4.

Introduction

The analysis of the data present in this chapter is based on the collected of data from the
questionnaire finding surveys. Summary of the results and discussion presented below are based on
the analysis of the construction accidents reports by DOSH, SOCSO and CIDB in the range of year
2010 to 2015 .
The frequency of distribution and average analysis ( mean score ) method is been mentioned
in the methodology part from each of respondents which been apply to find out the data of analysis.
The objectives is said to be achieved and been highlighted into a tabulation data of indicator. The
findings presented in the research provide basic and justify the conclusion to be made.

4.2

Questionnaire Surveys

The surveys has been planned and start conducted by July 2016 until September of 2016.
There are 30 questionnaire were distributed and only 25 sets of the questionnaire replied by the
respondents from each of the construction site project participants. The target was determined by
the indicator that has been ticked and rate by the respondents which is based on the level causes of
accidents and implementation of safety management.

4.3

Domographic of Respondents

This section explained more about the Section A in questionnaire whereby the background of
each of respondents with the general infromation of them. The general information which included
the present designation such as quantity surveyor, engineer, client, contractor, architecture and etc.
The background of each of the respondents is important in order of the experience year being a
worker and experience involve about safety at construction site. In addition, the background may
help to enable and ensure the quality data collected.

4.3.1 Title of Present Designation of Respondents

Below is the tabulation of respondents that involved in construction site during the questionnaire
were distributed :

No

Title of Present
Designation

Quantity
n = 22

Percentage
(%)

Engineer

18.18

Quantity Surveyor

9.09

Geologist

9.09

Site Supervisor

13.64

Project Manager

9.09

Contractor

13.64

Safety Officer

9.09

Consultant

18.18

Table 4.1 : Percentage of designation

Based on the questionnaire findings that has been prepared before, there are 22 sets of
questionnaire that has been answered by the professionals respondents from the three different
construction site surveys. The respondents consists of different designation which are engineers,
consultants, quantity surveyors, safety officers, contractors and etc.
By referring the table 4.1 above, the engineer and consultants shows the high percentage of
designation which at 18.18% from 100%. This followed by site supervisor and contractors at
13.64%. The least one are quantity surveyor, geologist, project manager and safety officer which
have the same percentage at 9.09%.
The respondent's involvement in this survey are knowledgeable in answering the
questionnaire and rate it based on their own understanding. This shows that the mediation process
and are much relevant to the objectives of research.

4.4 Accident Causes and The Implementation of Safety Management Indicator

4.4.1 :
In section B of the questionnaire, its explain more on the causes of accidents that based on
the job site conditions and unsafe equipment and materials. Meanwhile, in section C included the
implementation of safety management that based on the worker's participation and safety
prevention and control system. The respondents were asked to rate based on experiences in
construction site. The level is important where it can determined by the providing of likert's scale.
The following rating is based on the table below :

Strongly disagree

Disagree

Slightly agree

Agree

Strongly Agree

4.4.2

: Analysis of The Importance of Likert's Scale

Based on Section B Causes of Accidents

Frequency
No

Accident Causes
1

Average
5 Index

Level of
Importance

JOB SITE CONDITIONS

1

Excessive Noise

3.27

Moderate
Importance

Slippery and muddy work surface

3.81

Important

Collapse of temporary structure

3.68

Important

Poor ventilation

3.05

Modearte
Importance

Poor illumination

3.32

Moderate
Importance

Lack of edge protection

3.45

Moderate
Importance

Hole and edge

3.5

Important

Limitation of working area

3.23

Moderate
Importance

Poor equipment and waste material

arrangement

3.01

Moderate
Importance

10

Poor construction materials arrangement

3.05

Moderate
Importance

UNSAFE EQUIPMENTS AND MATERIALS

1

Without safety devices

3.45

Moderate
Impotance

Equipment failure

3.59

Important

Not ergonomics

10

3.45

Moderate
Importance

Operating equipment without authority

10

3.18

Moderate
Importance

Low tools mantainence

11

3.5

Important

Using defective tools or equipment

3.36

Moderate

Importance
7

Lack of protection in material storage

10

3.41

Moderate
Importance

Mechanical failure of machinery

3.59

Important

Lack of warning system

3.59

Important

10

Unsafe facilities and equipment

3.64

Important

Mean

Level of
Importance

Bases on Section C The Implementation of Safety Management

Frequency
No

Implementation of Safety Management

1

WORKERS PARTICIPATION
1

Identify of workers based on safe &

unsafe practices on site.

6 12

3.91

Important

Workers in safety performance evaluated

6 10

Important

Emloyees assigned so that they can do

their jobs in safe manner

6 10

Important

Safety orientation given to the employer

and employees involved

4 12

3.86

Important

Site safety meeting provided by the

project manager of safety officer once or
twice a month

4.13

Important

Follow the safety rules of do and don't in

safety performance

12

4.5

Most
Important

Workers attitudes regarding safe work

pratices

2 14

4.09

Important

Workers management relationship in the

construction site

4 15

3.95

Important

Safety policy of the company by

employer

3 18

3.91

Important

10

Adaptation of workers to work

environment in construction site

2 15

4.14

Important

SAFETY PREVENTION & CONTROL SYSTEM

1

Identify based on safe unsafe practices 0

on site.

13

4.23

Important

Wokers safety performance evaluated.

