Project: Feasibility cum PDR for 4/6-laning of Ambala to Kaithal section of NH-65

Final Feasibility cum Preliminary Design Report: Chapter-3

CHAPTER - 3: SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE

3.1

Haryana during British Raj

During the British Raj, most of Haryana formed a part of the Punjab province. Some parts were ruled by the
princely states of Loharu, Nabha, Jind and Patiala. During the Indian rebellion of 1857, several leaders from this
region, including Rao Tula Ram, participated actively. People of Haryana took active part in Indian Independence
movement. A lot of battles were fought by not only the Kings of territories but by the farmers also. British army
was defeated at a lot of places. Some most important fights were from Sonipat , Rohtak , Sirsa and Hissar. In
Sirsa the famous battle of Chormar was fought. Later, leaders like Sir Chhotu Ram played an important role in the
politics of the Punjab province. Rao Tula Ram was one of the important leaders of the 1857 revolt.

3.2

Formation of Haryana
Haryana state was formed on 1 November 1966, on the recommendation of the Sardar Hukam Singh
Parliamentary Committee. The formation of this committee was announced in the Parliament on 23 September
1965. On 23 April, 1966, acting on the recommendation of the Hukam Singh Committee, the Indian government
set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice J. C. Shah, to divide and set up the boundaries of
Punjab and Haryana giving consideration to the language spoken by the people. The commission gave its report
on 31 May, 1966. According to this report the then districts of Hissar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Rohtak, and
Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana. Further, the Tehsils of Jind (district Sangrur), Narwana
(district Sangrur), Naraingarh, Ambala and Jagadhari were also to be included. The commission recommended
that Tehsil Kharar (including Chandigarh) should be a part of Haryana.[6]
The city of Chandigarh, and a Punjabi speaking area of district Rupnagar were made a union territory serving as
the capital of both Punjab and Haryana. According to the Rajiv-Longowal Accord, Chandigarh was to be
transfered to the state of Punjab in 1986, but the transfer was delayed and it has not been executed so far. Also,
at the same time, a Jangan-na was done in Abohar and Fazilka sub-divisions of Firozpur District of Punjab so that
any Hindi speaking areas from these sub-divisions could be transfered to Haryana.

3.3

Culture of Haryana
Haryana is proud of its rich cultural heritage that goes way back to the Vedic times. The state is rich in folklore.
The people of Haryana have their own traditions. The age old customs of meditation, yoga and chanting of vedic
mantras, are still observed by the masses. The seasonal and religious festivals glorify the culture of this region.
Dance is said to be the mother of all arts and Haryana boasts of a dance form called Ghoomer. Music and poetry
exist in tune, painting and architecture in space. Dance is not just a form of recreation but something needed to
release the physical and emotional energy. Folk dances, like other creative art, help in sublimating the performer's
worries and cares. The people of Haryana have preserved their old religious and social traditions. They celebrate
festivals with great enthusiasm and traditional fervor. Their culture and popular art are Saangs, dramas, ballads
and songs in which they take great delight.
With Hindi and Haryanvi forming the main languages, there are numerous other dialects spoken in Haryana.
However, almost all of them are derived from ancient Sanskrit and Prakrit. Sanskrit is still taught in most of the
schools in Haryana. In towns and cities, English is widely spoken with a hazy mixture of Hindi. The most striking
feature of Haryana is its language itself; or rather, the manner in which it is spoken. Popularly known as Haryanvi
or Bangaru, it is perhaps a bit crude, but full of earthy humor and straightforwardness. With rapid urbanization and
due to Haryana's close proximity to Delhi, the cultural aspects are now taking on a more modern hue.

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3.4

Geography

Morni Hills in Haryana

Yamuna River near the Haryana Border

Haryana is a landlocked state in northern India. It is located between 2737' to 3035' N latitude and between
7428' and 7736' E longitude. The altitude of Haryana varies between 700 to 3600 ft (200 metres to 1200 metres)
above sea level. An area of 1,553 km is covered by forest. Haryana has four main geographical features.

