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CURS MANAGEMENTUL ECHIPEI DE CART - Varianta 2013 PDF
CURS MANAGEMENTUL ECHIPEI DE CART - Varianta 2013 PDF
MANAGEMENTUL ECHIPEI DE
CART
CONSTANA
2013
Capitolul I
Conceptul de management al resurselor echipei de cart
Capitolul II
Lanul erorilor i modaliti de evitare
a apariiei erorii umane
Incidentele maritime sau dezastrele sunt foarte rar rezultatul unui singur
eveniment, ele sunt de cele mai multe ori n mod invariabil rezultatul unei serii de
incidente minore, reprezentnd astfel finalul unui ntreg ir de erori comise.
Formarea unui lan al erorilor poate fi prevenit dac persoana ce desfoar
activitatea pe comanda de navigaie, ofierul de cart, cunoate situaia navei, are informaii
despre situaia navigaiei n zona n care se deplaseaz nava i astfel putnd evita comiterea
de erori, ce prin nsumarea lor ar genera un lan al erorilor.
Indicii privind dezvoltarea unui lan al erorilor
n funcionarea unei echipe de cart pot aprea n orice situaie semne ce arat
dezvoltarea unui lan al erorilor. Acest lucru nu nseamn c un incident este pe cale s se
produc, ci indic faptul c activitatea nu se desfoar conform planificrii fcute i
elementele unei situaii periculoase pot aprea n orice moment. Astfel, nava este adus
ntr-o situaie de risc i trebuie luate imediat msuri n vederea prevenirii dezvoltrii unui
lan al erorilor, greelile comise trebuie remediate i efectele, fie i minore, trebuie
ndeprtate.
Ambiguitatea
Ambiguitatea poate fi uor definit ca fiind situaia n care lucrurile nu se
desfoar aa cum ar trebui, aa cum au fost ele planificate iniial. n cazul n care dou
sisteme independente i separate de determinare a poziiei navei, cum ar fi radarul i GPS7
10
Capitolul III
Relaia Comandant - Pilot
Relaia dintre echipajul navei i pilotul maritim, portuar sau fluvial este una dificil
de definit.
Comandantul navei este responsabil de sigurana navei, piloii sunt angajai pentru
a acorda asisten n vederea executrii navigaiei n zone cu caracteristici speciale de
navigaie i de a facilita intrarea navei n port, acostarea acesteia, precum i efectuarea
manevrelor necesare la plecarea navei din port. Comandantul are responsabilitatea deplin
a navei i are de asemenea dreptul de a suspenda asistena Pilotului n cazuri extreme n
care se constant lipsa de experien a acestuia sau luarea unor decizii eronate. n practic,
Comandantul se poate gsi chiar el n postura, nefericita de altfel, de a nu putea suspenda
activitatea Pilotului, cu toate c nu este mulumit de activitatea acestuia, dar fiind i n
imposibilitatea de a efectua manevra fr ajutorul Pilotului.
Cazul ideal ar fi ca att Comandantul ct i echipa de pe comanda de navigaie s
cunoasc inteniile de manevr ale Pilotului i s aib posibilitatea prelurii atribuiilor
acestuia n orice moment. Aceast situaie este posibil dac:
-
11
aproape de zona de unde ncepe activitatea Pilotului i acesta are doar timp s urce pe
Comand i s treac direct la direcionarea navei;
-
cureni puternici sau densitatea ridicat a traficului pot perturba sau chiar anula perioada
destinat schimbului de informaii.
Dac schimbul de informaii nu a fost realizat din diverse motive, atunci atenia
sporit trebuie s fie acordat de ctre echipa de cart pe comand.
Responsabilitatea
Chiar i n prezena Pilotului, Comandantul rmne responsabil pentru sigurana
navei. Pilotul este un expert local i n mod evident va conduce nava cu abilitate,
sftuindu-l pe Comandant asupra lucrurilor eseniale i necesare n efectuarea tranzitrii.
