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Destruction of the World's Forest is Justified by Human Need for Land and Food
Worlds Forest plays an important role to the environment on regulating climates and
provide habitat for many species on earth. They also provide shelter and food for many different
types of plants and animals. Nowadays, Threes are cut down for many reasons such as, clear land
to make space to build new houses, the trees which are cut down are sold and they are made into
paper and furniture etc. But, the main reasons because human need for land and food. From this
situation the forest come destruction. This issue is important to discuss because if we do not keep
forest as a green natural resources destroyed, we will face many serious consequences such as
global warming, disaster or even extinction. According to the world resources institute the forest
has lost a half of its forest cover. Despite a number of initiatives to stop forest destruction the
world continues to lose about 15 million hectares of forest every year. As we know that,
everyday human is always growing. our need for land and food is growing along with our
population too. This essay will argue that destruction of the world's forest is justified by human
need for land and food.
Forests are natural resources that can be renewed. However, if it has reached a certain
limit of the forest will have difficulties to renew themselves. It took hundreds of years to restore
the original condition. Logging activities on an ongoing basis will damage the ecosystem in it. A
wide variety of flora and fauna will become extinct. It all happened because of human greed.

Facts prove that Indonesia is a developing country which has great poverty. Poor people
in Indonesia reached 30 million. The average of these poor people depend on nature, especially
the people who live in the area around the forest. Thus, it makes the forest becomes very
important position in the public eye.

Forests also been used as a dependent by some people. Many people who are dependent
to the natural resources that exist in the forest. They scour the woods in search of food and
increase income. It would be worse if the impact of the exploitation (collection of forest
resources) that do not coupled with action renewal.

The forest regularly saves our global food supply by offering new,
disease-resistant crops. Although we have sampled only a tiny
fraction of the potential foods that tropical forests offer, they already
have a profound influence on our diet. An astounding number of
fruits and vegetables (bananas, citrus, cassava, avocado), nuts
(cashews, brazil nuts), drinks (coffee, tea), oils (palm, coconut),
flavorings (cocoa, vanilla, sugar, spices) and other foods originated
in and around the rainforest.
If we are not careful though, our appetites for these products could
destroy the source from which they came as unsustainable farming
methods continue to be a major cause of rainforest destruction and
pollution worldwide. We can enjoy the rainforest food basket if we
support Earth-friendly farminga balanced agricultural approach
that may draw on both local farming traditions and cutting-edge
science.
Medicine

Many of the Western medicines that we use today are derived from
plants, and many more may have pharmaceutical properties.
Tropical forests have given us chemicals to treat or cure
inflammation, rheumatism, diabetes, muscle tension, surgical
complications, malaria, heart conditions, skin diseases, arthritis,
glaucoma and hundreds of other maladies.
Homes and Offices

Tropical forests yield some of the most beautiful and valuable

woods in the world, such as teak, mahogany, rosewood, balsa,
sandalwood and countless lesser-known species. These woods
surround us at home, in shopping malls and in offices. Many are
vital to our industries. But only recently has the industrialized world
realized the limits to timber extraction. Just like agriculture, logging
can either nurture or destroy an ecosystem. It is up to us to support
environmentally responsible logging and promote smarter wood
production and consumption around the world.
After all, a healthy forest can provide a lot more than wood. Tropical
forest fibers are found in rugs, mattresses, ropes and strings,
fabrics, industrial processes and more. Tropical forest oils, gums
and resins are used in insecticides, rubber products, fuel, paint,
varnish and wood finishing products. And tropical oils are key
ingredients in cosmetics, soaps, shampoos, perfumes, disinfectants
and detergents.
"Deforestation, in other words, is an expression of social injustice "
- Marcus Colchester
According to Professor Norman Myers, one of the foremost authorities on rates of
deforestation in tropical forests, "the annual destruction rate seems set to accelerate yet
further, and could well double in another decade" (Myers 1992).
As Myers points out, "we still have half of all tropical forests that ever existed". The struggle
to save the world's rainforests continues, and there is a growing worldwide concern about
the issue. In order to save rainforests, we need to know why they are being destroyed.
Nobody knows exactly how much of the world's rainforests have already been destroyed and
continue to be razed each year. Data is often imprecise and subject to differing

interpretations. However, it is obvious that the area of tropical rainforest is diminishing and
the rate of tropical rainforest destruction is escalating worldwide, despite increased
environmental activism and awareness. A 1992 study by the Food and Agriculture
Organisation (FAO) placed the global rate of tropical deforestation at 17 million ha. per year.
A study by the World Resources Institute (WRI) suggests that the figure could be as high as
20.4 million ha. per year.

