChristtogivegrace.JesusChristhimselfisthesacrament,ashegavehislifeto
savemankind.HishumanityistheoutwardsignortheinstrumentofhisDivinity.ItisthroughhishumanitythatthelifeoftheTrinity
comestousasgracethroughthesacraments.ItisJesusChristalonewhomediatesthesacramentstoallowgracetoflowtomankind.
ChristsenttheHolySpiritatPentecosttoinspirehisApostlesandhisChurchtoshepherdhisflockafterhisAscensionintoheaven."As
theFatherhassentme,evensoIsendyou"(John17:18,20:21).JesusistheHeadofhisBodytheChurch(Colossians1:18).TheChurch
itselfisasacramentinstitutedbyChristtogivegrace.JesusgaveushisBodytheChurchtocontinuetheworksheperformedduringhis
earthlylife.GracegiventousthroughthesacramentswillhelpusleadagoodlifeinthisworldandhelpsaveusfortheKingdomof
Heaven.
ThesacramentswereinstitutedbyChristandwerepartoftheLiturgicalTraditionoftheearlyChristianChurch.TheChurchcelebrates
inherliturgythePaschalmysteryofChrist,hisSacrificeontheCross,DeathandResurrection.TheGreekwordormysteryin
theGreekNewTestamentistranslatedintosacramentumintheLatinVulgateBible,fromwhichwederiveourEnglishwordsacrament
(examples:Ephesians1:9,Ephesians3:9,Colossians1:27).ThesavingeffectsofChrist'sRedemptionontheCrossarecommunicated
throughthesacraments,especiallyintheliturgicalcelebrationoftheEucharist.Thesacramentstothisdayarecalledmysteriesinthe
EasternChurches.
RomanCatholic,EasternCatholic,aswellasEasternOrthodoxChurchesallrecognizethesevensacramentsofBaptism,Confirmation,
HolyEucharist,Penance,theAnointingoftheSick,HolyOrders,andMatrimony.ThethreesacramentsofChristianInitiationare
Baptism,Confirmation,andtheEucharist.ThetwosacramentsofHealingarePenanceandtheAnointingoftheSick,andthetwo
sacramentsofVocationareHolyOrdersandMarriage.Threesacraments,Baptism,Confirmation,andHolyOrders,aregivenonce,as
theyrenderapermanentsealorcharacteruponone'ssoul(2Corinthians1:2122,Ephesians4:30,Revelations7:3).
TheGospelofMark5:2534describesawomanafflictedwithhemorrhagewhotouchedthecloakofJesusandwasimmediatelyhealed.
ThereisafourthcenturyfrescopaintinginthecatacombofSts.MarcellinusandPeterdepictingthisevent,whichservesasanapt
symbolofSacramentthepowerthatflowsoutfromthebodyofJesus,inordertoeffectbothremissionofsinandnewlifeinChrist.
ThefrescoimageframesPartIIoftheCatechismoftheCatholicChurchontheLiturgyandtheSacraments,TheCelebrationofthe
ChristianMystery.St.ThomasAquinas,intheSummaTheologica,haswrittenthestandardexpositionontheSevenSacraments.

