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Trigonometric Formula
Opposite side
opposite to angle
Adjacent side beside
(adjacent) to angle
hyp
Hypotenuse- longest
side
opposite
sin =
hypotenus
adjacent
cos =
hypotenus
opposite
tan =
adjacent
adj
a
hyp
opp
b
Remember: works only
on right angle triangles
Pythagorean Theorem
Triples: 3,4,5
5,12,13
8,15,17
Distance Formula:
Midpoint Formula:
Gradient Formula:
Equation of a line
Slope-Intercept Method:
y = mx + c
Point-Gradient Method:
Parallel lines
Angle Information
Complementary angles - two angles whose
sum is 90.
Supplementary angles - two angles whose
sum is 180.
3=
7,
4=
6,
1=
4=
5,
8
3=
Solving triangles
A
Polygons
B
a
Sine rule
a
b
c
sin A sin B sin C
=
=
=
=
or
a
b
c
sin A sin B sin C
Used when any two sides and their corresponding
angles are involved to find one missing side or angle.
Cosine rule
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 2ac cos B
Quadratic Formula
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2ab cos C
If
ax 2 + bx + c = 0
then
x=
b b 2 4ac
2a
a+b+c
2
Capital letters represent Angles
Common letters represent sides
where s =
Tangent
Circle Facts
radius
diameter
2.
segment
1a.
O
Sector
4.
Diameter = 2 radius
3.
Area of circle = r2
Circumference of circle = 2r or d
360
2
Area of sector = r
360
Length of arc = 2r
6.
5.
1 2
= r 2
r sin
360
7.
Angles in circles
A
E
D
1b.
1c.
Transformational Matrices
Matrices
Adding or subtracting matrices
a b e f a e b f
c d g h c g d h
Multiplying Matrices
a b e f ae + bg af + bh
c d g h ce + dg cf + dh
Determinant of 22 Matrix
a b
A=
If
c d
A = ad cb
A singular matrices has a determinant of 0
REFLECTION
Multiply matrices by each point to get reflection in
x- axis
y- axis
y=-x
1
TRANSLATION
y
to eack point to get its image.
ROTATION
Multiply by matrices to get rotation of -degrees clockwise
about origin (0,0)
Adjoint of 22 matrix
a b
A=
c d
cos
R
sin
sin
cos
d b
A adjo int =
c a
1
R180
0
Inverse of 22 matrix
y=x
0
R90
1
0
R270
1
Enlargment
Multiply each point by scale factor K to get the image of the
point for an enlargment from the origin.
Sets
= universal set
= is a member of
= is not a member of
= union
= intersect
= null set
A' = Elements not in set A
a b
A=
c d
1
A 1 =
A adjoint
A
or
A 1 =
d b
1
ad bc c a
Reverse oppertions
+
_
sin
sin 1
cos
cos 1
tan
tan 1
f ( x)
f 1 ( x )
ax
Shape
Volume
Surface Area
Cube
lll=l3
6l2
1
l
l
Cuboid
lwh
2lw+2hw+2lh
h
l
w
Prism
bh + lb + sl + shl
h
1
bhl
2
l
b
Cylinder
r
2 2
2r
r+ 2hrh
h
or
2r ( r + h )
Cone
1
3r 2r+ hrs
2
Sphere
4
r 3
3 2
4r
2006 D. Ferguson