http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/background/causes.htm

Deforestation is clearing Earth's forests on a massive scale, often resulting in damage to the quality of the land.
Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but swaths the size of Panama are lost each and
every year.
The worlds rain forests could completely vanish in a hundred years at the current rate of deforestation.
Forests are cut down for many reasons, but most of them are related to money or to peoples need to provide
for their families.The biggest driver of deforestation is agriculture. Farmers cut forests to provide more room for
planting crops or grazing livestock. Often many small farmers will each clear a few acres to feed their families
by cutting down trees and burning them in a process known as slash and burn agriculture.
Logging operations, which provide the worlds wood and paper products, also cut countless trees each year.
Loggers, some of them acting illegally, also build roads to access more and more remote forestswhich leads
to further deforestation. Forests are also cut as a result of growing urban sprawl.
Not all deforestation is intentional. Some is caused by a combination of human and natural factors like wildfires
and subsequent overgrazing, which may prevent the growth of young trees.
Deforestation has many negative effects on the environment. The most dramatic impact is a loss of habitat for
millions of species. Seventy percent of Earths land animals and plants live in forests, and many cannot survive
the deforestation that destroys their homes.
Deforestation also drives climate change. Forest soils are moist, but without protection from sun-blocking tree
cover they quickly dry out. Trees also help perpetuate the water cycle by returning water vapor back into the
atmosphere. Without trees to fill these roles, many former forest lands can quickly become barren deserts.
Removing trees deprives the forest of portions of its canopy, which blocks the suns rays during the day and
holds in heat at night. This disruption leads to more extreme temperatures swings that can be harmful to plants
and animals.
Trees also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming. Fewer forests
means larger amounts of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphereand increased speed and severity of
global warming.
The quickest solution to deforestation would be to simply stop cutting down trees. Though deforestation rates
have slowed a bit in recent years, financial realities make this unlikely to occur.
A more workable solution is to carefully manage forest resources by eliminating clear-cutting to make sure that
forest environments remain intact. The cutting that does occur should be balanced by the planting of enough
young trees to replace the older ones felled in any given forest. The number of new tree plantations is growing
each year, but their total still equals a tiny fraction of the Earths forested land.

http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/globalwarming/deforestation-overview/

Deforestation: Facts, Causes & Effects

By Alina Bradford, Live Science Contributor | March 4, 2015 10:02pm ET

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A cleared forest in Riau province, Sumatra, Indonesia.

Credit: Alain Compost / WWF-Canon.

Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the

land available for other uses. An estimated 18 million acres (7.3 million
hectares) of forest, which is roughly the size of the country of Panama, are
lost each year, according to the United Nations' Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO).
Some other statistics:

Advertisement

About half of the world's tropical forests have been cleared (FAO)

Forests currently cover about 30 percent of the worlds land mass

(National Geographic)

Forest loss contributes between 6 percent and 12 percent of annual

global

carbon dioxide emissions (Nature Geoscience)

About 36 football fields worth of trees lost every minute (World

Wildlife Fund (WWF))

Location

Deforestation occurs around the world, though tropical rainforests are

particularly targeted. NASA predicts that if current deforestation levels
proceed, the world's rainforests may be completely in as little as 100
years. Countries with significant deforestation include Brazil, Indonesia,
Thailand, the Democratic Republic of Congo and other parts of Africa, and
parts of Eastern Europe, according to GRID-Arendal, a United Nations
Environment Program collaborating center. The country with the most
deforestation is Indonesia. Since the last century, Indonesia has lost at
least 15.79 million hectares of forest land, according to a study by US
University of Maryland and the World Resource Institute.
Though deforestation has increased rapidly in the past 50 years, it has
been practiced throughout history. For example, 90 percent of continental
United States indigenous forest has been removed since 1600. The World
Resources Institute estimates that most of the worlds remaining
indigenous forest is located in Canada, Alaska, Russia and the
Northwestern Amazon basin.

Causes
There are many causes of deforestation. The WWF reports that half of the
trees illegally removed from forests are used as fuel.
Some other common reasons are:

To make more land available for housing and urbanization

To harvest timber to create commercial items such as paper,

furniture and homes

To create ingredients that are highly prized consumer items, such as

the oil from palm trees

To create room for cattle ranching

Common methods of deforestation are burning trees and clear cutting.