The Yamuna-Ghaggar plain forming the largest part of the state

The Shivalik Hills to the northeast
Semi-desert sandy plain to the southwest
The Aravalli Range in the south

Rivers of Haryana: The river Yamuna flows along its eastern boundary. The ancient Saraswati river was thought
to have flowed through Haryana, but it has now disappeared.
The river Ghaggar is Haryana's main seasonal river. The Ghaggar rises in the outer Himalayas, between the
Yamuna and the Sutlej and enters Haryana near Pinjore, district Panchkula. Passing through Ambala and Hissar,
it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs a course of 290 miles before disappearing into the deserts of Rajasthan.
The Markanda river's ancient name was Aruna. A seasonal stream like the Ghaggar, it originates from the lower
Shivalik hills and enters Haryana near Ambala. During monsoons, this stream swells into a raging torrent
notorious for its devastating power. The surplus water is carried on to the Sanisa lake where the Markanda joins
the Saraswati.
An important tributary is the Tangri. The Sahibi originates in the Mewat hills near Jitgarh and Manoharpur in
Rajasthan. Gathering volume from about a hundred tributaries, it reaches voluminous proportions, forming a
broad stream around Alwar and Patan. On reaching Rohtak it branches off into two smaller streams, finally
reaching the outskirts of Delhi and flowing into the Yamuna. There are three other rivulets in and around the
Mewat hills Indori, Dohan and Kasavati and they all flow northwards from the south.[7]
3.5

Climate
The climate of Haryana is similar to other states of India lying in the northern plains. It is very hot in summer (up to
a high of 50 deg Celsius) and cold in winters (down to a low of 1 deg Celsius). The hottest months are May and
June and the coldest being December and January. Rainfall is varied, with the Shivalik Hills region being the
wettest and the Aravali Hills region being the driest. About 80% of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season (JulySeptember) and sometimes causes local flooding.[7]

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Blackbuck male and female; Image:Mr Raja Purohit

3.6

Flora and Fauna of Haryana

Thorny, dry, deciduous forest and thorny shrubs can be found all over the state. During the monsoon, a carpet of
grass covers the hills. Mulberry, eucalyptus, pine, kikar, shisham and babul are some of the trees found here. The
species of fauna found in the state of Haryana include black buck, nilgai, panther, fox, mongoose, jackal and wild
dog.

3.7

Demographics
The population of Haryana, according to the 2011 census, is 25,353,081, with 13,507,235 males and 11,845,846
females. The population density is 573 people/km2. Haryana, along with neighboring Punjab, has a skewed sex
ratio at 861, with many more men than women. Selective abortion of female fetuses has a very high provenance,
reflecting a widespread preference for the male child.
Hindus make up about 88.2% of the population, Sikhs 5.5% Muslims 5.8%, Jains 0.3%, Christians 0.1% and
Buddhists 0.03%. [8] Muslims are mainly in the Mewat district, while Sikhs are mostly in the districts adjoining
Punjab. Agriculture and related industries have been the backbone of the local economy. These days the state is
seeing a massive influx of immigrants from across the nation, primarily from Bihar, Bengal and Nepal.

3.8

Economy
Haryana's economy relies on manufacturing, retailing and information outsorcing. In 2006-07 Haryana received a
foreign direct investment projects of over Rs 11,000 crore in the state and corporate sector and had had a fiscal
deficit of 0.6 per cent in financial year 2006-07 [9] Haryana also toped the list in terms of per capita investment in
the fiscal year 2007 with an investment of Rs 1,86,045 crore. [10][11] Haryana is also considered one of the most
industrilised states in India with many SEZs. New plans for Sezs are of Reliance Industries which has plans to set
up amulti-product special economic zone in Haryana. [12] At an investment of Rs 40,000 crore, the project will be
India's largest SEZ spread over 25,000 acres. The state has a developed banking system with over 4500 bank
branches. The two financial hubs of Haryana, Gurgaon and Faridabad lie on the south west of the state.

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3.8.1

Manufacturing

Maruti Suzuki plant at Gurgaon

More than a thousand medium and large industries with a capital investment of Rs. 2000 billion or $ 40.4 billion
have been established in the state in mainly Gurgaon, Panchkula, Faridabad and Bahadurgarh. As a result,
Haryana's share in national production is 50% of passenger cars, 50% of motorcycles, 30% of refrigerators, 25%
of tractors, bicycles and sanitary wares, and 20% of the country's export of scientific instruments.[14] These include
Hindustan National Glass, Maruti Udyog Limited, Escorts, Hero Honda, Alcatel, Sony, Whirlpool India, Bharti
Telecom, Liberty Shoes and Hindustan Machine Tools. In addition there are more than 80,000 small-scale
industrial units in the state which cumulatively bring in a substantial income for the state and its people.
Yamunanagar district has a paper mill BILT, Haryana has a large production of cars, motorcycles, tractors,
sanitary ware, glass container industry, gas stoves and scientific instruments.
Faridabad is another big industrial part of Haryana.[15] It is home to hundreds of large scale companies like Orient
fans (C.K.Birla Group), JCB India Limited, Nirigemes, Agri Machinery Group (Escorts Limited), Yamaha Motor
India Pvt. Ltd., Whirlpool, ABB, Goodyear Tyres, Knorr Bremse India Pvt. Ltd. There are thousands of medium
and small scale units as well, like Amrit Enterprises, McAma Industries. Panipat is a city of textiles and carpets. It
is the biggest centre for cheap blankets and carpets in India and has a handloom weaving industry. The pickle
"Pachranga International" is also well known. Panipat also has heavy industry, with a refinery of the Indian Oil
Corporation, a National Thermal Power Corporation power plant and a National Fertilizers Limited plant.
3.8.2

