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TheIndianPenalCode

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abetmentofoffence

CentralGovernmentAct
TheIndianPenalCode
TheIndianPenalCode

defencefilter:consequenceof
disobedienceorbreachofinjunction
privatedefence
instigation
whatishurt

1.TitleandextentofoperationoftheCode.ThisActshallbecalledtheIndianPenalCode,andshall
1 [extendtothewholeofIndia2[excepttheStateofJammuandKashmir].]

abettor
ofeitherdescription
actdone

2.PunishmentofoffencescommittedwithinIndia.Everypersonshallbeliabletopunishment
underthisCodeandnototherwiseforeveryactoromissioncontrarytotheprovisionsthereof,of

rightofprivatedefence

whichheshallbeguiltywithin3[India]4[***].

lifeimprisonment

grievoushurt

sailor

3.Punishmentofoffencescommittedbeyond,butwhichbylawmaybetriedwithin,India.Any

poisoned

personliable,byany5[Indianlaw]tobetriedforanoffencecommittedbeyond[India]shallbedealt

airman

withaccordingtotheprovisionsofthisCodeforanyactcommittedbeyond[India]inthesame

bailable

mannerasifsuchacthadbeencommittedwithin6[India].

wagingwar
robbery

7 [4ExtensionofCodetoextraterritorialoffences.TheprovisionsofthisCodeapplyalsotoany

fineorimprisonmentorboth

offencecommittedby

noncognizable

8[(1)anycitizenofIndiainanyplacewithoutandbeyondIndia

(2)anypersononanyshiporaircraftregisteredinIndiawhereveritmaybe]
9[(3)anypersoninanyplacewithoutandbeyondIndiacommittingoffencetargetingacomputer

resourcelocatedinIndia.]10[Explanation.Inthissection
(a)thewordoffenceincludeseveryactcommittedoutsideIndiawhich,ifcommittedin
India,wouldbepunishableunderthisCode
(b)theexpressioncomputerresourceshallhavethemeaningassignedtoitinclause(k)of
subsection(1)ofsection2oftheInformationTechnologyAct,2000.]
11 [Illustration]12[***]A,13[whois14[acitizenofIndia]],commitsamurderinUganda.Hecan

betriedandconvictedofmurderinanyplacein15[India]inwhichhemaybefound.16[***]
17 [5.CertainlawsnottobeaffectedbythisAct.NothinginthisActshallaffecttheprovisionsofany

Actforpunishingmutinyanddesertionofofficers,soldiers,sailorsorairmenintheserviceofthe
GovernmentofIndiaortheprovisionsofanyspecialorlocallaw.]
6.DefinitionsintheCodetobeunderstoodsubjecttoexceptions.ThroughoutthisCodeevery
definitionofanoffence,everypenalprovision,andeveryillustrationofeverysuchdefinitionorpenal
provision,shallbeunderstoodsubjecttotheexceptionscontainedintheChapterentitledGeneral
Exceptions,thoughthoseexceptionsarenotrepeatedinsuchdefinition,penalprovision,or
illustration.Illustrations
(a)Thesections,inthisCode,whichcontaindefinitionsofoffences,donotexpressthatachild
undersevenyearsofagecannotcommitsuchoffences,butthedefinitionsaretobeunderstood
subjecttothegeneralexceptionwhichprovidesthatnothingshallbeanoffencewhichisdoneby
achildundersevenyearsofage.
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(b)A,apoliceofficer,withoutwarrant,apprehendsZ,whohascommittedmurder.HereAisnot
guiltyoftheoffenceofwrongfulconfinementforhewasboundbylawtoapprehendZandthere
forethecasefallswithinthegeneralexceptionwhichprovidesthatnothingisanoffencewhichis
donebyapersonwhoisboundbylawtodoit.
7.Senseofexpressiononceexplained.EveryexpressionwhichisexplainedinanypartofthisCode
isusedineverypartofthisCodeinconformitywiththeexplanation.
8.Gender.Thepronounheanditsderivativesareusedofanyperson,whethermaleorfemale.
9.Number.Unlessthecontraryappearsfromthecontext,wordsimportingthesingularnumber
includethepluralnumber,andwordsimportingthepluralnumberincludethesingularnumber.
10.Man,Woman.Thewordmandenotesamalehumanbeingofanyagethewordwoman
denotesafemalehumanbeingofanyage.
11.Person.ThewordpersonincludesanyCompanyorAssociationorbodyofpersons,whether
incorporatedornot.
12.Public.Thewordpublicincludesanyclassofthepublic,oranycommunity.
13.Queen.[Rep.bytheA.O.1950.]
18[14.ServantofGovernment.ThewordsservantofGovernmentdenoteanyofficerorservant

continued,appointedoremployedinIndiabyorundertheauthorityofGovernment.]
15.BritishIndia.[Rep.bytheA.O.1937.]
16.GovernmentofIndia.[Rep.bytheA.O.1937.]
19[17.Government.ThewordGovernmentdenotestheCentralGovernmentortheGovernment

ofa20[***]State.]
[18.India.IndiameanstheterritoryofIndiaexcludingtheStateofJammuandKashmir.]
19.Judge.ThewordJudgedenotesnotonlyeverypersonwhoisofficiallydesignatedasa
Judge,butalsoeveryperson,whoisempoweredbylawtogive,inanylegalproceeding,civilor
criminal,adefinitivejudgment,orajudgmentwhich,ifnotappealedagainst,wouldbedefinitive,or
ajudgmentwhich,ifconfirmedbysomeotherauthority,wouldbedefinitive,orwhoisoneofabody
ofpersons,whichbodyofpersonsisempoweredbylawtogivesuchajudgment.Illustrations
(a)ACollectorexercisingjurisdictioninasuitunderAct10of1859,isaJudge.
(b)AMagistrateexercisingjurisdictioninrespectofachargeonwhichhehaspowertosentence
tofineorimprisonment,withorwithoutappeal,isaJudge.
(c)Amemberofapanchayatwhichhaspower,under21RegulationVII,1816,oftheMadrasCode,
totryanddeterminesuits,isaJudge.
(d)AMagistrateexercisingjurisdictioninrespectofachargeonwhichhehaspoweronlyto
commitfortrialtoanotherCourt,isnotaJudge.
20.CourtofJustice.ThewordsCourtofJusticedenoteaJudgewhoisempoweredbylawtoact
judiciallyalone,orabodyofJudgeswhichisempoweredbylawtoactjudiciallyasabody,when
suchJudgeorbodyofJudgesisactingjudicially.IllustrationApanchayatactingunder22Regulation
VII,1816,oftheMadrasCode,havingpowertotryanddeterminesuits,isaCourtofJustice.
21.Publicservant.Thewordspublicservantdenoteapersonfallingunderanyofthe
descriptionshereinafterfollowingnamely:23[***]
(Second)EveryCommissionedOfficerintheMilitary,24[NavalorAir]Forces25[26[***]of
India]

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27 [(Third)EveryJudgeincludinganypersonempoweredbylawtodischarge,whetherby

himselforasamemberofanybodyofpersons,anyadjudicatoryfunctions]
(Fourth)EveryofficerofaCourtofJustice28[(includingaliquidator,receiveror
commissioner)]whosedutyitis,assuchofficer,toinvestigateorreportonanymatteroflawor
fact,ortomake,authenticate,orkeepanydocument,ortotakechargeordisposeofanyproperty,
ortoexecuteanyjudicialprocess,ortoadministeranyoath,ortointerpret,ortopreserveorderin
theCourt,andeverypersonspeciallyauthorizedbyaCourtofJusticetoperformanyofsuch
duties
(Fifth)Everyjuryman,assessor,ormemberofapanchayatassistingaCourtofJusticeorpublic
servant
(Sixth)Everyarbitratororotherpersontowhomanycauseormatterhasbeenreferredfor
decisionorreportbyanyCourtofJustice,orbyanyothercompetentpublicauthority
(Seventh)Everypersonwhoholdsanyofficebyvirtueofwhichheisempoweredtoplaceor
keepanypersoninconfinement
(Eighth)Everyofficerof29[theGovernment]whosedutyitis,assuchofficer,toprevent
offences,togiveinformationofoffences,tobringoffenderstojustice,ortoprotectthepublic
health,safetyorconvenience
(Ninth)Everyofficerwhosedutyitis,assuchofficer,totake,receive,keeporexpendany
propertyonbehalfof29[theGovernment],ortomakeanysurvey,assessmentorcontracton
behalfof29[theGovernment],ortoexecuteanyrevenueprocess,ortoinvestigate,ortoreport,on
anymatteraffectingthepecuniaryinterestsof29[theGovernment],ortomake,authenticateor
keepanydocumentrelatingtothepecuniaryinterestsof29[theGovernment],ortopreventthe
infractionofanylawfortheprotectionofthepecuniaryinterestsof29[theGovernment]30[***]
(Tenth)Everyofficerwhosedutyitis,assuchofficer,totake,receive,keeporexpendany
property,tomakeanysurveyorassessmentortolevyanyrateortaxforanysecularcommon
purposeofanyvillage,townordistrict,ortomake,authenticateorkeepanydocumentforthe
ascertainingoftherightsofthepeopleofanyvillage,townordistrict
31 [(Eleventh)Everypersonwhoholdsanyofficeinvirtueofwhichheisempoweredtoprepare,

publish,maintainorreviseanelectoralrollortoconductanelectionorpartofanelection]
32[(Twelfth)Everyperson

(a)intheserviceorpayoftheGovernmentorremuneratedbyfeesorcommissionforthe
performanceofanypublicdutybytheGovernment
(b)intheserviceorpayofalocalauthority,acorporationestablishedbyorunderaCentral,
ProvincialorStateActoraGovernmentcompanyasdefinedinsection617oftheCompanies
Act,1956(1of1956).]IllustrationAMunicipalCommissionerisapublicservant.Explanation
1.Personsfallingunderanyoftheabovedescriptionsarepublicservants,whether
appointedbytheGovernmentornot.Explanation2.Whereverthewordspublicservant
occur,theyshallbeunderstoodofeverypersonwhoisinactualpossessionofthesituationof
apublicservant,whateverlegaldefecttheremaybeinhisrighttoholdthatsituation.33
[Explanation3.Thewordelectiondenotesanelectionforthepurposeofselecting
membersofanylegislative,municipalorotherpublicauthority,ofwhatevercharacter,the
methodofselectiontowhichisby,orunder,anylawprescribedasbyelection.]34[***]
STATEAMENDMENT
(Rajasthan)Insection21,afterclausetwelfth,thefollowingnewclauseshallbeadded,namely:
Thirteenth.Everypersonemployedorengagedbyanypublicbodyintheconductand
supervisionofanyexaminationrecognisedorapprovedunderanylaw.Explanation.The
expressionPublicBodyincludes
(a)aUniversity,BoardofEducationorotherbody,eitherestablishedbyorunderaCentralor
StateActorundertheprovisionsoftheConstitutionofIndiaorconstitutedbythe
Governmentand
(b)alocalauthority.[VideRajasthanAct,4of1993,sec.2(w.e.f.1121993)].
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22.Movableproperty.Thewordsmovablepropertyareintendedtoincludecorporealpropertyof
everydescription,exceptlandandthingsattachedtotheearthorpermanentlyfastenedtoanything
whichisattachedtotheearth.
23.Wrongfulgain.Wrongfulgainisgainbyunlawfulmeansofpropertytowhichtheperson
gainingisnotlegallyentitled.Wrongfulloss.Wrongfullossisthelossbyunlawfulmeansof
propertytowhichthepersonlosingitislegallyentitled.Gainingwrongfully,losingwrongfully.A
personissaidtogainwrongfullywhensuchpersonretainswrongfully,aswellaswhensuchperson
acquireswrongfully.Apersonissaidtolosewrongfullywhensuchpersoniswrongfullykeptoutof
anyproperty,aswellaswhensuchpersoniswrongfullydeprivedofproperty.
24.Dishonestly.Whoeverdoesanythingwiththeintentionofcausingwrongfulgaintooneperson
orwrongfullosstoanotherperson,issaidtodothatthingdishonestly.
25.Fraudulently.Apersonissaidtodoathingfraudulentlyifhedoesthatthingwithintentto
defraudbutnototherwise.
26.Reasontobelieve.Apersonissaidtohavereasontobelieveathing,ifhehassufficient
causetobelievethatthingbutnototherwise.
27.Propertyinpossessionofwife,clerkorservant.Whenpropertyisinthepossessionofapersons
wife,clerkorservant,onaccountofthatperson,itisinthatpersonspossessionwithinthemeaning
ofthisCode.Explanation.Apersonemployedtemporarilyoronaparticularoccasioninthecapacity
ofaclerkorservant,isaclerkorservantwithinthemeaningofthissection.
28.Counterfeit.Apersonissaidtocounterfeitwhocausesonethingtoresembleanotherthing,
intendingbymeansofthatresemblancetopractisedeception,orknowingittobelikelythat
deceptionwilltherebybepractised.35[Explanation1.Itisnotessentialtocounterfeitingthatthe
imitationshouldbeexact.Explanation2.Whenapersoncausesonethingtoresembleanother
thing,andtheresemblanceissuchthatapersonmightbedeceivedthereby,itshallbepresumed,
untilthecontraryisproved,thatthepersonsocausingtheonethingtoresembletheotherthing
intendedbymeansofthatresemblancetopractisedeceptionorknewittobelikelythatdeception
wouldtherebybepractised.]
29.Document.Theworddocumentdenotesanymatterexpressedordescribeduponany
substancebymeansofletters,figures,ormarks,orbymorethanoneofthosemeans,intendedtobe
used,orwhichmaybeused,asevidenceofthatmatter.Explanation1.Itisimmaterialbywhat
meansoruponwhatsubstancetheletters,figuresormarksareformed,orwhethertheevidenceis
intendedfor,ormaybeusedin,aCourtofJustice,ornot.IllustrationsAwritingexpressingthe
termsofacontract,whichmaybeusedasevidenceofthecontract,isadocument.Achequeupona
bankerisadocument.Apowerofattorneyisadocument.Amaporplanwhichisintendedtobe
usedorwhichmaybeusedasevidence,isadocument.Awritingcontainingdirectionsor
instructionsisadocument.Explanation2.Whateverisexpressedbymeansofletters,figuresor
marksasexplainedbymercantileorotherusage,shallbedeemedtobeexpressedbysuchletters,
figuresormarkswithinthemeaningofthissection,althoughthesamemaynotbeactually
expressed.IllustrationAwriteshisnameonthebackofabillofexchangepayabletohisorder.The
meaningoftheendorsement,asexplainedbymercantileusage,isthatthebillistobepaidtothe
holder.Theendorsementisadocument,andmustbeconstruedinthesamemannerasifthewords
paytotheholderorwordstothateffecthadbeenwrittenoverthesignature.
36[29A.Electronicrecord.Thewordselectronicrecordshallhavethemeaningassignedtothem

inclause(t)ofsubsection
(1)ofsection2oftheInformationTechnologyAct,2000.]
30.Valuablesecurity.Thewordsvaluablesecuritydenoteadocumentwhichis,orpurportsto
be,adocumentwherebyanylegalrightiscreated,extended,transferred,restricted,extinguishedor
released,orwherebyanypersonacknowledgesthatheliesunderlegalliability,orhasnotacertain
legalright.IllustrationAwriteshisnameonthebackofabillofexchange.Astheeffectofthis
endorsementistransfertherighttothebilltoanypersonwhomaybecomethelawfulholderofit,the
endorsementisavaluablesecurity.
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31.Awill.Thewordsawilldenoteanytestamentarydocument.
32.Wordsreferringtoactsincludeillegalomissions.IneverypartofthisCode,exceptwherea
contraryintentionappearsfromthecontext,wordswhichrefertoactsdoneextendalsotoillegal
omissions.
33.Act,Omission.Thewordactdenotesaswellaseriesofactsasasingleact:theword
omissiondenotesaswellaseriesofomissionsasasingleomission.
37 [34.Actsdonebyseveralpersonsinfurtheranceofcommonintention.Whenacriminalactis

donebyseveralpersonsinfurtheranceofthecommonintentionofall,eachofsuchpersonsisliable
forthatactinthesamemannerasifitweredonebyhimalone.]
35.Whensuchanactiscriminalbyreasonofitsbeingdonewithacriminalknowledgeorintention.
Wheneveranact,whichiscriminalonlybyreasonofitsbeingdonewithacriminalknowledgeor
intention,isdonebyseveralpersons,eachofsuchpersonswhojoinsintheactwithsuchknowledge
orintentionisliablefortheactinthesamemannerasiftheactweredonebyhimalonewiththat
knowledgeorintention.
36.Effectcausedpartlybyactandpartlybyomission.Whereverthecausingofacertaineffect,or
anattempttocausethateffect,byanactorbyanomission,isanoffence,itistobeunderstoodthat
thecausingofthateffectpartlybyanactandpartlybyanomissionisthesameoffence.IllustrationA
intentionallycausesZsdeath,partlybyillegallyomittingtogiveZfood,andpartlybybeatingZ.A
hascommittedmurder.
37.Cooperationbydoingoneofseveralactsconstitutinganoffence.Whenanoffenceiscommitted
bymeansofseveralacts,whoeverintentionallycooperatesinthecommissionofthatoffenceby
doinganyoneofthoseacts,eithersinglyorjointlywithanyotherperson,commitsthatoffence.
Illustrations
(a)AandBagreetomurderZbyseverallyandatdifferenttimesgivinghimsmalldosesofpoison.
AandBadministerthepoisonaccordingtotheagreementwithintenttomurderZ.Zdiesfrom
theeffectsoftheseveraldosesofpoisonsoadministeredtohim.HereAandBintentionallyco
operateinthecommissionofmurderandaseachofthemdoesanactbywhichthedeathis
caused,theyarebothguiltyoftheoffencethoughtheiractsareseparate.
(b)AandBarejointjailors,andassuchhavethechargeofZ,aprisoner,alternativelyforsix
hoursatatime.AandB,intendingtocauseZsdeath,knowinglycooperateincausingthateffect
byillegallyomitting,eachduringthetimeofhisattendance,tofurnishZwithfoodsuppliedto
themforthatpurpose,Zdiesofhunger.BothAandBareguiltyofthemurderofZ.
(c)A,ajailor,hasthechargeofZ,aprisoner.A,intendingtocauseZsdeath,illegallyomitsto
supplyZwithfoodinconsequenceofwhichZismuchreducedinstrength,butthestarvationis
notsufficienttocausehisdeath.Aisdismissedfromhisoffice,andBsucceedshim.B,without
collusionorcooperationwithA,illegallyomitstosupplyZwithfood,knowingthatheislikely
therebytocauseZsdeath.Zdiesofhunger.Bisguiltyofmurder,but,asAdidnotcooperate
withB.Aisguiltyonlyofanattempttocommitmurder.
38.Personsconcernedincriminalactmaybeguiltyofdifferentoffences.Whereseveralpersonsare
engagedorconcernedinthecommissionofacriminalact,theymaybeguiltyofdifferentoffencesby
meansofthatact.IllustrationAattacksZundersuchcircumstancesofgraveprovocationthathis
killingofZwouldbeonlyculpablehomicidenotamountingtomurder.B,havingillwilltowardsZ
andintendingtokillhim,andnothavingbeensubjecttotheprovocation,assistsAinkillingZ.Here,
thoughAandBarebothengagedincausingZsdeath,Bisguiltyofmurder,andAisguiltyonlyof
culpablehomicide.
39.Voluntarily.Apersonissaidtocauseaneffectvoluntarilywhenhecausesitbymeans
wherebyheintendedtocauseit,orbymeanswhich,atthetimeofemployingthosemeans,heknew
orhadreasontobelievetobelikelytocauseit.IllustrationAsetsfire,bynight,toaninhabitedhouse
inalargetown,forthepurposeoffacilitatingarobberyandthuscausesthedeathofaperson.Here,
Amaynothaveintendedtocausedeathandmayevenbesorrythatdeathhasbeencausedbyhis
actyet,ifheknewthathewaslikelytocausedeath,hehascauseddeathvoluntarily.

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38[40Offence.Exceptinthe 39[Chapters]andsectionsmentionedinclauses2and3ofthis

section,thewordoffencedenotesathingmadepunishablebythisCode.InChapterIV,40[Chapter
VA]andinthefollowingsections,namely,sections41[64,65,66,42[67],71],109,110,112,114,115,
116,117,43[118,119,120,]187,194,195,203,211,213,214,221,222,223,224,225,327,328,329,
330,331,347,348,388,389and445,thewordoffencedenotesathingpunishableunderthis
Code,orunderanyspecialorlocallawashereinafterdefined.Andinsections141,176,177,201,202,
212,216and441,thewordoffencehasthesamemeaningwhenthethingpunishableunderthe
specialorlocallawispunishableundersuchlawwithimprisonmentforatermofsixmonthsor
upwards,whetherwithorwithoutfine.]
41.Speciallaw.Aspeciallawisalawapplicabletoaparticularsubject.
42.Locallaw.Alocallawisalawapplicableonlytoaparticularpartof44[45[***]46[India]].
43.Illegal,Legallyboundtodo.Thewordillegalisapplicabletoeverythingwhichisanoffence
orwhichisprohibitedbylaw,orwhichfurnishesgroundforacivilactionandapersonissaidtobe
legallyboundtodowhateveritisillegalinhimtoomit.
44.Injury.Thewordinjurydenotesanyharmwhateverillegallycausedtoanyperson,inbody,
mind,reputationorproperty.
45.Life.Thewordlifedenotesthelifeofahumanbeing,unlessthecontraryappearsfromthe
context.
46.Death.Theworddeathdenotesthedeathofahumanbeing,unlessthecontraryappears
fromthecontext.
47.Animal.Thewordanimaldenotesanylivingcreature,otherthanahumanbeing.
48.Vessel.Thewordvesseldenotesanythingmadefortheconveyancebywaterofhuman
beingsorofproperty.
49.Year,Month.Whereverthewordyearorthewordmonthisused,itistobeunderstood
thattheyearorthemonthistobereckonedaccordingtotheBritishcalendar.
50.Section.ThewordsectiondenotesoneofthoseportionsofaChapterofthisCodewhichare
distinguishedbyprefixednumeralfigures.
51.Oath.Thewordoathincludesasolemnaffirmationsubstitutedbylawforanoath,andany
declarationrequiredorauthorizedbylawtobemadebeforeapublicservantortobeusedforthe
purposeofproof,whetherinaCourtofJusticeornot.
52.Goodfaith.Nothingissaidtobedoneorbelievedingoodfaithwhichisdoneorbelieved
withoutduecareandattention.
47 [52A.Harbour.Exceptinsection157,andinsection130inthecaseinwhichtheharbouris