Eachsacramentconsistsofavisibleexternalrite,whichiscomposedofmatterandform,thematterbeingtheaction,suchasthepouring
ofwaterinbaptism,andtheformbeingthewordsspokenbytheminister.Eachsacramentalriteconfersaspecialecclesialeffectand
sacramentalgraceappropriateforeachsacrament.Thesacramentsoccuratpivotaleventsandgivemeaningtoaperson'slife.
Thesacramentsactexopereoperato,bytheveryfactoftheactionbeingperformed,independentoftheminister.Theeffectonthe
personreceivingthesacramentiscalledexopereoperantis,anddependsontheinteriordispositionofthereceiver.
Graceisafavor,thefreeandundeservedgiftfromGodthroughChristJesus,tohelpusrespondtohiscalltobecomechildrenofGod,to
becomepartakersofthedivinenatureandofeternallife.OurjustificationcomesfromthegraceofGod.Graceisaparticipationinthe
lifeofGodandisnecessaryforsalvation.
ThispagewillincludeabriefintroductionandsomeScripturalsourcesforeachSacrament,followedbygeneralreferences.
"AndtheWordbecameflesh
andmadehisdwellingamongus,
andwesawhisglory,
thegloryasoftheFather'sonlySon,
fullofgraceandtruth.
GospelofJohn1:14
Theyarejustifiedfreelybyhisgrace
throughtheredemptioninChristJesus,
whomGodsetforthasanexpiation,throughfaith,byhisblood,
toprovehisrighteousnessbecauseoftheforgivenessofsinspreviouslycommitted,
throughtheforbearanceofGod
toprovehisrighteousnessinthepresenttime,
thathemightberighteousandjustifytheonewhohasfaithinJesus.
LetterofSt.PaultotheRomans3:2426
BlessedbetheGodandFatherofourLordJesusChrist,
whohasblessedusinChristwitheveryspiritualblessingintheheavens,
ashechoseusinhim,beforethefoundationoftheworld,
tobeholyandwithoutblemishbeforehim.
InlovehedestinedusforadoptiontohimselfthroughJesusChrist,
inaccordwiththefavorofhiswill,
forthepraiseofthegloryofhisgracethathegrantedusinthebeloved.
Inhimwehaveredemptionbyhisblood,theforgivenessoftransgressions,
inaccordwiththerichesofhisgracethathelavisheduponus.
Inallwisdomandinsight,hehasmadeknowntousthemystery
ofhiswillinaccordwithhisfavorthathesetforthinhim
asaplanforthefullnessoftimes,tosumupallthingsinChrist,inheavenandonearth.
LetterofSt.PaultotheEphesians1:310

BAPTISM
BaptismisthebasisofthewholeChristianlife,aswearebornofthewaterandtheSpirit.Baptismisnecessaryforsalvation(John3:5),
andconveysapermanentsignthatthenewChristianisachildofGod.JesushimselfwasbaptizedintheJordanRiverbyJohnthe
Baptist(Mark1:911).ThemartyrSt.IgnatiusofAntioch,inhisLettertotheEphesianswrittenabout100AD,statedthatJesus"Christ
wasbaptized,thatbyhimselfsubmittinghemightpurifythewater."BaptismisprefiguredintheOldTestamentthroughthesavingof
NoahandhisfamilyduringtheFlood(Genesis7:1223,1Peter3:2021),andMosescrossingoftheRedSeaduringtheExodus,leaving
captivityforthePromisedLand(Exodus14:122).
TheGreekwordbaptizeinmeansto"immerse,plunge,ordip."Theinfantorcandidateisanointedwiththeoilofcatechumens,followed
bytheparents,godparents,orcandidatemakingtheprofessionoffaith.TheessentialriteofBaptismconsistsoftheministerimmersing
thebabyorpersoninwaterorpouringwateronhishead,whilepronouncing"IbaptizeyouinthenameoftheFather,theSon,andthe
HolySpirit."Theinfantorcandidateisthenanointedwithsacredchrism.
WhathastakenplaceinBaptismisindicatedbytheritesthatfollowit,theclothinginthewhitegarmentandgivingofthelightedcandle:
thebaptizedpersonhas"putonChrist"andhasnowbecomelight.HerearethreeScripturalsourcesintheNewTestament(Seealso

Matthew3:1317,Luke3:2122Acts1:2122Romans6:34Ephesians4:5Colossians2:1113,IPeter3:21):
"Go,therefore,andmakedisciplesofallnations,baptizingtheminthenameoftheFather,andoftheSon,andoftheholy
Spirit,
teachingthemtoobserveallthatIhavecommandedyou."
GospelofMatthew28:1920
"InthosedaysJesuscamefromNazarethofGalilee
andwasbaptizedbyJohnintheJordan.
Andwhenhecameupoutofthewater,immediatelyhesawtheheavensopened
andtheSpiritdescendinguponhimlikeadove
andavoicecamefromheaven,
"ThouartmybelovedSonwiththeeIamwellpleased."
GospelofMark1:911
Jesusanswered,"Truly,truly,Isaytoyou,unlessoneisbornofwaterandtheSpirit,
hecannotenterthekingdomofGod."
GospelofJohn3:5

