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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
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Date

Retaining Wall Design : Ver W2.4.01 - 01 Apr 2008

Title : Cantilever wall example
C14

Input Data

H1
H2
H3
Hw
Hr
B
D

(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)

Wall Dimensions
3.5 C
3.5 F
0 xf
3.5 At
0.36 Ab
0 Cov wall
1 Cov base

0.45
0
1
0.3
0.3
50
50

(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
mm
mm

Unfactored Live Loads

W
10
(kN/m)
P
0
(kN)
xp
10
(m)
L
0
(kN/m)
xl
2.60
(m)
Lh
0
(kN/m)
x
0
(m)

General Parameters
30
()
Soil frict
0
Fill slope ()
20
Wall frict ()
25
Conc kN/m3
18
kN/m3
Soil
fcu
35
(MPa)
fy
460
(MPa)

Design Parameters
SF Overt.
1.5
SF Slip
1.5
ULS DL Factor
1.4
ULS LL Factor
1.6
Pmax
400
(kPa)
0.5
Soil Poisson
DL Factor Ovt.
0.9

Seepage allowed
Active pressure applied on back of shear key for sliding
Theory
: Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:ON

Hor Accel. (g) 0.02

Vert Accel. (g) 0.01
Include LL's
Y

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka
Passive Pressure coefficient Kp
Seismic Active Pressure coefficient Kas
Seismic Passive Pressure coefficient Kps
Base frictional constant

:0.297
:6.105
:0.313
:5.934
:0.577

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m

Description
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa
Siesmic component of Pa
Triangular W-table press Pw
Seismic component of Pw
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: uniform portion
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: triangular portion
As a result of surcharge w
Siesmic wall inertia
Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp
Siesmic component of Pp
Weight of the wall + base
Weight of soil on the base
Hydrostatic pressure on top
of rear portion of base
Hydrostatic pressure on top

width
FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )
F Horizontal
Lever arm F Vertical
Lever arm
left (+)
down (+)
32.429
1.627
43.273
1.052

1.213
2.100
1.189
2.100

10.192
0.742

1.750
1.292

-354.102
8.572

1.144
2.100

11.803
0.592
0.000
0.000
-44.189

0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.650

0.000

0.867

3.710

0.300

37.125
24.730
29.621

0.345
0.800
0.800

0.000

0.000

Job Number

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Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

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Calcs by

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Date

UDL of 10.0 kPa

9.900

0.800

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m

width

1.Moment Equilibrium
Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.
For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:
Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.
Stabilizing moment Mr : 469.41 kNm
Destabilizing moment Mo : 133.68 kNm
Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 3.511
2.Force Equilibrium at SLS
Sum of Vertical forces Pv
Frictional resistance Pfric
Passive Pressure on shear key
Passive pressure on base
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr

: 72.70 kN
: 41.97 kN
: 300.18 kN
: 354.10 kN
: 696.25 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw :

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht :
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh :

86.64 kN
0.00 kN
86.64 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 8.036

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

All forces/moments are per m

width
FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )
F Horizontal
Lever arm F Vertical
Lever arm
left (+)
down (+)

Description
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa
Siesmic component of Pa
Triangular W-table press Pw
Seismic component of Pw
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: uniform portion
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: triangular portion
As a result of surcharge w
Siesmic wall inertia
Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp
Siesmic component of Pp
Weight of the wall + base
Weight of soil on the base
Hydrostatic pressure on top
of rear portion of base
Hydrostatic pressure on top
of front portion of base
UDL of 9.0 kPa

45.922
2.603
60.919
1.472

16.307
1.188

1.750
1.292

-318.692
7.714

1.144
2.100

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m

1.220
2.100
1.192
2.100

width

16.525
0.948
0.000
0.000
-61.865

0.300
0.300
0.300
0.300
0.650

0.000

0.867

5.935

0.300

33.413
22.257
26.659

0.345
0.800
0.800

0.000

0.000

8.910

0.800

Job Number

Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Checked by

Date

Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.