givenbythewifeorhusbandofthepersonharboured,thewordharbourincludesthesupplyinga
personwithshelter,food,drink,money,clothes,arms,ammunitionormeansorconveyance,orthe
assistingapersonbyanymeans,whetherofthesamekindasthoseenumeratedinthissectionor
not,toevadeapprehension.]
53.Punishments.ThepunishmentstowhichoffendersareliableundertheprovisionsofthisCode
are
(First)Death1[Secondly.Imprisonmentforlife]2[***]
(Fourthly)Imprisonment,whichisoftwodescriptions,namely:
(1)Rigorous,thatis,withhardlabour
(2)Simple
(Fifthly)Forfeitureofproperty
(Sixthly)Fine.
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1[53A.Constructionofreferencetotransportation.
(1)Subjecttotheprovisionsofsubsection(2)andsubsection(3),anyreferenceto
transportationforlifeinanyotherlawforthetimebeinginforceorinanyinstrumentororder
havingeffectbyvirtueofanysuchlaworofanyenactmentrepealedshallbeconstruedasa
referencetoimprisonmentforlife.
(2)Ineverycaseinwhichasentenceoftransportationforatermhasbeenpassedbeforethe
commencementoftheCodeofCriminalProcedure(Amendment)Act,2[1955](26of1955),the
offendershallbedealtwithinthesamemannerasifsentencedtorigorousimprisonmentforthe
sameterm.
(3)Anyreferencetotransportationforatermortotransportationforanyshorterterm(by
whatevernamecalled)inanyotherlawforthetimebeinginforceshallbedeemedtohavebeen
omitted.
(4)Anyreferencetotransportationinanyotherlawforthetimebeinginforceshall,
(a)iftheexpressionmeanstransportationforlife,beconstruedasareferenceto
imprisonmentforlife
(b)iftheexpressionmeanstransportationforanyshorterterm,bedeemedtohavebeen
omitted.]
54.Commutationofsentenceofdeath.Ineverycaseinwhichsentenceofdeathshallhavebeen
passed,1[theappropriateGovernment]may,withouttheconsentoftheoffender,commutethe
punishmentforanyotherpunishmentprovidedbythisCode.
55.Commutationofsentenceofimprisonmentforlife.Ineverycaseinwhichsentenceof
1[imprisonment]forlifeshallhavebeenpassed,2[theappropriateGovernment]may,withoutthe
consentoftheoffender,commutethepunishmentforimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
notexceedingfourteenyears.
1[55A.DefinitionofappropriateGovernment.Insections54and55theexpressionappropriate
Governmentmeans,
(a)incaseswherethesentenceisasentenceofdeathorisforanoffenceagainstanylawrelating
toamattertowhichtheexecutivepoweroftheUnionextends,theCentralGovernmentand
(b)incaseswherethesentence(whetherofdeathornot)isforanoffenceagainstanylawrelating
toamattertowhichtheexecutivepoweroftheStateextends,theGovernmentoftheStatewithin
whichtheoffenderissentenced.]
56.SentenceofEuropeansandAmericanstopenalservitude.Provisoastosentenceforterm
exceedingtenyearsbutnotforlife.[Rep.bytheCriminalLaw(RemovalofRacialDiscriminations)
Act,1949(17of1949)(w.e.f.641949).]
57.Fractionsoftermsofpunishment.Incalculatingfractionsoftermsofpunishment,56
[imprisonment]forlifeshallbereckonedasequivalentto56[imprisonment]fortwentyyears.
58.Offenderssentencedtotransportationhowdealtwithuntiltransported.[Rep.bytheCodeof
CriminalProcedure(Amendment)Act,1955(26of1955),sec.117andSch.(w.e.f.111956).]
59.Transportationinsteadofimprisonment.[Rep.bytheCodeofCriminalProcedure
(Amendment)Act,1955(26of1955),sec.117andSch.(w.e.f.111956).]
60.Sentencemaybe(incertaincasesofimprisonment)whollyorpartlyrigorousorsimple.In
everycaseinwhichanoffenderispunishablewithimprisonmentwhichmaybeofeither
description,itshallbecompetenttotheCourtwhichsentencessuchoffendertodirectinthe
sentencethatsuchimprisonmentshallbewhollyrigorous,orthatsuchimprisonmentshallbewholly
simple,orthatanypartofsuchimprisonmentshallberigorousandtherestsimple.
61.Sentenceofforfeitureofproperty.[Rep.bytheIndianPenalCode(Amendment)Act,1921(16of
1921),sec.4.]
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62Forfeitureofpropertyinrespectofoffenderspunishablewithdeath,transportationor
imprisonment.[Rep.bytheIndianPenalCode(Amendment)Act,1921(16of1921)sec.4.]
63.Amountoffine.Wherenosumisexpressedtowhichafinemayextend,theamountoffineto
whichtheoffenderisliableisunlimited,butshallnotbeexcessive.
64.Sentenceofimprisonmentfornonpaymentoffine.1[Ineverycase,ofanoffencepunishable
withimprisonmentaswellasfine,inwhichtheoffenderissentencedtoafine,whetherwithorwith
outimprisonment,andineverycaseofanoffencepunishable2[withimprisonmentorfine,or]with
fineonly,inwhichtheoffenderissentencedtoafine,]itshallbecompetenttotheCourtwhich
sentencessuchoffendertodirectbythesentencethat,indefaultofpaymentofthefine,theoffender
shallsufferimprisonmentforacertainterm,inwhichimprisonmentshallbeinexcessofanyother
imprisonmenttowhichhemayhavebeensentencedortowhichhemaybeliableundera
commutationofasentence.
65.Limittoimprisonmentfornonpaymentoffine,whenimprisonmentandfineawardable.The
termforwhichtheCourtdirectstheoffendertobeimprisonedindefaultofpaymentofafineshall
notexceedonefourthofthetermofimprisonmentwhichisthemaximumfixedfortheoffence,if
theoffencebepunishablewithimprisonmentaswellasfine.
66.Descriptionofimprisonmentfornonpaymentoffine.TheimprisonmentwhichtheCourt
imposesindefaultofpaymentofafinemaybeofanydescriptiontowhichtheoffendermighthave
beensentencedfortheoffence.
67.Imprisonmentfornonpaymentoffine,whenoffencepunishablewithfineonly.Iftheoffence
bepunishablewithfineonly,1[theimprisonmentwhichtheCourtimposesindefaultofpaymentof
thefineshallbesimple,and]thetermforwhichtheCourtdirectstheoffendertobeimprisoned,in
defaultofpaymentoffine,shallnotexceedthefollowingscale,thatistosay,foranytermnot
exceedingtwomonthswhentheamountofthefineshallnotexceedfiftyrupees,andforanytermnot
exceedingfourmonthswhentheamountshallnotexceedonehundredrupees,andforanytermnot
exceedingsixmonthsinanyothercase.
68.Imprisonmenttoterminateonpaymentoffine.Theimprisonmentwhichisimposedindefault
ofpaymentofafineshallterminatewheneverthatfineiseitherpaidorleviedbyprocessoflaw.
69.Terminationofimprisonmentonpaymentofproportionalpartoffine.If,beforetheexpiration
ofthetermofimprisonmentfixedindefaultofpayment,suchaproportionofthefinebepaidor
leviedthatthetermofimprisonmentsufferedindefaultofpaymentisnotlessthanproportionalto
thepartofthefinestillunpaid,theimprisonmentshallterminate.IllustrationAissentencedtoafine
ofonehundredrupeesandtofourmonthsimprisonmentindefaultofpayment.Here,ifseventyfive
rupeesofthefinebepaidorleviedbeforetheexpirationofonemonthoftheimprisonment,Awillbe
dischargedassoonasthefirstmonthhasexpired.Ifseventyfiverupeesbepaidorleviedatthetime
oftheexpirationofthefirstmonth,oratanylatertimewhileAcontinuesinimprisonment,Awillbe
immediatelydischarged.Iffiftyrupeesofthefinebepaidorleviedbeforetheexpirationoftwo
monthsoftheimprisonment,Awillbedischargedassoonasthetwomonthsarecompleted.Iffifty
rupeesbepaidorleviedatthetimeoftheexpirationofthosetwomonths,oratanylatertimewhile
Acontinuesinimprisonment,Awillbeimmediatelydischarged.
70.Fineleviablewithinsixyears,orduringimprisonmentDeathnottodischargepropertyfrom
liability.Thefine,oranypartthereofwhichremainsunpaid,maybeleviedatanytimewithinsix
yearsafterthepassingofthesentence,andif,underthesentence,theoffenderbeliableto
imprisonmentforalongerperiodthansixyears,thenatanytimeprevioustotheexpirationofthat
periodandthedeathoftheoffenderdoesnotdischargefromtheliabilityanypropertywhichwould,
afterhisdeath,belegallyliableforhisdebts.
71.Limitofpunishmentofoffencemadeupofseveraloffences.Whereanythingwhichisanoffence
ismadeupofparts,anyofwhichpartsisitselfanoffence,theoffendershallnotbepunishedwith
thepunishmentofmorethanoneofsuchhisoffences,unlessitbesoexpresslyprovided.1[Where
anythingisanoffencefallingwithintwoormoreseparatedefinitionsofanylawinforceforthetime
beingbywhichoffencesaredefinedorpunished,orwhereseveralacts,ofwhichoneormorethan
onewouldbyitselforthemselvesconstituteanoffence,constitute,whencombined,adifferent
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offence,theoffendershallnotbepunishedwithamoreseverepunishmentthantheCourtwhich
trieshimcouldawardforanyoneofsuchoffences.]Illustrations
(a)AgivesZfiftystrokeswithastick.HereAmayhavecommittedtheoffenceofvoluntarily
causinghurttoZbythewholebeating,andalsobyeachoftheblowswhichmakeupthewhole
beating.IfAwereliabletopunishmentforeveryblow,hemightbeimprisonedforfiftyyears,one
foreachblow.Butheisliableonlytoonepunishmentforthewholebeating.
(b)Butif,whileAisbeatingZ,Yinterferes,andAintentionallystrikesY,here,astheblowgiven
toYisnopartoftheactwherebyAvoluntarilycauseshurttoZ,Aisliabletoonepunishmentfor
voluntarilycausinghurttoZ,andtoanotherfortheblowgiventoY.
72.Punishmentofpersonguiltyofoneofseveraloffences,thejudgmentstatingthatitisdoubtfulof
which.Inallcasesinwhichjudgmentisgiventhatapersonisguiltyofoneofseveraloffences
specifiedinthejudgment,butthatitisdoubtfulofwhichoftheseoffences,heisguilty,theoffender
shallbepunishedfortheoffenceforwhichthelowestpunishmentisprovidedifthesame
punishmentisnotprovidedforall.
73.Solitaryconfinement.WheneveranypersonisconvictedofanoffenceforwhichunderthisCode
theCourthaspowertosentencehimtorigorousimprisonment,theCourtmay,byitssentence,order
thattheoffendershallbekeptinsolitaryconfinementforanyportionorportionsofthe
imprisonmenttowhichheissentenced,notexceedingthreemonthsinthewhole,accordingtothe
followingscale,thatistosayatimenotexceedingonemonthifthetermofimprisonmentshallnot
exceedsixmonthsatimenotexceedingtwomonthsifthetermofimprisonmentshallexceedsix
monthsand1[shallnotexceedone]yearatimenotexceedingthreemonthsifthetermof
imprisonmentshallexceedoneyear.
74.Limitofsolitaryconfinement.Inexecutingasentenceofsolitaryconfinement,suchconfinement
shallinnocaseexceedfourteendaysatatime,withintervalsbetweentheperiodsofsolitary
confinementofnotlessdurationthansuchperiodsandwhentheimprisonmentawardedshall
exceedthreemonths,thesolitaryconfinementshallnotexceedsevendaysinanyonemonthofthe
wholeimprisonmentawarded,withintervalsbetweentheperiodsofsolitaryconfinementofnotless
durationthansuchperiods.
1[75.EnhancedpunishmentforcertainoffencesunderChapterXIIorChapterXVIIafterprevious
conviction.Whoever,havingbeenconvicted,
(a)byaCourtin2[India],ofanoffencepunishableunderChapterXIIorChapterXVIIofthis
Codewithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermofthreeyearsorupwards,3[***]3[***]
shallbeguiltyofanyoffencepunishableundereitherofthoseChapterswithlikeimprisonment
fortheliketerm,shallbesubjectforeverysuchsubsequentoffenceto4[imprisonmentforlife],or
toimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears.]
76.Actdonebyapersonbound,orbymistakeoffactbelievinghimselfbound,bylaw.Nothingisan
offencewhichisdonebyapersonwhois,orwhobyreasonofamistakeoffactandnotbyreasonofa
mistakeoflawingoodfaithbelieveshimselftobe,boundbylawtodoit.Illustrations
(a)A,asoldier,firesonamobbytheorderofhissuperiorofficer,inconformitywiththe
commandsofthelaw.Ahascommittednooffence.
(b)A,anofficerofaCourtofJustice,beingorderedbythatCourttoarrestY,and,afterdue
enquiry,believingZtobeY,arrestsZ.Ahascommittednooffence.
77.ActofJudgewhenactingjudicially.NothingisanoffencewhichisdonebyaJudgewhenacting
judiciallyintheexerciseofanypowerwhichis,orwhichingoodfaithhebelievestobe,giventohim
bylaw.
78.ActdonepursuanttothejudgmentororderofCourt.Nothingwhichisdoneinpursuanceof,or
whichiswarrantedbythejudgmentororderof,aCourtofJusticeifdonewhilstsuchjudgmentor
orderremainsinforce,isanoffence,notwithstandingtheCourtmayhavehadnojurisdictiontopass
suchjudgmentororder,providedthepersondoingtheactingoodfaithbelievesthattheCourthad
suchjurisdiction.

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79.Actdonebyapersonjustified,orbymistakeoffactbelievinghimselfjustified,bylaw.Nothing
isanoffencewhichisdonebyanypersonwhoisjustifiedbylaw,orwhobyreasonofamistakeof
factandnotbyreasonofamistakeoflawingoodfaith,believeshimselftobejustifiedbylaw,in
doingit.IllustrationAseesZcommitwhatappearstoAtobeamurder.A,intheexercise,tothebest
ofhisjudgmentexertedingoodfaith,ofthepowerwhichthelawgivestoallpersonsof
apprehendingmurderersinthefact,seizesZ,inordertobringZbeforetheproperauthorities.Ahas
committednooffence,thoughitmayturnoutthatZwasactinginselfdefence.
80.Accidentindoingalawfulact.Nothingisanoffencewhichisdonebyaccidentormisfortune,
andwithoutanycriminalintentionorknowledgeinthedoingofalawfulactinalawfulmannerby
lawfulmeansandwithpropercareandcaution.IllustrationAisatworkwithahatchettheheadflies
offandkillsamanwhoisstandingby.Here,iftherewasnowantofpropercautiononthepartofA,
hisactisexcusableandnotanoffence.
81.Actlikelytocauseharm,butdonewithoutcriminalintent,andtopreventotherharm.Nothingis
anoffencemerelybyreasonofitsbeingdonewiththeknowledgethatitislikelytocauseharm,ifit
bedonewithoutanycriminalintentiontocauseharm,andingoodfaithforthepurposeof
preventingoravoidingotherharmtopersonorproperty.Explanation.Itisquestionoffactinsucha
casewhethertheharmtobepreventedoravoidedwasofsuchanatureandsoimminentastojustify
orexcusetheriskofdoingtheactwiththeknowledgethatitwaslikelytocauseharm.Illustrations
(a)A,thecaptainofasteamvessel,suddenlyandwithoutanyfaultornegligenceonhispart,finds
himselfinsuchapositionthat,beforehecanstophisvessel,hemustinevitablyrundowntoboat
B,withtwentyorthirtypassengersonboard,unlesshechangesthecourseofhisvessel,andthat,
bychanginghiscourse,hemustincurriskofrunningdownaboatCwithonlytwopassengerson
board,whichhemaypossiblyclear.Here,ifAaltershiscoursewithoutanyintentiontorundown
theboatCandingoodfaithforthepurposeofavoidingthedangertothepassengersintheboatB,
heisnotguiltyofanoffence,thoughhemayrundowntheboatCbydoinganactwhichheknew
waslikelytocausethateffect,ifitbefoundasamatteroffactthatthedangerwhichheintended
toavoidwassuchastoexcusehiminincurringtheriskofrunningdowntheboatC.
(b)A,inagreatfire,pullsdownhousesinordertopreventtheconflagrationfromspreading.He
doesthiswiththeintentioningoodfaithofsavinghumanlifeorproperty.Here,ifitbefoundthat
theharmtobepreventedwasofsuchanatureandsoimminentastoexcuseAsact.Aisnot
guiltyoftheoffence.
82.Actofachildundersevenyearsofage.Nothingisanoffencewhichisdonebyachildunder
sevenyearsofage.
83.Actofachildabovesevenandundertwelveofimmatureunderstanding.Nothingisanoffence
whichisdonebyachildabovesevenyearsofageandundertwelve,whohasnotattainedsufficient
maturityofunderstandingtojudgeofthenatureandconsequencesofhisconductonthatoccasion.
84.Actofapersonofunsoundmind.Nothingisanoffencewhichisdonebyapersonwho,atthe
timeofdoingit,byreasonofunsoundnessofmind,isincapableofknowingthenatureoftheact,or
thatheisdoingwhatiseitherwrongorcontrarytolaw.
85.Actofapersonincapableofjudgmentbyreasonofintoxicationcausedagainsthiswill.Nothing
isanoffencewhichisdonebyapersonwho,atthetimeofdoingit,is,byreasonofintoxication,
incapableofknowingthenatureoftheact,orthatheisdoingwhatiseitherwrong,orcontraryto
lawprovidedthatthethingwhichintoxicatedhimwasadministeredtohimwithouthisknowledge
oragainsthiswill.
86.Offencerequiringaparticularintentorknowledgecommittedbyonewhoisintoxicated.In
caseswhereanactdoneisnotanoffenceunlessdonewithaparticularknowledgeorintent,aperson
whodoestheactinastateofintoxicationshallbeliabletobedealtwithasifhehadthesame
knowledgeashewouldhavehadifhehadnotbeenintoxicated,unlessthethingwhichintoxicated
himwasadministeredtohimwithouthisknowledgeoragainsthiswill.
87.Actnotintendedandnotknowntobelikelytocausedeathorgrievoushurt,donebyconsent.
Nothingwhichisnotintendedtocausedeath,orgrievoushurt,andwhichisnotknownbythedoer
tobelikelytocausedeathorgrievoushurt,isanoffencebyreasonofanyharmwhichitmaycause,
orbeintendedbythedoertocause,toanyperson,aboveeighteenyearsofage,whohasgiven
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consent,whetherexpressorimplied,tosufferthatharmorbyreasonofanyharmwhichitmaybe
knownbythedoertobelikelytocausetoanysuchpersonwhohasconsentedtotaketheriskofthat
harm.IllustrationAandZagreestofencewitheachotherforamusement.Thisagreementimplies
theconsentofeachtosufferanyharmwhich,inthecourseofsuchfencing,maybecausedwithout
foulplayandifA,whileplayingfairly,hurtsZ,Acommitsnooffence.
88.Actnotintendedtocausedeath,donebyconsentingoodfaithforpersonsbenefit.Nothing
whichisnotintendedtocausedeath,isanoffencebyreasonofanyharmwhichitmaycause,orbe
intendedbythedoertocause,orbeknownbythedoertobelikelytocause,toanypersonforwhose
benefititisdoneingoodfaith,andwhohasgivenaconsent,whetherexpressorimplied,tosuffer
thatharm,ortotaketheriskofthatharm.IllustrationA,asurgeon,knowingthataparticular
operationislikelytocausethedeathofZ,whosuffersunderapainfulcomplaint,butnotintendingto
causeZsdeathandintendingingoodfaith,ZsbenefitperformsthatoperationonZ,withZs
consent.Ahascommittednooffence.
89.Actdoneingoodfaithforbenefitofchildorinsaneperson,byorbyconsentofguardian.
Nothingwhichisdoneingoodfaithforthebenefitofapersonundertwelveyearsofage,orof
unsoundmind,byorbyconsent,eitherexpressorimplied,oftheguardianorotherpersonhaving
lawfulchargeofthatperson,isanoffencebyreasonofanyharmwhichitmaycause,orbeintended
bythedoertocauseorbeknownbythedoertobelikelytocausetothatperson:ProvisosProvided

(First)Thatthisexceptionshallnotextendtotheintentionalcausingofdeath,ortothe
attemptingtocausedeath
(Secondly)Thatthisexceptionshallnotextendtothedoingofanythingwhichthepersondoing
itknowstobelikelytocausedeath,foranypurposeotherthanthepreventingofdeathorgrievous
hurt,orthecuringofanygrievousdiseaseorinfirmity
(Thirdly)Thatthisexceptionshallnotextendtothevoluntarycausingofgrievoushurt,ortothe
attemptingtocausegrievoushurt,unlessitbeforthepurposeofpreventingdeathorgrievous
hurt,orthecuringofanygrievousdiseaseorinfirmity
(Fourthly)Thatthisexceptionshallnotextendtotheabetmentofanyoffence,tothecommitting
ofwhichoffenceitwouldnotextend.IllustrationA,ingoodfaith,forhischildsbenefitwithouthis
childsconsent,hashischildcutforthestonebyasurgeon.Knowingittobelikelythatthe
operationwillcausethechildsdeath,butnotintendingtocausethechildsdeath.Aiswithinthe
exception,inasmuchashisobjectwasthecureofthechild.
90.Consentknowntobegivenunderfearormisconception.Aconsentisnotsuchaconsentasit
intendedbyanysectionofthisCode,iftheconsentisgivenbyapersonunderfearofinjury,orunder
amisconceptionoffact,andifthepersondoingtheactknows,orhasreasontobelieve,thatthe
consentwasgiveninconsequenceofsuchfearormisconceptionorConsentofinsaneperson.ifthe
consentisgivenbyapersonwho,fromunsoundnessofmind,orintoxication,isunableto
understandthenatureandconsequenceofthattowhichhegiveshisconsentorConsentofchild.
unlessthecontraryappearsfromthecontext,iftheconsentisgivenbyapersonwhoisundertwelve
yearsofage.
91.Exclusionofactswhichareoffencesindependentlyofharmcaused.Theexceptionsinsections
87,88and89donotextendtoactswhichareoffencesindependentlyofanyharmwhichtheymay
cause,orbeintendedtocause,orbeknowntobelikelytocause,tothepersongivingtheconsent,or
onwhosebehalftheconsentisgiven.IllustrationCausingmiscarriage(unlesscausedingoodfaith
forthepurposeofsavingthelifeofthewoman)isanoffenceindependentlyofanyharmwhichit
maycauseorbeintendedtocausetothewoman.Therefore,itisnotanoffencebyreasonofsuch
harmandtheconsentofthewomanorofherguardiantothecausingofsuchmiscarriagedoesnot
justifytheact.
92.Actdoneingoodfaithforbenefitofapersonwithoutconsent.Nothingisanoffencebyreasonof
anyharmwhichitmaycausetoapersonforwhosebenefititisdoneingoodfaith,evenwithoutthat
personsconsent,ifthecircumstancesaresuchthatitisimpossibleforthatpersontosignifyconsent,
orifthatpersonisincapableofgivingconsent,andhasnoguardianorotherpersoninlawfulcharge
ofhimfromwhomitispossibletoobtainconsentintimeforthethingtobedonewithbenefit:
ProvisosProvided
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(First)Thatthisexceptionshallnotextendtotheintentionalcausingofdeath,ortheattempting
tocausedeath
(Secondly)Thatthisexceptionshallnotextendtothedoingofanythingwhichthepersondoing
itknowstobelikelytocausedeath,foranypurposeotherthanthepreventingofdeathorgrievous
hurt,orthecuringofanygrievousdiseaseorinfirmity
(Thirdly)Thatthisexceptionshallnotextendtothevoluntarycausingofhurt,ortothe
attemptingtocausehurt,foranypurposeotherthanthepreventingofdeathorhurt
(Fourthly)Thatthisexceptionshallnotextendtotheabetmentofanyoffence,tothecommitting
ofwhichoffenceitwouldnotextend.Illustrations
(a)Zisthrownfromhishorse,andisinsensible.A,asurgeon,findsthatZrequirestobe
trepanned.A,notintendingZsdeath,butingoodfaith,forZsbenefit,performsthetrepan
beforeZrecovershispowerofjudgingforhimself.Ahascommittednooffence.
(b)Ziscarriedoffbyatiger.AfiresatthetigerknowingittobelikelythattheshotmaykillZ,
butnotintendingtokillZ,andingoodfaithintendingZsbenefit.AsballgivesZamortal
wound.Ahascommittednooffence.
(c)A,asurgeon,seesachildsufferanaccidentwhichislikelytoprovefatalunlessan
operationbeimmediatelyperformed.Thereisnotimetoapplytothechildsguardian.A
performstheoperationinspiteoftheentreatiesofthechild,intending,ingoodfaith,the
childsbenefit.Ahascommittednooffence.
(d)Aisinahousewhichisonfire,withZ,achild.Peoplebelowholdoutablanket.Adrops
thechildfromthehousetop,knowingittobelikelythatthefallmaykillthechild,butnot
intendingtokillthechild,andintending,ingoodfaith,thechildsbenefit.Here,evenifthe
childiskilledbythefall,Ahascommittednooffence.Explanation.Merepecuniarybenefitis
notbenefitwithinthemeaningofsections88,89and92.
93.Communicationmadeingoodfaith.Nocommunicationmadeingoodfaithisanoffenceby
reasonofanyharmtothepersontowhomitismade,ifitismadeforthebenefitofthatperson.
IllustrationA,asurgeon,ingoodfaith,communicatestoapatienthisopinionthathecannotlive.The
patientdiesinconsequenceoftheshock.Ahascommittednooffence,thoughheknewittobelikely
thatthecommunicationmightcausethepatientsdeath.
94.Acttowhichapersoniscompelledbythreats.Exceptmurder,andoffencesagainsttheState
punishablewithdeath,nothingisanoffencewhichisdonebyapersonwhoiscompelledtodoitby
threats,which,atthetimeofdoingit,reasonablycausetheapprehensionthatinstantdeathtothat
personwillotherwisebetheconsequence:Providedthepersondoingtheactdidnotofhisown
accord,orfromareasonableapprehensionofharmtohimselfshortofinstantdeath,placehimselfin
thesituationbywhichhebecamesubjecttosuchconstraint.Explanation1.Apersonwho,ofhis
ownaccord,orbyreasonofathreatofbeingbeaten,joinsagangofdacoits,knowingtheircharacter,
isnotentitledtothebenefitofthisexception,onthegroundofhishavingbeencompelledbyhis
associatestodoanythingthatisanoffencebylaw.Explanation2.Apersonseizedbyagangof
dacoits,andforced,bythreatofinstantdeath,todoathingwhichisanoffencebylawforexample,a
smithcompelledtotakehistoolsandtoforcethedoorofahouseforthedacoitstoenterandplunder
it,isentitledtothebenefitofthisexception.
95.Actcausingslightharm.Nothingisanoffencebyreasonthatitcauses,orthatitisintendedto
cause,orthatitisknowntobelikelytocause,anyharm,ifthatharmissoslightthatnopersonof
ordinarysenseandtemperwouldcomplainofsuchharm.
96.Thingsdoneinprivatedefence.Nothingisanoffencewhichisdoneintheexerciseoftheright
ofprivatedefence.
97.Rightofprivatedefenceofthebodyandofproperty.Everypersonhasaright,subjecttothe
restrictionscontainedinsection99,todefend
(First)Hisownbody,andthebodyofanyotherperson,againstanyoffenceaffectingthehuman
body
(Secondly)Theproperty,whethermovableorimmovable,ofhimselforofanyotherperson,
againstanyactwhichisanoffencefallingunderthedefinitionoftheft,robbery,mischiefor
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criminaltrespass,orwhichisanattempttocommittheft,robbery,mischieforcriminaltrespass.
98.Rightofprivatedefenceagainsttheactofapersonofunsoundmind,etc.Whenanact,which
wouldotherwisebeacertainoffence,isnotthatoffence,byreasonoftheyouth,thewantofmaturity
ofunderstanding,theunsoundnessofmindortheintoxicationofthepersondoingthatact,orby
reasonofanymisconceptiononthepartofthatperson,everypersonhasthesamerightofprivate
defenceagainstthatactwhichhewouldhaveiftheactwerethatoffence.Illustrations
(a)Z,undertheinfluenceofmadness,attemptstokillAZisguiltyofnooffence.ButAhasthe
samerightofprivatedefencewhichhewouldhaveifZweresane.
(b)AentersbynightahousewhichheislegallyentitledtoenterZ,ingoodfaith,takingAfora
housebreaker,attacksA.HereZ,byattackingAunderthismisconception,commitsnooffence.
ButAhasthesamerightofprivatedefenceagainstZ,whichhewouldhaveifZwerenotacting
underthatmisconception.
99.Actsagainstwhichthereisnorightofprivatedefence.Thereisnorightofprivatedefence
againstanactwhichdoesnotreasonablycausetheapprehensionofdeathorofgrievoushurt,if
done,orattemptedtobedone,byapublicservantactingingoodfaithundercolourofhisoffice,
thoughthatact,maynotbestrictlyjustifiablebylaw.Thereisnorightofprivatedefenceagainstan
actwhichdoesnotreasonablycausetheapprehensionofdeathorofgrievoushurt,ifdone,or
attemptedtobedone,bythedirectionofapublicservantactingingoodfaithundercolourofhis
office,thoughthatdirectionmaynotbestrictlyjustifiablebylaw.Thereisnorightofprivatedefence
incasesinwhichthereistimetohaverecoursetotheprotectionofthepublicauthorities.Extentto
whichtherightmaybeexercised.Therightofprivatedefenceinnocaseextendstotheinflictingof
moreharmthanitisnecessarytoinflictforthepurposeofdefence.Explanation1.Apersonisnot
deprivedoftherightofprivatedefenceagainstanactdone,orattemptedtobedone,byapublic
servant,assuch,unlessheknowsorhasreasontobelieve,thatthepersondoingtheactissuch
publicservant.Explanation2.Apersonisnotdeprivedoftherightofprivatedefenceagainstanact
done,orattemptedtobedone,bythedirectionofapublicservant,unlessheknows,orhasreasonto
believe,thatthepersondoingtheactisactingbysuchdirection,orunlesssuchpersonstatesthe
authorityunderwhichheacts,orifhehasauthorityinwriting,unlessheproducessuchauthority,if
demanded.
100.Whentherightofprivatedefenceofthebodyextendstocausingdeath.Therightofprivate
defenceofthebodyextends,undertherestrictionsmentionedinthelastprecedingsection,tothe
voluntarycausingofdeathorofanyotherharmtotheassailant,iftheoffencewhichoccasionsthe
exerciseoftherightbeofanyofthedescriptionshereinafterenumerated,namely:
(First)Suchanassaultasmayreasonablycausetheapprehensionthatdeathwillotherwisebe
theconsequenceofsuchassault
(Secondly)Suchanassaultasmayreasonablycausetheapprehensionthatgrievoushurtwill
otherwisebetheconsequenceofsuchassault
(Thirdly)Anassaultwiththeintentionofcommittingrape
(Fourthly)Anassaultwiththeintentionofgratifyingunnaturallust
(Fifthly)Anassaultwiththeintentionofkidnappingorabducting
(Sixthly)Anassaultwiththeintentionofwrongfullyconfiningaperson,undercircumstances
whichmayreasonablycausehimtoapprehendthathewillbeunabletohaverecoursetothe
publicauthoritiesforhisrelease.
101.Whensuchrightextendstocausinganyharmotherthandeath.Iftheoffencebenotofanyof
thedescriptionsenumeratedinthelastprecedingsection,therightofprivatedefenceofthebody
doesnotextendtothevoluntarycausingofdeathtotheassailant,butdoesextend,undertherestric
tionsmentionedinsection99,tothevoluntarycausingtotheassailantofanyharmotherthandeath.
102.Commencementandcontinuanceoftherightofprivatedefenceofthebody.Therightof
privatedefenceofthebodycommencesassoonasareasonableapprehensionofdangertothebody
arisesfromanattemptorthreattocommittheoffencethoughtheoffencemaynothavebeen
committedanditcontinuesaslongassuchapprehensionofdangertothebodycontinues.

