Metamorphic Textures

DennyS Djohor, Jan 2014

Metamorphic Textures
Metamorphic Textures
The Processes of Deformation, Recovery, and Recrystallization

Relict Textures

Inherited from original rock

Blasto- = relict

Tekstur Relict / Palimpset

Tekstur batuan metamorf yang dicirikan dengan tekstur sisa dari batuan asal
masih bisa diamati. Dalam penamaannya menggunakan awalan kata blasto.
Tekstur Blastoporfiritik : tekstur yang memperlihatkan batuan asal yang porfiritik.

DennyS Djohor, Jan 2014

Metamorphic Textures
The Processes of Deformation, Recovery, and Recrystallization

Pressure Solution

Figure. Undulose extinction and (b) elongate subgrains in quartz due to dislocation formation and migration
Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.

REKRISTALISASI (Proses nukleasi --- peng-inti-an)

Hasil reaksi Metamorfosa dapat :
a. Membentuk inti baru

b. Overgrowth pada jenis

mineral yang telah ada
kristal lama & baru
bersama membentuk
butiran baru.

Sketsa ideal sekuen dari perubahan tekstur pada

batuan yang didominasi oleh satu mineral (quartz sand)

Recrystallization

Figure. Recrystallized quartz with irregular (sutured) boundaries, formed by

grain boundary migration. Width 0.2 mm. From Borradaile et al. (1982).

High-Strain Metamorphic Textures (shear zones)

Figure Schematic cross section through a shear zone, showing the vertical distribution of fault-related rock types, ranging from non-cohesive
gouge and breccia near the surface through progressively more cohesive and foliated rocks. Note that the width of the shear zone increases
with depth as the shear is distributed over a larger area and becomes more ductile. Circles on the right represent microscopic views or
textures. From Passchier and Trouw (1996) Microtectonics. Springer-Verlag. Berlin.

Figure . Progressive mylonitization of a granite. From Shelton (1966).

Geology Illustrated. Photos courtesy John Shelton.

The Crystalloblastic Series

Most Euhedral
Titanite, rutile, pyrite, spinel

Garnet, sillimanite, staurolite,

tourmaline
Epidote, magnetite, ilmenite
Andalusite, pyroxene, amphibole

Mica, chlorite, dolomite, kyanite

Calcite, vesuvianite, scapolite

Feldspar, quartz, cordierite

Differences in development of crystal
form among some metamorphic
minerals. From Best (1982). Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. W. H. Freeman.
San Francisco.

Least Euhedral

TEKSTUR
1.

KESEMPURNAAN BENTUK KRISTAL ATAU KRISTALOBASTIK

IDIOBLASTIC
BENTUK KRISTAL SEMPURNA.
XENOBLASTIC BENTUK KRISTAL TIDAK SEMPURNA.

2. KESERAGAMAN UKURAN KRISTAL:

ISOGRANULAR,
ANEQUIGRANULAR .. PORPHYROBLAST.
3. HUBUNGAN ANTAR BUTIR . Fabric.
LENIATION, FOLIATED DAN NON FOLIATED.

HUBUNGAN ANTAR

BUTIR
TANPA ORIENTASI

ISOGRANULAR

POLYGONAL MOZAIC

HETEROGONAL

BENTUK MINERAL

LEPIDOBLASTIC

NEMATOBLASTIC

PORPHYROBLASTIC

GRANOBLASTIC
POLYGONAL

HETEROGRANOBLASTIC
POLYGONAL

DIABLASTIC

CATACLASTIC

GRANO- LEPIDOBLASTI
PORPHYROBLASTIC

SHAFE

GRANO- NEMATOBLASTIC

ROSETE

GRANO

NODULAR

BENTUK MINERAL

CORONATIC

VESICULAR

AUGEN

TEKSTUR UMUM
A. FOLIATED ROCKS :
1. PROTOMYLONITIC
2. AUGEN MYLONITIC.
3. ULTRAMYLON ITIC.
4. BLASTOMYLONITIC

B. TANPA FOLIASI :
1.CATACLASTIC TEXTURE.
2.PROTOCLASTIC TEXTURE.

FOLIATION:
LINEATION:

AND PLANAR FABRIC ELEMENT.

