OBJECTIVES

The learner should be able to:

Widen your vocabulary through contextual clues;
Examine things appealing to senses to hone your
investigative thinking;

Discuss the characteristics of research;

Classify research based on a set criteria;
Differentiate the various types of research; and
Describe completed or published research studies
based on concepts learned about research.

ACTIVITY 1: MAKING WORDS MEANINGFUL

Directions: Relying on your stock knowledge, write on the lines
provided the meaning of the following words used in the selection that
you will read later. Be guided by some clues in the given sentences.
1. Absolute ______________________________
Man has no absolute power over something; God has.
2. Abstract ______________________________
A stone is concrete; intelligence is abstract.
3. Portrayal _____________________________
Give a clearer portrayal of what is in your mind by drawing it on that
paper.
4. Adopt ________________________________
Adopt a lawful procedure in adopting those orphans.
5. Hallmark ______________________________
One hallmark you ought to treasure is your golden trophy.

ACTIVITY 1: MAKING WORDS MEANINGFUL

6. Perspective ____________________________
Change your sitting position to have a better perspective about the
whole thing.
7. Hone ________________________________
Hone your reading skills by spreading more time in reading books.
8. Superb _______________________________
For the actors superb performance, he won an award.
9. Ins and outs __________________________
First, know the ins and outs of marriage before deciding to tie the
knot with him.
10.Trigger _______________________________
Say a line on love to trigger off the conversation between those two
people.

ACTIVITY 2: STIRRING UP IMAGINATION

Directions: Picture Analysis. Examine these different scenic places. Which of
these places interests you the most? Why? Would you like to know more about
them? How do you think you will be more knowledgeable about your favorite or
most loved places?

ACTIVITY 2: STIRRING UP IMAGINATION

Directions: Picture Analysis. Examine these different scenic places. Which of
these places interests you the most? Why? Would you like to know more about
them? How do you think you will be more knowledgeable about your favorite or
most loved places?

D
C

RESEARCH IN CONTEXT
Research is a process of executing various mental acts
for discovering and examining facts and information to
prove the accuracy or truthfulness of your claims or
conclusions about the topic of your research.
Research requires you to inquire or investigate about your
chosen research topic by asking questions that will make
you engage yourself on top-level thinking strategies of
interpreting, analyzing, synthesizing, criticizing
appreciating, or creating to enable you to discover truths
about the many things you tend to wonder about the topic
of your research work. (Litchman 2013)

RESEARCH IN CONTEXT

Research is analogous to inquiry, in that, both involve investigation

of something through questioning. However, the meaning of
research is more complicated than inquiry because it does not
center mainly on raising questions about the topic, but also on
carrying out a particular order of research stages. Each stage of the
research process is not an individual task because the knowledge
you obtain through each stage comes not only from yourself but
other people as well. Thus similarly to inquiry, research involves
cooperative learning.
Central to research is your way of discovering new knowledge,
applying knowledge in various ways as well as seeing relationships
of ideas, events, and situations. Research then puts you in a context
where a problem exists. You have to collect facts or information,
study such data, and come up with a solution to the problem based
on the results of your analysis. It is a process requiring you to work
logically or systematically and collaboratively with others.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. Accuracy. It must give correct or accurate date, which the footnotes,
notes, and bibliographical entries should honestly and appropriately
documented or acknowledged.
2. Objectiveness. It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising
from assumptions, generalizations, or conclusions.
3. Timeliness. It must work on a topic that is fresh, new, and interesting
to the present society.
4. Relevance. Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in
solving problems affecting the lives of people in a community.
5. Clarity. It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by
using simple, direct, concise, and correct language.
6. Systematic. It must take place in an organized or orderly manner

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1. To learn how to work independently
2. To learn how to work scientifically or systematically
3. To have an in-depth knowledge of something
4. To elevate your mental abilities by letting you think in
higher-order thinking strategies (HOTS) of inferring,
evaluating, synthesizing, appreciating, applying, and creating.
5. To improve your reading and writing skills
6. To be familiar with the basic tools of research and the
various techniques of gathering data and of presenting
research findings
7. To free yourself, to a certain extent, from the domination
or strong influence of a single textbook or of the professors
lone viewpoint or spoon feeding

TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. Based on Application of Research Method
Is the research applied to theoretical or practical issues? If it deals with
concepts, Principles, or abstract things, it is pure research. This type of research
aims to increase your knowledge about something. However, if your intension is
to apply your chosen research to social problems or issues, finding ways to make
positive changes in society, you call your research, applied research.

TYPES OF RESEARCH
2. Based on Purpose of the Research
Descriptive Research- This type of research aims at defining or giving
a verbal portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, group, situation, etc. This is
liable to repeated research because its topic relates itself only to a certain period
or a limited number of years. Based on the results of your descriptive studies
about a subject, you develop the inclination of conducting further studies such
topics.
Correlational Research- A correlational research shows relationships or
connectedness of two factors, circumstances or agents called variables that affect
the research. It is only concerned in indicating the existence of a relationship not
the causes and ways of the development of such relationship.
Explanatory Research- An explanatory researchs purpose is to find out
how reasonable or possible it is to conduct a research study on a certain topic.
Here, you will discover ideas on topics that could trigger your interest in
conducting research studies.
Action Research- This type of research studies an ongoing practice of
a school, organization, community, or institutions for the purpose of obtaining
results that will bring improvements in the system.

TYPES OF RESEARCH
3. Based on Types of Data Needed
Qualitative Research - requires non-numerical data, which means
that the research uses words rather than numbers to express the results,
the inquiry or the investigations about peoples thought, beliefs, feelings,
views, and lifestyles regarding the object of the study. These opinionated
answers from people are not measurable; so, verbal language is the right
way to express your findings in a qualitative research.
Quantitative research - involves measurement of data, thus, it
represents research findings referring to the number or frequency of
something in numerical forms (i.e., using percentages, fractions,
numbers).

APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
scientific or positive approach - in which you discover and
measure information as well as observe and control variables in
an impersonal manner. It allows control of variables.
naturalistic approach in contrast to the scientific approach
that uses numbers to express data, the naturalistic approach
uses words. This research approach directs you to deal with
qualitative data that speak of how people behave toward their
surroundings.
triangulation approach - Triangulation approach gives you the
opportunity to view every angle of the research from different
perspective. (Blake 2012; Silverman 2013)

EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS

Directions: Express your judgment or decision about each
line by checking the box representing your choice. On the
lines provided, write your reasons to justify your agreement
or disagreement on the given statement.

1. Your zero or poor knowledge of research means

you are not in a quality school.

Agree

Disagree

EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS

2. To have a rich understanding of every aspect of
your research means to approach it in a
naturalistic way.

Agree
Disagree
3. You can quantify peoples worldviews.

Agree

Disagree

EXPLAINING LEARNED CONCEPTS

4. Research is exactly the same as inquiry.

Agree

Disagree

5. You behave like a scientist in research.

Agree

Disagree