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103.Whentherightofprivatedefenceofpropertyextendstocausingdeath.Therightofprivate
defenceofpropertyextends,undertherestrictionsmentionedinsection99,tothevoluntarycausing
ofdeathorofanyotherharmtothewrongdoer,iftheoffence,thecommittingofwhich,orthe
attemptingtocommitwhich,occasionstheexerciseoftheright,beanoffenceofanyofthe
descriptionshereinafterenumerated,namely:
(First)Robbery
(Secondly)Housebreakingbynight
(Thirdly)Mischiefbyfirecommittedonanybuilding,tentorvessel,whichbuilding,tentor
vesselisusedasahumandwelling,orasaplaceforthecustodyofproperty
(Fourthly)Theft,mischief,orhousetrespass,undersuchcircumstancesasmayreasonably
causeapprehensionthatdeathorgrievoushurtwillbetheconsequence,ifsuchrightofprivate
defenceisnotexercised.STATEAMENDMENTS
(Karnataka)(1)Insection103,inclauseThirdly,
(i)afterthewordsmischiefbyfire,insertthewordsoranyexplosivesubstance
(ii)afterthewordsasahumandwelling,orinsertthewordsasaplaceofworship,or.
(2)AfterclauseFourthly,insertthefollowingclause,namely:Fifthly.Mischiefby
fireoranyexplosivesubstancecommittedonanypropertyusedorintendedtobeused
forthepurposeofGovernmentoranylocalauthority,statutorybodyorcompanyowned
orcontrolledbyGovernmentorrailwayoranyvehicleusedoradaptedtobeusedforthe
carriageofpassengersforhireorreward.[VideKarnatakaAct8of1972,sec.2(w.e.f.
7101972)].
(Maharashtra)Insection103,addthefollowingattheend,namely:Fifthly.Mischiefbyfire
oranyexplosivesubstancecommittedonanypropertyusedorintendedtobeusedforthe
purposesofGovernmentoranylocalauthority,statutorybody,companyownedorcontrolledby
Government,railwayortramway,oronanyvehicleusedoradaptedtobeused,forthecarriageof
passengersforhireorreward.[VideMaharashtraAct19of1971,sec.26(w.e.f.31121971)].
UttarPradesh.Insection103,afterclausefourthly,addthefollowingclause,namely:Fifthly.
Mischiefbyfireoranyexplosivesubstancecommittedon
(a)AnypropertyusedorintendedtobeusedforthepurposeofGovernment,oranylocal
authorityorothercorporationownedorcontrolledbytheGovernment,or
(b)anyrailwayasdefinedinclause(4)ofsection3oftheIndianRailwaysAct,1890or
railwaysstoresasdefinedintheRailwaysStores(UnlawfulPossession)Act,1955,or
(c)anytransportvehicleasdefinedin*clause(33)ofsection2oftheMotorVehiclesAct,
1939.[VideUttarPradeshAct29of1970,sec.2(w.e.f.1771970)].*Seeclause(47)ofsec.
2oftheMotorVehiclesAct,1988.
104.Whensuchrightextendstocausinganyharmotherthandeath.Iftheoffence,thecommitting
ofwhich,ortheattemptingtocommitwhich,occasionstheexerciseoftherightofprivatedefence,
betheft,mischief,orcriminaltrespass,notofanyofthedescriptionsenumeratedinthelast
precedingsection,thatrightdoesnotextendtothevoluntarycausingofdeath,butdoesextend,
subjecttotherestrictionsmentionedinsection99,tothevoluntarycausingtothewrongdoerofany
harmotherthandeath.
105.Commencementandcontinuanceoftherightofprivatedefenceofproperty.Therightof
privatedefenceofpropertycommenceswhenareasonableapprehensionofdangertotheproperty
commences.Therightofprivatedefenceofpropertyagainsttheftcontinuestilltheoffenderhas
effectedhisretreatwiththepropertyoreithertheassistanceofthepublicauthoritiesisobtained,or
thepropertyhasbeenrecovered.Therightofprivatedefenceofpropertyagainstrobberycontinues
aslongastheoffendercausesorattemptstocausetoanypersondeathorhurtorwrongfulrestraint
oraslongasthefearofinstantdeathorofinstanthurtorofinstantpersonalrestraintcontinues.The
rightofprivatedefenceofpropertyagainstcriminaltrespassormischiefcontinuesaslongasthe
offendercontinuesinthecommissionofcriminaltrespassormischief.Therightofprivatedefenceof
propertyagainsthousebreakingbynightcontinuesaslongasthehousetrespasswhichhasbeen
begunbysuchhousebreakingcontinues.

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106.Rightofprivatedefenceagainstdeadlyassaultwhenthereisriskofharmtoinnocentperson.
Ifintheexerciseoftherightofprivatedefenceagainstanassaultwhichreasonablycausesthe
apprehensionofdeath,thedefenderbesosituatedthathecannoteffectuallyexercisethatright
withoutriskofharmtoaninnocentperson,hisrightofprivatedefenceextendstotherunningofthat
risk.IllustrationAisattackedbyamobwhoattempttomurderhim.Hecannoteffectuallyexercise
hisrightofprivatedefencewithoutfiringonthemob,andhecannotfirewithoutriskofharming
youngchildrenwhoaremingledwiththemob.Acommitsnooffenceifbysofiringheharmsanyof
thechildren.
107.Abetmentofathing.Apersonabetsthedoingofathing,who
(First)Instigatesanypersontodothatthingor
(Secondly)Engageswithoneormoreotherpersonorpersonsinanyconspiracyforthedoingof
thatthing,ifanactorillegalomissiontakesplaceinpursuanceofthatconspiracy,andinorderto
thedoingofthatthingor
(Thirdly)Intentionallyaids,byanyactorillegalomission,thedoingofthatthing.Explanation1.
Apersonwho,bywilfulmisrepresentation,orbywilfulconcealmentofamaterialfactwhichhe
isboundtodisclose,voluntarilycausesorprocures,orattemptstocauseorprocure,athingtobe
done,issaidtoinstigatethedoingofthatthing.IllustrationA,apublicofficer,isauthorizedbya
warrantfromaCourtofJusticetoapprehendZ.B,knowingthatfactandalsothatCisnotZ,
wilfullyrepresentstoAthatCisZ,andtherebyintentionallycausesAtoapprehendC.HereB
abetsbyinstigationtheapprehensionofC.Explanation2.Whoever,eitherpriortooratthetime
ofthecommissionofanact,doesanythinginordertofacilitatethecommissionofthatact,and
therebyfacilitatethecommissionthereof,issaidtoaidthedoingofthatact.
108.Abettor.Apersonabetsanoffence,whoabetseitherthecommissionofanoffence,orthe
commissionofanactwhichwouldbeanoffence,ifcommittedbyapersoncapablebylawof
committinganoffencewiththesameintentionorknowledgeasthatoftheabettor.Explanation1.
Theabetmentoftheillegalomissionofanactmayamounttoanoffencealthoughtheabettormaynot
himselfbeboundtodothatact.Explanation2.Toconstitutetheoffenceofabetmentitisnot
necessarythattheactabettedshouldbecommitted,orthattheeffectrequisitetoconstitutethe
offenceshouldbecaused.Illustrations
(a)AinstigatesBtomurderC.Brefusestodoso.AisguiltyofabettingBtocommitmurder.
(b)AinstigatesBtomurderD.BinpursuanceoftheinstigationstabsD.Drecoversfromthe
wound.AisguiltyofinstigatingBtocommitmurder.Explanation3.Itisnotnecessarythatthe
personabettedshouldbecapablebylawofcommittinganoffence,orthatheshouldhavethe
sameguiltyintentionorknowledgeasthatoftheabettor,oranyguiltyintentionorknowledge.
Illustrations
(a)A,withaguiltyintention,abetsachildoralunatictocommitanactwhichwouldbean
offence,ifcommittedbyapersoncapablebylawofcommittinganoffence,andhavingthesame
intentionasA.HereA,whethertheactbecommittedornot,isguiltyofabettinganoffence.
(b)A,withtheintentionofmurderingZ,instigatesB,achildundersevenyearsofage,todoanact
whichcausesZsdeath.B,inconsequenceoftheabetment,doestheactintheabsenceofAand
therebycausesZsdeath.Here,thoughBwasnotcapablebylawofcommittinganoffence,Ais
liabletobepunishedinthesamemannerasifBhadbeencapablebylawofcommittingan
offence,andhadcommittedmurder,andheisthereforesubjecttothepunishmentofdeath.
(c)AinstigatesBtosetfiretoadwellinghouse,B,inconsequenceoftheunsoundnessofhis
mind,beingincapableofknowingthenatureoftheact,orthatheisdoingwhatiswrongor
contrarytolaw,setsfiretothehouseinconsequenceofAsinstigation.Bhascommittedno
offence,butAisguiltyofabettingtheoffenceofsettingfiretoadwellinghouse,andisliableto
thepunishment,providedforthatoffence.
(d)A,intendingtocauseathefttobecommitted,instigatesBtotakepropertybelongingtoZout
ofZspossession.AinducesBtobelievethatthepropertybelongstoA.Btakesthepropertyoutof
Zspossession,ingoodfaith,believingittobeAsproperty.B,actingunderthismisconception,
doesnottakedishonestly,andthereforedoesnotcommittheft.ButAisguiltyofabettingtheft,
andisliabletothesamepunishmentasifBhadcommittedtheft.Explanation4.Theabetment
ofanoffencebeinganoffence,theabetmentofsuchanabetmentisalsoasoffence.IllustrationA
instigatesBtoinstigateCtomurderZ.BaccordinglyinstigatesCtomurderZ,andCcommitsthat
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offenceinconsequenceofBsinstigation.Bisliabletobepunishedforhisoffencewiththe
punishmentformurderand,asAinstigatedBtocommittheoffence,Aisalsoliabletothesame
punishment.Explanation5.Itisnotnecessarytothecommissionoftheoffenceofabetmentby
conspiracythattheabettorshouldconcerttheoffencewiththepersonwhocommitsit.Itis
sufficientifheengagesintheconspiracyinpursuanceofwhichtheoffenceiscommitted.
IllustrationAconcertswithBaplanforpoisoningZ.ItisagreedthatAshalladministerthe
poison.BthenexplainstheplantoCmentioningthatathirdpersonistoadministerthepoison,
butwithoutmentioningAsname.Cagreestoprocurethepoison,andprocuresanddeliversitto
Bforthepurposeofitsbeingusedinthemannerexplained.AadministersthepoisonZdiesin
consequence.Here,thoughAandChavenotconspiredtogether,yetChasbeenengagedinthe
conspiracyinpursuanceofwhichZhasbeenmurdered.Chasthereforecommittedtheoffence
definedinthissectionandisliabletothepunishmentformurder.
1[108A.AbetmentinIndiaofoffencesoutsideIndia.Apersonabetsanoffencewithinthemeaning
ofthisCodewho,in2[India],abetsthecommissionofanyactwithoutandbeyond2[India]which
wouldconstituteanoffenceifcommittedin2[India].IllustrationA,in2[India],instigatesB,a
foreignerinGoa,tocommitamurderinGoa.Aisguiltyofabettingmurder.]
109.Punishmentofabetmentiftheactabettediscommittedinconsequenceandwherenoexpress
provisionismadeforitspunishment.Whoeverabetsanyoffenceshall,iftheactabettedis
committedinconsequenceoftheabetment,andnoexpressprovisionismadebythisCodeforthe
punishmentofsuchabetment,bepunishedwiththepunishmentprovidedfortheoffence.
Explanation.Anactoroffenceissaidtobecommittedinconsequenceofabetment,whenitis
committedinconsequenceoftheinstigation,orinpursuanceoftheconspiracy,orwiththeaidwhich
constitutestheabetment.Illustrations
(a)AoffersabribetoB,apublicservant,asarewardforshowingAsomefavourintheexerciseof
Bsofficialfunctions.Bacceptsthebribe.Ahasabettedtheoffencedefinedinsection161.
(b)AinstigatesBtogivefalseevidence.B,inconsequenceoftheinstigation,commitsthat
offence.Aisguiltyofabettingthatoffence,andisliabletothesamepunishmentasB.
(c)AandBconspiretopoisonZ.Ainpursuanceoftheconspiracy,procuresthepoisonand
deliversittoBinorderthathemayadministerittoZ.B,inpursuanceoftheconspiracy,adminis
tersthepoisontoZinAsabsenceandtherebycausesZsdeath.HereBisguiltyofmurder.Ais
guiltyofabettingthatoffencebyconspiracy,andisliabletothepunishmentformurder.
CLASSIFICATIONOFOFFENCEPunishmentSameasforoffenceabettedAccordingasoffence
abettediscognizableornoncognizableAccordingasoffenceabettedisbailableornonbailable
TriablebycourtbywhichoffenceabettedistriableNoncompoundable.
110.Punishmentofabetmentifpersonabetteddoesactwithdifferentintentionfromthatofabettor.
Whoeverabetsthecommissionofanoffenceshall,ifthepersonabetteddoestheactwitha
differentintentionorknowledgefromthatoftheabettor,bepunishedwiththepunishmentprovided
fortheoffencewhichwouldhavebeencommittediftheacthadbeendonewiththeintentionor
knowledgeoftheabettorandwithnoother.
111.Liabilityofabettorwhenoneactabettedanddifferentactdone.Whenanactisabettedanda
differentactisdone,theabettorisliablefortheactdone,inthesamemannerandtothesameextent
asifhehaddirectlyabettedit:
(Proviso)Providedtheactdonewasaprobableconsequenceoftheabetment,andwas
committedundertheinfluenceoftheinstigation,orwiththeaidorinpursuanceoftheconspiracy
whichconstitutedtheabetment.Illustrations
(a)AinstigatesachildtoputpoisonintothefoodofZ,andgiveshimpoisonforthatpurpose.
Thechild,inconsequenceoftheinstigation,bymistakeputsthepoisonintothefoodofY,
whichisbythesideofthatofZ.Here,ifthechildwasactingundertheinfluenceofAs
instigation,andtheactdonewasunderthecircumstancesaprobableconsequenceofthe
abetment.Aisliableinthesamemannerandtothesameextentasifhehadinstigatedthe
childtoputthepoisonintothefoodofY.
(b)AinstigatesBtoburnZshouse.Bsetsfiretothehouseandatthesametimecommits
theftofpropertythere.A,thoughguiltyofabettingtheburningofthehouse,isnotguiltyof
abettingthetheftforthetheftwasadistinctact,andnotaprobableconsequenceofthe
burning.
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(c)AinstigatesBandCtobreakintoaninhabitedhouseatmidnightforthepurposeof
robbery,andprovidesthemwitharmsforthatpurpose.BandCbreakintothehouse,and
beingresistedbyZ,oneoftheinmates,murderZ.Here,ifthatmurderwastheprobable
consequenceoftheabetment,Aisliabletothepunishmentprovidedformurder.
CLASSIFICATIONOFOFFENCEPunishmentSameasforoffenceintendedtobeabetted
AccordingasoffenceabettediscognizableornoncognizableAccordingasoffenceabettedis
bailableornonbailableTriablebycourtbywhichoffenceabettedistriableNon
compoundable.
112.Abettorwhenliabletocumulativepunishmentforactabettedandforactdone.Iftheactfor
whichtheabettorisliableunderthelastprecedingsectioniscommittedinadditiontotheact
abetted,andconstitutesadistinctoffence,theabettorisliabletopunishmentforeachoftheoffences.
IllustrationAinstigatesBtoresistbyforceadistressmadebyapublicservant.B,inconsequence,
resiststhatdistress.Inofferingtheresistance,Bvoluntarilycausesgrievoushurttotheofficer
executingthedistress.AsBhascommittedboththeoffenceofresistingthedistress,andtheoffence
ofvoluntarilycausinggrievoushurt,Bisliabletopunishmentforboththeseoffencesand,ifAknew
thatBwaslikelyvoluntarilytocausegrievoushurtinresistingthedistressAwillalsobeliableto
punishmentforeachoftheoffences.
113.Liabilityofabettorforaneffectcausedbytheactabetteddifferentfromthatintendedbythe
abettor.Whenanactisabettedwiththeintentiononthepartoftheabettorofcausingaparticular
effect,andanactforwhichtheabettorisliableinconsequenceoftheabetment,causedadifferent
effectfromthatintendedbytheabettor,theabettorisliablefortheeffectcaused,inthesame
mannerandtothesameextentasifhehadabettedtheactwiththeintentionofcausingthateffect,
providedheknewthattheactabettedwaslikelytocausethateffect.IllustrationAinstigatesBto
causegrievoushurttoZ.B,inconsequenceoftheinstigation,causesgrievoushurttoZ.Zdiesin
consequence.Here,ifAknewthatthegrievoushurtabettedwaslikelytocausedeath,Aisliableto
bepunishedwiththepunishmentprovidedformurder.CLASSIFICATIONOFOFFENCE
PunishmentSameasforoffencecommittedAccordingasoffenceabettediscognizableornon
cognizableAccordingasoffenceabettedisbailableornonbailableTriablebycourtbywhich
offenceabettedistriableNoncompoundable.
114.Abettorpresentwhenoffenceiscommitted.Wheneveranyperson,whoisabsentwouldbe
liabletobepunishedasanabettor,ispresentwhentheactoroffenceforwhichhewouldbe
punishableinconsequenceoftheabetmentiscommitted,heshallbedeemedtohavecommitted
suchactoroffence.
115.Abetmentofoffencepunishablewithdeathorimprisonmentforlifeifoffencenotcommitted.
Whoeverabetsthecommissionofanoffencepunishablewithdeathor1[imprisonmentforlife],
shall,ifthatoffencebenotcommittedinconsequenceoftheabetment,andnoexpressprovisionis
madebythisCodeforthepunishmentofsuchabetment,bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineIfactcausing
harmbedoneinconsequence.andifanyactforwhichtheabettorisliableinconsequenceofthe
abetment,andwhichcauseshurttoanyperson,isdone,theabettorshallbeliabletoimprisonment
ofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtofourteenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
IllustrationAinstigatesBtomurderZ.Theoffenceisnotcommitted.IfBhadmurderedZ,hewould
havebeensubjecttothepunishmentofdeathor1[imprisonmentforlife].ThereforeAisliableto
imprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyearsandalsotoafineandifanyhurtbedone
toZinconsequenceoftheabetment,hewillbeliabletoimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextend
tofourteenyears,andtofine.CLASSIFICATIONOFOFFENCEParaI:PunishmentImprisonment
for7yearsandfineAccordingasoffenceabettediscognizableornoncognizablenonbailable
TriablebycourtbywhichoffenceabettedistriableNoncompoundable.ParaII:Punishment
Imprisonmentfor14yearsandfineAccordingasoffenceabettediscognizableornoncognizable
nonbailableTriablebycourtbywhichoffenceabettedistriableNoncompoundable.
116.Abetmentofoffencepunishablewithimprisonmentifoffencebenotcommitted.Whoever
abetsanoffencepunishablewithimprisonmentshall,ifthatoffencebenotcommittedin
consequenceoftheabetment,andnoexpressprovisionismadebythisCodeforthepunishmentof
suchabetment,bepunishedwithimprisonmentofanydescriptionprovidedforthatoffencefora
termwhichmayextendtoonefourthpartofthelongesttermprovidedforthatoffenceorwithsuch
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fineasisprovidedforthatoffence,orwithbothIfabettororpersonabettedbeapublicservant
whosedutyitistopreventoffence.andiftheabettororthepersonabettedisapublicservant,
whosedutyitistopreventthecommissionofsuchoffence,theabettorshallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofanydescriptionprovidedforthatoffence,foratermwhichmayextendtoonehalf
ofthelongesttermprovidedforthatoffence,orwithsuchfineasisprovidedfortheoffence,orwith
both.Illustrations
(a)AoffersabribetoB,apublicservant,asarewardforshowingAsomefavourintheexerciseof
Bsofficialfunctions.Brefusestoacceptthebribe.Aispunishableunderthissection.
(b)AinstigatesBtogivefalseevidence.Here,ifBdoesnotgivefalseevidence,Ahas
neverthelesscommittedtheoffencedefinedinthissection,andispunishableaccordingly.
(c)A,apoliceofficer,whosedutyitistopreventrobbery,abetsthecommissionofrobbery.Here,
thoughtherobberybenotcommitted,Aisliabletoonehalfofthelongesttermofimprisonment
providedforthatoffence,andalsotofine.
(d)BabetsthecommissionofarobberybyA,apoliceofficer,whosedutyitistopreventthat
offence.Here,thoughtherobberybenotcommitted,Bisliabletoonehalfofthelongesttermof
imprisonmentprovidedfortheoffenceofrobbery,andalsotofine.CLASSIFICATIONOF
OFFENCEParaI:PunishmentImprisonmentextendingtoaquarterpartofthelongestterm,
providedfortheoffence,orfine,orbothAccordingtooffenceabettediscognizableornon
cognizableAccordingasoffenceabettedisbailableornonbailableTriablebycourtbywhich
offenceabettedistriableNoncompoundable.ParaII:PunishmentImprisonmentextendingto
halfofthelongestterm,providedfortheoffence,orfine,orbothAccordingasoffenceabettedis
cognizableornoncognizableAccordingasoffenceabettedisbailableornonbailableTriableby
courtbywhichoffenceabettedistriableNoncompoundable.
117.Abettingcommissionofoffencebythepublicorbymorethantenpersons.Whoeverabetsthe
commissionofanoffencebythepublicgenerallyorbyanynumberorclassofpersonsexceedingten,
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothree
years,orwithfine,orwithboth.IllustrationAaffixesinapublicplaceaplacardinstigatingasect
consistingofmorethantenmemberstomeetatacertaintimeandplace,forthepurposeofattacking
themembersofanadversesect,whileengagedinaprocession.Ahascommittedtheoffencedefined
inthissection.CLASSIFICATIONOFOFFENCEPunishmentImprisonmentfor3years,orfine,or
bothAccordingasoffenceabettediscognizableornoncognizableAccordingasoffenceabettedis
bailableornonbailableTriablebycourtbywhichoffenceabettedistriableNoncompoundable.
118Concealingdesigntocommitoffencepunishablewithdeathorimprisonmentforlife.Whoever
intendingtofacilitateorknowingittobelikelythathewilltherebyfacilitatethecommissionofan
offencepunishablewithdeathor69[imprisonmentforlife]70[voluntarilyconcealsbyanyactor
omissionorbytheuseofencryptionoranyotherinformationhidingtool,theexistenceofadesign]
tocommitsuchoffenceormakesanyrepresentationwhichheknowstobefalserespectingsuch
design,Ifoffencebecommittedifoffencebenotcommitted.shall,ifthatoffencebecommitted,
bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,or,
iftheoffencebenotcommitted,withimprisonmentofeitherdescription,foratermwhichmay
extendtothreeyearsandineithercaseshallalsobeliabletofine.IllustrationA,knowingthat
dacoityisabouttobecommittedatB,falselyinformstheMagistratethatadacoityisabouttobe
committedatC,aplaceinanoppositedirection,andtherebymisleadstheMagistratewithintentto
facilitatethecommissionoftheoffence.ThedacoityiscommittedatBinpursuanceofthedesign.A
ispunishableunderthissection.
119Publicservantconcealingdesigntocommitoffencewhichitishisdutytoprevent.Whoever,
beingapublicservant,intendingtofacilitateorknowingittobelikelythathewilltherebyfacilitate
thecommissionofanoffencewhichitishisdutyassuchpublicservanttoprevent71[voluntarily
concealsbyanyactoromissionorbytheuseofencryptionoranyotherinformationhidingtool,the
existenceofadesign]tocommitsuchoffence,ormakesanyrepresentationwhichheknowstobe
falserespectingsuchdesignIfoffencebecommitted.shall,iftheoffencebecommitted,be
punishedwithimprisonmentofanydescriptionprovidedfortheoffence,foratermwhichmay
extendtoonehalfofthelongesttermofsuchimprisonment,orwithsuchfineasisprovidedforthat
offence,orwithbothIfoffencebepunishablewithdeath,etc.or,iftheoffencebepunishablewith
deathor72[imprisonmentforlife],withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
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extendtotenyearsIfoffencebenotcommitted.oriftheoffencebenotcommitted,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofanydescriptionprovidedfortheoffenceforatermwhichmay
extendtoonefourthpartofthelongesttermofsuchimprisonmentorwithsuchfineasisprovided
fortheoffence,orwithboth.IllustrationA,anofficerofpolice,beinglegallyboundtogive
informationofalldesignstocommitrobberywhichmaycometohisknowledge,andknowingthatB
designstocommitrobbery,omitstogivesuchinformation,withintenttofacilitatethecommissionof
thatoffence.HereAhasbyanillegalomissionconcealedtheexistenceofB'sdesign,andisliableto
punishmentaccordingtotheprovisionofthissection.
120.Concealingdesigntocommitoffencepunishablewithimprisonment.Whoever,intendingto
facilitateorknowingittobelikelythathewilltherebyfacilitatethecommissionofanoffence
punishablewithimprisonment,voluntarilyconceals,byanyactorillegalomission,theexistenceofa
designtocommitsuchoffence,ormakesanyrepresentationwhichheknowstobefalserespecting
suchdesign,Ifoffencebecommittedifoffencebenotcommitted.shall,iftheoffencebe
committed,bepunishedwithimprisonmentofthedescriptionprovidedfortheoffence,foraterm
whichmayextendtoonefourth,and,iftheoffencebenotcommitted,tooneeighth,ofthelongest
termofsuchimprisonment,orwithsuchfineasisprovidedfortheoffence,orwithboth.
[120A.Definitionofcriminalconspiracy.Whentwoormorepersonsagreetodo,orcausetobe
done,
(1)anillegalact,or
(2)anactwhichisnotillegalbyillegalmeans,suchanagreementisdesignatedacriminal
conspiracy:Providedthatnoagreementexceptanagreementtocommitanoffenceshallamount
toacriminalconspiracyunlesssomeactbesidestheagreementisdonebyoneormorepartiesto
suchagreementinpursuancethereof.Explanation.Itisimmaterialwhethertheillegalactisthe
ultimateobjectofsuchagreement,orismerelyincidentaltothatobject.]
1[120B.Punishmentofcriminalconspiracy.
(1)Whoeverisapartytoacriminalconspiracytocommitanoffencepunishablewithdeath,
2[imprisonmentforlife]orrigorousimprisonmentforatermoftwoyearsorupwards,shall,
wherenoexpressprovisionismadeinthisCodeforthepunishmentofsuchaconspiracy,be
punishedinthesamemannerasifhehadabettedsuchoffence.
(2)Whoeverisapartytoacriminalconspiracyotherthanacriminalconspiracytocommitan
offencepunishableasaforesaidshallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termnotexceedingsixmonths,orwithfineorwithboth.]
121.Waging,orattemptingtowagewar,orabettingwagingofwar,againsttheGovernmentofIndia.
Whoever,wageswaragainstthe75[GovernmentofIndia],orattemptstowagesuchwar,orabets
thewagingofsuchwar,shallbepunishedwithdeath,or76[imprisonmentforlife]77 [andshallalso
beliabletofine].78[Illustration]79[***]Ajoinsaninsurrectionagainstthe80[Governmentof
India].Ahascommittedtheoffencedefinedinthissection.81[***]
82[121A.Conspiracytocommitoffencespunishablebysection121.Whoeverwithinorwithout83

