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Systems Operation
966G Series II Wheel Loader and 972G Series II Wheel Loader Power Train
Media Number -RENR4386-05
i01774797
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Illustration 1
Start Relay
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The start relay is an output of the power train electronic control module (ECM). The start relay turns the
start solenoid on and off. The start solenoid controls the starting motor. When the operator turns the key
start switch to the START position and the power train ECM decides that all the starting conditions are
satisfied, the power train ECM energizes the start relay with a +battery signal. The power train ECM
will not allow the engine to be started unless the transmission direction and speed control lever (if
equipped) is in the NEUTRAL position. The power train ECM will not allow the engine to be started
unless the transmission direction control switch (if equipped) is in the NEUTRAL position. If the
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transmission direction and speed control lever (if equipped) or the transmission direction control switch
(if equipped) is in the NEUTRAL position, the power train ECM activates the start relay. The start relay
allows the starting motor to turn. The power train ECM will not allow the starter to activate if the engine
is running.
The start relay has a connector with two contacts. One contact receives power from connector contact
J1-8 of the power train ECM. The other contact returns power to connector contact J2-3 of the power
train ECM.
Terminal 3 of the start relay connects to a +battery source. Terminal 4 connects to the start solenoid.
Reference: For more information on the key start switch, refer to the Service Manual module Systems
Operation, "Switches" for the machine that is being serviced.
Reference: For more information on the power train electronic control module (ECM), refer to the
Service Manual module Systems Operation, "Electronic Control Module (Power Train)" for the machine
that is being serviced.
3 and 2
4 and 2
5 and 2
6 and 2
Neutral
6 and 1
5 and 1
4 and 1
3 and 1
Conventional Steering
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Illustration 2
(1) Autoshift switch
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Illustration 3
(3) Transmission downshift switch.
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Illustration 4
(4) Transmission direction and speed control lever.
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In order to manually shift the transmission, the autoshift switch (1) must be in the MANUAL position
(2). Shifting the transmission is the main function of the power train electronic control module (ECM).
The power train ECM interprets the changes in the switch position. After the power train ECM interprets
the changes in the switch position, the power train ECM shifts the transmission.
Transmission direction and speed control lever (4) is a sealed unit. The transmission direction and speed
control lever is mounted on the steering column. The transmission direction and speed control lever
allows the operator to select a speed range by rotating the control lever. The operator can select a
direction by moving the transmission direction and speed control lever forward or backward. The
transmission will remain in the selected direction until the transmission direction and speed control lever
is moved forward or backward. The transmission will remain in the selected speed until the transmission
direction and speed control lever is rotated to a different speed.
When transmission downshift switch (3) is depressed, the transmission downshift switch signals the
power train ECM to downshift the transmission by one speed. If second speed forward or second speed
reverse are selected, the transmission will shift to first speed by depressing transmission downshift
switch (3). The transmission will remain in first speed until transmission direction and speed control
lever (4) is shifted into the opposite direction or to the NEUTRAL position.
When the key start switch is turned from the OFF position to ON position, the power train ECM is
activated. When the power train ECM is first activated all of the clutch solenoid modulating valves are
de-energized. The clutch solenoid modulating valves are de-energized regardless of the position of
transmission direction and speed control lever (4). The power train ECM then determines if the
transmission direction and speed control lever is in the NEUTRAL position. The power train ECM
disables the transmission if the NEUTRAL position is NOT selected. If the NEUTRAL position is NOT
selected, the transmission direction and speed control lever must be returned to the NEUTRAL position
before a direction can be selected. The power train ECM activates the start relay and the power train
ECM allows the engine to start if the transmission direction and speed control lever is in the NEUTRAL
position. The power train ECM allows the initial selected speed to be changed if the transmission
direction and speed control lever is in the NEUTRAL position.
Note: Transmission direction and speed control lever (4) must be in the NEUTRAL position when the
key start switch is turned to the START position. If the transmission direction and speed control lever is
not in the NEUTRAL position, the start relay will not be activated when the key start switch is turned.
For additional information on the neutral start function, refer to "Neutral Start Function".
Reference: For more information on the switches for the transmission direction and speed control lever,
refer to the Service Manual module Systems Operation, "Switches" for the machine that is being
serviced.
Reference: For more information on the key start switch, refer to the Service Manual module Systems
Operation, "Switches" for the machine that is being serviced.
Reference: For more information on the power train electronic control module (ECM), refer to the
Service Manual module Systems Operation, "Electronic Control Module (Power Train)" for the machine
that is being serviced.