Aceste reguli se aplic att n cazul n care pilotajul este voluntar, Comandantul solicit
asistena unui pilot, ct i n cazul n care pilotajul este obligatoriu, nava este obligat s ia
un pilot local pentru o zona de navigaie bine definit.
n mod frecvent Comandantul va rmne pe comanda pe durata pilotajului. Acest
lucru depinde n mod evident de circumstane. n cazul unui pilotaj de lung durat nu este
practic pentru Comandant s rmn pe comand pe toat durata acestuia. n acest caz el
13
14
Capitolul IV
Organizare, conducere i colaborare n cadrul echipei de
cart
15
navig;
de separare a traficului sau rute de navigaie indicate;
echipei de cart;
echipajului navei;
navei;
navigaie;
reduce posibilitatea personalului de cart s vad sau s aud un semnal venit din exterior;
rmne nesupravegheat;
o
17
cart;
Este recomandat, de asemenea, ca nainte de nceperea cartului cu o singur
persoan pe comand, comandantul trebuie s se asigure, de fiecare dat, de:
-
necesar de rspuns, orice limitare a micrilor sale, i are posibilitatea de a auzi alarma sau
mesajul de chemare de pe comanda de navigaie;
-
19
20
21
maritime;
periculoas;
schimbului de echipaj;
ISM.
Reguli procedurale trasate de Comandant
Manualul procedurilor operaionale la bordul navei susinut de instruciunile
bazate pe politica de navigaie a companiei trebuie s reprezinte baza realizrii controlului
i a organizrii activitii la bord.
22
23
24
Capitolul V
Pregtirea voiajului navei
Instructajul iniial
nainte de plecarea navei n voiaj Comandantul trebuie s informeze echipa de
cart asupra elementelor caracteristice desfurrii cltoriei, cum ar fi:
voiajului;
punctelor sensibile;
necesar de siguran.
De asemenea, n cadrul instructajului premergtor plecrii navei n voiaj,
Comandantul trebuie s aduc n vederea echipei de cart prevederile procedurale ale
companiei, cu referire la:
altor considerente;
maritime;
25
periculoas;
schimbului de echipaj;
ISM.
De asemenea, n cazul navigaiei cu pilot la bord, trebuie realizat o informare
bilateral ntre Comandant i pilot, premergtoare nceperii manevrelor, deoarece
Comandantul poate s nu cunoasc zona ce urmeaz a fi tranzitat de nav i pilotul poate
s nu cunoasc particularitile navei.
n momentul n care Pilotul ajunge pe comanda de navigaie buna practic ar fi ca
Comandantul s aib o scurt discuie informativ cu acesta. Comandantul ar putea fi
obligat s delege conducerea navei ofierului de cart sau altui ofier de pe comand, n
scopul discutrii modului de desfurare al tranzitrii sau manevrei cu Pilotul. Aceasta va
include prezentarea rutei propuse de Pilot, viteza propus, timpul necesar efecturii
tranzitului sau manevrei, ce asisten se ateapt a fi primit de la remorchere i de la cheu
i modul de efectuare a comunicrii cu Serviciul de Control al Traficului, precum i alte
preri pe care le poate exprima Pilotul bazate pe propria experien.
n cadrul acestei discuii, Comandantul trebuie s informeze Pilotul asupra
caracteristicilor manevriere ale navei, n particular despre anumite aspecte neuzuale i alte
informaii relevante, cum ar fi, starea instalaiei de ancorare, caracteristicile motorului
principal i ale instalaiei de propulsie, precum i despre personalul disponibil la bord.
Majoritatea acestor informaii sunt disponibile n form scris n formularul de informare
Comandant/Pilot (Master/Pilot exchange form).
Cnd toate aceste detalii au fost stabilite, Pilotul va trebui familiarizat cu comanda
de navigaie, se va stabili modul n care instruciunile date de acesta se vor executa (dac
dorete s transmit comenzile direct sau prin intermediul unuia dintre ofierii de punte),
canalul de lucru al staiei VHF i care dintre radare va fi folosit. n particular va fi informat
i asupra modul actual de lucru al radarului.
26
Instructajul final
Ori de cte ori este posibil, la ncheierea cu succes a unui voiaj, Comandantul
trebuie s discute cu echipa de cart modul cum s-a planificat i desfurat voiajul,
accentund n special punctele slabe constatate.
Acest gen de discuii duc ctre corectarea planului iniial i obinerea unui plan de
voiaj mai bun ce poate fi utilizat data urmtoare pentru aceeai rut.
