FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Differential Equations
HOMEWORK
MTH 201
EPOKA UNIVERSITY

Prepared by:

Briland Hitaj

Accepted by:

M.sc. Erind Bedalli

Briland Hitaj 1
Differential Equations HOMEWORK
Problem 1 The city of Bathorja had a population of 25000 in 1990 and a population of 30000 in 2000. Assume
that its population will continue to grow exponentially at a constant rate. What population can the city
planners expect in the year 2020?
Solution:

N = N0 * ek*t
N(1990) = 25000 ==> 25000 = N0 * e1990*k
N(2000)= 30000 ==> 30000 = N0 * e2000*k
0 2000
30
6
30000
10
=
==>
=

==>
= 10 ==> 10 = 65 ==>
1990
25
5
25000
0
==> =

1
6

10 5

Lets find N0:

1 6
6
30000 = 0 2000 ==> 30000 = 0 2000 10 5 = => 30000 = 0 ( )200
5

==> 0 =

30000 5200
6200

1 6
30000 5200
30000 5200 6202
2020
10 5 =
(2020) = 0
=

202
6200
6200
5
2
30000 6
30000 36
=
=
==> (2020) = 43200
25
52
2020

Answer: The city planners for the year 2020 can expect a population of 43200 persons.

Briland Hitaj 2
Differential Equations HOMEWORK
Problem 2 The intensity I of light at a depth of meters below the surface of a lake satisfies the differential
equation: dI/dx = (-1.4)x.
a) At what depth is the intensity half the intensity I0 at the surface (where x = 0)?
b) What is the intensity at a depth of 10 m(as a fraction of I0 )?
c) At what depth will the intensity be 1% of that at the surface?
Solution:
Lets suppose that at depth x the intensity of light is I, so from the given equation we perform these steps:

= 1.4 ==> = (1.4)

= (1.4) ==> =
0 =

1.4 2
+
2

a) In this part we need to find the depth in which the intensity is half of the intensity at the surface so:

0
1.4 2
0 1.4 2
0
=
+ ==>
0 =
==> =
2
2
2
2
1.4

b) In here we need to find the intensity at a depth of 10 m so:

10 =

1.4 102
+ 0 ==> 10 = 0 70
2

c) In part c we need to find the depth in which the intensity will be 1% of that at the surface so:

0.01 0 =

1.4 2
1.4 2
0.99 20
+ 0 ==> 0.990 =
==> =
==> = 1.41420
2
2
1.4

Problem 3:
Solution
The meaning of evaporation is the change of the volume of the given raindrop. The data related to the rain
drop are represented as follows:
x=radius , S=surface area, V=volume, k=constant of proportionality
x(0)=5mm

//radius at initial time

x(1)=4mm

//radius after one minute

Briland Hitaj 3
Differential Equations HOMEWORK
we have to find the radius after 2 minutes

=-kS //the minus sign is added since the volume is decreasing by time
4

V=3R3

//formula of volume of a sphere, raindrop is considered as a perfect sphere

S=4R2
3

R=

//formula of surface area of a sphere, raindrop is considered as a perfect sphere

//express the radius by means of volume

4
3

S=4(

3 2

//replace the radius found before in the formula of area, to represent the area in terms of

volume

=-62/31/3k V2/3

2/3

62/3 1/3

3V1/3=-62/31/3k t+c
V1/3=
3

R=

62/3 1/3 +
3

Replace the V1/3 with the value that we found.

3

R= 4*

62/3 1/3 +
3

R(0)=5mm
3

//It is given by the problem

R(0)= 4*3=5 ==> c=15 3

3 4

62/3 1/3 +15

R(1)= 4*

=4 62/3 1/3 =3 3

Briland Hitaj 4
Differential Equations HOMEWORK
3

R(2)= 4*
3

= 4*

62/3 1/3 +
3

3 4
3 4
+15
3
3

3 4
3 4
2+15
3
3

3 4

= 4*

=3

Answer: The radius after two minutes will be 3mm.

Problem 4: Two identical objects are placed in a room whose temperature is 25 C. At the initial moment the
temperature of the first object is 70 C and the temperature of the second one is 52 C. What will be the
temperature of the second object at the moment when the temperature of the first object is 50 C.
Solution:
According to the Newtons law of cooling, this is also applicable for heating, states that the time rate of
change of the temperature of a body is proportional to the temperature difference between the body
and its surrounding medium. Let T denote the temperature of the body and let Tm denote the
temperature of the surrounding medium. Then the time rate of change of the temperature of the body
is dT/dt, and Newtons law of cooling can be formulated as

= ( ) or as

+ =

We see that we are dealing with a first order D.E. so that in order to solve it firstly we need to find its
integration factor:
() = () ==> () = ==> () =