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REVERSE
Position
Transmission
Shift
NEUTRAL
Position
Transmission
Shift
FORWARD
Position
Transmission
Shift
UP SHIFT
Position
Transmission
Shift
DOWN
SHIFT
Position
Transmission
Shift
4F
4R
Neutral(1) (4N)
No Change
No Change
3F
3F
3R
Neutral(1) (3N)
No Change
4F
2F
2F
2R
Neutral(1) (2N)
No Change
3F
1F
1F
1R
Neutral(1) (1N)
No Change
2F
No Change
Last(2)
Next(3)
Prior(3)
Neutral(1)
(1N, 2N,
3N, 4N)
Last(2)
No Change
1R
No Change
Neutral(1) (1N)
1F
2R
No Change
2R
No Change
Neutral(1) (2N)
2F
3R
1R
3R
No Change
Neutral(1) (3N)
3F
4R
2R
4R
No Change
Neutral(1) (4N)
4F
No Change
3R
(1) The
speed and the direction that is shown in bold print is the gear readout.
(2) A
directional shift out of neutral will cause a speed shift to the last speed that was selected in either forward or reverse.
(3) Speed shifts are allowed when neutral is selected. The gear readout will change the speed that is shown when neutral is
selected and a speed shift is made. However, none of the solenoids are activated until forward or reverse is selected.
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Illustration 5
(5) Autoshift switch
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Illustration 6
(7) Transmission direction control switch
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The autoshift switch (5) tells the power train ECM of the desired shift mode, AUTO mode or MANUAL
mode. In order to manually shift the transmission, the autoshift switch must be in the MANUAL (6)
position. Shifting the transmission is the main function of the power train electronic control module
(ECM). The power train ECM interprets the changes in the switch position. After the power train ECM
interprets the changes in the switch position, the power train ECM shifts the transmission.
The transmission direction control switch (7) and the transmission speed selector switch (8) are located
on the steering wheel. The transmission direction control switch is a three-position switch that selects
either forward, neutral, or reverse.
The operator selects a direction by moving transmission direction control switch (7) to one of three
positions. The transmission direction control switch tells the power train ECM of the desired direction of
travel.
The transmission speed selector switch (8) is a momentary rocker switch. The transmission speed
selector switch allows the operator to select the speed range of the transmission. Press the top of the
transmission speed selector switch in order to increase the speed of the transmission. The power train
ECM will upshift the transmission to the next higher gear. Press the bottom of the transmission speed
selector switch in order to decrease the speed of the transmission. The power train ECM will downshift
the transmission to the next lower gear. Transmission speed selector switch has four input connections at
the power train ECM on connector J1.
Note: The correct status of the four input connections is required. This will allow the power train ECM
to decide when the power train ECM should make each shift.
Note: The normally closed (N/C) circuit and normally open (N/O) circuit of the transmission downshift
switch are used for diagnostic purposes. The normally closed (N/C) circuit and normally open (N/O)
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circuit of the transmission upshift switch are used for diagnostic purposes. If the normally closed (N/C)
circuit and normally open (N/O) circuit are open at the same time, the power train ECM records a fault.
If the normally closed (N/C) circuit and normally open (N/O) circuit are grounded at the same time, the
power train ECM records a fault.
When the key start switch is turned from the OFF position to ON position, the power train ECM is
activated. When the power train ECM is first activated all of the clutch solenoid modulating valves are
de-energized. The clutch solenoid modulating valves are de-energized regardless of the position of
transmission direction control switch (5). The power train ECM then determines if transmission
direction control switch (7) is in the NEUTRAL position. The power train ECM disables the
transmission if the NEUTRAL position is NOT selected. If the transmission direction control switch is
in the NEUTRAL position, the power train ECM selects the current speed and the current direction as
neutral. The power train ECM activates the start relay if the transmission direction control switch is in
the NEUTRAL position. When the start relay is activated, the engine is allowed to start.
Note: Transmission direction control switch (7) must be in the NEUTRAL position when the key is
turned to the START position. If the transmission direction control switch is not in the NEUTRAL
position, the start relay will not be activated. For additional information on the neutral start function,
refer to "Neutral Start Function".
Reference: For more information on the Caterpillar Monitoring System, refer to the Service Manual
module Systems Operation, "Monitoring System (Power Train Functions)" for the machine that is being
serviced.
Reference: For additional information on the transmission direction control switch and the transmission
speed selector switch, refer to the Service Manual module Systems Operation, "Switches" for the
machine that is being serviced.
Reference: For more information on the key start switch, refer to the Service Manual module Systems
Operation, "Switches" for the machine that is being serviced.
Reference: For more information on the power train electronic control module (ECM), refer to the
Service Manual module Systems Operation, "Electronic Control Module (Power Train)" for the machine
that is being serviced.
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Illustration 7
(1) Autoshift switch
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Illustration 8
(4) Downshift switch.
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The transmission can be shifted automatically. There are two modes of automatic operation: (2) 1-4
position and (3) 2-4 position.
The automatic mode of operation is represented by two numbers that are separated by a dash. The first
number indicates the speed of the transmission when the transmission is placed into gear. The second
number indicates the highest speed of the transmission when the machine is travelling.