Service Industry

Cyber Greens Office Complex contains the offices of ABN Amro, Microsoft IBM Daksh, Sapient, Nokia,
Canon, and Alcatel
Gurgaon is considered the best city for setting up a software or BPO centre in India [16]. This is according to a
research on Offshore Competitiveness conducted by neoIT, an offshoring consultancy. Gurgaon, has seen
emergence of an active information technology industry in the recent years. With organisations like IBM, Hewitt
Associates, Dell, Convergys, United Healthcare and NIIT setting up back offices or contact centers in Gurgaon.
Haryana now ranks 3rd among states in software exports from India.[14] Establishment of Nano City[17] a joint
venture between the Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation (HSIIDC) and Nano
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Works Developers Private Ltd, a company promoted by Sabeer Bhatia, the much talked about creator of Hotmail
will further boost the state position in this sector.

3.8.3

Macro-economic trend

Plaza Tower
This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Haryana at market prices estimated by Ministry of
Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in Crore Rupees.[18]

Year

Gross State Domestic Product (In Rs Cr)

1999-2000

50,787

2000-2001

56,955

2001-2002

63,489

2002-2003

69,653

2003-2004

78,816

2004-2005

89,431

2005-2006

100,676

2007-2008

101,319

The contribution of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors for the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) in 200708 is Rs. 21,265.92 crore, Rs. 30,919.95 crore and Rs.49,133.55 crore respectively Over 3% of the S&P CNX
500 conglomerates have corporate offices in Haryana.
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3.8.4

Agriculture

A Field in Haryana
Haryana has one of the most fertile land in India. And most farmers in Haryana produce export quality crop andf
thus they get subsidees. Most in Haryana farm with tractors and other large machines, much similar to how
farming is done in The US
Despite recent industrial development, Haryana is primarily an agricultural state. About 70% of residents are
engaged in agriculture Wheat and rice are the major crops. Haryana is self-sufficient in food production and the
second largest contributor to India's central pool of food grains. The main crops of Haryana are Wheat, Rice,
Sugarcane, Cotton, Oilseeds, Gram, Barley, Corn, Millet etc. There are two main types of crops in Haryana: Rabi
and Kharif. The major Kharif crops of Haryana are rice, jowar, bajra, maize, cotton, jute, sugarcane, sesame and
groundnut. For these crops the ground is prepared in April and May and the seeds are sown at the
commencement of rains in June. The crops are ready for harvesting by the beginning of November. The major
Rabi crops are wheat, tobacco, gram, linseed, rapeseed and mustard. The ground is prepared by the end of
October or the beginning of November and the crops are harvested by March.
About 86% of the area is arable, and of that 96% is cultivated. About 75% of the area is irrigated, through
tubewells and an extensive system of canals. Haryana contributed significantly to the Green Revolution in India in
the 1970s that made the country self-sufficient in food production. The state has also significantly contributed to
the field of agricultural education in the country. Asia's biggest agricultural University[20] - Chaudhary Charan Singh
Haryana Agricultural University is located at Hisar and it has made a significant contribution in ushering in the
'Green Revolution' in the state. Haryana has a very fine irrigation infrastructure. Irrigation in Haryana uses water
either from under the ground or from surface through canals. Numerous canals have been dug and pumps put up
to make sure that the farmer doesnt pack up and leave in times of drought. Currently in Haryana, the most
important technology for groundwater irrigation is the use of tube wells with a submersible pump.
3.8.5

Dairy Farming
Dairy farming is also an essential part of the rural economy. Haryana has a livestock population of 98.97 lakh.
[20]
Milk and milk products form an essential part of the local diet. There is the saying Desaan main des Haryana, jit
doodh dahi ka khaana, which means "Best among all the countries in the world is Haryana, where the staple food
is milk and yoghurt". Haryana, with 660 grams of availability of milk per capita per day, ranks at number two in the
country as against the national average of 232 grams.[21][22] There is a vast network of milk societies that support
the dairy industry. The National Dairy Research Institute [23] at Karnal, and the Central Institute for Research on
Buffaloes at Hisar are instrumental in development of new breeds of cattle and propagation of these breeds
through embryo transfer technology. The Murrah breed of water buffalo from Haryana is world-famous for its milk
production.

