2010

YEAR 11 PRELIMINARY COURSE

YEARLY EXAM

STUDENT NAME
_________________________

Chemistry
2 UNIT

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Working time - 2 hours
Write your name on your question and
answer papers.
Topics examined in this paper are
The Chemical Earth
Metals
Water
Energy
Attempt ALL questions
You will require a calculator for this exam.
Write all answers in the spaces provided in
the answer booklet using a blue or black
pen. Draw diagrams using pencil.
If you require scrap paper for working ask
your supervising teacher.

Section I
Total marks (20)
Attempt questions 1 - 20
Allow about 35 minutes for this part.
Part B
Total marks (55)
Attempt questions 21 - 31
Allow about 1 hour and 25 minutes for this part.
Total marks = 75

A copy of the Periodic Table Of The

Elements and Data Sheet is supplied.
Please return it at the end of the exam

Section I
20 marks
Attempt Questions 120
Allow about 35 minutes for this section
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question and indicate your choice with a
cross (X) in the appropriate space on the grid below.

11

12

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19

10

20

Page 2

Which of the following correctly shows the most abundant element, by mass, in each
region of Earth?
Lithosphere

Hydrosphere

Atmosphere

(A)

Oxygen

Hydrogen

Oxygen

(B)

Iron

Oxygen

Hydrogen

(C)

Aluminium

Water

Oxygen

(D)

Oxygen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

What is the correct formula for iron(III) sulfate?

(A) FeS3
(B) Fe2(SO4)3
(C) Fe3SO4
(D) Fe(SO4)3

Which process requires the largest energy input for a given mass of water?
(A) Melting
(B) Heating to boiling point
(C) Vaporisation to steam
(D) Electrolysis

In general, the electronegativity of an element

(A) Shows no particular trend in the periodic table
(B) Increase up to group 4 and decreases to group 8
(C) Increases across a row in the periodic table
(D) Increases down a group in the periodic table

Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen, often represented by the symbol D. The deuterium

nucleus consists of 1 proton and 1 neutron, and is present in all naturally occurring
hydrogen (0.03 % by mass).
What is the closest approximation to the molecular mass of a methane molecule, which
includes 1 deuterium atom?
(A) 2
(B) 6
(C) 17
(D) 20

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Silicon carbide (SiC) is widely used as an abrasive.

Which of the following set of properties best applies to silicon carbide?
(A) Hard, high-melting, covalent network structure
(B) Hard, conducts when molten, ionic structure
(C) Brittle, non-conducting, small molecules
(D) Lustrous, hard, metallic structure

Chlorine can be produced by electrolysis of seawater, in which the chloride ion

concentration is 0.05 mol L1.
What is the mass of chlorine, in grams, which can be extracted from 100 L of seawater?
(A) 35.5 100 0.05
(B) 100 0.05 71
(C) 100 0.05 35.5
(D) 100 0.05 71

Metals used in jewellery are also those most likely to be found uncombined, as native
metals.
Which of the following properties explains this?
(A) Low chemical reactivity
(B)High density
(C)High lustre
(D) Easily worked

A possible source of hydrogen as a fuel is the reaction of natural gas with steam,
over a catalyst, and at high temperature.
CH4(g) + 2H2O(g) CO2(g) + 4H2(g)
In this reaction, what is the volume of hydrogen which can be produced from 1.0 m3 of
methane, measured in m3?
(A) 1.0
(B) 2.0
(C) 4.0
(D) 8.0

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10

A sample of 15.0 L of hydrogen gas has a mass of 1.2 g. The density of this sample
of gas would be
(A) 0.0044 g L-1
(B) 0.08 g L-1
(C) 0.61 g L-1
(D) 0.66 g L-1

11

Sodium phosphide (Na3P) is a soluble salt. A solution of this salt would contain
(A) sodium phosphide molecules
(B) sodium ions, Na+ and phosphate ions, PO43(C) sodium ions, Na+ and phosphide ions, P3(D) sodium ions, phosphide ions and sodium phosphide molecules