For example, place the autoshift control switch into the 2-4 position. The machine will automatically
shift into second gear when the transmission is placed into gear. The transmission will automatically
upshift into fourth gear as the machine accelerates.
Use the transmission downshift switch (4) that is located on the lift lever on the right side of the
operator's compartment in order to downshift the transmission. This switch is normally used to
downshift from second speed to first speed in order to load a bucket. The transmission will remain in the
downshifted gear for three seconds after the switch is released. Then, automatic shifting will resume. If
the transmission is downshifted to first speed, the machine remains there until there is a direction
change.
Note: If a downshift would cause an engine overspeed condition, the power train ECM will prevent the
downshift from occurring.
Note: The setting of the transmission direction and speed control lever will limit the top gear.
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Illustration 9
(5) Autoshift switch
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Illustration 10
(10) . (11) .
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The autoshift switch is used to select the top speed for the transmission when the transmission is in the
AUTO mode.
The transmission can be shifted automatically. There are four modes of automatic operation: (6) 2-4
position, (7) 2-3 position, (8) 2 position and (9) 1-4 position.
The automatic mode of operation is represented by two numbers that are separated by a dash. The first
number indicates the top speed of the transmission when the transmission is placed into gear. The
second number indicates the highest speed of the transmission when the machine is travelling.
For example, place the autoshift switch into the 2-3 position. The machine will automatically shift into
second gear when the transmission is placed into gear. The transmission will automatically upshift into
third speed when the machine accelerates.
When the machine is operating in "AUTO" mode, the transmission speed selector switch (11) can be
used in order to downshift the transmission. This switch is normally used to downshift from second
speed to first speed in order to load a bucket. The transmission will remain in the downshifted gear for
three seconds after the switch is released. Then, automatic shifting will resume. If the transmission is
downshifted to first speed, the machine remains there until there is a direction change or a manual
upshift.
Note: If a downshift would cause an engine overspeed condition, the power train ECM will prevent the
downshift from occurring.
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Illustration 11
(1) Left pedal position sensor.
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Left pedal position sensor (1) is located in the cab in the left brake pedal assembly. The left pedal
position sensor is a pulse width modulated (PWM) sensor. The left pedal position sensor informs the
power train ECM of the position of the left brake pedal. When the left brake pedal is depressed, the left
pedal position sensor sends a PWM signal to the power train ECM. The power train ECM uses the
PWM input in order to neutralize the transmission.
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Illustration 12
Transmission neutralizer override switch
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The transmission neutralizer override switch is an input of the power train ECM. The input is used by
the power train ECM to decide if the transmission neutralizer should be disabled. The transmission
neutralizer override switch is a momentary rocker switch.
Left pedal position sensor (1) signals the power train ECM to neutralize the transmission if the
transmission neutralizer is enabled. When the machine is started, the transmission neutralizer is enabled.
When the transmission neutralizer override switch is depressed and released, the transmission
neutralizer is alternately enabled or disabled.
The transmission is neutralized by de-energizing the selected direction clutch solenoid. The selected
speed clutch solenoid is still energized. The engine rpm will increase when the transmission is
neutralized due to the no-load condition from the transmission. This allows full hydraulic power for
bucket operation.
Note: When the transmission is neutralized, the readout on the Caterpillar Monitoring System continues
to show the speed that is selected but the direction will read neutral.
Note: When the transmission neutralizer is disabled, the neutralizer disable indicator on the dash is
activated.
Reference: For more information on the left pedal position sensor, refer to the Service Manual module
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Service Manual module Systems Operation, "Electronic Control Module (Power Train)" for the machine
that is being serviced.
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Illustration 13
(1) Ride control switch.
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Illustration 14
Indicator display
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Ride control is an optional function that is enabled by a programmable parameter via the Caterpillar
Electronic Technician (ET). Ride control can also be enabled by the calibration mode of the Caterpillar
Monitoring System. Ride control is enabled when the operator places the ride control switch (1) in the
ON position or the AUTO position. In the ON position, ride control is activated at all times and the
power train ECM continuously energizes the ride control solenoid. In the AUTO position, ride control is
activated when the machine ground speed increases above approximately 6 mph. In the AUTO position,
ride control is deactivated when the machine ground speed is below approximately 5.5 mph. The default
speed can be changed with the configuration screen of the Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET). As
ride control is activated and deactivated the ride control solenoid is energized and de-energized.