27
Capitolul VI
Executarea cartului de navigaie
indicaiile acestora: acest procedeu este foarte important cnd se utilizeaz n principal
28
incluznd aici i sistemul de hri electronice, i astfel nereuind s mai efectueze navigaia
n momentul n care aceste echipamente se defecteaz.
Navigaia n apropierea coastei sau n zone cu adncimi mici
Ca o regul general, navigaia trebuie efectuat pe hri la scar ct mai adecvat
zonei tranzitate, existente la bord, i poziia navei trebuie marcat la intervale regulate.
Toate reperele de navigaie cu importan trebuie identificate de ofierul de cart nainte de a
fi utilizate n determinarea poziiei navei. Determinarea poziiei navei cu repere vizuale i
radar, precum i tehnicile de monitorizare trebuie utilizate ct mai mult posibil.
n apropierea coastei ofierul de cart trebuie s cunoasc bine ruta navei i modul
de raportare al poziiei pentru a putea face raportrile solicitate de staiile de coast sau de
serviciile de monitorizare a traficului, acolo unde acest lucru este obligatoriu sau solicitat.
Cunoaterea pescajului navei, a condiiilor de stabilitate i a caracteristicilor de
manevr ale navei sunt de asemenea importante. n cazul n care nava intr ntr-o zona cu
ape cu adncimi mici, efectul de squat poate avea un efect critic asupra manevrabilitii
navei i cauza o cretere a pescajului navei. Efectul de squat este n raport direct cu ptratul
vitezei navei i se reduce odat cu reducerea vitezei.
Importana cunoaterii efectelor navigaiei n apropierea coastei de ctre toi
membrii echipei de cart, precum i cunoaterea rolului lor i a celorlali membrii ai echipei
de cart n astfel de situaii poate s fac ca navigaia n apropierea coastei i n zone cu ape
de adncimi mici s nu mai fie o operaiune riscant i cu un mare grad de stress.
Staionarea navei la ancor
Cnd nava se afl la ancor, trebuie marcat poziia navei i determinarea cercului
de rotire a navei n jurul ancorei, a crui raz este egal cu lungimea lanului de ancor
folosit. Trebuie alese repere sigure fa de care s se monitorizeze poziia navei n
29
30
Capitolul VII
Comunicarea interpersonal
Comunicarea reprezint schimbul de informaii i idei ntre dou persoane;
implic un emitor, care transmite o informaie, idee sau opinie ctre un receptor.
Comunicarea este eficient numai n cazul n care receptorul nelege exact
informaia sau ideea pe care transmitorul a intenionat s o transmit. Multe dintre
problemele care apar n interiorul unui grup sau organizaie sunt rezultatul fie direct al
persoanelor care nu reuesc s comunice sau s recepioneze, fie indirect, datorit
situaiilor de confuzie ce pot determina nerealizarea chiar i a celor mai bune planuri.
Studierea procesului de comunicare este unul important deoarece permite
cunoaterea, nelegerea, evaluarea i supervizarea unui astfel de proces la orice nivel. Este
un proces ce integreaz membri ai unei colectiviti de la toate nivelurile i ocupnd
diferite funcii.
Procesul de comunicare presupune:
32
7% cuvinte
Cu toate acestea, procentele de mai sus se aplic numai n anumite situaii. De-a
lungul timpului s-au realizat diferite studii asupra modului n care asculttorii obin
informaii cu privire la atitudinea general a vorbitorului, n situaiile n care expresia
facial, tonul vocii i/sau cuvintele transmit semnale contradictorii. Astfel, s-au utilizat un
numr de trei vorbitori care au fost instruii s rosteasc acelai cuvnt cu trei atiudini
diferite fa de asculttorii lor (pozitiv, neutr, negativ). n acelai timp s-au realizat
36
37
O echip de cart cu un plan bine explicat i neles, n care toi membrii i ofer
suportul, va avea un rspuns bun n cazul unei situaii de criz. Acolo unde membrii
echipei sunt capabili s anticipeze o situaie periculoas i s recunoasc dezvoltarea
unui lan al erorilor, aceia vor avea capacitatea de a ntreprinde aciunile necesare
evitrii acestei situaii i a remedierii erorilor comise.
Realiznd o bun planificare a marului navei, echipa de cart va avea un control
mai bun asupra evoluiei navei i va evita apariia evenimentelor neprevzute n punctul de
mbarcare al pilotului, precum i alte situaii de risc datorate configuraiei zonei de navigat.