ANY LINEAR FABRIC ELEMENTS.

Types of lineations

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

susunan butir elongated.

susunan prismatic grain.
susunan platy grains.
susunan s-surface.
susunan perpotongan bidang

FOLIATION:
LINEATION:

AND PLANAR FABRIC ELEMENT.

ANY LINEAR FABRIC ELEMENTS.

Types of foliations
FOLIATION

SCHISTOSITY

PHYLLITE
SLATE

Figure Development of foliation by simple shear and pure shear (flattening).

After Passchier and Trouw (1996) Microtectonics. Springer-Verlag.

STRESS AND
METAMORPHI
C STRUCTURE

Pre-kinematic crystals
a.

b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Bent crystal with undulose

extinction
Foliation wrapped around a
porphyroblast
Pressure shadow or fringe
Kink bands or folds
Microboudinage
Deformation twins

Figure Typical textures of prekinematic crystals. From Spry

(1969) Metamorphic Textures.
Pergamon. Oxford.

Syn-kinematic crystals
Spiral Porphyroblast

Figure Syn-crystallization micro-boudinage. Syn-kinematic crystal growth can be

demonstrated by the color zoning that grows and progressively fills the gap between the
separating fragments. After Misch (1969) Amer. J. Sci., 267, 43-63.

Post-kinematic crystals
a.

Helicitic folds b. Randomly oriented crystals c. Polygonal arcs d. Chiastolite e. Late,

inclusion-free rim on a poikiloblast (?) f. Random aggregate pseudomorph

Figure Typical
textures of
post-kinematic
crystals. From
Spry (1969)
Metamorphic
Textures.
Pergamon.
Oxford.

Figure Si characteristics of clearly pre-, syn-, and post-kinematic crystals as proposed by Zwart (1962). a.
Progressively flattened Si from core to rim. b. Progressively more intense folding of Si from core to rim. c. Spiraled Si
due to rotation of the matrix or the porphyroblast during growth. After Zwart (1962) Geol. Rundschau, 52, 38-65.

Syn-kinematic crystals

Figure. Spiral Si train in

garnet, Connemara,
Ireland. Magnification
~20X. From Yardley et
al. (1990) Atlas of
Metamorphic Rocks and
their Textures.
Longmans.

Syn-kinematic crystals

Figure 23-38.
Snowball garnet
with highly rotated
spiral Si.
Porphyroblast is ~ 5
mm in diameter.
From Yardley et al.
(1990) Atlas of
Metamorphic Rocks
and their Textures.
Longmans.

Analysis of Deformed Rocks

Deformational events: D1 D2 D3
Metamorphic events: M1 M2 M3
Foliations: So S1 S2 S3

Analysis of Deformed Rocks

Figure (left)
Asymmetric
crenulation
cleavage (S2)
developed over
S1 cleavage. S2 is
folded, as can be
seen in the dark
sub-vertical S2
bands. Field
width ~ 2 mm.
Right: sequential
analysis of the
development of
the textures.
From Passchier
and Trouw (1996)
Microtectonics.
Springer-Verlag.

Analysis of Deformed Rocks

Figure . Graphical analysis of the relationships between deformation (D), metamorphism (M), mineral growth, and
textures in the rock illustrated in Figure 23-42. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology.
Prentice Hall.

Figure . Textures in a hypothetical andalusite porphyryoblast-mica

schist. After Bard (1986)

Figure. Graphical analysis of the relationships between

deformation (D), metamorphism (M), mineral growth, and
textures in the rock illustrated in Figure 23-46. Winter
(2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic
Petrology. Prentice Hall.