[India]conspirestocommitanyoftheoffencespunishablebysection121,84[***]orconspiresto
overawe,bymeansofcriminalforceortheshowofcriminalforce,85[theCentralGovernmentorany
86[State]Government87 [***],shallbepunishedwith88[imprisonmentforlife],orwith

imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionwhichmayextendtotenyears,89[andshallalsobeliableto
fine].Explanation.Toconstituteaconspiracyunderthissection,itisnotnecessarythatanyactor
illegalomissionshallmakeplaceinpursuancethereof.]
122.Collectingarms,etc.,withintentionofwagingwaragainsttheGovernmentofIndia.Whoever
collectsmen,armsorammunitionorotherwisepreparestowagewarwiththeintentionofeither
wagingorbeingpreparedtowagewaragainstthe90[GovernmentofIndia],shallbepunishedwith
91 [imprisonmentforlife]orimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermnotexceedingtenyears,
92[andshallalsobeliabletofine].

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123.Concealingwithintenttofacilitatedesigntowagewar.Whoeverbyanyact,orbyanyillegal
omission,concealstheexistenceofadesigntowagewaragainstthe[GovernmentofIndia],
intendingbysuchconcealmenttofacilitate,orknowingittobelikelythatsuchconcealmentwill
facilitate,thewagingofsuchwar,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
124.AssaultingPresident,Governor,etc.,withintenttocompelorrestraintheexerciseofanylawful
power.Whoever,withtheintentionofincludingorcompellingthe93[President]ofIndia,orthe94
[Governor95[***]]ofany96[State],97 [***]98[***]99[***]toexerciseorrefrainfromexercisingin
anymanneranyofthelawfulpowersofsuch100[President]or94[Governor95[***]],assaultor
wrongfullyrestrains,orattemptswrongfullytorestrain,oroverawes,bymeansofcriminalforceor
theshowofcriminalforce,orattemptssotooverawe,such100[Presidentor94[Governor95[***]],
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtoseven
years,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
101 [124A.Sedition.Whoever,bywords,eitherspokenorwritten,orbysigns,orbyvisible

representation,orotherwise,bringsorattemptstobringintohatredorcontempt,orexcitesor
attemptstoexcitedisaffectiontowards,102[***]theGovernmentestablishedbylawin103[India],
[***]shallbepunishedwith104[imprisonmentforlife],towhichfinemaybeadded,orwithimpris
onmentwhichmayextendtothreeyears,towhichfinemaybeadded,orwithfine.Explanation1.
Theexpressiondisaffectionincludesdisloyaltyandallfeelingsofenmity.Explanation2.
CommentsexpressingdisapprobationofthemeasuresoftheGovernmentwithaviewtoobtaintheir
alterationbylawfulmeans,withoutexcitingorattemptingtoexcitehatred,contemptordisaffection,
donotconstituteanoffenceunderthissection.Explanation3.Commentsexpressing
disapprobationoftheadministrativeorotheractionoftheGovernmentwithoutexcitingor
attemptingtoexcitehatred,contemptordisaffection,donotconstituteanoffenceunderthissection.]
125.WagingwaragainstanyAsiaticPowerinalliancewiththeGovernmentofIndia.Whoever
wageswaragainsttheGovernmentofanyAsiaticPowerinallianceoratpeacewiththe
1[GovernmentofIndia]orattemptstowagesuchwar,orabetsthewagingofsuchwar,shallbe
punishedwith2[imprisonmentforlife],towhichfinemaybeadded,orwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,towhichfinemaybeadded,orwithfine.
126.CommittingdepredationonterritoriesofPoweratpeacewiththeGovernmentofIndia.
Whoevercommitsdepredation,ormakespreparationtocommitdepredation,ontheterritoriesof
anyPowerinallianceoratpeacewiththe1[GovernmentofIndia],shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobe
liabletofineandtoforfeitureofanypropertyusedorintendedtobeusedincommittingsuch
depredation,oracquiredbysuchdepredation.
127.Receivingpropertytakenbywarondepredationmentionedinsections125and126.Whoever
receivesanypropertyknowingthesametohavebeentakeninthecommissionofanyoftheoffences
mentionedinsections125and126,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineandtoforfeitureoftheproperty
soreceived.
128.PublicservantvoluntarilyallowingprisonerofStateorwartoescape.Whoever,beingapublic
servantandhavingthecustodyofanyStateprisonerorprisonerofwar,voluntarilyallowssuch
prisonertoescapefromanyplaceinwhichsuchprisonerisconfined,shallbepunishedwith
1[imprisonmentforlife],orimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtoten
years,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
129.Publicservantnegligentlysufferingsuchprisonertoescape.Whoever,beingapublicservant
andhavingthecustodyofanyStateprisonerorprisonerofwar,negligentlysufferssuchprisonerto
escapefromanyplaceofconfinementinwhichsuchprisonerisconfined,shallbepunishedwith
simpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
130.Aidingescapeof,rescuingorharbouringsuchprisoner.Whoeverknowinglyaidsorassistsany
Stateprisonerorprisonerofwarinescapingfromlawfulcustody,orrescuesorattemptstorescue
anysuchprisoner,orharboursorconcealsanysuchprisonerwhohasescapedfromlawfulcustody,
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oroffersorattemptstoofferanyresistancetotherecaptureofsuchprisoner,shallbepunishedwith
1[imprisonmentforlife],orwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
tenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.Explanation.AStateprisonerorprisonerofwar,whois
permittedtobeatlargeonhisparolewithincertainlimitsin2[India],issaidtoescapefromlawful
custodyifhegoesbeyondthelimitswithinwhichheisallowedtobeatlarge.
131.Abettingmutiny,orattemptingtoseduceasoldier,sailororairmanfromhisduty.Whoever
abetsthecommittingofmutinybyanofficer,soldier,111[sailororairman],intheArmy,112[Navyor
AirForce]ofthe113[GovernmentofIndia]orattemptstoseduceanysuchofficer,soldier,114[sailor
orairman]fromhisallegianceorhisduty,shallbepunishedwith115[imprisonmentforlife],orwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliable
tofine.116[Explanation.Inthissectionthewordsofficer,117 [soldier,118[sailor]andairman]
includeanypersonsubjecttothe119[ArmyAct,120[theArmyAct,1950(46of1950,121[theNaval
DisciplineAct,122[***]the121[IndianNavy(Discipline)Act,1934(34of1934)]123[theAirForce
Actor124[theAirForceAct,1950(45of1950)],asthecasemaybe]].
132.Abetmentofmutiny,ifmutinyiscommittedinconsequencethereof.Whoeverabetsthe
committingofmutinybyanofficer,soldier,1[sailororairman]intheArmy,2[NavyorAirForce]of
the3[GovernmentofIndia],shall,ifmutinybecommittedinconsequenceofthatabetment,be
punishedwithdeathorwith4[imprisonmentforlife],orimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
133.Abetmentofassaultbysoldier,sailororairmanonhissuperiorofficer,wheninexecutionofhis
office.Whoeverabetsanassaultbyanofficer,soldier,1[sailororairman],intheArmy,2[Navyor
AirForce]ofthe3[GovernmentofIndia],onanysuperiorofficerbeingintheexecutionofhisoffice,
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothree
years,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
134.Abetmentofsuchassault,iftheassaultiscommitted.Whoeverabetsanassaultbyanofficer,
soldier,1[sailororairman],intheArmy,2[NavyorAirForce]ofthe3[GovernmentofIndia],onany
superiorofficerbeingintheexecutionofhisoffice,shall,ifsuchassaultbecommittedin
consequenceofthatabetmentbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhich
mayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
135.Abetmentofdesertionofsoldier,sailororairman.Whoeverabetsthedesertionofanyofficer,
soldier,1[sailororairman],intheArmy,2[NavyorAirForce]ofthe3[GovernmentofIndia],shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwith
fine,orwithboth.
136.Harbouringdeserter.Whoever,exceptashereinafterexpected,knowingorhavingreasonto
believethatanofficer,soldier,1[sailororairman],intheArmy,2[NavyorAirForce]ofthe
3[GovernmentofIndia],hasdeserted,harbourssuchofficer,soldier,1[sailororairman],shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwith
fine,orwithboth.
(Exception)Thisprovisiondoesnotextendtothecaseinwhichtheharbourisgivenbyawifeto
herhusband.
137.Deserterconcealedonboardmerchantvesselthroughnegligenceofmaster.Themasteror
personinchargeofamerchantvessel,onboardofwhichanydeserterfromtheArmy,1[NavyorAir
Force]ofthe2[GovernmentofIndia]isconcealed,shall,thoughignorantofsuchconcealment,be
liabletoapenaltynotexceedingfivehundredrupees,ifhemighthaveknownofsuchconcealment
butforsomeneglectofhisdutyassuchmasterorpersonincharge,orbutforsomewantof
disciplineonboardofthevessel.
138.Abetmentofactofinsubordinationbysoldier,sailororairman.Whoeverabetswhatheknows
tobeanactofinsubordinationbyanofficer,soldier,1[sailororairman],intheArmy,2[NavyorAir
Force]ofthe3[GovernmentofIndia],shall,ifsuchactofinsubordinationbecommittedin
consequenceofthatabetment,bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfine,orwithboth.
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138A.ApplicationofforegoingsectionstotheIndianMarineService.[Ins.byAct14of1887,sec.79
andRep.bytheAmendingAct,1934(35of1934),sec.2andSch.]
139.PersonssubjecttocertainActs.Nopersonsubjectto146[theArmyAct,147 [theArmyAct,1950
(46of1950),ortheNavalDisciplineAct,148[149[***]150[theIndianNavy(Discipline)Act,1934
(34of1934)],151[theAirForceAct152[theAirForceAct,1950(45of1950)]]],issubjectto
punishmentunderthisCodeforanyoftheoffencesdefinedinthisChapter.
140.Wearinggarborcarryingtokenusedbysoldier,sailororairman.Whoever,notbeingasoldier,
153[sailororairman],intheMilitary,154[NavalorAir]serviceofthe 155[GovernmentofIndia],

wearsanygarborcarriesanytokenresemblinganygarbortokenusedbysuchasoldier,153[sailor
orairman]withtheintentionthatitmaybebelievedthatheissuchasoldier,153[sailororairman],
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothree
months,orwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupees,orwithboth.
141.Unlawfulassembly.Anassemblyoffiveormorepersonsisdesignatedanunlawfulassembly,
ifthecommonobjectofthepersonscomposingthatassemblyis
(First)Tooverawebycriminalforce,orshowofcriminalforce,1[theCentraloranyState
GovernmentorParliamentortheLegislatureofanyState],oranypublicservantintheexerciseof
thelawfulpowerofsuchpublicservantor
(Second)Toresisttheexecutionofanylaw,orofanylegalprocessor
(Third)Tocommitanymischieforcriminaltrespass,orotheroffenceor
(Fourth)Bymeansofcriminalforce,orshowofcriminalforce,toanyperson,totakeorobtain
possessionofanyproperty,ortodepriveanypersonoftheenjoymentofarightofway,orofthe
useofwaterorotherincorporealrightofwhichheisinpossessionorenjoyment,ortoenforceany
rightorsupposedrightor
(Fifth)Bymeansofcriminalforce,orshowofcriminalforce,tocompelanypersontodowhat
heisnotlegallyboundtodo,ortoomittodowhatheislegallyentitledtodo.Explanation.An
assemblywhichwasnotunlawfulwhenitassembled,maysubsequentlybecomeanunlawful
assembly.
142.Beingmemberofunlawfulassembly.Whoever,beingawareoffactswhichrenderany
assemblyanunlawfulassembly,intentionallyjoinsthatassembly,orcontinuesinit,issaidtobea
memberofanunlawfulassembly.
143.Punishment.Whoeverisamemberofanunlawfulassembly,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfine,orwith
both.
144.Joiningunlawfulassemblyarmedwithdeadlyweapon.Whoever,beingarmedwithanydeadly
weapon,orwithanythingwhich,usedasaweaponofoffence,islikelytocausedeath,isamemberof
anunlawfulassembly,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhich
mayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
145.Joiningorcontinuinginunlawfulassembly,knowingithasbeencommandedtodisperse.
Whoeverjoinsorcontinuesinanunlawfulassembly,knowingthatsuchunlawfulassemblyhasbeen
commandedinthemannerprescribedbylawtodisperse,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
146.Rioting.Wheneverforceorviolenceisusedbyanunlawfulassembly,orbyanymember
thereof,inprosecutionofthecommonobjectofsuchassembly,everymemberofsuchassemblyis
guiltyoftheoffenceofrioting.
147.Punishmentforrioting.Whoeverisguiltyofrioting,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
148.Rioting,armedwithdeadlyweapon.Whoeverisguiltyofrioting,beingarmedwithadeadly
weaponorwithanythingwhich,usedasaweaponofoffence,islikelytocausedeath,shallbe
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punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,or
withfine,orwithboth.
149.Everymemberofunlawfulassemblyguiltyofoffencecommittedinprosecutionofcommon
object.Ifanoffenceiscommittedbyanymemberofanunlawfulassemblyinprosecutionofthe
commonobjectofthatassembly,orsuchasthemembersofthatassemblyknewtobelikelytobe
committedinprosecutionofthatobject,everypersonwho,atthetimeofthecommittingofthat
offence,isamemberofthesameassembly,isguiltyofthatoffence.
150.Hiring,orconnivingathiring,ofpersonstojoinunlawfulassembly.Whoeverhiresorengages
oremploys,orpromotes,orconnivesatthehiring,engagementoremploymentofanypersontojoin
orbecomeamemberofanyunlawfulassembly,shallbepunishableasamemberofsuchunlawful
assembly,andforanyoffencewhichmaybecommittedbyanysuchpersonasamemberofsuch
unlawfulassemblyinpursuanceofsuchhiring,engagementoremployment,inthesamemanneras
ifhehadbeenamemberofsuchunlawfulassembly,orhimselfhadcommittedsuchoffence.
151.Knowinglyjoiningorcontinuinginassemblyoffiveormorepersonsafterithasbeen
commandedtodisperse.Whoeverknowinglyjoinsorcontinuesinanyassemblyoffiveormore
personslikelytocauseadisturbanceofthepublicpeace,aftersuchassemblyhasbeenlawfully
commandedtodisperse,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhich
mayextendtosixmonths,orwithfine,orwithboth.Explanation.Iftheassemblyisanunlawful
assemblywithinthemeaningofsection141,theoffenderwillbepunishableundersection145.
152.Assaultingorobstructingpublicservantwhensuppressingriot,etc.Whoeverassaultsor
threatenstoassault,orobstructsorattemptstoobstruct,anypublicservantinthedischargeofhis
dutyassuchpublicservant,inendeavouringtodisperseanunlawfulassembly,ortosuppressariot
oraffray,oruses,orthreatens,orattemptstousecriminalforcetosuchpublicservant,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,or
withfine,orwithboth.
153.Wantonlygivingprovocationwithintenttocauseriotifriotingbecommittedifnot
committed.Whoevermalignantly,orwantonly,bydoinganythingwhichisillegal,givesprovocation
toanypersonintendingorknowingittobelikelythatsuchprovocationwillcausetheoffenceof
riotingtobecommitted,shall,iftheoffenceofriotingbecommittedinconsequenceofsuch
provocation,bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
oneyear,orwithfine,orwithbothandiftheoffenceofriotingbenotcommitted,with
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfine,orwith
both.
157 [153A.Promotingenmitybetweendifferentgroupsongroundsofreligion,race,placeofbirth,

residence,language,etc.,anddoingactsprejudicialtomaintenanceofharmony.
(1)Whoever
(a)bywords,eitherspokenorwritten,orbysignsorbyvisiblerepresentationsorotherwise,
promotesorattemptstopromote,ongroundsofreligion,race,placeofbirth,residence,
language,casteorcommunityoranyothergroundwhatsoever,disharmonyorfeelingsof
enmity,hatredorillwillbetweendifferentreligious,racial,languageorregionalgroupsor
castesorcommunities,or
(b)commitsanyactwhichisprejudicialtothemaintenanceofharmonybetweendifferent
religious,racial,languageorregionalgroupsorcastesorcommunities,andwhichdisturbsor
islikelytodisturbthepublictranquillity,2[or]2[(c)organizesanyexercise,movement,drill
orothersimilaractivityintendingthattheparticipantsinsuchactivityshalluseorbetrained
tousecriminalforceorviolenceorknowingittobelikelythattheparticipantsinsuchactivity
willuseorbetrainedtousecriminalforceorviolence,orparticipatesinsuchactivity
intendingtouseorbetrainedtousecriminalforceorviolenceorknowingittobelikelythat
theparticipantsinsuchactivitywilluseorbetrainedtousecriminalforceorviolence,against
anyreligious,racial,languageorregionalgrouporcasteorcommunityandsuchactivityfor
anyreasonwhatsoevercausesorislikelytocausefearoralarmorafeelingofinsecurity
amongstmembersofsuchreligious,racial,languageorregionalgrouporcasteor
community,]shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentwhichmayextendtothreeyears,orwith
fine,orwithboth.Offencecommittedinplaceofworship,etc.(2)Whoevercommitsan
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offencespecifiedinsubsection(1)inanyplaceofworshiporinanyassemblyengagedinthe
performanceofreligiousworshiporreligiousceremonies,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentwhichmayextendtofiveyearsandshallalsobeliabletofine.]
159[153AA.Punishmentforknowinglycarryingarmsinanyprocessionororganising,orholdingor

takingpartinanymassdrillormasstrainingwitharms.Whoeverknowinglycarriesarmsinany
processionororganizesorholdsortakespartinanymassdrillormasstrainingwitharmsinany
publicplaceincontraventionofanypublicnoticeororderissuedormadeundersection144Aofthe
CodeofCriminalProcedure,1973shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextend
tosixmonthsandwithfinewhichmayextendtotwothousandrupees.Explanation.Armsmeans
articlesofanydescriptiondesignedoradaptedasweaponsforoffenceordefenceandincludesfire
arms,sharpedgedweapons,lathis,dandasandsticks.]
160[153B.Imputations,assertionsprejudicialtonationalintegration.