CONFIRMATION
Confirmation(orChrismation)istheSacramentoftheHolySpirit,theHolySpiritwhomChristJesussent(John7:3739,16:7).Jesus
instructedhisApostlesthat"youwillreceivethepoweroftheHolySpirit"andcalledupontheApostlestobehis"witnesses"totheends
oftheearth(Acts1:8).AtthePentecost,theApostleswerefilledwiththeHolySpirit(Acts2:14),andbegantospreadtheWordofGod.
TheActsoftheApostlesisoftencalledtheGospeloftheHolySpirit.St.CyrilofJerusalemwroteofBaptism,Eucharist,andthis
sacramentinthemidfourthcenturyAD.
TheriteofConfirmationisanointingtheforeheadwithchrism,togetherwiththelayingonoftheminister'shandsandthewords,"Be
sealedwiththeGiftoftheHolySpirit."TherecipientreceivesthesevengiftsoftheHolySpirit:wisdom,understanding,counsel,
fortitude,knowledge,piety,andfearoftheLord(Isaiah11:23).Onoccasiononemayreceiveoneormoreofthecharismaticgiftsofthe
Spirit(1Corinthians12:711).
TheecclesialeffectandsacramentalgraceofthesacramentgivetherecipientthestrengthandcharactertowitnessforJesusChrist.The
EastcontinuesthetraditionoftheearlyChristianChurchbyadministeringthesacramentwithBaptism.ConfirmationintheWestis
administeredbytheBishoptochildrenfromage7to18,butgenerallytoadolescents,forexample,toagraduatingclassofgradeschool
children.KeyScripturalsourcesforConfirmationarethefollowing(SeealsoJohn16:7,Acts1:45,2:14,2:38,10:4448):
WhenthetimeforPentecostwasfulfilled,theywereallinoneplacetogether
Andsuddenlytherecamefromtheskyanoiselikeastrongdrivingwind,
anditfilledtheentirehouseinwhichtheywere.
Thenthereappearedtothemtonguesasoffire,
whichpartedandcametorestoneachoneofthem.
AndtheywereallfilledwiththeholySpiritandbegantospeakindifferenttongues,
astheSpiritenabledthemtoproclaim.
ActsoftheApostles2:14
"NowwhentheapostlesatJerusalemheardthatSamariahadreceivedthewordofGod,theysenttothemPeterandJohn,
whocamedownandprayedforthemthattheymightreceivetheHolySpirit
forithadnotyetfallenonanyofthem,buttheyhadonlybeenbaptizedinthenameoftheLordJesus.
ThentheylaidtheirhandsonthemandtheyreceivedtheHolySpirit."
ActsoftheApostles8:1417
"WhileApolloswasatCorinth,PaulpassedthroughtheuppercountryandcametoEphesus.Therehefoundsome
disciples.
Andhesaidtothem,"DidyoureceivetheHolySpiritwhenyoubelieved?"
Andtheysaid,"No,wehaveneverevenheardthatthereisaHolySpirit."
Andhesaid,"Intowhatthenwereyoubaptized?"Theysaid,"IntoJohn'sbaptism."
AndPaulsaid,"Johnbaptizedwiththebaptismofrepentance,
tellingthepeopletobelieveintheonewhowastocomeafterhim,thatis,Jesus."
Onhearingthis,theywerebaptizedinthenameoftheLordJesus.
AndwhenPaulhadlaidhishandsuponthem,theHolySpiritcameonthemandtheyspokewithtonguesand
prophesied."

