Annotated Bibliography

Curt Flood & Free Agency

Sophie Dorazio, Tyler Grippo, Jeremy Contreras
Primary:
"#103 Curt Flood." The 1964 Topps Blog. N.p., 03 Jan. 2010. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This source displayed pictures of Curt Flood which were very useful during the
construction of the webpage. This source allowed us to browse pictures of Flood and use
them when necessary.
"13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery (1865)." Our Documents -. N.p.,
n.d. Web.
The thirteenth amendment of the United States abolished slavery across the United
States. However, Curt Flood felt as if he and his fellow players were being treated as
slaves. This amendment helped to support his argument and is necessary to understand
order to fully comprehend Curt Floods protest.
BajaBoggs. "Curt Flood." YouTube. YouTube, 26 Feb. 2011. Web.
This interview gave me better insight into the thoughts of Curt Flood and more of an
understanding of his battle. He describes the reserve clause and how he feels the MLB are
violating their rights through this clause.
"Baller Alert." Baller Alert. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This source shows first hand accounts on free agents and the teams they were placed on.
This allows us to analyze how free agency was necessary.
"Baseball's Famous Player." N.p., n.d. Web.
This primary source displays quotes from major baseball players and the pictures allow
us to visualize who these men are.
"Baseball Hall." Baseballhall.org. N.p., n.d. Web.
This source was very significant to my project because it was a first hand account on
players entering the Hall Of Fame. This allowed us to analyze how significant Curt Flood
was during the 1970s.
Bowie Kuhn." Wip. N.p., n.d. Web
This source shows a picture of Bowie Kuhn, the baseball commissioner. Curt Flood
wrote his letter to him, pleading for free agency.
By Mentioning Some, One Risks Unintended Omission of Others Equally Celebrated.
"FindLaw's United States Supreme Court Case and Opinions." Findlaw. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov.
2016.

This source was very significant while doing my project due to the fact that it allowed us
to analyze the supreme court's decision on the Curt vs. Kuhn case. This court case
allowed us to see how racism was a very significant aspect during this time period.

Collier, Jamal. "Who Are the Yankees' Most Tradeable Assets?" Sports on Earth. N.p., 25 Nov.
2015. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This source shows statistics on baseball players which allows us to determine how
significant they were.
"Consumer/Household Liquidity - Special Report." Shadow Government Statistics RSS. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This source showed us statistics on people who were unemployed and were a different
race. This was very useful when analyzing Curts life after he lost his job/profession.
"Curt Flood and Free Agency The End of the Reserve Clause." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web.
12 Dec. 2016.
This video shows the supreme court reporter on the day of the ruling that Curt had not
won his fight for free agency.
Curt Flood Letter to Commissioner Bowie Kuhn." Curt Flood and the End of the Reserve Clause.
N.p., 14 Dec. 2013. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
This primary source allows us to see what exactly Curt Flood wrote to Bowie Kuhn on
behalf of his fight for free agency. This letter, written by Curt Flood shows how he is
taking a stand not only for himself but for people of all races interested in free agency.
"Curt Flood's Interview with Howard Cosell." YouTube. YouTube, 05 Apr. 2014. Web.
In this interview Flood states how a paid slave is still a slave. Even though he is paid to
play baseball he is still being treated unfairly and that is the point he is trying to drive
home in this interview.
Curt Flood's Letter to Bowie Kuhn." Major League Baseball. N.p., 15 Mar. 2007. Web. 03 Nov.
2016.
This primary source is a photo of the letter Curt Flood wrote to Bowie Kuhn which was
than rejected when he received his response two weeks later. This allows us to visualize
this handwritten letter.
"Curt Flood Quotes & Sayings." Curt Flood Quotes & Sayings. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This website is a primary source. This website gives us famous quotes which show us
Floods personality and life after his career ended.
"Curt Flood: The Free Agent." TheShadowLeague.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This photo allows us to see Curt Flood on the day of his court case. This allows us to
analyze how he was dressed and how he is displaying himself at the time of his case.
Flood v. Kuhn 407 U.S. 258 (1972)." Justia Law. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.