12

A 10.0 mL volume of 0.10 mol L1 CaCl2 solution is diluted to 1.0 L using distilled water.
What is the concentration of calcium ions, in mol L1, in the resulting solution?
(A) 0.001
(B) 0.002
(C) 0.02
(D) 0.05

13

When silver nitrate is added to calcium chloride solution the following reaction occurs:

2AgNO3(aq) + CaCl2(aq) Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2AgCl(s)

What mass of silver chloride is obtained by adding excess silver nitrate solution to a
mL volume of 0.10 mol L-1 CaCl2 solution?
(A) 0.143 g
14

(B) 0.287 g

(C) 14.3 g

(D) 143 g

For each of the properties listed below, water has a high value compared with similar-sized
molecules of other compounds.
Which of these properties is most important in providing a stable environment for aquatic
organisms such as fish?
(A) Density
(B)Boiling point
(C)Surface tension
(D) Heat capacity

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15

When ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water the temperature decreases.

Which of the following is the best explanation for this?
(A) The dissolution is exothermic and heat is lost to the surroundings.
(B)The dissolution is endothermic and heat is absorbed from the water.
(C)The ammonium nitrate was colder than the water.
(D) More energy was released by forming bonds than was absorbed in breaking bonds.

16

Nitrogen molecules contain triple covalent bonds. When a nitrogen molecule reacts with
a hydrogen molecule under heat and pressure this triple bond is broken and ammonia is
formed. The formation of ammonia gas is represented by the following equation.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
What is the total number of covalent bonds represented in this equation that are broken
and formed?

17

Bonds broken

Bonds formed

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

The diagram below shows the apparatus used in fractional distillation.

The correct names of the parts labelled X,Y and Z are in order
(A) reaction flask, evaporating column, condenser
(B) boiling flask, condenser, cooling column
(C) boiling flask, fractionating column, condenser
(D)

fractionating column, boiling flask, condenser

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18

A swimming pool contains 20 000 L of water at 14C.

What is the quantity of heat, in kJ, required to raise the pool temperature to 21C?
(A) 20 000 (21 14)
(B)4.18 20 000 (21 14)
(C)20 000 4.18 21
(D) 4.18 (21 14) 20 000

19

Which of the following is a renewable source of methane?

(A) A natural gas well
(B)Coal seams
(C)Sewage plants
(D) Fractional distillation of petroleum

20

What is the correct IUPAC (scientific) name for the compound with the following
structure?

CH3CH2CH2CHCHCH3
(A) 2-hexene
(B)2-pentene
(C)4-hexene
(D) 3-pentene

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Section II
55 marks
Attempt All Questions
Allow about 1 hour 25 minutes for this section
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.

Question 21 (8 marks)

Marks

From July 2011, all standard petrol in NSW is required to have at least 10% ethanol
by volume. This fuel is called E10.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is a colourless liquid which boils at 78C and is completely soluble in
water.
Petrol consists of a mixture of alkanes boiling in the range of about 50C to 180C.
(a)

Explain why ethanol dissolves in water while petrol does not.

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(b)

A student is asked to safely remove the ethanol from a 100 mL sample of E10 petrol.
(i)

Outline a practical method the student could use. In addition , name a piece
of apparatus the student should use.
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Question 21 continues on the next page

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Question 21 (continued)
(ii)

Marks

Outline TWO safe working procedures you would observe for this experiment.
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(c)

Natural gas is a fossil fuel often found where petroleum is found.

(i)

Name the main compound found in natural gas.

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(ii)

Describe the origin of natural gas.

