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  • For, While and Do While Loops in C - Cprogramming

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    afnaanqurreshi
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    Loops allow code to be repeatedly executed. There are three types of loops in C: for, while, and do-while. For loops initialize a variable, specify a condition, and update the variable. While loops continuously execute while a condition is true. Do-while loops execute the code block at least once and then continue to loop while the condition is true. Break and continue statements can be used to control the flow of loops.

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    Loops allow code to be repeatedly executed. There are three types of loops in C: for, while, and do-while. For loops initialize a variable, specify a condition, and update the variable. While loops continuously execute while a condition is true. Do-while loops execute the code block at least once and then continue to loop while the condition is true. Break and continue statements can be used to control the flow of loops.

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    57 vizualizări3 pagini

    For, While and Do While Loops in C - Cprogramming

    Încărcat de

    afnaanqurreshi
    Loops allow code to be repeatedly executed. There are three types of loops in C: for, while, and do-while. For loops initialize a variable, specify a condition, and update the variable. While loops continuously execute while a condition is true. Do-while loops execute the code block at least once and then continue to loop while the condition is true. Break and continue statements can be used to control the flow of loops.

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    din 3

    Lesson3:Loops

    ByAlexAllain

    Loopsareusedtorepeatablockofcode.Beingabletohaveyourprogramrepeatedlyexecuteablockof
    codeisoneofthemostbasicbutusefultasksinprogrammingmanyprogramsorwebsitesthatproduce
    extremelycomplexoutput(suchasamessageboard)arereallyonlyexecutingasingletaskmanytimes.
    (Theymaybeexecutingasmallnumberoftasks,butinprinciple,toproducealistofmessagesonly
    requiresrepeatingtheoperationofreadinginsomedataanddisplayingit.)Now,thinkaboutwhatthis
    means:aloopletsyouwriteaverysimplestatementtoproduceasignificantlygreaterresultsimplyby
    repetition.

    Onecaveat:beforegoingfurther,youshouldunderstandtheconceptofC'strueandfalse,becauseitwillbenecessarywhen
    workingwithloops(theconditionsarethesameaswithifstatements).Thisconceptiscoveredintheprevioustutorial.
    Therearethreetypesofloops:for,while,anddo..while.Eachofthemhastheirspecificuses.Theyarealloutlinedbelow.
    FORforloopsarethemostusefultype.Thesyntaxforaforloopis

    for(variableinitializationconditionvariableupdate){
    Codetoexecutewhiletheconditionistrue
    }
    Thevariableinitializationallowsyoutoeitherdeclareavariableandgiveitavalueorgiveavaluetoanalreadyexisting
    variable.Second,theconditiontellstheprogramthatwhiletheconditionalexpressionistruetheloopshouldcontinueto
    repeatitself.Thevariableupdatesectionistheeasiestwayforaforlooptohandlechangingofthevariable.Itispossibleto
    dothingslikex++,x=x+10,orevenx=random(5),andifyoureallywantedto,youcouldcallotherfunctionsthatdo
    nothingtothevariablebutstillhaveausefuleffectonthecode.Noticethatasemicolonseparateseachofthesesections,that
    isimportant.Alsonotethateverysingleoneofthesectionsmaybeempty,thoughthesemicolonsstillhavetobethere.Ifthe
    conditionisempty,itisevaluatedastrueandtheloopwillrepeatuntilsomethingelsestopsit.
    Example:
    #include<stdio.h>
    intmain()
    {
    intx
    /*Theloopgoeswhilex<10,andxincreasesbyoneeveryloop*/
    for(x=0x<10x++){
    /*Keepinmindthattheloopconditionchecks
    theconditionalstatementbeforeitloopsagain.
    consequently,whenxequals10theloopbreaks.
    xisupdatedbeforetheconditionischecked.*/
    printf("%d\n",x)
    }
    getchar()
    }
    Thisprogramisaverysimpleexampleofaforloop.xissettozero,whilexislessthan10itcallsprintftodisplaythevalueof
    thevariablex,anditadds1toxuntiltheconditionismet.Keepinmindalsothatthevariableisincrementedafterthecode
    intheloopisrunforthefirsttime.
    WHILEWHILEloopsareverysimple.Thebasicstructureis

    while(condition){Codetoexecutewhiletheconditionistrue}Thetruerepresentsabooleanexpressionwhichcouldbex
    ==1orwhile(x!=7)(xdoesnotequal7).Itcanbeanycombinationofbooleanstatementsthatarelegal.Even,(whilex
    ==5||v==7)whichsaysexecutethecodewhilexequalsfiveorwhilevequals7.Noticethatawhileloopislikeastripped
    downversionofaforloopithasnoinitializationorupdatesection.However,anemptyconditionisnotlegalforawhile
    loopasitiswithaforloop.
    Example:
    #include<stdio.h>
    intmain()
    {
    intx=0/*Don'tforgettodeclarevariables*/

