Vs5icm m06 Storage

Configure and Manage Virtual Storage
Module 6
2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
Importance
Storage options give you the flexibility to set up your storage based
on your cost, performance, and manageability requirements. Shared
storage is useful for disaster recovery, high availability, and moving
virtual machines between hosts.
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A
6-3
Module Lessons
Lesson 1:
Storage Concepts
Lesson 2:
Configure iSCSI Storage
Lesson 3:
Configure NAS/NFS Storage
Lesson 4:
Fibre Channel SAN Storage
Lesson 5:
VMware vSphere VMFS Datastores
Lesson 6:
VMware vSphere Storage Appliance
6-4
Lesson 1:
Storage Concepts
6-5
Learner Objectives
After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

Describe VMware vSphere storage technologies and datastores.
Describe the storage device naming convention.
6-6
Storage Overview
VMware
ESXi
hosts
datastore
NFS
VMware vSphere VMFS
types
File
system
storage
technology
Direct
Attached
Fibre
Channel
FCoE
iSCSI
NAS
6-7
Datastore
A datastore is a logical storage
unit that can use disk space on
one physical device, or span
several physical devices.
host
Types of datastores:
VMFS
Network File System (NFS)
host
Datastores are used to hold

virtual machine files, templates,
and ISO images.
datastore
6-9
VMFS-5
VMFS-5:
Allows concurrent access to
shared storage
Can be dynamically
expanded
Uses a 1MB block size,
good for storing large virtual
disk files
Provides on-disk, block-level
locking
host
host
VMFS Datastore
6-10
NFS
NFS:
Is storage shared over the
network at the file system
level
Supports NFS version 3
over TCP/IP
host
host
NFS Datastore
6-11
Storage Device Naming Conventions

Storage devices are identified in several ways:
SCSI ID Unique SCSI identifier
Canonical name The Network Address Authority (NAA) ID is a
unique LUN identifier, guaranteed to be persistent across reboots.
In addition to NAA IDs, devices can also be identified with mpx or t10
identifiers.
Runtime name Uses the convention vmhbaN:C:T:L. This name is

not persistent through reboots.
6-12
Viewing Storage Maps
HBA
target
LUN
6-13
Physical Storage Considerations
Discuss vSphere storage needs with your storage administration

team, such as:
LUN sizes
I/O bandwidth
Disk cache parameters
Zoning and masking
Identical LUN presentation to each ESXi host
Active-active or active-passive arrays
Export properties for NFS datastores
6-14
Review of Learner Objectives
You should be able to do the following:

Describe vSphere storage technologies and datastores.
Describe the storage device naming convention.
6-15
Lesson 2:
Configure iSCSI Storage
6-16
Learner Objectives

Describe uses of IP storage with ESXi.
Describe iSCSI components and addressing.
Configure iSCSI initiators.
6-17
iSCSI Components
6-18
iSCSI Addressing
iSCSI target name:

iqn.1992-08.com.mycompany:stor147cf3c25
or eui.fedcba9876543210
iSCSI alias: stor1
IP address: 192.168.36.101
iSCSI initiator name:
iqn.1998-01.com.vmware:train1-64ad4c29
or eui.1234567890abcdef
iSCSI alias: train1
IP address: 192.168.36.88
6-19
iSCSI Initiators
6-20
Configuring Software iSCSI
To configure the iSCSI software initiator:

1. Configure a VMkernel port for accessing IP storage.
2. Enable the iSCSI software adapter.
3. Configure the iSCSI IQN name and alias (if required)
4. Configure iSCSI software adapter properties, such as static/dynamic
discovery addresses and iSCSI port binding
5. Configure iSCSI security (Challenge Handshake Authentication
Protocol (CHAP)).
6-21
ESXi Network Configuration for IP Storage
A VMkernel port must be created for ESXi to access software iSCSI.

The same port can be used to access NAS/NFS storage.
To optimize your vSphere networking setup:

Separate iSCSI networks from NAS/NFS networks.
Physical separation is preferred.