ActsoftheApostles19:16

THEEUCHARIST
Eucharistiameansthanksgiving,andtheEucharististhe"sourceandsummitoftheChristianlife."St.JustinMartyrdescribedthe
EucharisticLiturgyin155ADinhisFirstApology.ThePaschalmysteryofChristiscelebratedintheliturgyoftheMass.TheMass(or
DivineLiturgyintheEast)istheEucharistorprincipalsacramentalcelebrationoftheChurch,establishedbyJesusattheLastSupper,in
whichthemysteryofoursalvationthroughparticipationinthesacrificialdeathandgloriousresurrectionofChristisrenewedand
accomplished.Theword"Mass"comesfromtheLatinmissa,asitreferstothemissionorsendingforthofthefaithfulfollowingthe
celebration,sothattheymayfulfillGod'swillintheirdailylives.
Theessentialsignsofthesacramentarewheatbreadandgrapewine,onwhichtheblessingoftheHolySpiritisinvokedduringthe
SacrificeoftheMass,andthepriestpronouncesthewordsofconsecrationspokenbyJesusattheLastSupper:"Thisismybody...Thisis
thecupofmyblood..."(Matthew26:2628,Mark14:2224,1Corinthians11:2326).
Jesusdiedonceonthecrossinsacrificeforoursins(Hebrews9:2528).ButJesusispresentforalltime,asheistheeternalSonofGod.
Whathedidonceinhistoryalsothenexistsforalleternity.Whathappenedintimegoesbeyondtime.IntheheartofJesusheisalways
givinghimselftotheFatherforus,ashedidontheCross.WhenwecelebratetheMass,thesacrificeofthecross,thathappenedoncein
historybutispresentforalleternity,thatsamerealityismadepresentinmystery.1
ThebreadandwinethroughTransubstantiationbecometheBodyandBlood,SoulandDivinityofJesusChrist,andwereceivetheReal
PresenceofJesuswhenwereceiveHolyCommunion.Oursoulisnourished,helpingustobecomelikeChrist.TheEucharististheheart
andsourceofcommunitywithintheChurch.ReceivingHolyCommunionwithothersduringtheMassbringsunityoftheChurch,the
BodyofChrist(ICorinthians10:1617).
Thenhetookthebread,saidtheblessing,
brokeit,andgaveittothem,saying,
"Thisismybody,whichwillbegivenforyou
dothisinmemoryofme."
Andlikewisethecupaftertheyhadeaten,saying,
"Thiscupisthenewcovenantinmyblood,whichwillbeshedforyou."
GospelofLuke22:1920
"Iamthelivingbreadwhichcamedownfromheaven
ifanyoneeatsofthisbread,hewillliveforever
andthebreadwhichIshallgiveforthelifeoftheworldismyflesh."
GospelofJohn6:51
ForIreceivedfromtheLordthatwhichIalsodeliveredtoyou,
thattheLordJesusinthenightinwhichHewasbetrayedtookbread
andwhenHehadgiventhanks,Hebrokeitandsaid,
"ThisisMybody,whichisforyoudothisinremembranceofMe."
InthesamewayHetookthecupalsoaftersupper,saying,
"ThiscupisthenewcovenantinMyblood
dothis,asoftenasyoudrinkit,inremembranceofMe."
Forasoftenasyoueatthisbreadanddrinkthecup,
youproclaimtheLord'sdeathuntilHecomes.
FirstLetterofSt.PaultotheCorinthians11:2326

CONFESSION
JesusChristgavehisApostlesthepowertoforgivesins.TheSacramentisalsoknownastheSacramentofConversion,Forgiveness,
Penance,orReconciliation.
DuringthepersecutionoftheRomanEmperorDecius(249251),manyChristianslefttheChurchratherthansuffermartyrdom.The
martyrSt.Cyprian,BishopofCarthage,allowedapostatestheSacramentofConfession,asrecordedinhisLetterDeLapsis(The
Lapsed)in251.
Thesacramentinvolvesthreesteps:thepenitent'scontritionorsorrowforhissins,theactualconfessiontoapriestandabsolution,and

