Ungrouped Data

An ungrouped data can be converted into grouped data by noting down their frequencies and
by rearranging them into class-intervals according to the requirement of the experiment. In
this page, we are going to focus only on ungrouped data. We shall study about the
computation of basic statistical concepts, such as - mean, median, mode, standard deviation
and variance, for ungrouped data.
Mean of Ungrouped Data
The mean is defined as the average value of the data. It is the value that is representative of
all the values in a data set. It is calculated arithmetically similar to the calculation of average.
Thus, the mean is also known as arithmetic mean or average. The statistical mean of the
ungrouped data can be found by finding by sum of the given values and dividing it by total
number of values. The mean is a type of measures of central tendency.

Mode of Ungrouped Data

The mode is defined the value that most frequently occurs in the given data; i.e. the number
whose frequency is more than others, is called the mode. It is usually denoted by "Z".
In order to find the mode of an ungrouped data, we have to find the frequency of each
number in the given data set. Then, we have to choose the number having the highest
frequency as the mode. The mode is also one of the three measures of central tendency. We
can write as:
Mode = Value with highest frequency

Median of Ungrouped Data

Median is defined as the mid value of the data set. It is a value that falls in the middle-most
position of the whole data. Median of an ungrouped data is determined by arranging the given
numbers in ascending order and then selecting exactly middle value. In other words, the
median is the value that divides the observations (in ascending order) into two equal
divisions. The median is a kind of measures of central tendency.

Standard Deviation of Ungrouped Data

The concept of standard deviation plays a vital role during the study of variability of
statistical data. It is the most widely used measure of dispersion. Standard Deviation
determines how far the numbers are spread out in the given data set. It may be calculated as
the square root (positive) of the average of the squared deviations from arithmetic mean of
the given data. Standard deviation is denoted by the Greek letter "" which is pronounced
as "sigma".
Variance of Ungrouped Data
The standard deviation and variance are two quite closely-related concepts. They both are
measures of dispersion. Variance is calculated by squaring the standard deviation. It is
2
denoted by . The variance of an ungrouped data is found by determining the average
squared deviation of each observation from its mean position.