Anularea planului iniial i trecerea la cel de urgen ine de experiena de
navigaie a echipei de cart sau de apariia unor probleme neprevzute.
38
39
Capitolul VIII
Diferenele culturale
40
Este mult mai sigur s presupunem existena unor diferene culturale majore,
pn n momentul descoperirii similitudinilor culturale.
Exist mai multe nivele de referin cu ajutorul crora se poate evidenia modul de
percepere a diferenelor culturale, astfel:
Nivelul primar (parohial) Cum tiu eu este cel mai bine la nivel
primar oamenii nu recunosc alt mod de a fece diferite lucruri, dect modul personal. La
acest nivel ei ignor impactul generat de diferenele culturale.
Nivelul secundar (etnocentric) Cunosc prerea lor, dar a mea este mai
bun la nivelul secundar, oamenii accept modul altora de gndire, pe lng modul
propriu, dar nc consider c stilul propriu este cel mai indicat. La acest nivel, diferenele
culturale sunt receptate ca surs de probleme i oamenii au tendina s le ignore sau s le
reduc importana.
final aduce oameni din culturi diferite la un loc n scopul crerii unei culturi a gndirii
comune. Oamenii dialogheaz ntre ei, creeaz noi nelesuri, noi reguli care s ajute la
rezolvarea situaiilor particulare.
Creterea cunoaterii culturale nseamn a observa att aspectele pozitive, ct i
pe cele negative ce apar n cadrul diferenelor culturale. Diversitatea cultural poate
reprezenta o surs de probleme, mai ales n domenii n care este necesar conlucrarea.
41
convieuire mpreun;
Cea mai bun soluie depinde de mprejurarea, fiecare situaie este
42
n postura lui. Prin empatie putem nva cum doresc ceilali s fie tratai de ctre noi.
periodic instruciunile date n scopul asigurrii nelegerii lor i eventual a gsirii unui alt
mod de exprimare a lor mult mai accesibil celorlali.
Accept diversitatea
43
Capitolul IX
Leadership sau conducerea prin siguran
44
46
47
Aspecte negative:
Practicarea empatiei
Empatia reprezint capacitatea unei persoane de a se identifica i nelege
situaia, sentimentele i motivele altor persoane. Pentru aceasta este nevoie a exista
abilitatea de a te poziiona n locul celeilalte persoane, precum i de a cultiva bune
capabiliti de ascultare. Liderii desvrii empatizeaz n mod realistic cu subordonaii i
dovedesc o grij profund fa de activitatea acestora dar, acest fapt nu trebuie s
nsemne c sunt ntotdeauna de acord cu acetia sau se altur preocuprilor acestora. Mai
48
crearea unui obicei din ascultarea celorlali, dar luarea deciziilor complet
opuse cerinelor exprimate i fr oferirea unei explicaii n acest sens
contientizarea
necesitii
construirii
unui
climat
de
ncredere,
51
Aspecte negative:
52
53
54
Capitolul X
factorii comerciali;
operarea mrfii;
navigaia;
ntreinerea la bord;
56
57
Naionalitatea navigatorului;
Costurile de repatriere;
69
Veniturile pierdute;
Costurile sociale;
Tarifele de agenturare.
73
O dat
Vtmri minore
10
Lunar
Daune la proprieti
30
Sptmnal
Situaii de apropiere
600
De dou ori pe zi
77
ANEXE
78
Call sign
Flag
Ship's agent
Year built
IMO No.
Cargo type
Ship type
Last port
Telex
Other
PILOT BOARDING
Date/ETA
Freeboard
Draught aft
Air draught
Displacement
Draught amidships
Lenght
(salt
water)
Beam
DWT
GRT
NRT
ANCHORS
Port anchor
Starboard anchor
Half speed
Slow speed
Controllable pitch
Numbers of propellers
79
Channel 70
2187.5 kHz
4207.5 kHz
6312.0 kHz
8414.5 kHz
12577.0 kHz
16804.5 kHz
The frequencies that should be used for the follow-up distress message:
Radio Telex
2174.5 kHz
4177.5 kHz
6268.0 kHz
8376.5 kHz
12520.0 kHz
16695.0 kHz
80
Changeover procedures
All officers concerned with the operation or maintenance of the steering gear
should acquaint themselves with changeover procedures.