thenpenanceorrestitutionforyoursins.Theexperienceleadsonetoaninteriorconversionoftheheart.Jesusdescribestheprocessof
conversionandpenanceintheParableoftheProdigalSon(Luke15:1124).
Thepenitentconfesseshissinstothepriestintheconfessional,andthepriestthengivesabsolutiontotherepentantsoul,makingthe
SignoftheCross,andsayingthewords"Iabsolveyoufromyoursins,inthenameoftheFather,andoftheSon,andoftheHolySpirit."
ItisChristJesusthroughthepriestwhoforgivesyoursins.Asthepenitentmustmakerestitutionorsatisfactionforhissins,thepriest
givesapenancetotheforgivenone,usuallyprayer,fasting,oralmsgiving(IPeter4:8).
Confessiongivesoneawonderfulsenseoffreedomandpeacefromtheburdenofsin.Sorrow,affliction,andadesireforconversion
followtheremorseofsininthosewithacontriteheart.SomebelievewecanconfessoursinsprivatelytoGod.Butmanisasocialbeing.
Thehumblingexperienceofunburdeningyoursoultosomeone,ofexposingyourweaknature,andthenbeingacceptedforwhoyouare
andwhatyouhavedonebyhavingyoursinsforgivenbringsoneanincrediblesenseofrelief!Theexperiencebringsasenseofgratitude
toourgenerousLordforhislove,compassionandmercy.
AsoneistobeinthestateofgracebeforereceivingHolyCommunion,thechildmakeshisfirstConfessionbeforehisfirstCommunion,
generallyattheageofreason.HerearethreeScripturalreferencesonPenance(SeealsoMatthew16:1819,Luke24:4647,Acts2:38):
"WhenJesussawtheirfaith,hesaidtotheparalytic,
Child,yoursinsareforgiven..."
"ButthatyoumayknowthattheSonofManhasauthoritytoforgivesinsonearth,"
hesaidtotheparalytic,"Isaytoyou,rise,pickupyourmat,andgohome."
GospelofMark2:110
"Jesussaidtothemagain,"Peacebewithyou.AstheFatherwhosentme,evensoIsendyou.
Andwhenhehadsaidthis,hebreathedonthem,andsaidtothem,
"ReceivetheHolySpirit.Ifyouforgivethesinsofany,theyareforgiven.
Ifyouretainthesinsofany,theyareretained."
GospelofJohn20:2123
"AndallthisisfromGod,whohasreconciledustohimselfthroughChristandgivenustheministryofreconciliation."
TheSecondLetterofPaultotheCorinthians5:18

THEANOINTINGOFTHESICK
TheAnointingoftheSickistheSacramentgiventoseriouslyillChristians,andthespecialgracesreceivedunitethesickpersontothe
passionofChrist.TheSacramentconsistsoftheanointingoftheforehandandhandsofthepersonwithblessedoil,withtheminister
saying,"ThroughthisholyanointingmaytheLordinhisloveandmercyhelpyouwiththegraceoftheHolySpirit.MaytheLordwho
freesyoufromsinsaveyouandraiseyouup."
OrigenofEgyptinhisHomiliesonLeviticusdescribedAnointingforhealingthesickandforgivenessofsinsinthethirdcentury.St.
ThomasAquinasstatedthatExtremeUnction,astheAnointingoftheSickwasoncecalled,is"aspiritualremedy,sinceitavailsforthe
remissionofsins,andthereforeisasacrament"(James5:15).TheecclesialeffectofthissacramentisincorporationintothehealingBody
ofChrist,withaspiritualhealingofthesoul,andattimeshealingofthebody.Thesacramentalgracehelpsustoacceptsicknessby
unitingourselvestothepassionanddeathofChrist(Colossians1:24)andthegraceeventoacceptdeathifthatisGod'swill.
Jesushealedtheblindandthesick,aswellascommissionedhisApostlestodoso,asinthefollowingsources.
"Sothey(theTwelveApostles)wentoffandpreachedrepentance.
Theydroveoutmanydemons,andtheyanointedwithoilmanywhoweresickandcuredthem."
GospelofMark6:1213
"NowIrejoiceinmysufferingsforyoursake,andinmyflesh
IcompletewhatislackinginChristsafflictionsforthesakeofhisbody,thatis,thechurch."
St.PaultotheColossians1:24
"Isanyamongyousick?LethimcallforthepresbytersoftheChurch,andletthemprayoverhim,
anointinghimwithoilinthenameoftheLord
andtheprayeroffaithwillsavethesickman,andtheLordwillraisehimup
andifhehascommittedsins,hewillbeforgiven."
James5:1415