This primary source is a written account of the court case from a different court
stenographer which shows different biased opinions on Curt Flood's free agency fight.

"Flood v. Kuhn." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.

This website gives us the Flood v. Kuhn court case. This is significant to our project
because it allows us to read over the case and better understand what is going on.
ISCOTUS. "Baseball and the Supreme Court: Remembering Flood v. Kuhn - ISCOTUS Now."
ISCOTUS Now. N.p., 04 Apr. 2014. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This source listed every person on the Flood v. Kuhn case with a picture of the person as
well. This was very helpful in determining the bias of the court for this case.
Justice Sotomayor Takes Swing At Famed Baseball Case." NPR. NPR, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
This primary source is very significant when evaluating the Curt vs. Kuhn case. This first
hand account allows us to visualize the courtroom and how people felt about the
thoughts/ideas which were being thrown around. (Historical Context).
LawSchoolCaseBriefs.net. "Flood v. Kuhn Case Brief." Law School Case Briefs. N.p., 01 Jan.
1970. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
This stenographer took specific notes which allows us to depict how the judges, Curt
Flood, Bowie Kuhn, and other court officials were acting during this strenuous court
case.
"Letter to Curtis C. Flood from Bing Devine, General Manager of the St. Louis Cardinals
Notifying Flood That His Contract Was Assigned to Philadelphia." National Archives and
Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration, 19 June 2009. Web. 07
Nov. 2016.
This source is the letter to Curt Flood notifying him that his contract was transferred to
Philadelphia and shows how he had no say in this.

National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration,
n.d. Web.
This letter from Flood to Kuhn, who was the commissioner of baseball at the time, is a
great primary source to understand Floods view on the issue. He clearly states his
discontent with the current situation and what he feels is necessary to change.
St. Louis Cardinals 2, San Francisco Giants 0." Retrosheet Boxscore:. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov.
2016.
This primary source, data sheet, from one of Curt Floods baseball games allows us to see
how well of a baseball player he was. These statistics show that Curt Flood taking a stand
was necessary due to his ability to play the game.

"The Unappreciated Curt Flood." The Unappreciated Curt Flood | The National Pastime
Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This photo showed the recognition ceremony of Curt Flood and how he was presented
with many awards. This was very useful to this project because it displayed the way
people treated Curt Flood after free agency was gained.
"Today in Photo History - 2000: Alex Rodriguez Introduced after Signing $252 Million Contract
with Rangers | Photos | Dallas News." Dallas News. N.p., 12 Dec. 2012. Web. 04 Dec. 2016.
This photo allowed me to put an example of a player who earned a lot of money due to
Curt Floods efforts to gain free agency.
"TOP 18 QUOTES BY CURT FLOOD | A-Z Quotes." A-Z Quotes. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec.
2016.
This website is a primary source. This website gives us famous quotes which show us
Floods personality and life after his career ended. This gives us an inside view on Curt
Floods character.
"WILLisms.com: November 2005 Archives." WILLisms.com: November 2005 Archives. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This photo displays playing cards and statistics of Curt Flood which allows us to analyze
how remarkable his career in baseball was.

Secondary:
@baseball_ref. "Curt Flood Statistics and History | Baseball-Reference.com." BaseballReference.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
This source allows us to see how Curt Flood progressed over the years and how his
ability to play baseball improved. This is very important because it shows us why other
agencies wanted to sign him.
87cascas. "I Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound." YouTube. YouTube, 17 Nov. 2012. Web.
12 Dec. 2016.
This secondary source allows one to listen to a song relating to Curt Flood and the time
period he was involved with as the reader reads the website page.
"1960's Pop Culture US2." YouTube. YouTube, 15 June 2015. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.
This source is a video that shows different aspects of the 1960s. It gives a summary of
the historical context at the time of Curt Floods fight against the reserve clause.
Acocella, By Nick. "ESPN Classic - Flood of Free Agency." ESPN Classic - Flood of Free
Agency. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.