Emergency steering drills
Emergency steering drills should take place at least three months and must
include direct control from within the steering gear compartment, the
communication procedure with the bridge and, where applicable, the operation of
alternative power supplies.
Records
The dates on which these checks and tests are conducted and the date and
details of emergency steering drills carried out must be recorded in the logbook.
81
Other checks:
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_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Has a passage plan for the intended voyage been prepared? (see section 2)
Has the following equipment been checked and found ready for use?
anchors
bridge movement book / course and engine movement recorder
echo sounder
electronic navigational position fixing system
gyro / magnetic compass and repeaters
radar(s)
speed / distance recorder
clocks
Has the following equipment been tested, synchronised and found ready for use?
Other checks:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
83
In preparing the passage for arrival in port, has a pre-pilotage information exchange taken
place ? (see annexes A1 and A2)
Has the passage plan been updated following receipt of the Shore to Ship Pilot / Master
Exchange form and all latest navigational warnings?
Has a ETA been sent with all relevant information, required by local regulations (e.g.
details of dangerous/hazardous goods carried, etc)?
Has the steering gear been tested, and has manual steering been engaged in sufficient
time for the helmsman to become accustomed before manoeuvring?
Has the Pilot Card (see annex A3) been completed and are the pilot embarkation
arrangements (see annex A5) in hand?
Have VHF channels for the various services (e.g. VTS, pilot, tugs, berthing instructions)
been noted and a radio check carried out?
Has the port been made fullt aware of any special berthing requirements that the ship may
have?
Other checks:
84
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Pilotage
Immediately on arrival on the bridge, has the pilot been informed of the ship's heading,
speed, engine setting and draught?
Has the pilot been informed of the location of lifesaving appliances provided on board for
his use?
Have details of the proposed passage plan been discussed with the pilot and agreed with the
master, including
Has a completed Pilot Card (see annex A3) been handed to the pilot and has the pilot
referred to the Wheelhouse Poster? (see annex A4)
Has the responsibilities within the bridge team for the pilotage been defined and are they
clearly understood?
Has the language to be used on the bridge between the ship, the pilot and the shore been
agreed?
Are the progress of the ship and the execution of orders being monitored by the master
and officer of the watch?
Are the engine room and ship's crew being regularly briefed on the progress of the ship
during the pilotage?
Other checks:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
85
Have all navigation charts and publications have been corrected up to date, including
planning charts and publications for advice and recommendations on route to be taken
climatological information for weather characteristics of the sea
navigation charts and publications for landfall features
navigation charts and publications for Ship's Routeing Schemes, Ship Reporting Systems
and Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
Other checks:
86
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Is the OOW prepared to use the engines and call a look-out or a helmsman to the bridge?
Has meassures been taken to protect the enviroment from pollution by the ship and to
comply with applicable pollution regulation?
Other checks:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
87
Are the changes to the local weather being monitored and is the barometer regularly
observed?
Are gyro / magnetic compass errors and radar performance being regularly checked?
Have measures been taken to protect type enviroment from pollution by the ship and to
comply with applicable pollution regulations?
Other checks:
88
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Have the engine room and anchor party been informed of the time of "stand-by" for
anchoring?
Are the anchors, lights / shapes and sound signalling apparatus ready for use?
Has the anchor position of the ship been reported to the port authority?
determine and plot the ship's position on the appropiate chart as soon as practicable
when circumstances permit, check at sufficient frequent intervals whether the ship is
remaining securely at anchor by taking bearings of fixed navigation marks or readily
identifiable shore objects
ensure that proper look-out is maintained
ensure that inspection rounds of the ship are made periodically
observe meteorological and tidal conditions and the state of the sea
notify the master and undertake all necessary measures if the ship drags anchor
ensure that the state of the readiness of the main engines and other machinery is in
accordance with the master's instructions
if visibility deteriorates, notify the master
ensure that the ship exhibits the appropiate lights and shapes and the appropiate sound
signals are made in accordance with all applicable regulations
take measures to protect the enviroment from pollution by the ship and comply with
applicable pollution regulations
Other checks:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
89
Have the master and engine room been informed, and the engines put on standby?
Are the COLREGS being complied with, particularly with regard to rule 19 and proceeding
at a safe speed?
Is the ship ready to reduce speed, stop or turn away from danger?