(1)Whoever,bywordseitherspokenorwrittenorbysignsorbyvisiblerepresentationsor
otherwise,
(a)makesorpublishesanyimputationthatanyclassofpersonscannot,byreasonoftheir
beingmembersofanyreligious,racial,languageorregionalgrouporcasteorcommunity,
beartruefaithandallegiancetotheConstitutionofIndiaasbylawestablishedorupholdthe
sovereigntyandintegrityofIndia,or
(b)asserts,counsels,advises,propagatesorpublishesthatanyclassofpersonsshall,by
reasonoftheirbeingmembersofanyreligious,racial,languageorregionalgrouporcasteor
community,bedeniedordeprivedoftheirrightsascitizensofIndia,or
(c)makesorpublishesanyassertion,counsel,pleaorappealconcerningtheobligationofany
classofpersons,byreasonoftheirbeingmembersofanyreligious,racial,languageorregion
algrouporcasteorcommunity,andsuchassertion,counsel,pleaorappealcausesorislikely
tocausedisharmonyorfeelingsofenmityorhatredorillwillbetweensuchmembersand
otherpersons,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentwhichmayextendtothreeyears,orwith
fine,orwithboth.
(2)Whoevercommitsanoffencespecifiedinsubsection(1),inanyplaceofworshiporinany
assemblyengagedintheperformanceofreligiousworshiporreligiousceremonies,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentwhichmayextendtofiveyearsandshallalsobeliabletofine.]
154.Owneroroccupieroflandonwhichanunlawfulassemblyisheld.Wheneveranyunlawful
assemblyorriottakesplace,theowneroroccupierofthelanduponwhichsuchunlawfulassemblyis
held,orsuchriotiscommitted,andanypersonhavingorclaiminganinterestinsuchland,shallbe
punishablewithfinenotexceedingonethousandrupees,ifheorhisagentormanager,knowingthat
suchoffenceisbeingorhasbeencommitted,orhavingreasontobelieveitislikelytobecommitted,
donotgivetheearliestnoticethereofinhisortheirpowertotheprincipalofficeratthenearest
policestation,anddonot,inthecaseofhisortheirhavingreasontobelievethatitwasabouttobe
committed,usealllawfulmeansinhisortheirpowertopreventit,and,intheeventofitstaking
place,donotusealllawfulmeansinhisortheirpowertodisperseorsuppresstheriotorunlawful
assembly.
155.Liabilityofpersonforwhosebenefitriotiscommitted.Wheneverariotiscommittedforthe
benefitoronbehalfofanypersonwhoistheowneroroccupierofanyland,respectingwhichsuch
riottakesplaceorwhoclaimsanyinterestinsuchland,orinthesubjectofanydisputewhichgave
risetotheriot,orwhohasacceptedorderivedanybenefittherefrom,suchpersonshallbe
punishablewithfine,ifheorhisagentormanager,havingreasontobelievethatsuchriotwaslikely
tobecommittedorthattheunlawfulassemblybywhichsuchriotwascommittedwaslikelytobe
held,shallnotrespectivelyusealllawfulmeansinhisortheirpowertopreventsuchassemblyorriot
fromtakingplace,andforsuppressinganddispersingthesame.
156.Liabilityofagentofowneroroccupierforwhosebenefitriotiscommitted.Wheneverariotis
committedforthebenefitoronbehalfofanypersonwhoistheowneroroccupierofanyland
respectingwhichsuchriottakesplace,orwhoclaimsanyinterestinsuchland,orinthesubjectof
anydisputewhichgaverisetotheriot,orwhohasacceptedorderivedanybenefittherefrom,the
agentormanagerofsuchpersonshallbepunishablewithfine,ifsuchagentormanager,having
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reasontobelievethatsuchriotwaslikelytobecommitted,orthattheunlawfulassemblybywhich
suchriotwascommittedwaslikelytobeheld,shallnotusealllawfulmeansinhispowertoprevent
suchriotorassemblyfromtakingplaceandforsuppressinganddispersingthesame.
157.Harbouringpersonshiredforanunlawfulassembly.Whoeverharbours,receivesorassembles,
inanyhouseorpremisesinhisoccupationorcharge,orunderhiscontrolanypersons,knowingthat
suchpersonshavebeenhired,engagedoremployed,orareabouttobehired,engagedoremployed,
tojoinorbecomemembersofanunlawfulassembly,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfine,orwithboth.
158.Beinghiredtotakepartinanunlawfulassemblyorriot.Whoeverisengaged,orhired,oroffers
orattemptstobehiredorengaged,todoorassistindoinganyoftheactsspecifiedinsection141,
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosix
months,orwithfine,orwithboth,ortogoarmed.andwhoever,beingsoengagedorhiredas
aforesaid,goesarmed,orengagesorofferstogoarmed,withanydeadlyweaponorwithanything
whichusedasaweaponofoffenceislikelytocausedeath,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
159.Affray.Whentwoormorepersons,byfightinginapublicplace,disturbthepublicpeace,they
aresaidtocommitanaffray.
160.Punishmentforcommittingaffray.Whoevercommitsanaffray,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtoonemonth,orwithfinewhich
mayextendtoonehundredrupees,orwithboth.
161.[Rep.bythePreventionofCorruptionAct,1988(49of1988),sec.31.]
162.[Rep.bythePreventionofCorruptionAct,1988(49of1988),sec.31.]
163.[Rep.bythePreventionofCorruptionAct,1988(49of1988),sec.31.]
164.[Rep.bythePreventionofCorruptionAct,1988(49of1988),sec.31.]
165.[Rep.bythePreventionofCorruptionAct,1988(49of1988),sec.31.]
165A.[Rep.bythePreventionofCorruptionAct,1988(49of1988),sec.31.]
166.Publicservantdisobeyinglaw,withintenttocauseinjurytoanyperson.Whoever,beinga
publicservant,knowinglydisobeysanydirectionofthelawastothewayinwhichheistoconduct
himselfassuchpublicservant,intendingtocause,orknowingittobelikelythathewill,bysuch
disobedience,causeinjurytoanyperson,shallbepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforaterm
whichmayextendtooneyear,orwithfine,orwithboth.IllustrationA,beinganofficerdirectedby
lawtotakepropertyinexecution,inordertosatisfyadecreepronouncedinZsfavourbyaCourtof
Justice,knowinglydisobeysthatdirectionoflaw,withtheknowledgethatheislikelytherebyto
causeinjurytoZ.Ahascommittedtheoffencedefinedinthissection.
167.Publicservantframinganincorrectdocumentwithintenttocauseinjury.Whoever,beinga
publicservant,andbeing,as1[suchpublicservant,chargedwiththepreparationortranslationofany
documentorelectronicrecord,frames,preparesortranslatesthatdocumentorelectronicrecord]ina
mannerwhichheknowsorbelievestobeincorrect,intendingtherebytocauseorknowingittobe
likelythathemaytherebycauseinjurytoanyperson,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
168.Publicservantunlawfullyengagingintrade.Whoever,beingapublicservant,andbeinglegally
boundassuchpublicservantnottoengageintrade,engagesintrade,shallbepunishedwithsimple
imprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtooneyear,orwithfine,orwithboth.
169.Publicservantunlawfullybuyingorbiddingforproperty.Whoever,beingapublicservant,and
beinglegallyboundassuchpublicservant,nottopurchaseorbidforcertainproperty,purchasesor
bidsforthatproperty,eitherinhisownnameorinthenameofanother,orjointly,orinshareswith
others,shallbepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,or
withfine,orwithbothandtheproperty,ifpurchased,shallbeconfiscated.
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170.Personatingapublicservant.Whoeverpretendstoholdanyparticularofficeasapublic
servant,knowingthathedoesnotholdsuchofficeorfalselypersonatesanyotherpersonholding
suchoffice,andinsuchassumedcharacterdoesorattemptstodoanyactundercolourofsuchoffice,
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,
orwithfine,orwithboth.
171.Wearinggarborcarryingtokenusedbypublicservantwithfraudulentintent.Whoever,not
belongingtoacertainclassofpublicservants,wearsanygarborcarriesanytokenresemblingany
garbortokenusedbythatclassofpublicservants,withtheintentionthatitmaybebelieved,orwith
theknowledgethatitislikelytobebelieved,thathebelongstothatclassofpublicservants,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreemonths,or
withfinewhichmayextendtotwohundredrupees,orwithboth.
162[171A.Candidate,Electoralrightdefined.ForthepurposesofthisChapter
163[(a)candidatemeansapersonwhohasbeennominatedasacandidateatanelection]

(b)electoralrightmeanstherightofapersontostand,ornottostandas,ortowithdrawfrom
being,acandidateortovoteorrefrainfromvotingatanyelection.]
164[171B.Bribery.

(1)Whoever
(i)givesagratificationtoanypersonwiththeobjectofinducinghimoranyotherpersonto
exerciseanyelectoralrightorofrewardinganypersonforhavingexercisedanysuchrightor
(ii)acceptseitherforhimselforforanyotherpersonanygratificationasarewardfor
exercisinganysuchrightorforinducingorattemptingtoinduceanyotherpersontoexercise
anysuchrightcommitstheoffenceofbribery:Providedthatadeclarationofpublicpolicyor
apromiseofpublicactionshallnotbeanoffenceunderthissection.
(2)Apersonwhooffers,oragreestogive,oroffersorattemptstoprocure,agratificationshallbe
deemedtogiveagratification.
(3)Apersonwhoobtainsoragreestoacceptorattemptstoobtainagratificationshallbedeemed
toacceptagratification,andapersonwhoacceptsagratificationasamotivefordoingwhathe
doesnotintendtodo,orasarewardfordoingwhathehasnotdone,shallbedeemedtohave
acceptedthegratificationasareward.]
165[171C.Undueinfluenceatelections.

(1)Whoevervoluntarilyinterferesorattemptstointerferewiththefreeexerciseofanyelectoral
rightcommitstheoffenceofundueinfluenceatanelection.
(2)Withoutprejudicetothegeneralityoftheprovisionsofsubsection(1),whoever
(a)threatensanycandidateorvoter,oranypersoninwhomacandidateorvoterisinterested,
withinjuryofanykind,or
(b)inducesorattemptstoinduceacandidateorvotertobelievethatheoranypersonin
whomheisinterestedwillbecomeorwillberenderedanobjectofDivinedispleasureorof
spiritualcensure,shallbedeemedtointerferewiththefreeexerciseoftheelectoralrightof
suchcandidateorvoter,withinthemeaningofsubsection(1).
(3)Adeclarationofpublicpolicyorapromiseofpublicaction,orthemereexerciseofalegalright
withoutintenttointerferewithanelectoralright,shallnotbedeemedtobeinterferencewithin
themeaningofthissection.]
166[171D.Personationatelections.Whoeveratanelectionappliesforavotingpaperorvotesinthe

nameofanyotherperson,whetherlivingordead,orinafictitiousname,orwhohavingvotedonce
atsuchelectionappliesatthesameelectionforavotingpaperinhisownname,andwhoeverabets,
procuresorattemptstoprocurethevotingbyanypersoninanysuchway,commitstheoffenceor
personationatanelection:167 [Providedthatnothinginthissectionshallapplytoapersonwhohas
beenauthorisedtovoteasproxyforanelectorunderanylawforthetimebeinginforceinsofaras
hevotesasaproxyforsuchelector.]]
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168[171E.Punishmentforbribery.Whoevercommitstheoffenceofbriberyshallbepunishedwith

imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtooneyear,orwithfine,orwith
both:Providedthatbriberybytreatingshallbepunishedwithfineonly.Explanation.Treating
meansthatformofbriberywherethegratificationconsistsinfood,drink,entertainment,orprovi
sion.]
169[171F.Punishmentforundueinfluenceorpersonationatanelection.Whoevercommitsthe

offenceofundueinfluenceorpersonationatanelectionshallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtooneyearorwithfine,orwithboth.]
170[171G.Falsestatementinconnectionwithanelection.Whoeverwithintenttoaffecttheresultof

anelectionmakesorpublishesanystatementpurportingtobeastatementoffactwhichisfalseand
whichheeitherknowsorbelievestobefalseordoesnotbelievetobetrue,inrelationtothepersonal
characterorconductofanycandidateshallbepunishedwithfine.]
171 [171H.Illegalpaymentsinconnectionwithanelection.Whoeverwithoutthegeneralorspecial

authorityinwritingofacandidateincursorauthorisesexpensesonaccountoftheholdingofany
publicmeeting,oruponanyadvertisement,circularorpublication,orinanyotherwaywhatsoever
forthepurposeofpromotingorprocuringtheelectionofsuchcandidate,shallbepunishedwithfine
whichmayextendtofivehundredrupees:Providedthatifanypersonhavingincurredanysuch
expensesnotexceedingtheamountoftenrupeeswithoutauthorityobtainswithintendaysfromthe
dateonwhichsuchexpenseswereincurredtheapprovalinwritingofthecandidate,heshallbe
deemedtohaveincurredsuchexpenseswiththeauthorityofthecandidate.]
172[171I.Failuretokeepelectionaccounts.Whoeverbeingrequiredbyanylawforthetimebeing

inforceoranyrulehavingtheforceoflawtokeepaccountsofexpensesincurredatorinconnection
withanelectionfailstokeepsuchaccountsshallbepunishedwithfinewhichmayextendtofive
hundredrupees.]
173.Preventingserviceofsummonsorotherproceeding,orpreventingpublicationthereof.
Whoeverinanymannerintentionallypreventstheservingonhimself,oronanyotherperson,ofany
summons,noticeororderproceedingfromanypublicservantlegallycompetent,assuchpublic
servant,toissuesuchsummons,noticeororder,orintentionallypreventsthelawfulaffixingtoany
placeofanysuchsummons,noticeororder,orintentionallyremovesanysuchsummons,noticeor
orderfromanyplacetowhichitislawfullyaffixed,orintentionallypreventsthelawfulmakingofany
proclamation,undertheauthorityofanypublicservantlegallycompetent,assuchpublicservant,to
directsuchproclamationtobemade,shallbepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhich
mayextendtoonemonth,orwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupees,orwithbothor,if
thesummons,notice,orderorproclamationistoattendinpersonorbyagent,or1[toproducea
documentorelectronicrecordinaCourtofJustice],withsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmay
extendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
174.Nonattendanceinobediencetoanorderfrompublicservant.Whoever,beinglegallyboundto
attendinpersonorbyanagentatacertainplaceandtimeinobediencetoasummons,notice,order
orproclamationproceedingfromanypublicservantlegallycompetent,assuchpublicservant,to
issuethesame,intentionallyomitstoattendatthatplaceortime,ordepartsfromtheplacewherehe
isboundtoattendbeforethetimeatwhichitislawfulforhimtodepart,shallbepunishedwith
simpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtoonemonth,orwithfinewhichmayextendto
fivehundredrupees,orwithboth,or,ifthesummons,notice,orderorproclamationistoattendin
personorbyagentinaCourtofJustice,withsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendto
sixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.Illustrations
(a)A,beinglegallyboundtoappearbeforethe1[HighCourt]atCalcutta,inobediencetoa
subpoenaissuingfromthatCourt,intentionallyomitstoappear.Ahascommittedtheoffencede
finedinthissection.
(b)A,beinglegallyboundtoappearbeforea176[DistrictJudge],asawitness,inobediencetoa
summonsissuedbythat2[DistrictJudge]intentionallyomitstoappear.Ahascommittedthe
offencedefinedinthissection.

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1[174A.Nonappearanceinresponsetoaproclamationundersection82ofAct2of1974.Whoever
failstoappearatthespecifiedplaceandthespecifiedtimeasrequiredbyaproclamationpublished
undersubsection
(1)ofsection82oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,1973shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentfor
atermwhichmayextendtothreeyearsorwithfineorwithboth,andwhereadeclarationhas
beenmadeundersubsection(4)ofthatsectionpronouncinghimasaproclaimedoffender,he
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyearsandshallalso
beliabletofine.]
175.Omissiontoproduce1[documentorelectronicrecord]topublicservantbypersonlegallybound
toproduceit.Whoever,beinglegallyboundtoproduceordeliverupany1[documentorelectronic
record]ofanypublicservant,assuch,intentionallyomitssotoproduceordeliverupthesame,shall
bepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtoonemonth,orwithfine
whichmayextendtofivehundredrupees,orwithboth,or,ifthe1[documentorelectronicrecord]is
tobeproducedordelivereduptoaCourtofJustice,withsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmay
extendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
IllustrationA,beinglegallyboundtoproduceadocumentbeforea[DistrictCourt],intentionally
omitstoproducethesame.Ahascommittedtheoffencedefinedinthissection.
176.Omissiontogivenoticeorinformationtopublicservantbypersonlegallyboundtogiveit.
Whoever,beinglegallyboundtogiveanynoticeortofurnishinformationonanysubjecttoany
publicservant,assuch,intentionallyomitstogivesuchnoticeortofurnishsuchinformationinthe
mannerandatthetimerequiredbylaw,shallbepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforaterm
whichmayextendtoonemonth,orwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupees,orwithboth
or,ifthenoticeorinformationrequiredtobegivenrespectsthecommissionofanoffence,oris
requiredforthepurposeofpreventingthecommissionofanoffence,orinordertotheapprehension
ofanoffender,withsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfine
whichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth179[or,ifthenoticeorinformationrequired
tobegivenisrequiredbyanorderpassedundersubsection
(1)ofsection565oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,1898(5of1898)withimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoone
thousandrupees,orwithboth.]
177.Furnishingfalseinformation.Whoever,beinglegallyboundtofurnishinformationonany
subjecttoanypublicservant,assuch,furnishes,astrue,informationonthesubjectwhichheknows
orhasreasontobelievetobefalse,shallbepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhich
mayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithbothor,if
theinformationwhichheislegallyboundtogiverespectsthecommissionofanoffence,oris
requiredforthepurposeofpreventingthecommissionofanoffence,orinordertotheapprehension
ofanoffender,withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,or
withfine,orwithboth.Illustrations
(a)A,alandholder,knowingofthecommissionofamurderwithinthelimitsofhisestate,wilfully
misinformstheMagistrateofthedistrictthatthedeathhasoccurredbyaccidentinconsequence
ofthebiteofasnake.Aisguiltyoftheoffencedefinedinthissection.
(b)A,avillagewatchman,knowingthataconsiderablebodyofstrangershaspassedthroughhis
villageinordertocommitadacoityinthehouseofZ,awealthymerchantresidingina
neighbouringplace,andbeingboundunderclause,5,sectionVII,1[RegulationIII,1821],ofthe
BengalCode,togiveearlyandpunctualinformationoftheabovefacttotheofficerofthenearest
policestation,wilfullymisinformsthepoliceofficerthatabodyofsuspiciouscharacterspassed
throughthevillagewithaviewtocommitdacoityinacertaindistantplaceinadifferentdirection.
HereAisguiltyoftheoffencedefinedinthelaterpartofthissection.2[Explanation.Insection
176andinthissectionthewordoffenceincludesanyactcommittedatanyplaceoutof3[India],
which,ifcommittedin3[India],wouldbepunishableunderanyofthefollowingsections,namely,
302,304,382,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,402,435,436,449,450,457,458,459
and460andthewordoffenderincludesanypersonwhoisallegedtohavebeenguiltyofany
suchact.]
178.Refusingoathoraffirmationwhendulyrequiredbypublicservanttomakeit.Whoeverrefuses
tobindhimselfbyanoath1[oraffirmation]tostatethetruth,whenrequiredsotobindhimselfbya
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publicservantlegallycompetenttorequirethatheshallsobindhimself,shallbepunishedwith
simpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendto
onethousandrupees,orwithboth.
179.Refusingtoanswerpublicservantauthorisedtoquestion.Whoever,beinglegallyboundto
statethetruthonanysubjecttoanypublicservant,refusestoansweranyquestiondemandedofhim
touchingthatsubjectbysuchpublicservantintheexerciseofthelegalpowersofsuchpublic
servant,shallbepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,or
withfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
180.Refusingtosignstatement.Whoeverrefusestosignanystatementmadebyhim,when
requiredtosignthatstatementbyapublicservantlegallycompetenttorequirethatheshallsignthat
statement,shallbepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtothree
months,orwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupees,orwithboth.
181.Falsestatementonoathoraffirmationtopublicservantorpersonauthorisedtoadministeran
oathoraffirmation.Whoever,beinglegallyboundbyanoath1[oraffirmation]tostatethetruthon
anysubjecttoanypublicservantorotherpersonauthorizedbylawtoadministersuchoath2[or
affirmation],makes,tosuchpublicservantorotherpersonasaforesaid,touchingthesubject,any
statementwhichisfalse,andwhichheeitherknowsorbelievestobefalseordoesnotbelievetobe
true,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothree
years,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
186[182.Falseinformation,withintenttocausepublicservanttousehislawfulpowertotheinjury

ofanotherperson.Whoevergivestoanypublicservantanyinformationwhichheknowsorbelieves
tobefalse,intendingtherebytocause,orknowingittobelikelythathewilltherebycause,such
publicservant
(a)todooromitanythingwhichsuchpublicservantoughtnottodooromitifthetruestateof
factsrespectingwhichsuchinformationisgivenwereknownbyhim,or
(b)tousethelawfulpowerofsuchpublicservanttotheinjuryorannoyanceofanyperson,shall
bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,
orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.Illustrations
(a)AinformsaMagistratethatZ,apoliceofficer,subordinatetosuchMagistrate,hasbeenguilty
ofneglectofdutyormisconduct,knowingsuchinformationtobefalse,andknowingittobelikely
thattheinformationwillcausetheMagistratetodismissZ.Ahascommittedtheoffencedefined
inthissection.
(b)AfalselyinformsapublicservantthatZhascontrabandsaltinasecretplaceknowingsuch
informationtobefalse,andknowingthatitislikelythattheconsequenceoftheinformationwill
beasearchofZspremises,attendedwithannoyancetoZ.Ahascommittedtheoffencedefinedin
thissection.
(c)Afalselyinformsapolicemanthathehasbeenassaultedandrobbedintheneighbourhoodofa
particularvillage.Hedoesnotmentionthenameofanypersonasoneofhisassistants,butknows
ittobelikelythatinconsequenceofthisinformationthepolicewillmakeenquiriesandinstitute
searchesinthevillagetotheannoyanceofthevillagesorsomeofthem.Ahascommittedan
offenceunderthissection.]
183.Resistancetothetakingofpropertybythelawfulauthorityofapublicservant.Whoeveroffers
anyresistancetothetakingofanypropertybythelawfulauthorityofanypublicservant,knowingor
havingreasontobelievethatheissuchpublicservant,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoone
thousandrupees,orwithboth.
184.Obstructingsaleofpropertyofferedforsalebyauthorityofpublicservant.Whoever
intentionallyobstructsanysaleofpropertyofferedforsalebythelawfulauthorityofanypublic
servant,assuch,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtoonemonth,orwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupees,orwithboth.
185.Illegalpurchaseorbidforpropertyofferedforsalebyauthorityofpublicservant.Whoever,at
anysaleofpropertyheldbythelawfulauthorityofapublicservant,assuch,purchasesorbidsfor
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anypropertyonaccountofanyperson,whetherhimselforanyother,whomheknowstobeundera
legalincapacitytopurchasethatpropertyatthatsale,orbidsforsuchpropertynotintendingto
performtheobligationsunderwhichhelayshimselfbysuchbidding,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtoonemonth,orwithfinewhich
mayextendtotwohundredrupees,orwithboth.
186.Obstructingpublicservantindischargeofpublicfunctions.Whoevervoluntarilyobstructsany
publicservantinthedischargeofhispublicfunctions,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreemonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtofive
hundredrupees,orwithboth.
187.Omissiontoassistpublicservantwhenboundbylawtogiveassistance.Whoever,beingbound
bylawtorenderorfurnishassistancetoanypublicservantintheexecutionofhispublicduty,
intentionallyomitstogivesuchassistance,shallbepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforaterm
whichmayextendtoonemonth,orwithfinewhichmayextendtotwohundredrupees,orwithboth
andifsuchassistancebedemandedofhimbyapublicservantlegallycompetenttomakesuch
demandforthepurposesofexecutinganyprocesslawfullyissuedbyaCourtofJustice,orofpre
ventingthecommissionofanoffence,orofsuppressingariot,oraffray,orofapprehendingaperson
chargedwithorguiltyofanoffence,orofhavingescapedfromlawfulcustody,shallbepunishedwith
simpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendto
fivehundredrupees,orwithboth.
188.Disobediencetoorderdulypromulgatedbypublicservant.Whoever,knowingthat,byanorder
promulgatedbyapublicservantlawfullyempoweredtopromulgatesuchorder,heisdirectedto
abstainfromacertainact,ortotakecertainorderwithcertainpropertyinhispossessionorunder
hismanagement,disobeyssuchdirection,shall,ifsuchdisobediencecausesortendstocause
obstruction,annoyanceorinjury,orriskofobstruction,annoyanceorinjury,toanypersonlawfully
employed,bepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtoonemonthor
withfinewhichmayextendtotwohundredrupees,orwithbothandifsuchdisobediencecausesor
trendstocausedangertohumanlife,healthorsafety,orcausesortendstocauseariotoraffray,shall
bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,or
withfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.Explanation.Itisnotnecessary
thattheoffendershouldintendtoproduceharm,orcontemplatehisdisobedienceaslikelyto
produceharm.Itissufficientthatheknowsoftheorderwhichhedisobeys,andthathis
disobedienceproduces,orislikelytoproduce,harm.IllustrationAnorderispromulgatedbyapublic
servantlawfullyempoweredtopromulgatesuchorder,directingthatareligiousprocessionshallnot
passdownacertainstreet.Aknowinglydisobeystheorder,andtherebycausesdangerofriot.Ahas
committedtheoffencedefinedinthissection.
189.Threatofinjurytopublicservant.Whoeverholdsoutanythreatofinjurytoanypublicservant,
ortoanypersoninwhomhebelievesthatpublicservanttobeinterested,forthepurposeofinducing
thatpublicservanttodoanyact,ortoforbearordelaytodoanyact,connectedwiththeexerciseof
thepublicfunctionsofsuchpublicservant,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
190.Threatofinjurytoinducepersontorefrainfromapplyingforprotectiontopublicservant.
Whoeverholdsoutanythreatofinjurytoanypersonforthepurposeofinducingthatpersonto
refrainordesistfrommakingalegalapplicationforprotectionagainstanyinjurytoanypublic
servantlegallyempoweredassuchtogivesuchprotection,ortocausesuchprotectiontobegiven,
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtooneyear,
orwithfine,orwithboth.
191.Givingfalseevidence.Whoever,beinglegallyboundbyanoathorbyanexpressprovisionof
lawtostatethetruth,orbeingboundbylawtomakeadeclarationuponanysubject,makesany
statementwhichisfalse,andwhichheeitherknowsorbelievestobefalseordoesnotbelievetobe
true,issaidtogivefalseevidence.Explanation1.Astatementiswithinthemeaningofthissection,
whetheritismadeverballyorotherwise.Explanation2.Afalsestatementastothebeliefofthe
personattestingiswithinthemeaningofthissection,andapersonmaybeguiltyofgivingfalse
evidencebystatingthathebelievesathingwhichhedoesnotbelieve,aswellasbystatingthathe
knowsathingwhichhedoesnotknow.Illustrations