The two ride control solenoids for the ride control are outputs of the power train ECM. The ride control
solenoids turn the ride control system on and off. When ride control is disabled, the number one ride
control solenoid is de-energized and the number two ride control solenoid is energized. When ride
control is enabled, the number one ride control solenoid is energized 5 seconds after the number two ride
control solenoid is de-energized. The delay time can be changed with the ride control equalization
pressure time parameter of the Caterpillar Electronic Technician (ET). Both of the ride control solenoids
have a connector with two contacts. The number one ride control solenoid receives power from the
connector contact J1-18 of the power train ECM. The number two ride control solenoid receives power
from the connector contact J1-12 of the power train ECM. Both of the ride control solenoids return
power to connector contact J2-3 of the power train ECM.
Reference: For more information on the Caterpillar Monitoring System, refer to the Service Manual
module Systems Operation, "Monitoring Systems (Power Train Functions)" for the machine that is
being serviced.
Reference: For more information on the power train electronic control module (ECM), refer to the
Service Manual module Systems Operation, "Electronic Control Module (Power Train)" for the machine
that is being serviced.
Diagnostic Operation
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The power train electronic control module (ECM) detects faults that occur in most of the input circuits
and the output circuits. A fault is detected when the signal at the contact of the power train ECM is
outside a valid range. The power train ECM then records the fault. If the fault goes away, the fault
information remains stored for future reference.
The diagnostics of the power train ECM are available to assist with the troubleshooting of detected
faults. A service code is used to specify each fault. These service codes are shown in the display area of
the Caterpillar Monitoring System. Service codes consist of three identifiers: MID, CID and FMI.
Module Identifier (MID) - The MID is a three-digit code that is shown on the display area. The MID is
shown for approximately one second before the service code that is shown in the same area. The power
train ECM that has diagnosed the fault is logged by the MID. The following examples are of some
MID's.
Caterpillar Monitoring System ... 030
Power Train ECM ... 081
Note: The MID of the power train control is "081". Before troubleshooting the power train, make sure
that "081" is the service code of the fault. The Caterpillar Monitoring System also shows service codes
of the faults that are not related to the power train system. MID 081 identifies the power train ECM as
the source of the service code.
Component Identifier (CID) - The components that are faulty are noted by the CID. The following
components are examples: start relay and reverse solenoid. The CID is a four digit code that is shown on
the display area. The CID and the FMI are shown together after the MID has been displayed.
Reference: For a list of the CID codes for the power train ECM, refer to the Service Manual module
Testing And Adjusting, "Troubleshooting Diagnostic Codes" for the machine that is being serviced.
Failure Mode Identifier (FMI) - The FMI tells the type of failure that has occurred. The following
situations are examples: voltage above normal, current below normal and abnormal frequency. The FMI
is a two digit code that is shown on the display area. The CID and the FMI are shown together after the
MID has been displayed. A decimal point "." precedes the FMI.
Reference: For a list of the FMI codes for the power train ECM, refer to the Service Manual module
Testing And Adjusting, "Troubleshooting Diagnostic Codes" for the machine that is being serviced.
The power train ECM does not have a display area for displaying diagnostic information to service
personnel. Diagnostic information concerning the power train system is sent on the CAT Data Link to
the Caterpillar Monitoring System. Service personnel must be familiar with the Caterpillar Monitoring
System in order to troubleshoot the power train system.
The service mode of the Caterpillar Monitoring System allows service personnel to see the faults that
were detected by the power train ECM. The service mode of the Caterpillar Monitoring System allows
service personnel to troubleshoot the faults that were detected by the power train ECM. While the
Caterpillar Monitoring System is in the service mode, the service code for any detected fault of the
power train electronic control system is shown in the display area of the Caterpillar Monitoring System.
When the service mode is first entered, all service codes for any detected faults scroll in the display area.
For troubleshooting and clearing, the particular service code must be placed on hold. The display area
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continuously alternates between showing the MID, and then showing both the CID and the FMI of the
particular service code for the fault that is on hold.
The Caterpillar Monitoring System enters service mode when ground is removed from the service input
and the clear input. The mode number 3 for service mode is shown in the display area of the Caterpillar
Monitoring System. To place a service code for a fault on hold, ground the service input. To clear a
service code for a fault on hold, ground the clear input. The Caterpillar Monitoring System exits service
mode when ground is added to the service input and the clear input.
Note: The time that is needed to clear a fault and the time that is needed to set a fault can last less than 1
second up to 60 seconds.
Reference: For more information on the CAT Data Link, refer to the Service Manual module Systems
Operation, "CAT Data Link" for the machine that is being serviced.
Reference: For more information on the power train electronic control module (ECM), refer to the
Service Manual module Systems Operation, "Electronic Control Module (Power Train)" for the machine
that is being serviced.
Reference: For more information on the Caterpillar Monitoring System, refer to the Service Manual
module Systems Operation, "Monitoring Systems (Power Train Functions)" for the machine that is
being serviced.
Note: The Service Manual modules Systems Operation, Testing and Adjusting, "Caterpillar Monitoring
System" should only be used as a reference to the display of the faults of the power train electronic
control system.
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