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ReliefValveReactionForcesOpenandClosedSystems

thread1203296530

HiAll,
JustwantedtosolicitsomeresponsestotheoldsubjectofReliefValveReactionForces.OvertheyearsIhaveworked
atCompanieswhousethestandardFormulafromAPI520forcalculatingthereactionforcewhenaRVopens.Howeverthey
tendtoneglectthesecondPressuretimesAreatermoftheequationcitingeithera)foropensystemsthatthepressureatthe
endofthetailpipeisatmosphericorb)forclosedsystemsthatthepressuretermcanbeignoredbecauseitsayssointheAPI
Codeandtheforcesinthesystemallbalance.
RecentlyIdidacheckonthereactionloadsfromvariouspublicationsa)Peng'sbookonPipeStressAnalysis,b)Crosby
Catalogue,c)DiersWorkbookandafewothers.Indoingthecalcstothevariousapproachesallgaveatleastdoublethevalue
obtainedbytheAPIFormula(withoutthePressureterm).Thisisnotduetotheeffectofthedynamicloadfactor.
Anycommentsontheabove?Alsowhatmethods/approachesdoothersadopt?

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Noviewsonthisoldsubject??
Itrustyousawthisearlierthread?
http://www.engtips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=290973&page=2
Thatbeingsaid,WeusedSolidWorksflowsimulationsoftwaretomodela6"reliefvalvedischargepipe6'longwithanelbow.
Tosimulatethevalve,wetookaconvergingnozzleandadjustedthethroatdiametertountilwehadthecapacity,whichwas
previouslycalculatedforagivensetofinletconditionsandagivenvalveorifice.
Themodelcameoutprettyclosetowhatwasexpected,exceptthatthevelocityatthedischargewasgreaterthansonic.We
areinvestigatingwithSolidWorkstoseeifthatisaprogramdeficiencyornot.Perhapsithasaproblemhandlinganyshock
wave.IalsopostedthisontheSolidWorksSimulationFEAforum.
Anyway,thedischargepressurecameouttobe16.7psia,whichisprettymuchwhatwasexpected.IMHO,theoutletpressure
isNOTatmospheric.Itisgreater.Howmuchhasbeenthesubjectofdiscussion.
Attachedisthemodelforreference.
http://files.engineering.com/getfile.aspx?folder=b43f7d9494e745b7a9789d

Hitr6,
Thanksforthereply.Iwonderedifanyoneactuallyhadanyopinionsonthis.
YesIsawtheearlierthreadIactuallypostedonit.
TheproblemIhaveistryingtoconvincepeoplethatyoucannotusetheAPI520Equationandneglectthepressuretermfor
eitheran"open"dischargeora"Closed"dischargeotherwisethereactionloadsaremilesawayfromtheactualRVload.There
arenumerousmethods/approaches,evenVendorsoftware,outtherewhichallgivedifferentresults,howeverwithout
exceptionallgivereactionloadswellabovethe"basic"API520formula(withoutthepressureterm).Mostgiveatleastdouble
thevalue(andthatsnotduetotheDLF).HoweverCompaniesstillinsistonusingtheAPI520valuesfordesignwhichconcerns
me.
MythoughtarethatyoucannotusetheAPI520formulawithoutcalculatingthepressurethroughoutthesystemandincluding
thepressureterminthecomputationofreactionloadsevenforclosedsystems.ThePeng"PipeStressEngineering"book
suggeststhisisthecasealso.
Anycomments?
Noviews/discussionsoutthere?
WellIamoverwhelmedbythe"responses/view"fromthecommunityonthissubject.
Hi,
Justwonderedifthereareanyviews??
DearDSB123,
Pleaseseemyposton
http://www.engtips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=290973&amppage=1
Bestregards.
HiMariog123,
YesIsawtheearlierpost.Iactuallypostedonthethread.HoweverIwasreallyafterdirectopinions/viewsonmy
questionsandalsowhatapproachesothersusetodeterminethedischargeforcevaluesinboth"open"and"closed"systems.

Therearealotofapproaches/formulasandIusethemonlywhenI'mobligedtofollowthem.WhenIhavethefreedomto
think,Iconsiderthereactionforcemustbelinkedtotheexistenceofonedimensionalfreejet.
The"freejeteffect"isthe3rdlawofdynamics.
Ifafreejetisreleasedinatmosphereorinalargevolume,thepipingsystemwillreceiveareactiveforce.
ThisistheforcethatAPIcountsandis:
Reactive_Force=[massflowrate]*[jet_velocity]+[p_jet]*[area_jet]
where
massflowratemustbetheactualvalue(itisgreaterthanthedesignedflowrate,becausetheactualPSVorificeislarger
thanminimumrequired)
jet_velocityisthecriticalspeedwhenthejetgasflowhasMach=1featureandiscountedasjet_velocity=sqrt(2*R*k*T/
((k+1)*M)),wherenotationsareasinAPI,Ristheuniversalperfectgasconstant,inSIisR=8314.5J/kgmol/K.
p_jetisthegaugepressureinthereleasedjet
area_jetistheinternalareaofpipingatthepointwherethejetisreleased
Inbrackets,thisisexactlytheAPIformula,wherethenumericalcoefficientissqrt(2*R),inSIunitssqrt(2*8314.5)=129
WhatismissinginAPIformulaisa"p_jet"evaluation.IthinkImadeacorrectevaluationvalidforMach=1.
IconsiderwehavethisforceexactlywherethereisaFREEjet.
IMO,thatmeans:
inanopensystem,wherethefreefluidjetisreleasedintoatmosphere
[maybe]inaclosedsystem,attheheaderconnection,presumingthePSVisnotpressurizingtheheaderthatmeansthe
headerisconsideredasalargevolumereceivingthejetratherthanapathforflow.
Bestregards.

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