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FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER FOR WASHING MACHINE

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the methods to conduct this project. All the
methods used is briefly explain in this chapter. This project used Mamdani Style for
programming development.

3.2 THE STRUCTURE OF MAMDANI-STYLE FUZZY INFERENCE

In order to complete this project, we used the Mamdani-Style Method. Mamdani's fuzzy
inference method is the most commonly seen fuzzy methodology. Mamdani's method was among
the first control systems built using fuzzy set theory. It was proposed in 1975 by
EbrahimMamdani

as an attempt to control a steam engine and boiler combination by

synthesizing a set of linguistic control rules obtained from experienced human operators.
Mamdani's effort was based on LotfiZadeh's 1973 paper on fuzzy algorithms for complex
systems and decision processes. Although the inference process described in the next few
sections differs somewhat from the methods described in the original paper, the basic idea is
much the same.Mamdani-type inference, as defined for the toolbox, expects the output
membership functions to be fuzzy sets. After the aggregation process, there is a fuzzy set for
each output variable that needs defuzzification.

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FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER FOR WASHING MACHINE

In this method there are four basic structured that must be followed to complete the
programming code. The structures are explain as below:
a. Fuzzification
In this first step is to take the crisp inputs x1 and y1 (project funding and project staffing)
and to determine the degree to which these inputs belong to each of the appropriate fuzzy
set.
b. Rule evaluation
The second step is to take the fuzzified inputs, and apply them to the antecedents of the
fuzzy rules. If a given fuzzy rules has multiple antecedents, the fuzzy operator (AND and
OR) is used to obtain a single number that represents the result of the antecedent
evaluation. This number (truth value) is then applied to the consequent membership
function.
c. Aggregation of the rule outputs
Aggregation is the process of unification of the outputs of all rules. In other words, we
take the membership functions of all rule consequent previously clipped or scaled and
combine them into a single fuzzy set. Thus, the input of the aggregation process is the list
of clipped or scaled consequent memberships functions, and the output is one fuzzy set
for each output variable.
d. Defuzzification
The last step in the fuzzy inference process is defuzzification. Fuzziness helps us to
evaluate the rules, but the final output of a fuzzy system has to be a crisp number. The
input for the defuzzification process is the aggregate output fuzzy set and the output is a
single number.

3.3 FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEM FOR WASHING MACHINE

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FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER FOR WASHING MACHINE

When user use a washing machine, they generally select the length of wash time based
on the amount of clothes you wish to wash and the type and degree of dirt you have. To
automate this process, we use sensors to detect these parameters such as volume of clothes
and type of dirt. The wash time is then determined from this data. Unfortunately, there is no
easy way to formulate a precise mathematical relationship between volume of clothes and
dirt and the length of wash time required. Consequently, this problem has remained unsolved
until very recently. People simply set wash times by hand and from personal trial and error
experience. Washing machines were not as automatic as they could be.
To build fully automatic washing machine with self-determined wash times, we are
going to focus on two subsystems of the machine:
1) the sensor mechanism
2) the controller unit.
The sensor system provides external input signals into the machine from which
decisions can be made. It is the controller's responsibility to make the decisions and to signal
the outside world by some form of output. Because the input/output relationship is not clear,
the design of a washing machine controller has not in the past lent itself to traditional
methods of control design. We address this design problem using fuzzy logic and FIDE.

Figure 3.1: Simple fuzzy controller for washing machine.

Before designing the controller, we must determine the range of possible values
for the input and output variables. We can use fuzzy sets or singletons for output variables.
Singletons are simpler than fuzzy sets. They need less memory space and work faster. If we
could not be satisfied by the result when output values are given by singletons we could
change them into fuzzy sets. Remember that when we use TVFI method for inference we can

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FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER FOR WASHING MACHINE

only use singltons as values of outputs. We should use Mamdani's method for inference if we
want to define output values as fuzzy sets.

Figure 3.2: Labels and membership functions of Input Variable type of dirt.

Figure 3.3: Labels and membership functions of output variable wash time.

Rules in decision making capabilities of a fuzzy controller are codified in a set of rules.
In general, the rules are intuitive and easy to understand, since they are qualitative statements
written in English like if-then sentences. Rules for our washing machine controller are
derived from common sense, data taken from typical home use, and experimentation in a

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FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER FOR WASHING MACHINE

controlled environment. A typicalintuitive rule is as follows:If saturation time is long and

transparency is bad,then wash time should be long.
Fuzzy logic is a powerful problem-solving methodology with a myriad of application in
embedded control and information processing. Fuzzy provides a remarkable simple way to
draw definite conclusions from vague, ambiguous or imprecise information. In a sense, fuzzy
logic resembles human decision making with its ability to work from approximate data and
find precise solutions. Fuzzy Logic has been gaining increasing acceptance during the past
few years. There are over two thousand commercially available products using Fuzzy Logic,
ranging from washing machines to high speed trains. Several manufacturers in the
automotive industry are using fuzzy technology to improve quality and reduce development
time. In aerospace, fuzzy enables very complex real time problems to be tackled using a
simple approach. In consumer electronics, fuzzy improves time to market and helps reduce
costs. In manufacturing, fuzzy is proven to be invaluable in increasing equipment efficiency
and diagnosing malfunctions. Thus we can see that fuzzy plays an important role in the
present world in various fields.