If that is not possible, use VLANs.
6-22
iSCSI Target-Discovery Methods
Two discovery methods are

supported:
Static
Dynamic (also known as
SendTargets)
The SendTargets response
returns iSCSI qualified name and
all available IP addresses.
192.168.36.101:3260
SendTargets
request
SendTargets
response
iSCSI target
192.168.36.101:3260
6-23
iSCSI Security: CHAP

Software iSCSI properties > General tab
iSCSI initiators use CHAP for

authentication purposes.
By default, CHAP is not
configured.
ESXi supports two types of
CHAP authentication:
Target
Unidirectional
authenticates
Bidirectional
host.
Software iSCSI only
ESXi also supports per-target

CHAP authentication.
Software iSCSI only
Different credentials for each
target
Host
authenticates
target.
6-24
Configuring Hardware iSCSI
To configure the iSCSI hardware initiator:

1. Install the iSCSI hardware adapter.
For independent hardware iSCSI adapters
Verify properly formatted IP address and IQN names.
For dependent hardware iSCSI adapters
Determine the name of the physical NIC associated with adapter so that port
binding is properly configured.
2. Modify the iSCSI name and configure the iSCSI alias.

3. Configure iSCSI target addresses.
4. Configure iSCSI security (CHAP).
6-25
Multipathing with iSCSI Storage

Hardware iSCSI:
Use two or more hardware
iSCSI adapters.
Software or dependent
hardware iSCSI:
Use multiple NICs.
Connect each NIC to a
separate VMkernel port.
Associate VMkernel ports
with iSCSI initiator.
Configure port binding in

the Properties window of
the iSCSI adapter.
6-26

Describe uses of IP storage with ESXi.
Describe iSCSI components and addressing.
Configure iSCSI initiators.
6-27
Lesson 3:
Configure NAS/NFS Storage
6-28
Learner Objectives

Describe NFS components and addressing.
Create an NFS datastore.
6-29
NFS Components
NAS device or a
server with
storage
directory to share
with the ESXi host
over the network
ESXi host with

NIC mapped to
virtual switch
VMkernel port
defined on virtual
switch
6-30
Addressing and Access Control with NFS
192.168.81.33
192.168.81.72
VMkernel port
configured with
IP address
6-31
Configuring an NFS Datastore
Create a VMkernel port:

For better performance and security, separate it from the iSCSI
network.
Provide the following information:
NFS server name (or IP address)
Folder on the NFS server, for example, /LUN1 and /LUN2
Whether to mount the NFS file system read-only:
Default is to mount read/write
NFS datastore name
6-32
Viewing IP Storage Information

Hosts and Clusters view > Configuration tab > Storage link
Datastores view > Storage Views tab
6-33
Unmounting/Deleting an NFS Datastore

Click the Storage link in the Configuration tab to unmount an NFS
datastore.
Unmounting an NFS datastore deletes that datastore.
6-34
Lab 7
In this lab, you will configure access to iSCSI and NFS datastore.
1. Add a VMkernel port group to a standard virtual switch.
2. Configure the iSCSI software adapter.
3. Configure access to NFS datastores.
4. View iSCSI and NFS storage information.
6-36
Lab 8
In this lab, you will design a network configuration for an ESXi host,
based on a set of requirements.
1. Analyze the requirements.
2. Design virtual switches and physical connections.
6-37

Describe NFS components and addressing.
Create an NFS datastore.
6-38
Lesson 4:
Fibre Channel SAN Storage
6-39
Learner Objectives

Describe uses of Fibre Channel with ESXi.
Describe Fibre Channel components and addressing.
Access Fibre Channel storage.
6-40
Using Fibre Channel with ESXi
ESXi supports:
8Gb Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)
6-41
Fibre Channel SAN Components
6-42
Fibre Channel Addressing and Access Control
6-43
Accessing Fibre Channel Storage
Install one or more supported Fibre Channel adapters in the ESXi

host.
The Fibre Channel adapters are recognized by the host during the
boot sequence.
6-44
Viewing Fibre Channel Storage Information
The Storage Views tab provides

information about all SCSI adapters
and NAS mounts.
6-45
Multipathing with Fibre Channel
Multipathing allows continued

access to SAN LUNs in the
event of hardware failure. It
also provides load balancing.
(optional)
6-49

Describe uses of Fibre Channel with ESXi.
Describe Fibre Channel components and addressing.
Access Fibre Channel storage.
6-51
Lesson 5:
VMware vSphere VMFS Datastores
6-52
Learner Objectives

Create a VMFS datastore.
Increase the size of a VMFS datastore.
Delete a VMFS datastore.
6-53
Using a VMFS Datastore with ESXi
Use VMFS datastores whenever possible:

VMFS is optimized for storing and accessing large files.
A VMFS can have a maximum volume size of 64TB.
NFS datastores are great for storing virtual machines. But some
functions are not supported.
Use RDMs if your virtual machine:
Is performing SAN snapshotting

Is clustered to a physical machine
Has large amounts of data that you do not want to convert into a virtual disk
6-54
Creating a VMFS Datastore
To create a VMFS datastore, use the Add Storage wizard:

Select the storage type, Disk/LUN.
Select an available LUN.
Specify a datastore name.