This source is a summary on all of the important information one would need to know to
become familiar with this fight. Flood of Free Agency allows for us to gain background
knowledge on this topic.

By His Own Account the Relationship Was Completely Platonic. "Curt Flood." Society for
American Baseball Research. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
This source expresses reasons why Curt Flood wanted free agency and how it would help
him. This also expresses how MLB was impacted in both negative and positive ways
because of this case.
Column, Weekly. "Legacy of a Well-paid Slave." CNNMoney. Cable News Network, n.d. Web.
This helped me to see more long term impacts that Curt Flood left on the game of
baseball from free agency to other aspects.
Curt Flood Challenges MLB'S Reserve Clause." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d.
Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
This secondary source demonstrates how Curt Flood negatively impacted Major League
Baseball and how this case caused many controversial discussions over time.

"Curt Flood Files Historic Lawsuit against Major League Baseball." History.com. A&E
Television Networks, n.d. Web
This source helped me by furthering my understanding of the topic as a whole. This
allowed me to how he went from showing his disapproval of the laws to actually doing
something about it.
Curt Flood Is Dead at 59; Outfielder Defied Baseball." N.p., n.d. Web.
This secondary source is an excerpt which expresses how Curt Flood, taking a stand, had
an impact on society and helped America earn what they always deserved. This allows us
to see the impact these court cases had on people of different ethnicities.
Curt Flood and Free Agency The End of the Reserve Clause." The History Rat. N.p., 13 Dec.
2013. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
This secondary source allows us to analyze how people react to this fight for free agency
and this shows us how Flood taking a stand has a huge impact on reality.
"ESPN.com." ESPN.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2016
This source gave us many facts about Curt Flood and statistics about his career which
helped us to complete the honorary statistics portion.
Federal Trade Commision. "The Antitrust Laws." Federal Trade Commission. N.p., n.d. Web.
Curt Flood believed that the reserve clause violated the antitrust laws. I needed to know
what the antitrust laws were and this source helped to describe them and for me to
understand them.

History.com Staff. "The 1960s." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2010. Web. 12 Dec.
2016.
This source allowed us to gather more historical context in the time of Curt Flood. This
source told us about the issue and also some problems that occured with it such as the
impact of Curt being black.
How Curt Flood Changed Baseball and Killed His Career in the Process." The Atlantic. Atlantic
Media Company, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
This source allows us to see how sometimes fighting for what you believe in isn't always
in the best interest for yourself but it is for the people around you. This source allows us
to analyze and evaluate Curt Floods personality, how he was willing to give up his career
in favor of other people around him.
Moore, Terence. "Terence Moore: Curt Flood's Impact on Baseball's Evolution Undeniable."
Major League Baseball. N.p., 25 Mar. 2014. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
This source allows us to see how baseball has changed over time due to Curt Floods
actions and fight for free agency. This expresses how significant his actions were.
Oz, Mike. "Lloyd McClendon Fires Back at Yankees Hitting Coach Who Dissed Robinson
Cano." Yahoo! Yahoo!, 18 Feb. 2014. Web. 04 Dec. 2016.
This source demonstrated how players all throughout the MLB were discriminated and
didnt have all of their freedoms granted to them.
"Rangers, A-Rod Stunned Baseball 15 Years Ago." ESPN.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Dec. 2016.
This source allowed me to analyze and interpret how baseball has changed over the past
few decades due to the fight for free agency and the termination of the reserve clause.
"Reserve Clause - BR Bullpen | Baseball-Reference.com." Baseball-Reference.com. N.p., n.d.
Web.
To fully understand what Curt Flood was fighting against, you need to understand the
opposition. He was trying to get rid of the reserve clause and this helps you to fully
understand this.
Set Links." The Trading Card Database - 1963 Jell-O Baseball - Gallery. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec.
2016.
This source also gave us statistics to assist with the honorary statistics page, and showed
Curts excellence in the sport as a player before the case.