These tactics leave the land completely barren and are controversial
practices.
Clear cutting is when large swaths of land are cut down all at once. A
forestry expert quoted by the Natural Resources Defense
Councildescribes clear cutting as "an ecological trauma that has no
precedent in nature except for a major volcanic eruption."
Burning can be done quickly, in vast swaths of land, or more slowly with
the slash-and-burn technique. Slash and burn agriculture entails cutting
down a patch of trees, burning them and growing crops on the land. The
ash from the burned trees provides some nourishment for the plants and
the land is weed-free from the burning. When the soil becomes less
nourishing and weeds begin to reappear over years of use, the farmers
move on to a new patch of land and begin the process again.

Deforestation in Brazil: Aerial view of a large soy field eating into the
tropical rainforest.
Credit: Frontpage Shutterstock

Deforestation and climate change

Deforestation is considered to be one of the contributing factors to global
climate change. According to Michael Daley, associate professor of
environmental science at Lasell College in Newton, Massachusetts, the
No. 1 problem caused by deforestation is the impact on the global carbon
cycle. Gas molecules that absorb thermal infrared radiation are
called greenhouse gases. If greenhouse gases are in large enough
quantity, they can force climate change, according to Daley. While oxygen
(O2) is the second most abundant gas in our atmosphere, it does not
absorb thermal infrared radiation, as greenhouse gases do. Carbon
dioxide (CO2) is the most prevalent greenhouse gas. In 2012,
CO2 accounted for about 82 percent of all U.S. greenhouse gas, according
to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Trees can help, though.
300 billion tons of carbon, 40 times the annual greenhouse gas emissions
from fossil fuels, is stored in trees, according to Greenpeace.

The deforestation of trees not only lessens the amount of carbon stored, it
also releases carbon dioxide into the air. This is because when trees die,
they release the stored carbon. According to the 2010 Global Forest
Resources Assessment, deforestation releases nearly a billion tons of
carbon into the atmosphere per year, though the numbers are not as high
as the ones recorded in the previous decade. Deforestation is the second
largest anthropogenic (human-caused) source of carbon dioxide to the
atmosphere, ranging between 6 percent and 17 percent. (Van Der Werf,
G. R. et al., 2009)
Carbon isn't the only greenhouse gas that is affected by deforestation.
Water vapor is also considered a greenhouse gas. "The impact of
deforestation on the exchange of water vapor and carbon dioxide
between the atmosphere and the terrestrial land surface is the biggest
concern with regard to the climate system," said Daley. Changes in their
atmospheric concentration will have a direct effect on climate.
Deforestation has decreased global vapor flows from land by 4 percent,
according to a study published by the National Academy of Sciences.
Even this slight change in vapor flows can disrupt natural weather
patterns and change current climate models.

Other effects of deforestation

Forests are complex ecosystems that affect almost every species on the
planet. When they are degraded, it can set off a devastating chain of
events both locally and around the world.
Loss of species: Seventy percent of the worlds plants and animals live
in forests and are losing their habitats to deforestation, according to
National Geographic. Loss of habitat can lead to species extinction. It also
has negative consequences for medicinal research and local populations
who rely on the animals and plants in the forests for hunting
and medicine.
Water cycle: Trees are important to the water cycle. They absorb rain fall
and produce water vapor that is released into the atmosphere. Trees also
lessen the pollution in water, according to the North Carolina State
University, by stopping polluted runoff. In the Amazon, more than half the

water in the ecosystem is held within the plants, according to the National
Geographic Society.
Soil erosion: Tree roots anchor the soil. Without trees, the soil is free to
wash or blow away, which can lead to vegetation growth problems. The
WWF states that scientists estimate that a third of the worlds arable land
has been lost to deforestation since 1960. After a clear cutting, cash crops
like coffee, soy and palm oil are planted. Planting these types of trees can
cause further soil erosion because their roots cannot hold onto the soil.
"The situation in Haiti compared to the Dominican Republic is a great
example of the important role forests play in the water cycle," Daley said.
Both countries share the same island, but Haiti has much less forest cover
than the Dominican Republic. As a result, Haiti has endured more extreme
soil erosion, flooding and landslide issues.
Life quality: Soil erosion can also lead to silt entering the lakes, streams
and other water sources. This can decrease local water quality and
contribute to poor health in populations in the area.