Specify the datastore size: use full or partial LUN.
6-55
Viewing VMFS Datastores

Click the Storage link in the Configuration tab
6-56
Managing Overcommitted Datastores
An overcommitted datastore can occur when there are many

thin-provisioned virtual disks that use close to their maximum
allotted disk space.
Actively monitor your datastore capacity:
Alarms assist through notifications:
Datastore disk overallocation

Virtual machine disk usage
Use reporting to view space usage.
Actively manage your datastore capacity:

Increase datastore capacity when necessary.
Use vSphere Storage vMotion to mitigate space usage issues on a
particular datastore.
6-58
Increasing the Size of a VMFS Datastore

Increase a VMFS
datastores size to give it
more space or possibly to
improve performance.
Two ways to dynamically
increase the size of a VMFS
datastore:
Add an extent (LUN).
Expand the datastore
within its extent.
6-59
Before Increasing the Size of a VMFS Datastore

In general, before making any changes to your storage allocation:
Perform a rescan to ensure that your host sees the most current
storage.
Note the unique identifier (for example, the NAA ID) of the volume
that you want to expand.
6-61
Delete or Unmount a VMFS Datastore

Deleting a VMFS datastore:
Unmounting a VMFS datastore:
6-62
Multipathing Algorithms
Arrays provide different
features, some offer activeactive storage processors (SP)
and others offer active-passive
SPs.
storage array
SP A
0 1
vSphere 5 offers native path

selection, load-balancing and
failover mechanisms.
storage
processors
switches
Third-party vendors can create

their own software to be
installed on your ESXi hosts
that will allow the ESXi host to
properly interact with the
storage arrays it uses.
SP B
0 1
ESXi
hosts
6-63
Managing Multiple Storage Paths

To modify the number of storage paths to use, select the datastore
to modify and click that datastores Properties link.
Click Manage Paths in the Properties window.
6-64
Configuring Storage Load Balancing

Path selection policies exist for:
Scalability:
Round Robin A multipathing policy that performs load balancing across

paths.
Availability:
MRU and Fixed
6-65
Lab 9
In this lab, you will work with VMFS datastores.

1. Review your shared storage configuration.
2. Change the name of a VMFS datastore.
3. Create a VMFS datastore.
4. Expand a VMFS datastore to consume unused space on a LUN.
5. Remove a VMFS datastore.
6. Extend a VMFS datastore.
Ask your instructor which LUNs contain VMFS datastores that
should not be removed or reformatted.
6-66

Create a VMFS datastore.
Increase the size of a VMFS datastore.
Delete a VMFS datastore.
6-67
Key Points
Use VMFS datastores to hold virtual machine files.

NFS datastores are useful as a repository for ISO images.
Shared storage is integral to vSphere features like vMotion, vSphere
High Availability, and DRS.
6-78

Vs5icm m06 Storage

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Configure and Manage Virtual Storage

2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Configure iSCSI Storage

Configure NAS/NFS Storage

Fibre Channel SAN Storage

VMware vSphere VMFS Datastores

VMware vSphere Storage Appliance

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere VMFS

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Datastores are used to hold

Storage Device Naming Conventions

Runtime name Uses the convention vmhbaN:C:T:L. This name is

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Viewing Storage Maps

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Physical Storage Considerations

Discuss vSphere storage needs with your storage administration

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Review of Learner Objectives

You should be able to do the following:

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

iSCSI target name:

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Configuring Software iSCSI

To configure the iSCSI software initiator:

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

ESXi Network Configuration for IP Storage

A VMkernel port must be created for ESXi to access software iSCSI.

To optimize your vSphere networking setup:

Physical separation is preferred.

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

iSCSI Target-Discovery Methods

Two discovery methods are

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

iSCSI Security: CHAP

iSCSI initiators use CHAP for

Software iSCSI only

ESXi also supports per-target

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Configuring Hardware iSCSI

To configure the iSCSI hardware initiator:

For independent hardware iSCSI adapters

Verify properly formatted IP address and IQN names.

For dependent hardware iSCSI adapters

2. Modify the iSCSI name and configure the iSCSI alias.

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Multipathing with iSCSI Storage

Configure port binding in

Review of Learner Objectives

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

ESXi host with