Now we multiply the D.E. with the integration factor so that we can be able to solve it:
ektdT/dt + ektkT= ektkTm
(ekt*T)= ekt*k*Tm
ekt*T= ekt*k*Tmdt
ekt*T=Tm* ekt+c

= +

70 = 25 +

52 = 25 +

1 1

2 1

==> 45 =

==> 27 =

1 1

2 1

==> 1 1 =

45

==> 2 1 =

27

45
1
=

2
27

Briland Hitaj 5
Differential Equations HOMEWORK
50 = 25 +

= 25 +

1 2

2 2

==> 25 = 1 2 ==> 1 2 = 25

==> 25 =

2 2

==> 2 2 =

25

25
1
=

2
25

45
25

=
==> ln 45 + 25 = ln 27 + 25 ==> 45 + 25 = 27 + 25 ==>
27
25

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1125 + 1215 675
1
+
=
+
==>
=
+

==>
=
==>
27 25
25
27 25
45
25
30375
45 25
25 =

30375
1665

==> 25 = 18.2432 ==> = 33.2432

Answer: The temperature of the 2nd object when the temperature of the 1st object is 50 C , will be 33.2432 C.
Problem 5: A tank with capacity 1500 liters initially contains 700 liters of water with 35kg of salt dissolved in it.
A solution with a salt concentration of 0.03 kg/liter enters the tank at a rate of 50 liter/hour. A well mixed
solution leaves the tank at a rate of 10 liter/hour. How much salt is in the tank in the moment that it
overflows?
Solution:
Let x be the amount of salt at time t.
The basic equation is:

= IN OUT , where:

==>

IN ==> the rate at which substance enters the mixture

OUT ==> the rate at which substance leaves the mixture

IN = 0.03 kg/lt * 50 lt/hour = 1.5 kg/hour

OUT = C kg/lt * 10 lt/hour

// with C, I denote the concentration of salt

Briland Hitaj 6
Differential Equations HOMEWORK
At time t = 0, we have 700 lt. of water with 35 kg of salt dissolved in it. Since the solution enters the
tank at a rate 50 lt/hour, but leaves the tank at a rate 10 lt/hour, we have a NET gain: 50 10 = 40 lt/hour. So,
at the end of t-hours the amount in the tank is: 700 + 40t liters.
Hence, the concentration at time t-hours is:

700+40

10

=
10 =
=

700 + 40
700 + 40
70 + 4
So, the Differential Equation becomes:
which is a linear D.E.

Converting it in the standard form we have:

p(t) =

4+70

= 1.5

q(t) = 1.5

70+4
1

4+70

= 1.5

Lets find the integration factor:

1
() = () = 4+70 = (4 + 70) 4

Multiplying both sides by the integration factor we have:

(4 + 70)

(4 + 70)

1
4

(4 + 70)

1
4

(4 + 70)

1
4

(4 + 70)

1
4

((4 + 70)

(4

1
1
1
+ (4 + 70) 4
= (1.5) (4 + 70) 4

4 + 70

1
4

1
4

1
+ 70) 4

3
1
+ (4 + 70) 4 = (1.5) (4 + 70) 4

) = [(1.5) (4 + 70)

1
4

1
4

= (1.5) (4 + 70)
= (1.5) (4 + 70)

5
4

(4 + 70)
= 1.5
5
4
4
6(4 + 70)
=
20

5
4

1
4

+ ==> =

6(4 + 70)

20(4 +

5
4

1
70) 4

1
4

(4 + 70)

==>

Briland Hitaj 7
Differential Equations HOMEWORK
=

(4 + 70) +
1
20
(4 + 70) 4

At t = 0; x(0) = 35 kg
35 =

6
(4 0 + 70) +
(70) +
==> 35 =
==> 35 = 21 +
1
1
1

20
20
(4 0 + 70) 4
(70) 4
(70) 4

= (35 21) 70

1
4

=> = 14 2.89 ==> 40.46

At any time t>0, the amount of salt in the tank is:

20

(4 + 70) +

40.46

1
(4+70) 4

Previously, I said that after t-hours the amount in the tank is: (700 + 40t) lt.
The maximum amount that the tank can get is 1500 lt. so,
700 40t = 1500 ==> 40t = 800 ==> t = 20 hours
==>at t = 20 h.
=

6
40.46
40.46
6
(4 20 + 70) +
(150) +
==> =
1
1 ==> = 45 + 11.58 ==>
20
20
(4 20 + 70) 4
(150) 4

= 56.59 . is the amount of salt at the moment when the tank overflows.
Answer: The amount of salt when the tank overflows is 56.59 kg.

Briland Hitaj 8
Differential Equations HOMEWORK
References:
Ross, Shepley L. Differential Equations. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley. Print.