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(a)A,insupportofajustclaimwhichBhasagainstZforonethousandrupees,falselyswearsona
trialthatheheardZadmitthejusticeofBsclaim.Ahasgivenfalseevidence.
(b)A,beingboundbyanoathtostatethetruth,statesthathebelievesacertainsignaturetobe
thehandwritingofZ,whenhedoesnotbelieveittobethehandwritingofZ.HereAstatesthat
whichheknowstobefalse,andthereforegivesfalseevidence.
(c)A,knowingthegeneralcharacterofZshandwriting,statesthathebelievesacertainsignature
tobethehandwritingofZAingoodfaithbelievingittobeso.HereAsstatementismerelyasto
hisbelief,andistrueastohisbelief,andtherefore,althoughthesignaturemaynotbethe
handwritingofZ,Ahasnotgivenfalseevidence.
(d)A,beingboundbyanoathtostatethetruth,statesthatheknowsthatZwasataparticular
placeonaparticularday,notknowinganythinguponthesubject.AgivesfalseevidencewhetherZ
wasatthatplaceonthedaynamedornot.
(e)A,aninterpreterortranslator,givesorcertifiesasatrueinterpretationortranslationofa
statementordocumentwhichheisboundbyoathtointerpretortranslatetruly,thatwhichisnot
andwhichhedoesnotbelievetobeatrueinterpretationortranslation.Ahasgivenfalse
evidence.
192.Fabricatingfalseevidence.Whoevercausesanycircumstancetoexistor1[makesanyfalse
entryinanybookorrecord,orelectronicrecordormakesanydocumentorelectronicrecord
containingafalsestatement],intendingthatsuchcircumstance,falseentryorfalsestatementmay
appearinevidenceinajudicialproceeding,orinaproceedingtakenbylawbeforeapublicservant
assuch,orbeforeanarbitrator,andthatsuchcircumstance,falseentryorfalsestatement,soap
pearinginevidence,maycauseanypersonwhoinsuchproceedingistoformanopinionuponthe
evidence,toentertainanerroneousopiniontouchinganypointmaterialtotheresultofsuch
proceeding,issaidtofabricatefalseevidence.Illustrations
(a)A,putsjewelsintoaboxbelongingtoZ,withtheintentionthattheymaybefoundinthatbox,
andthatthiscircumstancemaycauseZtobeconvictedoftheft.Ahasfabricatedfalseevidence.
(b)Amakesafalseentryinhisshopbookforthepurposeofusingitascorroborativeevidencein
aCourtofJustice.Ahasfabricatedfalseevidence.
(c)A,withtheintentionofcausingZtobeconvictedofacriminalconspiracy,writesaletterin
imitationofZshandwriting,purportingtobeaddressedtoanaccompliceinsuchcriminal
conspiracy,andputstheletterinaplacewhichheknowsthattheofficersofthePolicearelikelyto
search.Ahasfabricatedfalseevidence.
193.Punishmentforfalseevidence.Whoeverintentionallygivesfalseevidenceinanystageofa
judicialproceeding,orfabricatesfalseevidenceforthepurposeofbeingusedinanystageofa
judicialproceeding,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine,andwhoeverintentionallygivesorfabricates
falseevidenceinanyothercase,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.Explanation1.Atrialbeforea
Courtmartial1[***]isajudicialproceeding.Explanation2.Aninvestigationdirectedbylaw
preliminarytoaproceedingbeforeaCourtofJustice,isastageofajudicialproceeding,thoughthat
investigationmaynottakeplacebeforeaCourtofJustice.IllustrationA,inanenquirybeforea
MagistrateforthepurposeofascertainingwhetherZoughttobecommittedfortrial,makesonoatha
statementwhichheknowstobefalse.Asthisenquiryisastageofajudicialproceeding,Ahasgiven
falseevidence.Explanation3.AninvestigationdirectedbyaCourtofJusticeaccordingtolaw,and
conductedundertheauthorityofaCourtofJustice,isastageofajudicialproceeding,thoughthat
investigationmaynottakeplacebeforeaCourtofJustice.IllustrationA,inanyenquirybeforean
officerdeputedbyaCourtofJusticetoascertainonthespottheboundariesofland,makesonoatha
statementwhichheknowstobefalse.Asthisenquiryisastageofajudicialproceeding.Ahasgiven
falseevidence.
194.Givingorfabricatingfalseevidencewithintenttoprocureconvictionofcapitaloffence.
Whoevergivesorfabricatesfalseevidence,intendingtherebytocause,orknowingittobelikelythat
hewilltherebycause,anypersontobeconvictedofanoffencewhichiscapital1[bythelawforthe
timebeinginforcein2[India]]shallbepunishedwith3[imprisonmentforlife],orwithrigorous
imprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineifinnocent
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personbetherebyconvictedandexecuted.andifaninnocentpersonbeconvictedandexecutedin
consequenceofsuchfalseevidence,thepersonwhogivessuchfalseevidenceshallbepunished
eitherwithdeathorthepunishmenthereinbeforedescribed.
195.Givingorfabricatingfalseevidencewithintenttoprocureconvictionofoffencepunishablewith
imprisonmentforlifeorimprisonment.Whoevergivesorfabricatesfalseevidenceintending
therebytocause,orknowingittobelikelythathewilltherebycause,anypersontobeconvictedof
anoffencewhich1[bythelawforthetimebeinginforcein2[India]]isnotcapital,butpunishable
with3[imprisonmentforlife],orimprisonmentforatermofsevenyearsorupwards,shallbe
punishedasapersonconvictedofthatoffencewouldbeliabletobepunished.IllustrationAgives
falseevidencebeforeaCourtofJustice,intendingtherebytocauseZtobeconvictedofadacoity.
Thepunishmentofdacoityis3[imprisonmentforlife],orrigorousimprisonmentforatermwhich
mayextendtotenyears,withorwithoutfine.A,therefore,isliableto3[imprisonmentforlife]or
imprisonment,withorwithoutfine.
1[195A.2[Threateninganypersontogivefalseevidence].Whoeverthreatensanotherwithany
injurytohisperson,reputationorpropertyortothepersonorreputationofanyoneinwhomthat
personisinterested,withintenttocausethatpersontogivefalseevidenceshallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,orwithfine,orwith
bothandifinnocentpersonisconvictedandsentencedinconsequenceofsuchfalseevidence,with
deathorimprisonmentformorethansevenyears,thepersonwhothreatensshallbepunishedwith
thesamepunishmentandsentenceinthesamemannerandtothesameextentsuchinnocent
personispunishedandsentenced.]
196.Usingevidenceknowntobefalse.Whoevercorruptlyusesorattemptstouseastrueor
genuineevidenceanyevidencewhichheknowstobefalseorfabricated,shallbepunishedinthe
samemannerasifhegaveorfabricatedfalseevidence.
197.Issuingorsigningfalsecertificate.Whoeverissuesorsignsanycertificaterequiredbylawto
begivenorsigned,orrelatingtoanyfactofwhichsuchcertificateisbylawadmissibleinevidence,
knowingorbelievingthatsuchcertificateisfalseinanymaterialpoint,shallbepunishedinthe
samemannerasifhegavefalseevidence.
198.Usingastrueacertificateknowntobefalse.Whoevercorruptlyusesorattemptstouseany
suchcertificateasatruecertificate,knowingthesametobefalseinanymaterialpoint,shallbe
punishedinthesamemannerasifhegavefalseevidence.
199.Falsestatementmadeindeclarationwhichisbylawreceivableasevidence.Whoever,inany
declarationmadeorsubscribedbyhim,whichdeclarationanyCourtofJustice,oranypublicservant
orotherperson,isboundorauthorisedbylawtoreceiveasevidenceofanyfact,makesany
statementwhichisfalse,andwhichheeitherknowsorbelievestobefalseordoesnotbelievetobe
true,touchinganypointmaterialtotheobjectforwhichthedeclarationismadeorused,shallbe
punishedinthesamemannerasifhegavefalseevidence.
200.Usingastruesuchdeclarationknowingittobefalse.Whoevercorruptlyusesorattemptsto
useastrueanysuchdeclaration,knowingthesametobefalseinanymaterialpoint,shallbe
punishedinthesamemannerasifhegavefalseevidence.Explanation.Adeclarationwhichis
inadmissiblemerelyuponthegroundofsomeinformality,isadeclarationwithinthemeaningof
sections199to200.
201.Causingdisappearanceofevidenceofoffence,orgivingfalseinformationtoscreenoffender.
Whoever,knowingorhavingreasontobelievethatanoffencehasbeencommitted,causesany
evidenceofthecommissionofthatoffencetodisappear,withtheintentionofscreeningtheoffender
fromlegalpunishment,orwiththatintentiongivesanyinformationrespectingtheoffencewhichhe
knowsorbelievestobefalseifacapitaloffence.shall,iftheoffencewhichheknowsorbelievesto
havebeencommittedispunishablewithdeath,bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineifpunishable
withimprisonmentforlife.andiftheoffenceispunishablewith1[imprisonmentforlife],orwith
imprisonmentwhichmayextendtotenyears,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineifpunishable
withlessthantenyearsimprisonment.andiftheoffenceispunishablewithimprisonmentforany
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termnotextendingtotenyears,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofthedescriptionprovidedfor
theoffence,foratermwhichmayextendtoonefourthpartofthelongesttermoftheimprisonment
providedfortheoffence,orwithfine,orwithboth.IllustrationA,knowingthatBhasmurderedZ,
assistsBtohidethebodywiththeintentionofscreeningBfrompunishment.Aisliableto
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforsevenyears,andalsotofine.
202.Intentionalomissiontogiveinformationofoffencebypersonboundtoinform.Whoever,
knowingorhavingreasontobelievethatanoffencehasbeencommitted,intentionallyomitstogive
anyinformationrespectingthatoffencewhichheislegallyboundtogive,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfine,orwith
both.
203.Givingfalseinformationrespectinganoffencecommitted.Whoeverknowingorhavingreason
tobelievethatanoffencehasbeencommitted,givesanyinformationrespectingthatoffencewhich
heknowsorbelievestobefalse,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.1[Explanation.Insections201and
202andinthissectionthewordoffence,includesanyactcommittedatanyplaceoutof2[India],
which,ifcommittedin2[India],wouldbepunishableunderanyofthefollowingsections,namely,
302,304,382,392393,394,395,396,397,398,399,402,435,436,449,450,457,458,459and
460.]
204.Destructionof1[documentorelectronicrecord]topreventitsproductionasevidence.
Whoeversecretesordestroysany1[documentorelectronicrecord]whichhemaybelawfully
compelledtoproduceasevidenceinaCourtofJustice,orinanyproceedinglawfullyheldbeforea
publicservant,assuch,orobliteratesorrendersillegiblethewholeoranypartofsuch1[documentor
electronicrecord]withtheintentionofpreventingthesamefrombeingproducedorusedas
evidencebeforesuchCourtorpublicservantasaforesaid,orafterheshallhavebeenlawfullysum
monedorrequiredtoproducethesameforthatpurpose,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
205.Falsepersonationforpurposeofactorproceedinginsuitorprosecution.Whoeverfalsely
personatesanother,andinsuchassumedcharactermakesanyadmissionorstatement,orconfesses
judgment,orcausesanyprocesstobeissuedorbecomesbailorsecurity,ordoesanyotheractinany
suitorcriminalprosecution,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtothreeyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
206.Fraudulentremovalorconcealmentofpropertytopreventitsseizureasforfeitedorin
execution.Whoeverfraudulentlyremoves,conceals,transfersordeliverstoanypersonanyproperty
oranyinteresttherein,intendingtherebytopreventthatpropertyorinterestthereinfrombeing
takenasaforfeitureorinsatisfactionofafine,underasentencewhichhasbeenpronounced,or
whichheknowstobelikelytobepronounced,byaCourtofJusticeorothercompetentauthority,or
frombeingtakeninexecutionofadecreeororderwhichhasbeenmade,orwhichheknowstobe
likelytobemadebyaCourtofJusticeinacivilsuit,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
207.Fraudulentclaimtopropertytopreventitsseizureasforfeitedorinexecution.Whoever
fraudulentlyaccepts,receivesorclaimsanypropertyoranyinteresttherein,knowingthathehasno
rightorrightfulclaimtosuchpropertyorinterest,orpracticesanydeceptiontouchinganyrightto
anypropertyoranyinteresttherein,intendingtherebytopreventthatpropertyorinteresttherein
frombeingtakenasaforfeitureorinsatisfactionofafine,underasentencewhichhasbeen
pronounced,orwhichheknowstobelikelytobepronouncedbyaCourtofJusticeorother
competentauthority,orfrombeingtakeninexecutionofadecreeororderwhichhasbeenmade,or
whichheknowstobelikelytobemadebyaCourtofJusticeinacivilsuit,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwith
both.
208.Fraudulentlysufferingdecreeforsumnotdue.Whoeverfraudulentlycausesorsuffersa
decreeorordertobepassedagainsthimatthesuitofanypersonforasumnotdueorforalarger
sumthanisduetosuchpersonorforanypropertyorinterestinpropertytowhichsuchpersonisnot
entitled,orfraudulentlycausesorsuffersadecreeorordertobeexecutedagainsthimafterithas
beensatisfied,orforanythinginrespectofwhichithasbeensatisfied,shallbepunishedwith
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imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwith
both.IllustrationAinstitutesasuitagainstZ.ZknowingthatAislikelytoobtainadecreeagainst
him,fraudulentlysuffersajudgmenttopassagainsthimforalargeramountatthesuitofB,whohas
nojustclaimagainsthim,inorderthatB,eitheronhisownaccountorforthebenefitofZ,mayshare
intheproceedsofanysaleofZspropertywhichmaybemadeunderAsdecree.Zhascommittedan
offenceunderthissection.
209.DishonestlymakingfalseclaiminCourt.Whoeverfraudulentlyordishonestly,orwithintentto
injureorannoyanyperson,makesinaCourtofJusticeanyclaimwhichheknowstobefalse,shall
bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,and
shallalsobeliabletofine.
210.Fraudulentlyobtainingdecreeforsumnotdue.Whoeverfraudulentlyobtainsadecreeororder
againstanypersonforasumnotdueorforalargersumthanisdue,orforanypropertyorinterestin
propertytowhichheisnotentitled,orfraudulentlycausesadecreeorordertobeexecutedagainst
anypersonafterithasbeensatisfiedorforanythinginrespectofwhichithasbeensatisfied,or
fraudulentlysuffersorpermitsanysuchacttobedoneinhisname,shallbepunishedwithimprison
mentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
211.Falsechargeofoffencemadewithintenttoinjure.Whoever,withintenttocauseinjurytoany
person,institutesorcausestobeinstitutedanycriminalproceedingagainstthatperson,orfalsely
chargesanypersonwithhavingcommittedanoffence,knowingthatthereisnojustorlawfulground
forsuchproceedingorchargeagainstthatperson,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithbothandifsuchcriminal
proceedingbeinstitutedonafalsechargeofanoffencepunishablewithdeath,1[imprisonmentfor
life],orimprisonmentforsevenyearsorupwards,shallbepunishablewithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
212.Harbouringoffender.Wheneveranoffencehasbeencommitted,whoeverharboursorconceals
apersonwhomheknowsorhasreasontobelievetobetheoffender,withtheintentionofscreening
himfromlegalpunishmentifacapitaloffence.shall,iftheoffenceispunishablewithdeath,be
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtofiveyears,and
shallalsobeliabletofineifpunishablewithimprisonmentforlife,orwithimprisonment.andif
theoffenceispunishablewith1[imprisonmentforlife],orwithimprisonmentwhichmayextendto
tenyears,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
threeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineandiftheoffenceispunishablewithimprisonmentwhich
mayextendtooneyear,andnottotenyears,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofthedescription
providedfortheoffenceforatermwhichmayextendtoonefourthpartofthelongesttermof
imprisonmentprovidedfortheoffence,orwithfine,orwithboth.2[Offenceinthissectionincludes
anyactcommittedatanyplaceoutof3[India],which,ifcommittedin3[India],wouldbepunishable
underanyofthefollowingsections,namely,302,304,382,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,
402,435,436,449,450,457,458,459and460andeverysuchactshall,forthepurposesofthis
section,bedeemedtobepunishableasiftheaccusedpersonhadbeenguiltyofitin3[India].]
(Exception)Thisprovisionshallnotextendtoanycaseinwhichtheharbourorconcealmentis
bythehusbandorwifeoftheoffender.IllustrationA,knowingthatBhascommitteddacoity,
knowinglyconcealsBinordertoscreenhimfromlegalpunishment.Here,asBisliableto
1[imprisonmentforlife],Aisliabletoimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermnotexceeding
threeyears,andisalsoliabletofine.
213.Takinggift,etc.,toscreenanoffenderfrompunishment.Whoeveracceptsorattemptsto
obtain,oragreestoaccept,anygratificationforhimselforanyotherperson,oranyrestitutionof
propertytohimselforanyotherperson,inconsiderationofhisconcealinganoffenceorofhis
screeninganypersonfromlegalpunishmentforanyoffence,orofhisnotproceedingagainstany
personforthepurposeofbringinghimtolegalpunishment,ifacapitaloffence.shall,iftheoffence
ispunishablewithdeath,bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineifpunishablewithimprisonmentforlife,or
withimprisonment.andiftheoffenceispunishablewith1[imprisonmentforlife],orwith
imprisonmentwhichmayextendtotenyears,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineandifthe
offenceispunishablewithimprisonmentnotextendingtotenyears,shallbepunishedwith
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imprisonmentofthedescriptionprovidedfortheoffenceforatermwhichmayextendtoonefourth
partofthelongesttermofimprisonmentprovidedfortheoffence,orwithfine,orwithboth.
214.Offeringgiftorrestorationofpropertyinconsiderationofscreeningoffender.Whoevergivesor
causes,oroffersoragreestogiveorcause,anygratificationtoanyperson,or206[restoresorcauses
therestorationof]anypropertytoanyperson,inconsiderationofthatpersonsconcealinganoffence,
orofhisscreeninganypersonfromlegalpunishmentforanyoffence,orofhisnotproceedingagainst
anypersonforthepurposeofbringinghimtolegalpunishmentifacapitaloffence.shall,ifthe
offenceispunishablewithdeath,bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineifpunishablewithimprisonment
forlife,orwithimprisonment.andiftheoffenceispunishablewith207 [imprisonmentforlife],or
withimprisonmentwhichmayextendtotenyears,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineandifthe
offenceispunishablewithimprisonmentnotextendingtotenyears,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofthedescriptionprovidedfortheoffenceforatermwhichmayextendtoonefourth
partofthelongesttermofimprisonmentprovidedfortheoffence,orwithfine,orwithboth.
3[Exception.Theprovisionsofsections213and214donotextendtoanycaseinwhichtheoffence
maylawfullybecompounded.]4[***]
215.Takinggifttohelptorecoverstolenproperty,etc.Whoevertakesoragreesorconsentstotake
anygratificationunderpretenceoronaccountofhelpinganypersontorecoveranymovableproperty
ofwhichheshallhavebeendeprivedbyanyoffencepunishableunderthisCode,shall,unlesshe
usesallmeansinhispowertocausetheoffendertobeapprehendedandconvictedoftheoffence,be
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwith
fine,orwithboth.
216.Harbouringoffenderwhohasescapedfromcustodyorwhoseapprehensionhasbeenordered.
Wheneveranypersonconvictedoforchargedwithanoffence,beinginlawfulcustodyforthat
offence,escapesfromsuchcustodyorwheneverapublicservant,intheexerciseofthelawful
powersofsuchpublicservant,ordersacertainpersontobeapprehendedforanoffence,whoever,
knowingofsuchescapeororderforapprehension,harboursofconcealsthatpersonwiththe
intentionofpreventinghimfrombeingapprehended,shallbepunishedinthemannerfollowingthat
istosay,ifacapitaloffence.iftheoffenceforwhichthepersonwasincustodyorisorderedtobe
apprehendedispunishablewithdeath,heshallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescription
foratermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineifpunishablewith
imprisonmentforlife,orwithimprisonment.iftheoffenceispunishablewith1[imprisonmentfor
life],orimprisonmentfortenyears,heshallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfor
atermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,withorwithoutfineandiftheoffenceispunishablewith
imprisonmentwhichmayextendtooneyearandnottotenyears,heshallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofthedescriptionprovidedfortheoffenceforatermwhichmayextendtoonefourth
partofthelongesttermoftheimprisonmentprovidedforsuchoffence,orwithfine,orwithboth.
2[Offenceinthissectionincludesalsoanyactoromissionofwhichapersonisallegedtohavebeen
guiltyoutof3[India],which,ifhehadbeenguiltyofitin3[India],wouldhavebeenpunishableas
anoffence,andforwhichheis,underanylawrelatingtoextradition,4[***]orotherwise,liabletobe
apprehendedordetainedincustodyin3[India]andeverysuchactoromissionshall,forthe
purposesofthissection,bedeemedtobepunishableasiftheaccusedpersonhadbeenguiltyofitin
3[India].]
(Exception)Thisprovisiondoesnotextendtothecaseinwhichtheharbourorconcealmentis
bythehusbandorwifeofthepersontobeapprehended.
214[216A.Penaltyforharbouringrobbersordacoits.Whoever,knowingorhavingreasontobelieve

thatanypersonsareabouttocommitorhaverecentlycommittedrobberyordacoity,harboursthem
oranyofthem,withtheintentionoffacilitatingthecommissionofsuchrobberyordacoityorof
screeningthemoranyofthemfrompunishment,shallbepunishedwithrigorousimprisonmentfora
termwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.Explanation.Forthe
purposesofthissectionitisimmaterialwhethertherobberyordacoityisintendedtobecommitted,
orhasbeencommitted,withinorwithout2[India].
(Exception)Thisprovisiondoesnotextendtothecaseinwhichtheharbourisbythehusband
orwifeoftheoffender.]
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216[216B.Definitionofharbourinsections212,216and216A.[Rep.bytheIndianPenalCode

(Amendment)Act,1942(8of1942),sec.3.]]
217.Publicservantdisobeyingdirectionoflawwithintenttosavepersonfrompunishmentor
propertyfromforfeiture.Whoever,beingapublicservant,knowinglydisobeysanydirectionofthe
lawastothewayinwhichheistoconducthimselfassuchpublicservant,intendingtherebytosave,
orknowingittobelikelythathewilltherebysave,anypersonfromlegalpunishment,orsubjecthim
toalesspunishmentthanthattowhichheisliable,orwithintenttosave,orknowingthatheislikely
therebytosave,anypropertyfromforfeitureoranychargetowhichitisliablebylaw,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwith
fine,orwithboth.
218.Publicservantframingincorrectrecordorwritingwithintenttosavepersonfrompunishment
orpropertyfromforfeiture.Whoever,beingapublicservant,andbeingassuchpublicservant,
chargedwiththepreparationofanyrecordorotherwriting,framesthatrecordorwritingina
mannerwhichheknowstobeincorrect,withintenttocause,orknowingittobelikelythathewill
therebycause,lossorinjurytothepublicortoanyperson,orwithintenttherebytosave,orknowing
ittobelikelythathewilltherebysave,anypersonfromlegalpunishment,orwithintenttosave,or
knowingthatheislikelytherebytosave,anypropertyfromforfeitureorotherchargetowhichitis
liablebylaw,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtothreeyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
219.Publicservantinjudicialproceedingcorruptlymakingreport,etc.,contrarytolaw.Whoever,
beingapublicservant,corruptlyormaliciouslymakesorpronouncesinanystageofajudicial
proceeding,anyreport,order,verdict,ordecisionwhichheknowstobecontrarytolaw,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,or
withfine,orwithboth.
220.Commitmentfortrialorconfinementbypersonhavingauthoritywhoknowsthatheisacting
contrarytolaw.Whoever,beinginanyofficewhichgiveshimlegalauthoritytocommitpersonsfor
trialortoconfinement,ortokeeppersonsinconfinement,corruptlyormaliciouslycommitsany
personfortrialortoconfinement,orkeepsanypersoninconfinement,intheexerciseofthat
authorityknowingthatinsodoingheisactingcontrarytolaw,shallbepunishedwithimprisonment
ofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
221.Intentionalomissiontoapprehendonthepartofpublicservantboundtoapprehend.Whoever,
beingapublicservant,legallyboundassuchpublicservanttoapprehendortokeepinconfinement
anypersonchargedwithorliabletoapprehendedforanoffence,intentionallyomitstoapprehend
suchperson,orintentionallysufferssuchpersontoescape,orintentionallyaidssuchpersonin
escapingorattemptingtoescapefromsuchconfinement,shallbepunishedasfollows,thatistosay:
withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,withor
withoutfine,ifthepersoninconfinement,orwhooughttohavebeenapprehended,wascharged
with,orliabletobeapprehendedfor,anoffencepunishablewithdeathorwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,withorwithoutfine,ifthepersonin
confinement,orwhooughttohavebeenapprehended,waschargedwith,orliabletobeapprehended
for,anoffencepunishablewith1[imprisonmentforlife]orimprisonmentforatermwhichmay
extendtotenyearsorwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwo
years,withorwithoutfine,ifthepersoninconfinement,orwhooughttohavebeenapprehended,
waschargedwith,orliabletobeapprehendedfor,anoffencepunishablewithimprisonmentfora
termlessthantenyears.
222.Intentionalomissiontoapprehendonthepartofpublicservantboundtoapprehendperson
undersentenceorlawfullycommitted.Whoever,beingapublicservant,legallyboundassuch
publicservanttoapprehendortokeepinconfinementanypersonundersentenceofaCourtof
Justiceforanyoffence1[orlawfullycommittedtocustody],intentionallyomitstoapprehendsuch
person,orintentionallysufferssuchpersontoescapeorintentionallyaidssuchpersoninescapingor
attemptingtoescapefromsuchconfinement,shallbepunishedasfollows,thatistosay:with
2[imprisonmentforlife]orwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
fourteenyears,withorwithoutfine,ifthepersoninconfinement,orwhooughttohavebeen
apprehended,isundersentenceofdeathorwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtosevenyears,withorwithoutfine,ifthepersoninconfinementorwhooughtto
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havebeenapprehended,issubject,byasentenceofaCourtofJustice,orbyvirtueofacommutation
ofsuchsentence,to2[imprisonmentforlife]3[***]4[***]5[***]6[***]orimprisonmentforaterm
oftenyearsorupw ardsorwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
threeyears,orwithfine,orwithboth,ifthepersoninconfinement,orwhooughttohavebeen
apprehendedissubject,byasentenceofaCourtofJustice,toimprisonmentforatermnot
exceedingtotenyears7[orifthepersonwaslawfullycommittedtocustody].
223.Escapefromconfinementorcustodynegligentlysufferedbypublicservant.Whoever,beinga
publicservantlegallyboundassuchpublicservanttokeepinconfinementanypersonchargedwith
orconvictedofanyoffence1[orlawfullycommittedtocustody],negligentlysufferssuchpersonto
escapefromconfinement,shallbepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextend
totwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
224.Resistanceorobstructionbyapersontohislawfulapprehension.Whoeverintentionallyoffers
anyresistanceorillegalobstructiontothelawfulapprehensionofhimselfforanyoffencewithwhich
heischargedorofwhichhehasbeenconvicted,orescapesorattemptstoescapefromanycustody
inwhichheislawfullydetainedforanysuchoffence,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.Explanation.The
punishmentinthissectionisinadditiontothepunishmentforwhichthepersontobeapprehended
ordetainedincustodywasliablefortheoffencewithwhichhewascharged,orofwhichhewas
convicted.
225.Resistanceorobstructiontolawfulapprehensionofanotherperson.Whoeverintentionally
offersanyresistanceorillegalobstructiontothelawfulapprehensionofanyotherpersonforan
offence,orrescuesorattemptstorescueanyotherpersonfromanycustodyinwhichthatpersonis
lawfullydetainedforanoffence,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithbothor,ifthepersontobeapprehended,
orthepersonrescuedorattemptedtoberescued,ischargedwithorliabletobeapprehendedforan
offencepunishablewith1[imprisonmentforlife]orimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendto
tenyears,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
threeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineor,ifthepersontobeapprehended,ortheperson
attemptedtoberescued,ischargedwithorliabletobeapprehendedforanoffencepunishablewith
death,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
sevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineor,ifthepersontobeapprehendedorrescued,or
attemptedtoberescued,isliableunderthesentenceofaCourtofJustice,orbyvirtueofa
commutationofsuchasentence,to1[imprisonmentforlife]2[***]3[***]4[***]orimprisonment,for
atermoftenyearsorupw ards,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineor,ifthepersontobeapprehended
orrescued,orattemptedtoberescued,isundersentenceofdeath,shallbepunishedwith
1[imprisonmentforlife]orimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermnotexceedingtenyears,
andshallalsobeliabletofine.
230[225A.Omissiontoapprehend,orsufferanceofescape,onpartofpublicservant,incasesnot