Counteracting deforestation
Many believe that to counter deforestation, people simply need to plant
more trees. Though a massive replanting effort would help to alleviate the
problems deforestation caused, it would not solve them all.

Reforestation would facilitate:

Restoring the ecosystem services provided by forests including

carbon storage, water cycling and wildlife habitat

Reducing the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Rebuilding wildlife habitats

Reforestation won't completely fix the damage, though. For example,

Daley points out that forests cannot sequester all of the carbon dioxide
humans are emitting to the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels
and a reduction in fossil fuel emissions. It is still necessary to avoid
buildup in the atmosphere. Reforestation will not help with extinction due
to deforestation, either. "Unfortunately, we have already diminished the

population of many species to such an extreme that they might not

recover, even with a massive reforestation effort," Daley told Live
Science.
In addition to reforestation, some other tactics are being taken to
counteract or slow deforestation. Some of them include shifting the
human population to a plant-based diet. This would lower the need for
land to be cleared for raising livestock.
Global Forest Watch has also initiated a project to counteract
deforestation through awareness. The organization uses satellite
technology, open data and crowdsourcing to detect and alert others of
deforestation. Their online community is also encouraged to share their
personal experiences and the negative effects of deforestation.
Additional reporting by Jessie Szalay, Live Science Contributor
Additional resources

National Geographic: Deforestation Overview

Facing the Future: Fast Facts About Deforestation

University of Michigan: Global Deforestation

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: State of

the World's Forests

National Resources Defense Council: What is Clear Cutting?

Editor's Recommendations

Tree Loss May Double Floods in Snowy Areas

Amazon Deforestation: Earth's Heart and Lungs Dismembered

The Lost Forests of America

WHY ARE THEY BEING DESTROYED?

In the past 50 years much of the rainforest in Africa and Asia has been destroyed. Large areas of rainforest are being cut
down, often in order to remove just a few logs, and rainforest is being destroyed at double the rate of all previous

estimates. Unfortunately this means that there is a very high rate of extinction, as the wildlife depending on the forest
dies with it.

CATTLE RANCHING
Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming, which supplies
cheap beef to North America, China and Russia. It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced, 200 square feet of
rainforest is destroyed. In the past 20 years Costa Rica has lost the majority of its forests to beef cattle ranching. This is
known as slash and burn farming and is believed to account for 50% of rainforest destruction. However, the land cannot
be used for long: the soil is of poor quality and, without the forest, quickly becomes very dry. The grass often dies after
only a few years and the land becomes a crusty desert. The cattle farmers then have to move on and destroy more
rainforest to create new cattle pastures.
Indigenous Indians also use "slash and burn" farming techniques, but on a small scale. For centuries they have used a
sustainable system where, when they finish using one small patch of land, they move away to a different area and allow
the forest to regenerate. Since the area cleared is small, the soil does not dry out and therefore the forest clearance is
localized and temporary rather than extensive and permanent.

LOGGING
This is believed to be the second largest cause of deforestation. Timber companies cut down huge trees such as mahogany
and teak and sell them to other countries to make furniture. Smaller trees are often used for the production of charcoal.
Vast areas of rainforest are cut in one go (clear felling) and the most valuable trees are selected for timber, leaving the
others for wood chipping. The roads that are created in order to cut and remove the timber often lead to further
damage: see the effect of forest roads under "Oil Companies".

AGRICULTURE
Much of the fruit, cereals and pulses we buy from tropical countries have been grown in areas where
tropical rainforests once thrived. The forests are cut down to make way for vast plantations where
products such as bananas, palm oil, pineapple, sugar cane, tea and coffee are grown. As with cattle ranching, the soil will
not sustain crops for long, and after a few years the farmers have to cut down more rainforest for new plantations.

MINING
The developed nations relentlessly demand minerals and metals such as diamonds, oil, aluminium, copper and gold,
which are often found in the ground below rainforests. The rainforests therefore have to be removed in order to extract
them. Poisonous chemicals are sometimes used to separate the waste from the minerals, for example mercury, which is
used to separate gold from the soil and debris with which it is mixed. These chemicals often find their way into rivers,
polluting water supplies which local people depend on, killing fish and other animals that feed on them.