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3.8.6

Roads, Aviation and Infrastructure

8 Lane Expressway with streetlights and has 4 toll gates

The 32 lane toll gate at National Highway 8 is the largest in Asia and third largest in the world
Haryana is a trend setter in the field of passenger transport. It has a total road length of 23684 kilometers. The
remotest parts of the state are linked with metaled roads. Its modern bus fleet of 3,864 buses covers a distance of
1.15 million Kilometers per day. It was the first State in the country to introduce luxury video coaches. [24] Grand
Trunk Road, commonly abbreviated to GT Road, is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads. It passes
through the districts of Sonipat, Panipat, Karnal, Kurukshetra and Ambala. The state government proposes to
construct Express highways and free ways for speedier vehicular traffic. The 135.6-km long Kundli-ManesarPalwal Expressway(KMP) will provide high-speed link to northern Haryana with its southern districts such as
Sonepat, Jhajjar, Gurgaon and Faridabad. The work on the project has already started and is scheduled to be
completed by July. 2009.[25] Haryana is in close contact with the cosmopolitan world, being right next to Delhi. As a
result, international and domestic airports, diplomatic and commercial complexes are located in close proximity to
the state.Haryana and Delhi government has also constructed Delhi-Gurgaon Expressway which has the largest
toll plaza in Asia and 3rd largest in the world.
Haryana State has always given high priority to the expansion of electricity infrastructure, as it is one of the most
important inputs for the development of the State. Haryana was the first State in the country to achieve 100%
rural electrification in 1970, first in the country to link all villages with all weather roads and first in the country to
provide safe drinking water facilities throughout the state [14] Haryana is well connected on the railway network as
well. The main railway routes passing through Haryana are: Amritsar - Delhi, Rewari - Ahmedabad, Bhiwani Rohtak - Delhi, Ambala - Ferozepur, Delhi - Ferozepur, Kalka - Jodhpur, Kalka - Howrah, Amritsar - Howrah and
Delhi - Shimla

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2 of the 16 airlines in India are based in Gurgaon which is just a few kilometers from the international airport in
Delhi
3.8.7

Communication and Media

Haryana has a state-wide network of highly efficient telecommunication facilities. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
(BSNL) and most of the leading private sector players (such as Reliance Infocom, Tata Teleservices, Bharti
Telecom, Idea and Vodafone Essar) have operations in the state. Important areas around Delhi are also an
integral part of the local Delhi Mobile Telecommunication System. This network system would easily cover major
towns like Faridabad, Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh and Kundli. The major newspapers of Haryana are Punjab Kesari,
Jag Bani, Dainik Jagran, The Tribune, Amar Ujala, Hindustan Times, Dainik Bhaskar, The Times of India and
Hari-Bhumi.

3.9

Administrative Divisions
The state is divided into four divisions for administrative purpose - Ambala, Rohtak, Gurgaon and Hisar Division.
There are 21 districts, 47 sub-divisions, 67 tehsils, 45 sub-tehsils and 116 blocks. Haryana has a total of 81 cities
and towns. It has 6,759 villages.

3.9.1

Districts

Ambala Division

Hisar Division

Ambala District
Kaithal District
Kurukshetra District
Panchkula District
Yamuna Nagar District

Bhiwani District
Fatehabad District
Hisar District
Jind District
Sirsa District

Gurgaon Division

Rohtak Division

Jhajjar District

Sonipat District

Faridabad District
Palwal District
Gurgaon District
Mahendragarh District

Karnal District
Panipat District
Rohtak District

Mewat District
Rewari District
Haryana has been a pioneer in carrying out fiscal reforms. Planning Commission has also appreciated the State
Government for the reform initiatives taken in various sectors. The revenue deficit of the State which was at a
level of Rs. 1540 crore in 1998-99 came down to Rs. 258 crore in 2004-05. During 2005-06 the State has become
a revenue surplus State to the extent of Rs. 1213 crore while during 2006-07 the revenue surplus of State
increased to Rs. 1590 crore. In terms of the percentage of GSDP, the revenue deficit reduced from 3.5 percent in
1998-99 to 0.29 percent in 2004-05 and thereafter State is a revenue surplus State. The fiscal deficit has reduced
from 5.1 percent of GSDP in 1998-99 to 1.29 percent in 2004-05 and further to 0.28 percent in 2005-06. During
2006-07, the State is fiscally surplus of Rs. 1179 crore due to better revenue receipts. The State Tax-GSDP ratio
has improved from 6.86 percent in 1999-2000 to 8.53 percent in 2005-06 and further to 8.64 percent in 2006-07.
The notable feature of States financial management is that Haryana State has not availed any over-draft facility
from RBI since June, 2002 and has not taken any recourse to Ways & Means Advance (WMA) since October,
2003.

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