otherwise,providedfor.Whoever,beingapublicservantlegallyboundassuchpublicservantto
apprehend,ortokeepinconfinement,anypersoninanycasenotprovidedforinsection221,section
222orsection223,orinanyotherlawforthetimebeinginforce,omitstoapprehendthatpersonor
suffershimtoescapefromconfinement,shallbepunished
(a)ifhedoessointentionally,withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtothreeyears,orwithfine,orwithbothand
(b)ifhedoessonegligently,withsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,
orwithfine,orwithboth.]
231 [225B.Resistanceorobstructiontolawfulapprehension,orescapeorrescueincasesnot

otherwiseprovidedfor.Whoever,inanycasenotprovidedforinsection224orsection225orin
anyotherlawforthetimebeinginforce,intentionallyoffersanyresistanceorillegalobstructionto
thelawfulapprehensionofhimselforofanyotherperson,orescapesorattemptstoescapefromany
custodyinwhichheislawfullydetained,orrescuesorattemptstorescueanyotherpersonfromany
custodyinwhichthatpersonislawfullydetained,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfine,orwithboth.]
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226.Unlawfulreturnfromtransportation.[Rep.bytheCodeofCriminalProcedure(Amendment)
Act,1955(26of1955),sec.117andSch.(w.e.f.111956).]
227.Violationofconditionofremissionofpunishment.Whoever,havingacceptedanyconditional
remissionofpunishment,knowinglyviolatesanyconditiononwhichsuchremissionwasgranted,
shallbepunishedwiththepunishmenttowhichhewasoriginallysentenced,ifhehasalready
sufferednopartofthatpunishment,andifhehassufferedanypartofthatpunishment,thenwithso
muchofthatpunishmentashehasnotalreadysuffered.
228.Intentionalinsultorinterruptiontopublicservantsittinginjudicialproceeding.Whoever
intentionallyoffersanyinsult,orcausesanyinterruptiontoanypublicservant,whilesuchpublic
servantissittinginanystageofajudicialproceeding,shallbepunishedwithsimpleimprisonment
foratermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,
orwithboth.StateAmendmentAndhraPradesh.InAndhraPradeshoffenceundersection228is
cognizable.[VideA.P.G.O.Ms.No.732,dated5thDecember,1991].
232[228A.Disclosureofidentityofthevictimofcertainoffencesetc.

(1)Whoeverprintsorpublishesthenameoranymatterwhichmaymakeknowntheidentityof
anypersonagainstwhomanoffenceundersection376,section376A,section376B,section376C
orsection376Disallegedorfoundtohavebeencommitted(hereafterinthissectionreferredto
asthevictim)shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtotwoyearsandshallalsobeliabletofine.
(2)Nothinginsubsection(1)extendstoanyprintingorpublicationofthenameoranymatter
whichmaymakeknowntheidentityofthevictimifsuchprintingorpublicationis
(a)byorundertheorderinwritingoftheofficerinchargeofthepolicestationorthepolice
officermakingtheinvestigationintosuchoffenceactingingoodfaithforthepurposesofsuch
investigationor
(b)by,orwiththeauthorisationinwritingof,thevictimor
(c)wherethevictimisdeadorminororofunsoundmind,by,orwiththeauthorisationin
writingof,thenextofkinofthevictim:Providedthatnosuchauthorisationshallbegivenby
thenextofkintoanybodyotherthanthechairmanorthesecretary,bywhatevernamecalled,
ofanyrecognisedwelfareinstitutionororganisation.Explanation.Forthepurposesofthis
subsection,recognisedwelfareinstitutionororganisationmeansasocialwelfareinstitution
ororganisationrecognisedinthisbehalfbytheCentralorStateGovernment.
(3)Whoeverprintsorpublishesanymatterinrelationtoanyproceedingbeforeacourtwith
respecttoanoffencereferredtoinsubsection(1)withoutthepreviouspermissionofsuchCourt
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwo
yearsandshallalsobeliabletofine.Explanation.Theprintingorpublicationofthejudgmentof
anyHighCourtortheSupremeCourtdoesnotamounttoanoffencewithinthemeaningofthis
section.]
229.Personationofajurororassessor.Whoever,bypersonationorotherwise,shallintentionally
cause,orknowinglysufferhimselftobereturned,empanelledorswornasajurymanorassessorin
anycaseinwhichheknowsthatheisnotentitledbylawtobesoreturned,empanelledorsworn,or
knowinghimselftohavebeensoreturned,empanelledorsworncontrarytolaw,shallvoluntarily
serveonsuchjuryorassuchassessor,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfor
atermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
233[229A.FailurebypersonreleasedonbailorbondtoappearinCourt.Whoever,havingbeen

chargedwithanoffenceandreleasedonbailoronbondwithoutsureties,failswithoutsufficient
cause(theburdenofprovingwhichshalllieuponhim),toappearinCourtinaccordancewiththe
termsofthebailorbond,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhich
mayextendtooneyear,orwithfine,orwithboth.Explanation.Thepunishmentunderthissection
is
(a)inadditiontothepunishmenttowhichtheoffenderwouldbeliableonaconvictionforthe
offencewithwhichhehasbeenchargedand
(b)withoutprejudicetothepoweroftheCourttoorderforfeitureofthebond.]
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230.Coindefined.1[Coinismetalusedforthetimebeingasmoney,andstampedandissuedby
theauthorityofsomeStateorSovereignPowerinordertobesoused.]Indiancoin.2[Indiancoinis
metalstampedandissuedbytheauthorityoftheGovernmentofIndiainordertobeusedasmoney
andmetalwhichhasbeensostampedandissuedshallcontinuetobeIndiancoinforthepurposesof
thisChapter,notwithstandingthatitmayhaveceasedtobeusedasmoney.]Illustrations
(a)Cowriesarenotcoin.
(b)Lumpsofunstampedcopper,thoughusedasmoney,arenotcoin.
(c)Medalsarenotcoin,inasmuchastheyarenotintendedtobeusedasmoney.
(d)ThecoindenominatedastheCompanysrupeeis3[Indiancoin].
237 [(e)TheFarukhabadrupeewhichwasformerlyusedasmoneyundertheauthorityofthe

GovernmentofIndiais4[Indiancoin]althoughitisnolongersoused].
231.Counterfeitingcoin.Whoevercounterfeitsorknowinglyperformsanypartoftheprocessof
counterfeitingcoin,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.Explanation.Apersoncommitsthisoffence
whointendingtopractisedeception,orknowingittobelikelythatdeceptionwilltherebybe
practised,causesagenuinecointoappearlikeadifferentcoin.
232.CounterfeitingIndiancoin.Whoevercounterfeits,orknowinglyperformsanypartofthe
processofcounterfeiting1[Indiancoin],shallbepunishedwith2[imprisonmentforlife],orwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliable
tofine.
233.Makingorsellinginstrumentforcounterfeitingcoin.Whoevermakesormends,orperforms
anypartoftheprocessofmakingormending,orbuys,sellsordisposesof,anydieorinstrument,for
thepurposeofbeingused,orknowingorhavingreasontobelievethatitisintendedtobeused,for
thepurposeofcounterfeitingcoin,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
234.MakingorsellinginstrumentforcounterfeitingIndiancoin.Whoevermakesormends,or
performsanypartoftheprocessofmakingormending,orbuys,sellsordisposesof,anydieor
instrument,forthepurposeofbeingused,orknowingorhavingreasontobelievethatitisintended
tobeused,forthepurposeofcounterfeiting1[Indiancoin],shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
235.Possessionofinstrument,ormaterialforthepurposeofusingthesameforcounterfeitingcoin.
Whoeverisinpossessionofanyinstrumentormaterial,forthepurposeofusingthesamefor
counterfeitingcoin,orknowingorhavingreasontobelievethatthesameisintendedtobeusedfor
thatpurpose,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineifIndiancoin.andifthecointobe
counterfeitedis1[Indiancoin],shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
236.AbettinginIndiathecounterfeitingoutofIndiaofcoin.Whoever,beingwithin242[India],
abetsthecounterfeitingofcoinoutof242[India],shallbepunishedinthesamemannerasifhe
abettedthecounterfeitingofsuchcoinwithin242[India].
237.Importorexportofcounterfeitcoin.Whoeverimportsinto1[India],orexportstherefrom,any
counterfeitcoin,knowingorhavingreasontobelievethatthesameiscounterfeit,shallbepunished
withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,andshallalso
beliabletofine.
238.ImportorexportofcounterfeitsoftheIndiancoin.Whoeverimportsinto244[India],orexports
therefrom,anycounterfeitcoin,whichheknowsorhasreasontobelievetobeacounterfeitof245
[Indiancoin],shallbepunishedwith246[imprisonmentforlife],orwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.

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239.Deliveryofcoin,possessedwithknowledgethatitiscounterfeit.Whoever,havingany
counterfeitcoin,whichatthetimewhenhebecamepossessedofitknewtobecounterfeit,fraudu
lentlyorwithintentthatfraudmaybecommitted,deliversthesametoanyperson,orattemptsto
induceanypersontoreceiveitshallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtofiveyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
240.DeliveryofIndiancoin,possessedwithknowledgethatitiscounterfeit.Whoever,havingany
counterfeitcoinwhichisacounterfeitof1[Indiancoin],andwhich,atthetimewhenhebecame
possessedofit,heknewtobeacounterfeitof1[Indiancoin],fraudulentlyorwithintentthatfraud
maybecommitted,deliversthesametoanyperson,orattemptstoinduceanypersontoreceiveit
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,
andshallalsobeliabletofine.
241.Deliveryofcoinasgenuine,which,whenfirstpossessed,thedelivererdidnotknowtobe
counterfeit.Whoeverdeliverstoanyotherpersonasgenuine,orattemptstoinduceanyother
persontoreceiveasgenuine,anycounterfeitcoinwhichheknowstobecounterfeit,butwhichhedid
notknowtobecounterfeitatthetimewhenhetookitintohispossession,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfinetoan
amountwhichmayextendtotentimesthevalueofthecoincounterfeited,orwithbothIllustrationA,
acoiner,deliverscounterfeitCompanysrupeestohisaccompliceB,forthepurposeofutteringthem.
BsellstherupeestoC,anotherutterer,whobuysthemknowingthemtobecounterfeit.Cpaysaway
therupeesforgoodstoD,whoreceivesthem,notknowingthemtobecounterfeit.D,afterreceiving
therupees,discoversthattheyarecounterfeitandpaysthemawayasiftheyweregood.HereDis
punishableonlyunderthissection,butBandCarepunishableundersection239or240,asthecase
maybe.
242.Possessionofcounterfeitcoinbypersonwhoknewittobecounterfeitwhenhebecame
possessedthereof.Whoever,fraudulentlyorwithintentthatfraudmaybecommitted,isinposses
sionofcounterfeitcoin,havingknownatthetimewhenhebecamepossessedthereofthatsuchcoin
wascounterfeit,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
243.PossessionofIndiancoinbypersonwhoknewittobecounterfeitwhenhebecamepossessed
thereof.Whoever,fraudulentlyorwithintentthatfraudmaybecommitted,isinpossessionof
counterfeitcoin,whichisacounterfeitof1[Indiancoin],havingknownatthetimewhenhebecame
possessedofitthatitwascounterfeit,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfor
atermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
244.Personemployedinmintcausingcointobeofdifferentweightorcompositionfromthatfixed
bylaw.Whoever,beingemployedinanymintlawfullyestablishedin1[India],doesanyact,or
omitswhatheislegallyboundtodo,withtheintentionofcausinganycoinissuedfromthatmintto
beofadifferentweightorcompositionfromtheweightorcompositionfixedbylaw,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,and
shallalsobeliabletofine.
245.Unlawfullytakingcoininginstrumentfrommint.Whoever,withoutlawfulauthority,takesout
ofanymint,lawfullyestablishedin1[India],anycoiningtoolorinstrument,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobe
liabletofine.
246Fraudulentlyordishonestlydiminishingweightoralteringcompositionofcoin.Whoever
fraudulentlyordishonestlyperformsonanycoinanyoperationwhichdiminishestheweightoralters
thecompositionofthatcoin,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.Explanation.Apersonwhoscoops
outpartofthecoinandputsanythingelseintothecavityaltersthecompositionofthatcoin.
247.FraudulentlyordishonestlydiminishingweightoralteringcompositionofIndiancoin.
Whoeverfraudulentlyordishonestlyperformson1[anyIndiancoin]anyoperationwhichdiminishes
theweightoraltersthecompositionofthatcoin,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.

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248.Alteringappearanceofcoinwithintentthatitshallpassascoinofdifferentdescription.
Whoeverperformsonanycoinanyoperationwhichalterstheappearanceofthatcoin,withthe
intentionthatthesaidcoinshallpassasacoinofadifferentdescription,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,andshallalsobe
liabletofine.
249.AlteringappearanceofIndiancoinwithintentthatitshallpassascoinofdifferentdescription.
Whoeverperformson1[anyIndiancoin]anyoperationwhichalterstheappearanceofthatcoin,
withtheintentionthatthesaidcoinshallpassasacoinofadifferentdescription,shallbepunished
withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalso
beliabletofine.
250.Deliveryofcoin,possessedwithknowledgethatitisaltered.Whoever,havingcoininhis
possessionwithrespecttowhichtheoffencedefinedinsection246or248hasbeencommitted,and
havingknownatthetimewhenhebecamepossessedofsuchcointhatsuchoffencehadbeen
committedwithrespecttoit,fraudulentlyorwithintentthatfraudmaybecommitted,deliverssuch
cointoanyotherperson,orattemptstoinduceanyotherpersontoreceivethesame,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtofiveyears,and
shallalsobeliabletofine.
251.DeliveryofIndiancoin,possessedwithknowledgethatitisaltered.Whoever,havingcoinin
hispossessionwithrespecttowhichtheoffencedefinedinsection247or249hasbeencommitted,
andhavingknownatthetimewhenhebecamepossessedofsuchcointhatsuchoffencehadbeen
committedwithrespecttoit,fraudulentlyorwithintentthatfraudmaybecommitted,deliverssuch
cointoanyotherperson,orattemptstoinduceanyotherpersontoreceivethesame,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,and
shallalsobeliabletofine.
252.Possessionofcoinbypersonwhoknewittobealteredwhenhebecamepossessedthereof.
Whoever,fraudulentlyorwithintentthatfraudmaybecommitted,isinpossessionofcoinwith
respecttowhichtheoffencedefinedineitherofthesection246or248hasbeencommitted,having
knownatthetimeofbecomingpossessedthereofthatsuchoffencehadbeencommittedwithrespect
tosuchcoin,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextend
tothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
253.PossessionofIndiancoinbypersonwhoknewittobealteredwhenhebecamepossessed
thereof.Whoever,fraudulentlyorwithintentthatfraudmaybecommitted,isinpossessionofcoin
withrespecttowhichtheoffencedefinedineitherofthesection247or249hasbeencommitted,
havingknownatthetimeofbecomingpossessedthereof,thatsuchoffencehadbeencommittedwith
respecttosuchcoin,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtofiveyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
254.Deliveryofcoinasgenuine,which,whenfirstpossessed,thedelivererdidnotknowtobe
altered.Whoeverdeliverstoanyotherpersonasgenuineorasacoinofadifferentdescriptionfrom
whatitis,orattemptstoinduceanypersontoreceiveasgenuine,orasadifferentcoinfromwhatit
is,anycoininrespectofwhichheknowsthatanysuchoperationasthatmentionedinsection246,
247,248or249hasbeenperformed,butinrespectofwhichhedidnot,atthetimewhenhetookit
intohispossession,knowthatsuchoperationhadbeenperformed,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfinetoan
amountwhichmayextendtotentimesthevalueofthecoinforwhichthealteredcoinispassed,or
attemptedtobepassed.
255.CounterfeitingGovernmentstamp.Whoevercounterfeits,orknowinglyperformsanypartof
theprocessofcounterfeiting,anystampissuedbyGovernmentforthepurposeofrevenue,shallbe
punishedwith1[imprisonmentforlife],orwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhich
mayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.Explanation.Apersoncommitsthisoffence
whocounterfeitsbycausingagenuinestampofonedenominationtoappearlikeagenuinestampof
adifferentdenomination.
256.HavingpossessionofinstrumentormaterialforcounterfeitingGovernmentstamp.Whoever
hasinhispossessionanyinstrumentormaterialforthepurposeofbeingused,orknowingorhaving
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reasontobelievethatitisintendedtobeused,forthepurposeofcounterfeitinganystampissuedby
Governmentforthepurposeofrevenue,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescription
foratermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
257.MakingorsellinginstrumentforcounterfeitingGovernmentstamp.Whoevermakesor
performsanypartoftheprocessofmaking,orbuys,orsells,ordisposesof,anyinstrumentforthe
purposeofbeingused,orknowingorhavingreasontobelievethatitisintendedtobeused,forthe
purposeofcounterfeitinganystampissuedbyGovernmentforthepurposeofrevenue,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,and
shallalsobeliabletofine.
258.SaleofcounterfeitGovernmentstamp.Whoever,sells,oroffersforsale,anystampwhichhe
knowsorhasreasontobelievetobeacounterfeitofanystampissuedbyGovernmentforthe
purposeofrevenue,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
259.HavingpossessionofcounterfeitGovernmentstamp.Whoeverhasinhispossessionany
stampwhichheknowstobeacounterfeitofanystampissuedbyGovernmentforthepurposeof
revenue,intendingtouse,ordisposeofthesameasagenuinestamp,orinorderthatitmaybeused
asagenuinestamp,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
260.UsingasgenuineaGovernmentstampknowntobeacounterfeit.Whoeverusesasgenuine
anystamp,knowingittobecounterfeitofanystampissuedbyGovernmentforthepurposeof
revenue,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
sevenyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
261.Effacing,writingfromsubstancebearingGovernmentstamp,orremovingfromdocumenta
stampusedforit,withintenttocauselosstoGovernment.Whoever,fraudulentlyorwithintentto
causelosstotheGovernment,removesoreffacesfromanysubstance,bearinganystampissuedby
Governmentforthepurposeofrevenue,anywritingordocumentforwhichsuchstamphasbeen
used,orremovesfromanywritingordocumentastampwhichhasbeenusedforsuchwritingor
document,inorderthatsuchstampmaybeusedforadifferentwritingordocument,shallbepun
ishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,orwith
fine,orwithboth.
262.UsingGovernmentstampknowntohavebeenbeforeused.Whoever,fraudulentlyorwith
intenttocauselosstotheGovernment,usesforanypurposeastampissuedbyGovernmentforthe
purposeofrevenue,whichheknowstohavebeenbeforeused,shallbepunishedwithimprisonment
ofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
263.Erasureofmarkdenotingthatstamphasbeenused.Whoever,fraudulentlyorwithintentto
causelosstoGovernment,erasesorremovesfromastampissuedbytheGovernmentforthepurpose
ofrevenue,anymark,putorimpresseduponsuchstampforthepurposeofdenotingthatthesame
hasbeenused,orknowinglyhasinhispossessionorsellsordisposesofanysuchstampfromwhich
suchmarkhasbeenerasedorremoved,orsellsordisposesofanysuchstampwhichheknowsto
havebeenused,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtothreeyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
254[263A.Prohibitionoffictitiousstamps.