OIL COMPANIES
Rainforests are seriously affected by oil companies searching for new oil deposits. This is incredibly damaging as often
large roads are built through untouched forests in order to build pipelines and extract the oil. This encourages settlers to
move into hitherto pristine forests and start slash-and-burn farming or cutting more timber for sale or the production of
charcoal.
Once established, the oil pipelines which transport the oil often rupture, spouting gallons of oil into the surrounding
forest, killing wildlife and contaminating the water supplies of local villages.

DAMS
The World Bank and large companies invest money in developing countries to build dams for the generation of electricity.
This can involve flooding vast areas of rainforest. Dams built in rainforest areas often have a short life because the
submerged forest gradually rots, making the reservoir water acidic, which eventually corrodes the dam turbines. The
dams can also become blocked with soil washed down from deforested highlands in heavy rains. This can cause great
problems, such as flooding.

HOW CAN YOU HELP TO SAVE THE RAINFORESTS?

Have a look at our kids Page for information on how you can help us including sponsoring your own acre or more of
rainforest.

http://www.rainforestconcern.org/rainforest_facts/why_are_they_being_destroyed/

Forests cover 31% of the land area on our planet. They produce vital oxygen and
provide homes for people and wildlife. Many of the worlds most threatened and
endangered animals live in forests, and 1.6 billion people rely on benefits forests offer,
including food, fresh water, clothing, traditional medicine and shelter.
But forests around the world are under threat from deforestation, jeopardizing these
benefits. Deforestation comes in many forms, including fires, clear-cutting for
agriculture, ranching and development, unsustainable logging for timber, and
degradation due to climate change. This impacts peoples livelihoods and threatens a
wide range of plant and animal species. Some 46-58 thousand square miles of forest
are lost each yearequivalent to 48 football fields every minute.
Forests play a critical role in mitigating climate change because they act as a carbon
sinksoaking up carbon dioxide that would otherwise be free in the atmosphere and
contribute to ongoing changes in climate patterns. Deforestation undermines this
important carbon sink function. It is estimated that 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions
are the result of deforestation.
Deforestation is a particular concern in tropical rainforests because these forests are
home to much of the worlds biodiversity. For example, in the Amazon around 17% of
the forest has been lost in the last 50 years, mostly due to forest conversion for cattle

ranching. Deforestation in this region is particularly rampant near more populated areas,
roads and rivers, but even remote areas have been encroached upon when valuable
mahogany, gold and oil are discovered.
WWF has been working to protect forests for more than 50 years. With a focus on
protected areas management and sustainable forestry, WWF works with governments,
companies, communities and other stakeholders to promote certification for responsible
forest management practices, combat illegal logging, reform trade policies and protect
forested areas.

https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/deforestation

Dear EarthTalk: Do you have current facts and figures about how
much rainforest is being destroyed each day around the world,
and for what purpose(s)?
Teri, via e-mail
Pinning down exact numbers is nearly impossible, but most experts agree
that we are losing upwards of 80,000 acres of tropical rainforest daily, and
significantly degrading another 80,000 acres every day on top of that.
Along with this loss and degradation, we are losing some 135 plant, animal
and insect species every dayor some 50,000 species a yearas the forests
fall.
According to researcher and writer Rhett Butler, who runs the critically
acclaimed website, Mongabay.com, tropical rainforests are incredibly rich
ecosystems that play a key role in the basic functioning of the planet. They
help maintain the climate by regulating atmospheric gases and stabilizing
rainfall, and provide many other important ecological functions.

Rainforests are also home to some 50 percent of the worlds species, Butler
reports, making them an extensive library of biological and genetic
resources. Environmentalists also point out that a quarter of our modern
pharmaceuticals are derived from rainforest ingredients, but less than one
percent of the trees and plants in the tropics have been tested for curative
properties. Sadly, then, we dont really know the true value of what were
losing as we slash, burn, and plant over what was once a treasure trove of
biodiversity.
According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO), overall tropical deforestation rates this decade are 8.5 percent
higher than during the 1990s. While this figure pertains to all forests in the
worlds tropics, researchers believe the loss of primary tropical rainforest
the wildest and most diverse swathshas increased by as much as 25
percent since the 1990s.
Despite increased public awareness of the importance of tropical
rainforests, deforestation rates are actually on the rise, mostly due to
activities such as commercial logging, agriculture, cattle ranching, dambuilding and mining, but also due to subsistence agriculture and collection
of fuel wood. Indeed, as long as commercial interests are allowed access to
these economically depressed areas of the world, and as long as populations
of poor rural people continue to expand, tropical rainforests will continue
to fall.
Some scientists see light at the end of the tunnel. Joseph Wright of the
Panama-based Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute says the tropics
now have more protected land than in recent history, and believes that
large areas of tropical forest will remain intact through 2030 and beyond:
We believe that the area covered by tropical forest will never fall to the
exceedingly low levels that are often predicted and that extinction will
threaten a smaller proportion of tropical forest species than previously
predicted.