    while(x<10){/*Whilexislessthan10*/
    printf("%d\n",x)
    x++/*Updatexsotheconditioncanbemeteventually*/
    }
    getchar()
    }
    Thiswasanothersimpleexample,butitislongerthantheaboveFORloop.Theeasiestwaytothinkoftheloopisthatwhen
    itreachesthebraceattheenditjumpsbackuptothebeginningoftheloop,whichcheckstheconditionagainanddecides
    whethertorepeattheblockanothertime,orstopandmovetothenextstatementaftertheblock.
    DO..WHILEDO..WHILEloopsareusefulforthingsthatwanttoloopatleastonce.Thestructureis
    do{
    }while(condition)
    Noticethattheconditionistestedattheendoftheblockinsteadofthebeginning,sotheblockwillbeexecutedatleastonce.
    Iftheconditionistrue,wejumpbacktothebeginningoftheblockandexecuteitagain.Ado..whileloopisalmostthesame
    asawhileloopexceptthattheloopbodyisguaranteedtoexecuteatleastonce.Awhileloopsays"Loopwhiletheconditionis
    true,andexecutethisblockofcode",ado..whileloopsays"Executethisblockofcode,andthencontinuetoloopwhilethe
    conditionistrue".
    Example:
    #include<stdio.h>
    intmain()
    {
    intx
    x=0
    do{
    /*"Hello,world!"isprintedatleastonetime
    eventhoughtheconditionisfalse*/
    printf("Hello,world!\n")
    }while(x!=0)
    getchar()
    }
    Keepinmindthatyoumustincludeatrailingsemicolonafterthewhileintheaboveexample.Acommonerroristoforget
    thatado..whileloopmustbeterminatedwithasemicolon(theotherloopsshouldnotbeterminatedwithasemicolon,
    addingtotheconfusion).Noticethatthisloopwillexecuteonce,becauseitautomaticallyexecutesbeforecheckingthe
    condition.

    BreakandContinue

    Twokeywordsthatareveryimportanttoloopingarebreakandcontinue.Thebreakcommandwillexitthemost
    immediatelysurroundingloopregardlessofwhattheconditionsoftheloopare.Breakisusefulifwewanttoexitaloop
    underspecialcircumstances.Forexample,let'ssaytheprogramwe'reworkingonisatwopersoncheckersgame.Thebasic
    structureoftheprogrammightlooklikethis:
    while(true)
    {
    take_turn(player1)
    take_turn(player2)
    }
    Thiswillmakethegamealternatebetweenhavingplayer1andplayer2taketurns.Theonlyproblemwiththislogicisthat
    there'snowaytoexitthegametheloopwillrunforever!Let'strysomethinglikethisinstead:
    while(true)
    {
    if(someone_has_won()||someone_wants_to_quit()==TRUE)
    {break}
    take_turn(player1)
    if(someone_has_won()||someone_wants_to_quit()==TRUE)
    {break}
    take_turn(player2)
    }
    Thiscodeaccomplisheswhatwewanttheprimaryloopofthegamewillcontinueundernormalcircumstances,butundera
    specialcondition(winningorexiting)theflowwillstopandourprogramwilldosomethingelse.
    Continueisanotherkeywordthatcontrolstheflowofloops.Ifyouareexecutingaloopandhitacontinuestatement,theloop
    willstopitscurrentiteration,updateitself(inthecaseofforloops)andbegintoexecuteagainfromthetop.Essentially,the
    continuestatementissaying"thisiterationoftheloopisdone,let'scontinuewiththeloopwithoutexecutingwhatevercode
    comesafterme."Let'ssaywe'reimplementingagameofMonopoly.Likeabove,wewanttousealooptocontrolwhoseturn
    itis,butcontrollingturnsisabitmorecomplicatedinMonopolythanincheckers.Thebasicstructureofourcodemightthen
    looksomethinglikethis:
    for(player=1someone_has_won==FALSEplayer++)
    {
    if(player>total_number_of_players)
    {player=1}
    if(is_bankrupt(player))
    {continue}
    take_turn(player)
    }
    Thisway,ifoneplayercan'ttakeherturn,thegamedoesn'tstopforeverybodywejustskipherandkeepgoingwiththe
    nextplayer'sturn.
    Stillnotgettingit?Askanexpert!
    Quizyourself
    Previous:IfStatements
    Next:Functions
    BacktoCTutorialIndex

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