HOLYORDERS
TheSacramentofHolyOrdersbeganwiththeLastSupper,whenChristJesuscommissionedhisApostlestocontinuetheEucharistic
celebration.HealsocommissionedhisApostlesfollowingtheResurrectiontobehiswitnessestotheendsoftheearth(Matthew28:19
20,Acts1:8).ThomasAquinasmakesthepointthatonlyChrististhetruepriest,theothersservingashisministers(Hebrews8:4).St.
Ignatius,BishopofSyriaaround100AD,inhisLettertotheMagnesians(6),establishedthehierarchyofbishop,priest,anddeaconfor
theearlyChurches,thepatternwhichstillexiststoday.BishopsarethesuccessorsoftheApostles,andpriestsanddeaconsarehis
assistantsinrenderingservice.MenareordainedtothepriesthoodintheCatholicandOrthodoxChurches,asthesacramentconfersupon
thepriestthecharactertoactinthepersonofChristinpersonaChristi.
HolyOrdersisthesacramentofApostolicministry.AsinthePastoralEpistles,theriteconsistsoftheBishop'slayingonofhandsonthe
headofthepriestcandidatewiththeconsecratingprayeraskingGodfortheoutpouringoftheHolySpiritforthegiftsoftheministry.
Therearethreedimensionstoministry,thatofBishop,Priesthood,andtheDiaconate.SeeMatthew16:1819,John21:1517,Romans
10:1415,2Timothy1:6,andTitus1:5aswellasthefollowing:
"Dothisinmemoryofme."
GospelofLuke22:19and1Corinthians11:25
"Nowbesolicitousforyourselvesandforthewholeflockinwhich
theHolySpirithasappointedyouasbishopstopasturetheChurchofGod,
whichHepurchasedwithhisownblood."
ActsoftheApostles20:28
Donotneglectthespiritualgiftwithinyou,
whichwasbestowedonyouthroughpropheticutterance
withthelayingonofhandsbythepresbytery.
FirstLetterofPaultoTimothy4:14
"Cometohim,tothatlivingstone,rejectedbymenbutinGod'ssightchosenandprecious
andlikelivingstonesbeyourselvesbuiltintoaspiritualhouse,tobeaholypriesthood,
toofferspiritualsacrificesacceptabletoGodthroughJesusChrist."
1Peter2:45

MARRIAGE
Theunionofamanandawomanisnatural.Thenaturallanguageofthehumanbodyissuchthatthemangivestothewomanandthe
womanreceivestheman.Theloveandfriendshipbetweenamanandawomangrowintoadesireformarriage.Thesacramentof
marriagegivesthecouplethegracetogrowintoaunionofheartandsoul,tocontinuelife,andtoprovidestabilityforthemselvesand
theirchildren.Childrenarethefruitandbondofamarriage.
Thebondofmarriagebetweenamanandawomanlastsallthedaysoftheirlives,andtheformoftheriteconsistsofthemutual
exchangeofvowsbyacouple,bothofwhomhavebeenbaptized.TheministerservesasawitnesstothecoupleintheWest,butserves
astheactualministeroftheriteintheEast.Thematterfollowslaterthroughconsummationofthemarriageact.
SacredScripturebeginswiththecreationofmanandwomanintheimageandlikenessofGod,andconcludeswithavisionofthe
"weddingfeastoftheLamb"(Revelation19:7,9).ThebondofmarriageiscomparedtoGod'sundyingloveforIsraelintheOld
Testament,andChrist'sloveforhisChurchintheNewTestamentoftheBible.
JesusstressesthesignificanceofthemarriagebondinhisMinistry(Matthew19:6,8).Theimportanceofmarriageissubstantiatedbythe
presenceofChristattheweddingfeastofCana,wherehebeganhispublicministryattherequestofhismotherMarybyperforminghis
firstmiracle(John2).ItistheApostlePaulwhocallsmatrimonyagreatsacramentormystery,andwhoidentifiesthemarriageofman
andwomanwiththeunityofChristandhisChurch.ThetheologianTertullian,thefirstLatinFatheroftheChurchatthebeginningofthe
thirdcenturyAD,wroteontheSacramentofMatrimony.
"Forthisreasonamanshallleavehisfatherandmotherandbejoinedtohiswife,
andthetwoshallbecomeoneflesh."
Genesis2:24
"(Jesus)saidinreply:
"HaveyounotreadthatHewhomademanfromthebeginningmadethemmaleandfemale?"
Matthew19:4