Only time will tell whether Wrights optimistic predictions ring true, or
whether a more doomsday scenario will play out. To stay informed and be
part of the solution, stay tuned to the websites of Rainforest Action
Network, Rainforest Alliance, the Rainforest Site and, of course,
Mongabay.com.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/earth-talks-daily-destruction/

Deforestation, clearance or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land
is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.[2] Examples of deforestation include conversion of
forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated deforestation occurs
in tropical rainforests.[3] About 30% of Earth's land surface is covered by forests.[4]
In temperate mesic climates, natural regeneration of forest stands often will not occur in the
absence of disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic.[5] Furthermore, biodiversity after
regeneration harvest often mimics that found after natural disturbance, including biodiversity
loss after naturally occurring rainforest destruction.[6][7]
Deforestation occurs for multiple reasons: trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel
(sometimes in the form of charcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock
and plantation. The removal of trees without sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage
to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. It has adverse impacts on biosequestration of
atmospheric carbon dioxide. Deforestation has also been used in war to deprive the enemy of
cover for its forces and also vital resources. Modern examples of this were the use of Agent
Orange by the British military in Malaya during the Malayan Emergency and the United States
military in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. As of 2005, net deforestation rates have ceased to
increase in countries with a per capita GDP of at least US$4,600.[8][9] Deforested regions typically
incur significant adverse soil erosion and frequently degrade into wasteland.
Disregard of ascribed value, lax forest management and deficient environmental laws are some
of the factors that allow deforestation to occur on a large scale. In many countries,
deforestation, both naturally occurring and human-induced, is an ongoing issue. Deforestation
causes extinction, changes to climatic conditions, desertification, and displacement of
populations as observed by current conditions and in the past through the fossil record.[6] More
than half of all plant and land animal species in the world live in tropical forests.[10]
Between 2000 and 2012, 2.3 million square kilometres (890,000 square miles) of forests around
the world were cut down.[11] As a result of deforestation, only 6.2 million square kilometres
(2.4 million square miles) remain of the original 16 million square kilometres (6 million square
miles) of forest that formerly covered the Earth.[11]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation

http://www.greenfacts.org/en/forests/l-3/8-economic-social-benefits.htm#0p0
https://sehatisme.com/penyebab-kerusakan-hutan/

http://brangkasbejubel.blogspot.co.id/2013/09/hutan-memperkokoh-ketahananpangan.html
http://www.fao.org/docrep/ARTICLE/WFC/XII/MS1-E.HTM
https://books.google.co.id/books?
id=AfN94sbTx2MC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=counter+argument+about+destruction
+forest+because+of+human+need+for+land+and+food&source=bl&ots=Fx_GF5yxM
l&sig=ZMFkKAJTWoALGH4IWBSXYVJxSk&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiHrOSJicnQAhUKNo8KHfn8B1kQ6AE
IajAJ#v=onepage&q=counter%20argument%20about%20destruction%20forest
%20because%20of%20human%20need%20for%20land%20and%20food&f=false
counter argument about destruction forest because of human need for land and food

https://azahira.wordpress.com/2009/11/07/mock-argumentative-essay-deforestationshould-increase/
http://hotessays.blogspot.co.id/2011/10/argumentative-essay-on-deforestation.html
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-effect-of-deforestation-on-wild-animals

https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survivalquarterly/indonesia/deforestation-human-costs

https://books.google.co.id/books?
id=mRGr_B4Y1CEC&pg=PT256&lpg=PT256&dq=effect+of+deforestation+on+the+s
urvival+of+human+race.&source=bl&ots=lG6gI25KZX&sig=aU1i92ruzXrE9KSRAw3t
0hU_C0s&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIxMTWp8nQAhUJO48KHfcuDCoQ6AEITDA
G#v=onepage&q=effect%20of%20deforestation%20on%20the%20survival%20of
%20human%20race.&f=false