If the ship's position is in doubt, has the possibility of anchoring been considered?
Other checks:
90
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Have the master, engine room and crew been informed of the conditions?
Have all movable objects been secured above and below decks, particularly in the engine
room, galley and in storerooms?
Has the ship's accomodation been secured and all ports and deadlights closed?
Has the crew been warned to avoid upper deck areas made dangerous by the weather?
transmitting weather reports to the appropriate authorities or, in case of tropical storms,
danger messages in accordance with SOLAS
Other checks:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
91
Navigation in ice
Have the master, engine room and crew been informed of the ice conditions?
Other checks:
92
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
standing orders and other special instructions of the master relating to navigation of the
ship
prevalling and predicted tides, currents, weather, visibility and the effect of these factors
upon course and speed
Procedures for the use of main engines to manoeuvre when the main engines are on
bridge control and the status of the watchkeeping arrangements in the engine room
the operational condition of all navigational and safety equipment being used or likely to be
used during the watch
the errors of gyro and magnetic compasses
the presence and movements of ships in sight or known to be in vicinity
the conditions and hazards likely to be encoutered during the watch
the possible effect of keel, trim, water density and squat on underkeel clerance
Other points:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
93
on failure to sight land, a navigation mark or obtain soundings by the exepected time
on breakdown of the engines, propulsion machinery remote control, steering gear or any
essential navigational equipment, alarm or indicator
Other points:
94
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Inform master
Other actions:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
95
Collision
Action to be carried out:
Make ship's position available to radio room / GMDSS station, satellite terminal
and other automatic distress transmitters and update as necessary
Broadcast DISTRESS ALERT and MESSAGE if the ship is in grave and imminent
danger and immediate assistance is required, otherwise broadcast an URGENCY
message to ships in vicinity
Other actions:
96
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Stranding or grounding
Action to be carried out:
Stop engines
Obtain information on local currents and tides, particularly details of the rise and
fall of the tide
Make ship's position available to radio room / GMDSS station, satellite terminal
and other automatic distress transmitters and up-date as necessary
Broadcast DISTRESS ALERT and MESSAGE if the ship is in grave and imminent
danger and immediate assistance is required, otherwise broadcast an URGENCY
message to ships in vicinity
Other actions:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
97
Man overboard
Action to be carried out:
Release lifebuoy with light and smoke signal on the side the crew member has
fallen overboard
Take immediate avoiding action so as not to run over the man overboard
Sound three prolonged blasts of the ship's whistle and repeat as necessary
Other actions:
98
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Fire
Action to be carried out:
Muster crew
Establish communications
Close down ventilation fans, all doors including fire and watertight doors and
skylights
Make ship's position available to radio room / GMDSS station, sattelite terminal or
other automatic distress transmitters and update as necessary
Broadcast DISTRESS ALERT and MESSAGE if the ship is in grave and imminent
danger and immediate assistance is required, otherwise broadcast an URGENCY
message to ships in vicinity
Other actions:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
99
Flooding
Action to be carried out:
Make ship's position available to radio room / GMDSS station, sattelite terminal or
other automatic distress transmitters and update as necessary
Broadcast DISTRESS ALERT and MESSAGE if the ship is in grave and imminent
danger and immediate assistance is required, otherwise broadcast an URGENCY
message to ships in vicinity
Other actions:
100
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Establish communications with all other surface units and SAR aircraft involved in
the SAR operation
Monitor X-band radar for locating survival craft transponder (SART) signal using 6
or 12 nautical mile range scales
Post extra look-outs for sighting flares and other pyrotechnic signals
Other actions:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
101
Abandoning ship
Action to be carried out:
Broadcast DISTRESS ALERT and MESSAGE on the authority of the master
Instruct crew members to put on lifejackets, and wear adequate and warm clothing
Instruct crew members to put on immersion suit, if carried, if water temperature is below 16 C
Order crew members to lifeboat stations
Prepare to launch lifeboats / liferafts
Ensure that lifeboat sea painters are attached to the ship
Embark all crew in the liboats / liferafts and launch
Ensure lifeboats / liferafts remain in safe proximity to the ship and in contact with each other
102
Bibliografie
1.
2.
3.
4.
103
Cuprins
I.
II.
11
15
25
28
31
40
44
55
Anexe
78
Bibliografie
103
104