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End of Question 21
Question 22 (7 marks)
(a)

Marks

Construct Lewis diagrams and state the electronic configurations of the ions present in
aluminium(III) oxide, commonly called alumina.
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(b)

According to models, aluminium ions are also present in the element aluminium.
Compare the bonding in aluminium and alumina, at the atomic level.
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(c)

Describe TWO contrasting properties of aluminium and alumina which reflect their
different bonding arrangements.
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Question 23 (4 marks)

Marks

Industrially, aluminium metal is extracted by electrolysis of molten alumina, itself extracted

from bauxite ore.
(a)

Calculate the expected percentage yield of aluminium from a typical bauxite ore, which
provides 1.0 tonne of pure alumina from 2.0 tonnes of bauxite.
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(b)

In terms of bonding and structure, explain why the extraction of aluminium from alumina
requires about 20 times the energy required to recycle aluminium.
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Question 24 (4 marks)

Marks

The table below applies to elements from the first four periods of the Periodic Table
(i.e. atomic numbers less than 37).
Complete the table below identifying ONE element (by name or symbol) which matches
EACH description.
Property

Element

Is the most reactive nonmetal

Consists of monatomic molecules
Is a semi-metal
Has the highest ionisation energy

Page 11

collected
gas from lithium
acid solution

Question 25 (5 marks)

Marks

A student reacts 0.01 mol samples of each of lithium and magnesium, separately, in dilute
sulfuric acid.
The gas released is collected in a measuring cylinder as shown in the diagram.

(a)

Construct a net ionic equation for the reaction of lithium with dilute sulfuric acid.
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(b)

Calculate the moles of gas collected and the number of gas molecules formed, for lithium.
2
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(c)

On the diagram above part (a), draw a line to show the water level in the cylinder when the
experiment is repeated using magnesium in place of lithium. Explain your answer.
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Question 26 (4 marks)
(a)

Marks

Using suitable examples from metals within elements 1 to 20, explain the
relationship between first ionisation energy and chemical reactivity for metals.
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(b)

A 4.20 g sample of pure calcium metal is added to 16.4 mL of hydrochloric acid and
completely reacts.
Calculate the concentration of the salt produced in this reaction.
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Question 27 (5 marks)

Marks

To discover the solubility of some ionic compounds in water, solutions are mixed dropwise in
depressions on a plastic sheet, as shown below. The shaded areas represent precipitates formed
after mixing.
Solution

NaCl(aq)

Na2CO3(aq)

K2SO4(aq)

NaOH(aq)

BaCl2(aq)

Zn(NO3)2(aq)

Mg(NO3)2(aq)

AgNO3(aq)

(a)

Predict the reaction, writing an ionic equation, when barium hydroxide is mixed with
magnesium chloride solution.
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(b)

From the results shown in the table, describe a test, including an equation, to distinguish
between barium ions and zinc ions in solution.
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(c)

Equal volumes of 0.20 mol L1 silver nitrate solution and 0.20 mol L1 magnesium chloride
solution are mixed.
Determine the concentration of the chloride ions remaining in the resulting solution.
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Question 28 (6 marks)

Marks

(a)

Construct a Lewis diagram for the water molecule AND sketch the molecular shape of
water, showing its polarity.

(b)

Water has a much larger surface tension than liquids such as hydrocarbons.
Relate the high surface tension of water to its molecular properties.
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(c)

Explain the role of water as an agent in the weathering of rocks at Earths surface.
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Question 29 (6 marks)

Marks

The table below shows some properties of the allotropes of carbon - diamond and graphite.
Property
Melting point (C)
Electrical conductivity (MS m1)
Hardness (Mohs Scale)

(a)

Diamond
3730
1017
10

Graphite
3550
0.07
1.5

Define the term allotrope. .................................................................................................

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(b)

Explain why some properties of diamond and graphite, such as melting point, are so
similar, yet other properties, such as hardness and electrical conductivity, are so different.
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(c)

Describe ONE use of graphite AND relate this use to its physical properties.
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Question 30 (3 marks)

Marks

Fossil fuels can be described as stored photosynthetic energy.

Discuss this statement.
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Question 31 (3 marks)
(a)

Marks

Identify the homologous series to which the compound C7H14 belongs.

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(b)

Explain the general trend in density as molecular mass increase in this series.
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(c)

State two probable safe conditions for the storage of this hydrocarbon .
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End of paper

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