"Husbands,loveyourwives,evenasChristlovedtheChurch."
St.PaultotheEphesians5:25
"Thisisagreatmystery,butIspeakinreferencetoChristandthechurch.
Inanycase,eachoneofyoushouldlovehiswifeashimself,
andthewifeshouldrespectherhusband."
St.PaultotheEphesians5:3233

THESEVENSACRAMENTS
SACRAMENT MINISTER
Priest
Deacon
Other

BAPTISM

CONFIRMATION

EUCHARIST

CONFESSION
ANOINTINGOF
SICK
MARRIAGE

VISIBLERITE

SACRAMENTAL
EFFECT

Character(Seal)
Incorporationinto
BodyofChrist
MemberofChurch

ForgivenessofOriginalSin
Gracetoliveas
adoptedchildrenofGod

Character(Seal)
Powertowitness

GracetowitnessforChrist

PresenceofChrist
toeffectChurchUnity

Nourishmentofsoul
Forgivenessofvenialsin

Reconciliationwiththe
Church
Incorporationintohealing
Christ

ReturntoGrace
PeaceandSpiritualFormation
Healingofsoulandbody
GraceofAcceptance

Indissolublebond
ofmanandwoman:
asChristandChurch

Gracetolivemarriedlife

(m)Pouringofwater
(f)NameofTrinity

(m)Impositionof
hands
Bishop
signing&anointing
(f)Prayer
(f)Wordsof
Consecration
PriesttoPope
(m)forBreadand
Wine
(m)Confessionofsin
Priest
(f)Absolution
(m)AnointingbyPriest
Priest
(f)Prayer(James5:14)
Spouses

ECCLESIAL
EFFECT

(m)matterelements
(f)formwords

(f)Exchangeofvows
andmutualconsent
(m)Consummation

Character(Seal)
inpersonaChristi
Ministerialpowers
GraceofHolySpiritto
forBodyofChrist
exercisepowersworthily
CourtesyofFatherGilesDimockOP,Director,DominicanHouseofStudies,Washington,D.C.

HOLYORDERS

Bishop

(m)Layingonofhands
(f)Preface

REFERENCES
1Fr.GilesDimockOP,DominicanHouseofStudies,Washington,D.C.TheSacraments.LecturesandNotes,FranciscanUniversity,
Steubenville,Ohio,2001.
2NavarreRSVBibleSeries.FourCourtsPress,Dublin,Ireland,19992005.
3TheCatechismoftheCatholicChurch.SecondEdition.LibreriaEditriceVaticana,2000.
4St.ThomasAquinas.SummaTheologica,ThirdPartTheSacraments,translatedbytheFathersoftheEnglishDominicanProvince,
1912ChristianClassics,Allen,Texas.
5PopeJohnPaulII.OntheEucharistinitsRelationshiptotheChurch.EncyclicalLetterofApril17,2003.PaulineBooksandMedia,
Boston.
6TheSecondVaticanCouncil.LumenGentiumChrististheLightoftheWorld.PaulineBooksandMedia,Boston,published
November21,1964.
7PopeJohnPaulII.TheTheologyoftheBody.PaulineBooksandMedia,Boston,1997.
8HenriDeLubac.TheSplendoroftheChurch.EditionsMontaigne,Paris,1953.PublishedbyIgnatiusPress,SanFrancisco,1986,1999.
9JosephCardinalRatzinger.CalledtoCommunion:UnderstandingtheChurchToday.IgnatiusPress,SanFrancisco,1996.
10PopeBenedictXVI.ChurchFathers.LibreriaEditriceVaticana.IgnatiusPress,SanFrancisco,2007.
Jesus
Mary

TheBible