For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:
Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.
Stabilizing moment Mr : 422.47 kNm
Destabilizing moment Mo : 192.19 kNm
Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 2.198
2.Force Equilibrium at ULS
Sum of Vertical forces Pv
Frictional resistance Pfric
Passive Pressure on shear key
Passive pressure on base
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr

: 65.43 kN
: 37.78 kN
: 270.16 kN
: 318.69 kN
: 626.63 kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw : 124.34 kN

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht :
0.00 kN
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh : 124.34 kN
Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 5.040

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS

Maximum pressure :-14.61 kPa
Minimum pressure : 0 kPa at 11.25 m from left hand side of base.
Maximum pressure occurs at right hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO BS8110 - 1997

Position from
base top (m )
0.00
0.06
0.12
0.18
0.24
0.31
0.37
0.43
0.49
0.55
0.61
0.67
0.73
0.79
0.85
0.92
0.98
1.04
1.10
1.16
1.22
1.28
1.34
1.40
1.46
1.52
1.59
1.65
1.71

Moment
(kNm )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Nominal (0.13%)

(mm/m )
(mm/m )
(mm/m )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00

Job Number

Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

1.89
1.95
2.01
2.07
2.13
2.20
2.26
2.32
2.38
2.44
2.50
2.56
2.62
2.68
2.74
2.81
2.87
2.93
2.99
3.05

Client
Calcs by

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.01
0.00

Checked by

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Date

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.43
0.46
0.30
0.10
0.00

390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00
390.00

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO BS8110 - 1997

Position from
left (m )
0.00
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.13
0.16
0.18
0.21
0.23
0.26
0.29
0.31
0.34
0.36
0.39
0.42
0.44
0.47
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.65
0.68
0.70
0.73
0.75
0.78
0.81
0.83
0.86
0.88
0.91
0.94
0.96
0.99
1.01
1.04
1.07

Moment
(kNm )
-0.00
-0.01
-0.04
-0.09
-0.17
-0.26
-0.36
-423.46
-402.78
-384.68
-366.99
-349.72
-332.87
-316.44
-300.42
-284.81
-269.63
-254.86
-240.50
-226.56
-213.04
-199.93
-187.24
-174.97
-163.11
-151.67
-140.64
-130.03
-119.83
-110.06
-100.69
-91.75
-83.22
-75.10
-67.41
-60.13
-53.26
-46.81
-40.78
-35.16
-29.96
-25.17

Top Reinforcing
(mm/m )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2301.23
1995.05
1886.10
1780.92
1679.41
1581.49
1487.06
1396.05
1312.51
1231.76
1153.57
1077.95
1004.89
934.39
866.46
801.09
738.28
678.04
620.36
565.25
512.70
462.71
415.28
370.42
328.13
288.39
251.22
216.61
184.57
155.09

Bot Reinforcing
(mm/m )
0.00
0.06
0.26
0.58
1.02
1.60
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Nominal (0.13%)
(mm/m )
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00

Job Number

Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

1.12
1.14
1.17
1.20
1.22
1.25
1.27
1.30

Client
Calcs by

-16.85
-13.31
-10.19
-7.49
-5.20
-3.33
-1.87
-0.83

Checked by

103.82
82.03
62.81
46.14
32.04
20.51
11.54
5.13

Date

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00
585.00

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO BS8110 - 1997

Shear force at bottom of wall V = 111.2 kN
Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.46 MPa OK
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.87 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)

Sketch of Wall

Design code: BS8110 - 1997

10.00

0.30

3.50
3.50
3.50

20.00

0.00

30.00
kh =0.02g
kv =0.01g

0.45

0.30 1.00
1.00

Wall type: Cantilever

Theory: Coulomb

Kas=0.31
Kps=5.93
=0.58
V=111.2kN
v= 0.46MPa
vc= 0.87MPa
SFslip = 8.04
SFslip (ULS) = 5.04
SFovt = 3.51
SFovt (ULS) = 2.20

Job Number

Sheet

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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Checked by

Date

Wall Bending Moments

Moment max = .0460kNm @ 2.90m

Wall Moments
3.00
2.80
2.60
2.40
2.20
2.00

Height (m)

1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
.800
.600

1.00

.800

.600

.200

.200

.400

.400

-.200
Bending moment (kNm)

Base Bending Moments

Bending moment (kNm)

-100
-150
-200
-250
-300
-350
-400
-450
Position (m)

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.00

.900

.800

.700

.600

.500

Moment max = -423.5kNm @ .151m

.400

.300

.200

-50.0

.100

Base Moments