Figure 23-48a. Interpreted sequential development of a polymetamorphic rock. From

Spry (1969) Metamorphic Textures. Pergamon. Oxford.

Figure. Interpreted sequential development of a polymetamorphic rock. From Spry

(1969) Metamorphic Textures. Pergamon. Oxford.

Figure Interpreted sequential development of a polymetamorphic rock. From Spry (1969)

Metamorphic Textures. Pergamon. Oxford.

Progressive development (a
c) of a crenulation cleavage for
both asymmetric (top) and
symmetric (bottom) situations.
From Spry (1969) Metamorphic
Textures. Pergamon. Oxford.

Figure Asymmetric crenulation cleavages in mica-quartz-rich schist. Note horizontal compositional layering (relict
bedding) and preferential dissolution of quartz from one limb of the folds. From Borradaile et al. (1982) Atlas of
Deformational and Metamorphic Rock Fabrics. Springer-Verlag.

Figure Symmetrical crenulation cleavages in amphibole-quartz-rich schist. Note concentration of

quartz in hinge areas. From Borradaile et al. (1982) Atlas of Deformational and Metamorphic Rock
Fabrics. Springer-Verlag.

ANDALUSIT
Relief
: tinggi
bf
: sama dengan mineral kuarsa
Pemadaman : simetris.

Chiastolite

CORDIERITE
Relief
: rendah
Bentuk
: pseudoheksagonal
Pemadaman : parallel
Kadang kadang memperlihatkan carlsbad twin

CORUNDUM
Relief
: tinggi
Tidak berwarna.
Belahan
: tegas rhombik
Bentuk
: prismatik/tabular/rhombik

Textures of Contact Metamorphism

Typically shallow pluton aureoles (low-P)

Crystallization/recrystallization is near-static
Monomineralic with low D surface energy
granoblastic polygonal
Larger D S.E. decussate
Relict textures are common

Figure . Typical textures of

contact metamorphism. From
Spry (1969) Metamorphic
Textures. Pergamon. Oxford.

Progressive thermal
metamorphism of a diabase
(coarse basalt). From Best
(1982). Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. W.
H. Freeman. San Francisco.

Progressive thermal
metamorphism of a diabase
(coarse basalt). From Best
(1982). Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. W.
H. Freeman. San Francisco.

Progressive thermal
metamorphism of a diabase
(coarse basalt). From Best
(1982). Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. W. H.
Freeman. San Francisco.

Progressive thermal
metamorphism of a diabase
(coarse basalt). From Best
(1982). Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. W. H.
Freeman. San Francisco.

Progressive thermal
metamorphism of slate. From
Best (1982). Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. W. H.
Freeman. San Francisco.

Figure . Drawings of quartz-mica schists.

a. Closer spacing of micas in the lower half causes
quartz grains. From Shelley (1993).
b. Layered rock in which the growth of quartz has
been retarded by grain boundary pinning by
finer micas in the upper layer. From Vernon, 1976).

Metamorphic Textures
Textures of Regional Metamorphism
Dynamothermal (crystallization under dynamic
conditions)
Orogeny- long-term mountain-building
May comprise several Tectonic Events
May have several Deformational Phases
May have an accompanying Metamorphic Cycles
with one or more Reaction Events

Metamorphic Textures
Textures of Regional Metamorphism
Tectonite- a deformed rock with a texture that
records the deformation
Fabric- the complete spatial and geometric
configuration of textural elements
Foliation- planar textural element
Lineation- linear textural element

Progressive syntectonic
metamorphism of a volcanic
graywacke, New Zealand.
From Best (1982). Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. W. H.
Freeman. San Francisco.

Progressive syntectonic
metamorphism of a volcanic
graywacke, New Zealand.
From Best (1982). Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. W. H.
Freeman. San Francisco.

Progressive syntectonic
metamorphism of a volcanic
graywacke, New Zealand.
From Best (1982). Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. W. H.
Freeman. San Francisco.