12 19

6.5

Most
Important

Employees assigned so that they can do 0

their jobs in safe manner.

10

4.18

Important

Employees given the safety orientation

14

4.36

Important

Present of site safety meeting provided 0

by the project manager or safety officer.

10 10

4.36

Important

Employees follow the safety rules of do 0

and don't in safety performance.

11 10

4.41

Important

Attitudes of workers towards safe work 0

practices.

10 10

4.36

Important

Workers management relationship

11

4.32

Important

Safety policy of the company by 0

employer

11

4.23

Important

10

Workers
adaptation
to
working 0
environment in construction site.

13

4.32

Important

4.4.3

No of
questionnaire

: Analysis based on Section B Causes of accidents

Job Site Condition

Average
Index

Ranking

Slippery and muddy work surface

3.81

Collapse of temporary structure

3.68

Hole and edge

3.51

Lack of edge protection

3.45

Table 4.2
Figure 4.1
By referring in table 4.2 and figure 4.1, its shows the questionnaire surveys at construction site
based on job site condition at Bangi, Selangor. From the data of average index above, it can be said
that mostly the respondents stated that slippery and muddy work surface at construction site has the
ranking of number 1 with average index of 3.81. This result of analysis of average index followed
by collapse of temporary structure (3.68), hole and edge (3.51) and lack of edge protection (3.45).
This findings and result shows that the causes of accidents is mostly based on the places
condition whereby safety of officer have to take an important role to avoid any accidents to occur at
construction site. Based on the Act OSHA 1916, says that working at safety condition in
construction site is needed to avoid any accidents and those the employers and employees has
always to makesure their environment are really safe. In addition, sufficient safety officers on reach
of site has been well appointed so that every accidents and near misses can be investigated
appropriately at any construction site.

No of
questionnaire

Unsafe Equipment and Material

Average
Index

Ranking

10

Unsafe facilities in equipment

3.81

Equipment failure

3.68

Low tools mantainence

3.51

Without safety devices

3.45

Table 4.3
(Figure 4.2)
Based on table 4.3 and figure 4.2 shows that the unsafe equipments and materials at
construction site rank based on what respondents answered. Most of the respondents stated that they
do perform in regular safety base on the unsafe facilities and equipment which is the number 1 rank
at 3.64 of average index. This followed by rank number 2 equiment failure (3.59), rank number 3
low tools maintainance (3.5) and without safety devices (3.45).
This analysis of the data shows that quality facilities and equipment is required in order to
avoid any accident occur at construction site. Futhermore, good equipment management must
incorporate a carefully planned and well- executed program, where all personnel, both understand
are based on the workers responsibilities.
Majority of the respondent agreed that inappropiate using of equiment, unqualified person,
lack of training and missused all the facilities and equiments is to be considered as a major causes
of accidents. To overcome this problem, the contractor should provide a qualified person that able to
operate and work on each of the equipment. In addition, this to be said the workers should be
provided with the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to avoid any accident occurs.

4.4.4 : Analysis based on Section C The Implementation of Safety Management

No of
questionnaire

Workers Participation

Average
Index

Ranking

Follow the safety rules of do and don't in

safety performance

4.51

10

Adaptation of workers to work environment

in construction site

4.14

Site safety meeting provided by the project

manager of safety officer once or twice a
month

4.13

Workers attitudes regarding safe work

practices
Table 4.4

4.09

(Figure 4.3)
By referring to the table 4.4 and figure 4.3 above, shows that workers participation on
implementation of safety management. This data findings shows the result that follow safety rules
of do and don't in safety performance has the highest ranking at 4.5 and followed by others based on
the table about out of 10 types of questionnaire. Workers participation is to required in order to be
always in safe condition among the workers at construction site.
Safety management involves unique challenge whereby characteristics of the industry
such as provide a good and dynamic work environment. In order to implement safety practices at
construction site, the company must provide a safety policy bases on the rules and regulation that
relate with the terms of OSHA and DOSH. The policy of company is to conduct its operation in a
manner that will ensure reasonable practices of safety, health and welfare at work for the
employees. In addition, it also to ensures that the prevention of risk to employees and properties
comply fully with all relevant laws and regulation.

No of
questionnaire

Safety Prevention and Control System

Average
Index

Ranking

Works safety performance evaluated

6.52

Employess follow the safety rules of do and

don't in safety performance

4.41

Employees given the orientation

4.36

Workers management relationship

4.32

Table 4.5
(Figure 4.4)
As can be seen on table 4.5 and figure 4.4 shows the ranking of safety prevention and
control system of the implementation of safety management in construction site. Based on that data
analysis from the questionnaire surveys at each of the construction site, it stated from the
respondents are strongly agreed that works safety performance evaluated is the highest ranking at
6.52 of average index.
It can be said that, site safety inspection is required at any construction site in order to
fullfill the requirement of safety prevention and control system. Site safety inspection is compulsory
practice that needs to be conducted to ensure the safety practices at the construction site are running
smoothly. Safety offices must always doing the inspection such as conduct weekly safety inspection
by having a site safety walk. Safety officer can straight away take immediate action for workers
who fail to comply with the safety regulations. Futhermore, the safety officer will fill in a checklist
which includes with score system to indicate the level of safety implementing at the construction
site. This to be said that the objectives on this research is achieved in order To evaluate the
implementation and effectiveness of safety programme.