(1)Whoever
(a)makes,knowinglyutters,dealsinorsellsanyfictitiousstamps,orknowinglyusesforany
postalpurposeanyfictitiousstamp,or
(b)hasinhispossession,withoutlawfulexcuse,anyfictitiousstamp,or
(c)makesor,withoutlawfulexcuse,hasinhispossessionanydie,plate,instrumentor
materialsformakinganyfictitiousstamp,shallbepunishedwithfinewhichmayextendto
twohundredrupees.
(2)Anysuchstamps,die,plate,instrumentormaterialsinthepossessionofanypersonfor
makinganyfictitiousstamp2[maybeseizedand,ifseized]shallbeforfeited.
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(3)Inthissectionfictitiousstampmeansanystampfalselypurportingtobeissuedbythe
Governmentforthepurposeofdenotingarateofpostage,oranyfacsimileorimitationor
representation,whetheronpaperorotherwise,ofanystampissuedbyGovernmentforthat
purpose.
(4)Inthissectionandalsoinsections255to263,bothinclusive,thewordGovernment,when
usedinconnectionwith,orinreferenceto,anystampissuedforthepurposeofdenotingarateof
postage,shall,notwithstandinganythinginsection17,bedeemedtoincludethepersonorpersons
authorizedbylawtoadministerexecutiveGovernmentinanypartofIndia,andalsoinanypartof
HerMajestysdominionsorinanyforeigncountry.]
264.Fraudulentuseoffalseinstrumentforweighing.Whoeverfraudulentlyusesanyinstrumentfor
weighingwhichheknowstobefalse,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtooneyear,orwithfine,orwithboth.
265.Fraudulentuseoffalseweightormeasure.Whoeverfraudulentlyusesanyfalseweightorfalse
measureoflengthorcapacity,orfraudulentlyusesanyweightoranymeasureoflengthorcapacity
asadifferentweightormeasurefromwhatitis,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtooneyear,orwithfine,orwithboth.
266.Beinginpossessionoffalseweightormeasure.Whoeverisinpossessionofanyinstrumentfor
weighing,orofanyweight,orofanymeasureoflengthorcapacity,whichheknowstobefalse,1[***]
intendingthatthesamemaybefraudulentlyused,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtooneyear,orwithfine,orwithboth.
267.Makingorsellingfalseweightormeasure.Whoevermakes,sellsordisposesofanyinstrument
forweighing,oranyweight,oranymeasureoflengthorcapacitywhichheknowstobefalse,inorder
thatthesamemaybeusedastrue,orknowingthatthesameislikelytobeusedastrue,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtooneyear,orwith
fine,orwithboth.
268.Publicnuisance.Apersonisguiltyofapublicnuisancewhodoesanyactorisguiltyofan
illegalomissionwhichcausesanycommoninjury,dangerorannoyancetothepublicortothepeople
ingeneralwhodwelloroccupypropertyinthevicinity,orwhichmustnecessarilycauseinjury,
obstruction,dangerorannoyancetopersonswhomayhaveoccasiontouseanypublicright.A
commonnuisanceisnotexcusedonthegroundthatitcausessomeconvenienceoradvantage.
269.Negligentactlikelytospreadinfectionofdiseasedangeroustolife.Whoeverunlawfullyor
negligentlydoesanyactwhichis,andwhichheknowsorhasreasontobelievetobe,likelytospread
theinfectionofanydiseasedangeroustolife,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfine,orwithboth.
270.Malignantactlikelytospreadinfectionofdiseasedangeroustolife.Whoevermalignantlydoes
anyactwhichis,andwhichheknowsorhasreasontobelievetobe,likelytospreadtheinfectionof
anydiseasedangeroustolife,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
271.Disobediencetoquarantinerule.Whoeverknowinglydisobeysanyrulemadeandpromulgated
1[bythe2[***]Government3[***]forputtinganyvesselintoastateofquarantine,orforregulating
theintercourseofvesselsinastateofquarantinewiththeshoreorwithothervessels,orfor
regulatingtheintercoursebetweenplaceswhereaninfectiousdiseaseprevailsandotherplaces,shall
bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,or
withfine,orwithboth.
272.Adulterationoffoodordrinkintendedforsale.Whoeveradulteratesanyarticleoffoodordrink,
soastomakesucharticlenoxiousasfoodordrink,intendingtosellsucharticleasfoodordrink,or
knowingittobelikelythatthesamewillbesoldasfoodordrink,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhich
mayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
273.Saleofnoxiousfoodordrink.Whoeversells,oroffersorexposesforsale,asfoodordrink,any
articlewhichhasbeenrenderedorhasbecomenoxious,orisinastateunfitforfoodordrink,
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knowingorhavingreasontobelievethatthesameisnoxiousasfoodordrink,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhich
mayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
274.Adulterationofdrugs.Whoeveradulteratesanydrugormedicalpreparationinsuchamanner
astolessentheefficacyorchangetheoperationofsuchdrugormedicalpreparation,ortomakeit
noxious,intendingthatitshallbesoldorusedfor,orknowingittobelikelythatitwillbesoldor
usedfor,anymedicinalpurpose,asifithadnotundergonesuchadulteration,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhich
mayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
275.Saleofadulterateddrugs.Whoever,knowinganydrugormedicalpreparationtohavebeen
adulteratedinsuchamannerastolessenitsefficacy,tochangeitsoperation,ortorenderitnoxious,
sellsthesame,oroffersorexposesitforsale,orissuesitfromanydispensaryformedicinalpurposes
asunadulterated,orcausesittobeusedformedicinalpurposesbyanypersonnotknowingofthe
adulteration,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextend
tosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
276.Saleofdrugasadifferentdrugorpreparation.Whoeverknowinglysells,oroffersorexposes
forsale,orissuesfromadispensaryformedicinalpurposes,anydrugormedicalpreparation,asa
differentdrugormedicalpreparation,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfor
atermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,or
withboth.
277.Foulingwaterofpublicspringorreservoir.Whoevervoluntarilycorruptsorfoulsthewaterof
anypublicspringorreservoir,soastorenderitlessfitforthepurposeforwhichitisordinarilyused,
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothree
months,orwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupees,orwithboth.
278.Makingatmospherenoxioustohealth.Whoevervoluntarilyvitiatestheatmosphereinany
placesoastomakeitnoxioustothehealthofpersonsingeneraldwellingorcarryingonbusinessin
theneighbourhoodorpassingalongapublicway,shallbepunishedwithfinewhichmayextendto
fivehundredrupees.
279.Rashdrivingorridingonapublicway.Whoeverdrivesanyvehicle,orrides,onanypublic
wayinamannersorashornegligentastoendangerhumanlife,ortobelikelytocausehurtorinjury
toanyotherperson,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
280.Rashnavigationofvessel.Whoevernavigatesanyvesselinamannersorashornegligentasto
endangerhumanlife,ortobelikelytocausehurtorinjurytoanyotherperson,shallbepunished
withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfine
whichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
281.Exhibitionoffalselight,markorbuoy.Whoeverexhibitsanyfalselight,markorbuoy,
intendingorknowingittobelikelythatsuchexhibitionwillmisleadanynavigator,shallbepunished
withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,orwithfine,or
withboth.
282.Conveyingpersonbywaterforhireinunsafeoroverloadedvessel.Whoeverknowinglyor
negligentlyconveys,orcausestobeconveyedforhire,anypersonbywaterinanyvessel,whenthat
vesselisinsuchastateorsoloadedastoendangerthelifeofthatperson,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhich
mayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
283.Dangerorobstructioninpublicwayorlineofnavigation.Whoever,bydoinganyact,orby
omittingtotakeorderwithanypropertyinhispossessionorunderhischarge,causesdanger,
obstructionorinjurytoanypersoninanypublicwayorpubliclineofnavigation,shallbepunished
withfinewhichmayextendtotwohundredrupees.
284.Negligentconductwithrespecttopoisonoussubstance.Whoeverdoes,withanypoisonous
substance,anyactinamannersorashornegligentastoendangerhumanlife,ortobelikelytocause
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hurtorinjurytoanyperson,orknowinglyornegligentlyomitstotakesuchorderwithanypoisonous
substanceinhispossessionasissufficienttoguardagainstanyprobabledangertohumanlifefrom
suchpoisonoussubstance,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwith
both.
285.Negligentconductwithrespecttofireorcombustiblematter.Whoeverdoes,withfireorany
combustiblematter,anyactsorashlyornegligentlyastoendangerhumanlife,ortobelikelytocause
hurtorinjurytoanyotherperson,orknowinglyornegligentlyomitstotakesuchorderwithanyfire
oranycombustiblematterinhispossessionasissufficienttoguardagainstanyprobabledangerto
humanlifefromsuchfireorcombustiblematter,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoone
thousandrupees,orwithboth.
286.Negligentconductwithrespecttoexplosivesubstance.Whoeverdoes,withanyexplosive
substance,anyactsorashlyornegligentlyastoendangerhumanlife,ortobelikelytocausehurtor
injurytoanyotherperson,orknowinglyornegligentlyomitstotakesuchorderwithanyexplosive
substanceinhispossessionasissufficienttoguardagainstanyprobabledangertohumanlifefrom
thatsubstance,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
287.Negligentconductwithrespecttomachinery.Whoeverdoes,withanymachinery,anyactso
rashlyornegligentlyastoendangerhumanlife,ortobelikelytocausehurtorinjurytoanyother
person,orknowinglyornegligentlyomitstotakesuchorderwithanymachineryinhispossessionor
underhiscareasissufficienttoguardagainstanyprobabledangertohumanlifefromsuchmachin
ery,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosix
months,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
288.Negligentconductwithrespecttopullingdownorrepairingbuildings.Whoever,inpulling
downorrepairinganybuilding,knowinglyornegligentlyomitstotakesuchorderwiththatbuilding
asissufficienttoguardagainstanyprobabledangertohumanlifefromthefallofthatbuilding,orof
anypartthereof,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
289.Negligentconductwithrespecttoanimal.Whoeverknowinglyornegligentlyomitstotakesuch
orderwithanyanimalinhispossessionasissufficienttoguardagainstanyprobabledangerto
humanlife,oranyprobabledangerofgrievoushurtfromsuchanimal,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfinewhich
mayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
290.Punishmentforpublicnuisanceincasesnototherwiseprovidedfor.Whoevercommitsa
publicnuisanceinanycasenototherwisepunishablebythisCode,shallbepunishedwithfine
whichmayextendtotwohundredrupees.
291.Continuanceofnuisanceafterinjunctiontodiscontinue.Whoeverrepeatsorcontinuesapublic
nuisance,havingbeenenjoinedbyanypublicservantwhohaslawfulauthoritytoissuesuch
injunctionnottorepeatorcontinuesuchnuisance,shallbepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentfora
termwhichmayextendtosixmonths,orwithfine,orwithboth.
260[292.Sale,etc.,ofobscenebooks,etc.261 [

(1)Forthepurposesofsubsection(2),abook,pamphlet,paper,writing,drawing,painting,
representation,figureoranyotherobject,shallbedeemedtobeobsceneifitislasciviousor
appealstotheprurientinterestorifitseffect,or(whereitcomprisestwoormoredistinctitems)
theeffectofanyoneofitsitems,is,iftakenasawhole,suchastotendtodepraveandcorrupt
person,whoarelikely,havingregardtoallrelevantcircumstances,toread,seeorhearthematter
containedorembodiedinit.]
262[(2)]Whoever

(a)sells,letstohire,distributes,publiclyexhibitsorinanymannerputsintocirculation,or
forpurposesofsale,hire,distribution,publicexhibitionorcirculation,makes,producesor

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hasinhispossessionanyobscenebook,pamphlet,paper,drawing,painting,representation
orfigureoranyotherobsceneobjectwhatsoever,or
(b)imports,exportsorconveysanyobsceneobjectforanyofthepurposesaforesaid,or
knowingorhavingreasontobelievethatsuchobjectwillbesold,lettohire,distributedor
publiclyexhibitedorinanymannerputintocirculation,or
(c)takespartinorreceivesprofitsfromanybusinessinthecourseofwhichheknowsorhas
reasontobelievethatanysuchobsceneobjectsareforanyofthepurposesaforesaid,made,
produced,purchased,kept,imported,exported,conveyed,publiclyexhibitedorinany
mannerputintocirculation,or
(d)advertisesormakesknownbyanymeanswhatsoeverthatanypersonisengagedoris
readytoengageinanyactwhichisanoffenceunderthissection,orthatanysuchobscene
objectcanbeprocuredfromorthroughanyperson,or
(e)offersorattemptstodoanyactwhichisanoffenceunderthissection,shallbepunished
263[onfirstconvictionwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextend

totwoyears,andwithfinewhichmayextendtotwothousandrupees,and,intheeventofa
secondorsubsequentconviction,withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhich
mayextendtofiveyears,andalsowithfinewhichmayextendtofivethousandrupees].
264[(Exception)Thissectiondoesnotextendto

(a)anybook,pamphlet,paper,writing,drawing,painting,representationor
figure(i)thepublicationofwhichisprovedtobejustifiedasbeingforthe
publicgoodonthegroundthatsuchbook,pamphlet,paper,writing,drawing,
painting,representationorfigureisintheinterestofscience,literature,artor
learningorotherobjectsofgeneralconcern,or(ii)whichiskeptorusedbona
fideforreligiouspurposes
(b)anyrepresentationsculptured,engraved,paintedorotherwiserepresented
onorin(i)anyancientmonumentwithinthemeaningoftheAncientMonu
mentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsAct,1958(24of1958),or(ii)any
temple,oronanycarusedfortheconveyanceofidols,orkeptorusedforany
religiouspurpose.]]

265[293.Sale,etc.,ofobsceneobjectstoyoungperson.Whoeversells,letstohire,distributes,

exhibitsorcirculatestoanypersonundertheageoftwentyyearsanysuchobsceneobjectasis
referredtointhelastprecedingsection,oroffersorattemptssotodo,shallbepunished2[onfirst
convictionwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,and
withfinewhichmayextendtotwothousandrupees,and,intheeventofasecondorsubsequent
conviction,withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,and
alsowithfinewhichmayextendtofivethousandrupees].]
267 [294.Obsceneactsandsongs.Whoever,totheannoyanceofothers

(a)doesanyobsceneactinanypublicplace,or
(b)sings,recitesoruttersanyobscenesong,balladorwords,inornearanypublicplace,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreemonths,
orwithfine,orwithboth.]
268[294A.Keepinglotteryoffice.Whoeverkeepsanyofficeorplaceforthepurposeofdrawingany

lottery2[notbeing3[aStatelottery]oralotteryauthorisedbythe4[State]Government],shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosixmonths,or
withfine,orwithboth.Andwhoeverpublishesanyproposaltopayanysum,ortodeliveranygoods,
ortodoorforbeardoinganythingforthebenefitofanyperson,onanyeventorcontingencyrelative
orapplicabletothedrawingofanyticket,lot,numberorfigureinanysuchlottery,shallbepunished
withfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees.]
295.Injuringordefilingplaceofworshipwithintenttoinsultthereligionofanyclass.Whoever
destroys,damagesordefilesanyplaceofworship,oranyobjectheldsacredbyanyclassofpersons
withtheintentionoftherebyinsultingthereligionofanyclassofpersonsorwiththeknowledgethat
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anyclassofpersonsislikelytoconsidersuchdestruction,damageordefilementasaninsulttotheir
religion,shallbepunishablewithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
twoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
272[295A.Deliberateandmaliciousacts,intendedtooutragereligiousfeelingsofanyclassby

insultingitsreligionorreligiousbeliefs.Whoever,withdeliberateandmaliciousintentionof
outragingthereligiousfeelingsofanyclassof273[citizensofIndia],274[bywords,eitherspokenor
written,orbysignsorbyvisiblerepresentationsorotherwise],insultsorattemptstoinsultthe
religionorthereligiousbeliefsofthatclass,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendto4[threeyears],orwithfine,orwithboth.]
296.Disturbingreligiousassembly.Whoevervoluntarilycausesdisturbancetoanyassembly
lawfullyengagedintheperformanceofreligiousworship,orreligiousceremonies,shallbepunished
withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtooneyear,orwithfine,or
withboth.
297.Trespassingonburialplaces,etc.Whoever,withtheintentionofwoundingthefeelingsofany
person,orofinsultingthereligionofanyperson,orwiththeknowledgethatthefeelingsofany
personarelikelytobewounded,orthatthereligionofanypersonislikelytobeinsultedthereby,
commitsanytrespassinanyplaceofworshiporonanyplaceofsepulchre,oranyplacesetapart
fromtheperformanceoffuneralritesorasadepositoryfortheremainsofthedead,oroffersany
indignitytoanyhumancorpse,orcausesdisturbancetoanypersonsassembledfortheperformance
offuneralceremonies,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhich
mayextendtooneyear,orwithfine,orwithboth.
298.Uttering,words,etc.,withdeliberateintenttowoundthereligiousfeelingsofanyperson.
Whoever,withthedeliberateintentionofwoundingthereligiousfeelingsofanyperson,uttersany
wordormakesanysoundinthehearingofthatpersonormakesanygestureinthesightofthat
personorplaces,anyobjectinthesightofthatperson,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtooneyear,orwithfine,orwithboth.
299.Culpablehomicide.Whoevercausesdeathbydoinganactwiththeintentionofcausingdeath,
orwiththeintentionofcausingsuchbodilyinjuryasislikelytocausedeath,orwiththeknowledge
thatheislikelybysuchacttocausedeath,commitstheoffenceofculpablehomicide.Illustrations
(a)Alayssticksandturfoverapit,withtheintentionoftherebycausingdeath,orwiththe
knowledgethatdeathislikelytobetherebycaused.Zbelievingthegroundtobefirm,treadsonit,
fallsinandiskilled.Ahascommittedtheoffenceofculpablehomicide.
(b)AknowsZtobebehindabush.BdoesnotknowitA,intendingtocause,orknowingittobe
likelytocauseZsdeath,inducesBtofireatthebush.BfiresandkillsZ.HereBmaybeguiltyof
nooffencebutAhascommittedtheoffenceofculpablehomicide.
(c)A,byshootingatafowlwithintenttokillandstealit,killsBwhoisbehindabushAnot
knowingthathewasthere.Here,althoughAwasdoinganunlawfulact,hewasnotguiltyof
culpablehomicide,ashedidnotintendtokillB,ortocausedeathbydoinganactthatheknew
waslikelytocausedeath.Explanation1.Apersonwhocausesbodilyinjurytoanotherwhois
labouringunderadisorder,diseaseorbodilyinfirmity,andtherebyacceleratesthedeathofthat
other,shallbedeemedtohavecausedhisdeath.Explanation2.Wheredeathiscausedbybodily
injury,thepersonwhocausessuchbodilyinjuryshallbedeemedtohavecausedthedeath,
althoughbyresortingtoproperremediesandskilfultreatmentthedeathmighthavebeen
prevented.Explanation3.Thecausingofthedeathofchildinthemotherswombisnot
homicide.Butitmayamounttoculpablehomicidetocausethedeathofalivingchild,ifanypart
ofthatchildhasbeenbroughtforth,thoughthechildmaynothavebreathedorbeencompletely
born.
300.Murder.Exceptinthecaseshereinafterexcepted,culpablehomicideismurder,iftheactby
whichthedeathiscausedisdonewiththeintentionofcausingdeath,or
(Secondly)Ifitisdonewiththeintentionofcausingsuchbodilyinjuryastheoffenderknowsto
belikelytocausethedeathofthepersontowhomtheharmiscaused,or
(Thirdly)Ifitisdonewiththeintentionofcausingbodilyinjurytoanypersonandthebodily
injuryintendedtobeinflictedissufficientintheordinarycourseofnaturetocausedeath,or
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(Fourthly)Ifthepersoncommittingtheactknowsthatitissoimminentlydangerousthatit
must,inallprobability,causedeathorsuchbodilyinjuryasislikelytocausedeath,andcommits
suchactwithoutanyexcuseforincurringtheriskofcausingdeathorsuchinjuryasaforesaid.
Illustrations
(a)AshootsZwiththeintentionofkillinghim.Zdiesinconsequence.Acommitsmurder.
(b)A,knowingthatZislabouringundersuchadiseasethatablowislikelytocausehisdeath,
strikeshimwiththeintentionofcausingbodilyinjury.Zdiesinconsequenceoftheblow.Ais
guiltyofmurder,althoughtheblowmightnothavebeensufficientintheordinarycourseof
naturetocausethedeathofapersoninasoundstateofhealth.ButifA,notknowingthatZis
labouringunderanydisease,giveshimsuchablowaswouldnotintheordinarycourseof
naturekillapersoninasoundstateofhealth,hereA,althoughhemayintendtocausebodily
injury,isnotguiltyofmurder,ifhedidnotintendtocausedeath,orsuchbodilyinjuryasin
theordinarycourseofnaturewouldcausedeath.
(c)AintentionallygivesZaswordcutorclubwoundsufficienttocausethedeathofamanin
theordinarycourseofnature.Zdiesinconsequence.Here,Aisguiltyofmurder,althoughhe
maynothaveintendedtocauseZsdeath.
(d)Awithoutanyexcusefiresaloadedcannonintoacrowdofpersonsandkillsoneofthem.
Aisguiltyofmurder,althoughhemaynothavehadapremeditateddesigntokillany
particularindividual.Exception1.Whenculpablehomicideisnotmurder.Culpable
homicideisnotmurderiftheoffender,whilstdeprivedofthepowerofselfcontrolbygrave
andsuddenprovocation,causesthedeathofthepersonwhogavetheprovocationorcauses
thedeathofanyotherpersonbymistakeoraccident.Theaboveexceptionissubjecttothe
followingprovisos:
(First)Thattheprovocationisnotsoughtorvoluntarilyprovokedbytheoffenderasanexcuse
forkillingordoingharmtoanyperson.
(Secondly)Thattheprovocationisnotgivenbyanythingdoneinobediencetothelaw,orbya
publicservantinthelawfulexerciseofthepowersofsuchpublicservant.
(Thirdly)Thattheprovocationisnotgivenbyanythingdoneinthelawfulexerciseoftherightof
privatedefence.Explanation.Whethertheprovocationwasgraveandsuddenenoughtoprevent
theoffencefromamountingtomurderisaquestionoffact.Illustrations
(a)A,undertheinfluenceofpassionexcitedbyaprovocationgivenbyZ,intentionallykills.Y,
Zschild.Thisismurder,inasmuchastheprovocationwasnotgivenbythechild,andthe
deathofthechildwasnotcausedbyaccidentormisfortuneindoinganactcausedbythe
provocation.
(b)YgivesgraveandsuddenprovocationtoA.A,onthisprovocation,firesapistolatY,
neitherintendingnorknowinghimselftobelikelytokillZ,whoisnearhim,butoutofsight.
AkillsZ.HereAhasnotcommittedmurder,butmerelyculpablehomicide.
(c)AislawfullyarrestedbyZ,abailiff.Aisexcitedtosuddenandviolentpassionbythe
arrest,andkillsZ.Thisismurder,inasmuchastheprovocationwasgivenbyathingdoneby
apublicservantintheexerciseofhispowers.
(d)AappearsaswitnessbeforeZ,aMagistrate,ZsaysthathedoesnotbelieveawordofAs
deposition,andthatAhasperjuredhimself.Aismovedtosuddenpassionbythesewords,
andkillsZ.Thisismurder.
(e)AattemptstopullZsnose,Z,intheexerciseoftherightofprivatedefence,laysholdofA
topreventhimfromdoingso.Aismovedtosuddenandviolentpassioninconsequence,and
killsZ.Thisismurder,inasmuchastheprovocationwasgivenbyathingdoneinthe
exerciseoftherightofprivatedefence.
(f)ZstrikesB.Bisbythisprovocationexcitedtoviolentrage.A,abystander,intendingto
takeadvantageofBsrage,andtocausehimtokillZ,putsaknifeintoBshandforthat
purpose.BkillsZwiththeknife.HereBmayhavecommittedonlyculpablehomicide,butA
isguiltyofmurder.Exception2.Culpablehomicideisnotmurderiftheoffender,inthe
exerciseingoodfaithoftherightofprivatedefenceofpersonorproperty,exceedsthepower
giventohimbylawandcausesthedeathofthepersonagainstwhomheisexercisingsuch
rightofdefencewithoutpremeditation,andwithoutanyintentionofdoingmoreharmthanis
necessaryforthepurposeofsuchdefence.IllustrationZattemptstohorsewhipA,notinsuch
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amannerastocausegrievoushurttoA.Adrawsoutapistol.Zpersistsintheassault.A
believingingoodfaiththathecanbynoothermeanspreventhimselffrombeing
horsewhipped,shootsZdead.Ahasnotcommittedmurder,butonlyculpablehomicide.
Exception3.Culpablehomicideisnotmurderiftheoffender,beingapublicservantor
aidingapublicservantactingfortheadvancementofpublicjustice,exceedsthepowersgiven
tohimbylaw,andcausesdeathbydoinganactwhichhe,ingoodfaith,believestobelawful
andnecessaryfortheduedischargeofhisdutyassuchpublicservantandwithoutillwill
towardsthepersonwhosedeathiscaused.Exception4.Culpablehomicideisnotmurderif
itiscommittedwithoutpremeditationinasuddenfightintheheatofpassionuponasudden
quarrelandwithouttheoffenderhavingtakenundueadvantageoractedinacruelorunusual
manner.Explanation.Itisimmaterialinsuchcaseswhichpartyofferstheprovocationor
commitsthefirstassault.Exception5.Culpablehomicideisnotmurderwhentheperson
whosedeathiscaused,beingabovetheageofeighteenyears,suffersdeathortakestherisk
ofdeathwithhisownconsent.IllustrationA,byinstigation,voluntarilycauses,Z,aperson
undereighteenyearsofagetocommitsuicide.Here,onaccountofZsyouth,hewas
incapableofgivingconsenttohisowndeathAhasthereforeabettedmurder.
301.Culpablehomicidebycausingdeathofpersonotherthanpersonwhosedeathwasintended.If
aperson,bydoinganythingwhichheintendsorknowstobelikelytocausedeath,commitsculpable
homicidebycausingthedeathofanyperson,whosedeathheneitherintendsnorknowshimselfto
belikelytocause,theculpablehomicidecommittedbytheoffenderisofthedescriptionofwhichit
wouldhavebeenifhehadcausedthedeathofthepersonwhosedeathheintendedorknewhimself
tobelikelytocause.
302.Punishmentformurder.Whoevercommitsmurdershallbepunishedwithdeath,or
1[imprisonmentforlife],andshallalsobeliabletofine.
303.Punishmentformurderbylifeconvict.Whoever,beingundersentenceof1[imprisonmentfor
life],commitsmurder,shallbepunishedwithdeath.
304.Punishmentforculpablehomicidenotamountingtomurder.Whoevercommitsculpable
homicidenotamountingtomurdershallbepunishedwith1[imprisonmentforlife],orimprisonment
ofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine,ifthe
actbywhichthedeathiscausedisdonewiththeintentionofcausingdeath,orofcausingsuch
bodilyinjuryasislikelytocausedeath,orwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhich
mayextendtotenyears,orwithfine,orwithboth,iftheactisdonewiththeknowledgethatitis
likelytocausedeath,butwithoutanyintentiontocausedeath,ortocausesuchbodilyinjuryasis
likelytocausedeath.
279[304A.Causingdeathbynegligence.Whoevercausesthedeathofanypersonbydoinganyrash

ornegligentactnotamountingtoculpablehomicide,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.]
1[304B.Dowrydeath.
(1)Wherethedeathofawomaniscausedbyanyburnsorbodilyinjuryoroccursotherwisethan
undernormalcircumstanceswithinsevenyearsofhermarriageanditisshownthatsoonbefore
herdeathshewassubjectedtocrueltyorharassmentbyherhusbandoranyrelativeofher
husbandfor,orinconnectionwith,anydemandfordowry,suchdeathshallbecalleddowry
death,andsuchhusbandorrelativeshallbedeemedtohavecausedherdeath.Explanation.For
thepurposeofthissubsection,dowryshallhavethesamemeaningasinsection2oftheDowry
ProhibitionAct,1961(28of1961).
(2)Whoevercommitsdowrydeathshallbepunishedwithimprisonmentforatermwhichshall
notbelessthansevenyearsbutwhichmayextendtoimprisonmentforlife.]
305.Abetmentofsuicideofchildorinsaneperson.Ifanypersonundereighteenyearsofage,any
insaneperson,anydeliriousperson,anyidiot,oranypersoninastateofintoxication,commits
suicide,whoeverabetsthecommissionofsuchsuicide,shallbepunishedwithdeathor
1[imprisonmentforlife],orimprisonmentforatermnotexceedingtenyears,andshallalsobeliable
tofine.

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306.Abetmentofsuicide.Ifanypersoncommitssuicide,whoeverabetsthecommissionofsuch
suicide,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
tenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
307.Attempttomurder.Whoeverdoesanyactwithsuchintentionorknowledge,andundersuch
circumstancesthat,ifhebythatactcauseddeath,hewouldbeguiltyofmurder,shallbepunished
withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobe
liabletofineandifhurtiscausedtoanypersonbysuchact,theoffendershallbeliableeitherto
1[imprisonmentforlife],ortosuchpunishmentasishereinbeforementioned.Attemptsbylife
convicts.2[Whenanypersonoffendingunderthissectionisundersentenceof1[imprisonmentfor
life],hemay,ifhurtiscaused,bepunishedwithdeath.]llustrations
(a)AshootsatZwithintentiontokillhim,undersuchcircumstancesthat,ifdeathensued.A
wouldbeguiltyofmurder.Aisliabletopunishmentunderthissection.
(b)A,withtheintentionofcausingthedeathofachildoftenderyears,exposesitinadesert
place.Ahascommittedtheoffencedefinedbythissection,thoughthedeathofthechilddoesnot
ensue.
(c)A,intendingtomurderZ,buysagunandloadsit.Ahasnotyetcommittedtheoffence.Afires
thegunatZ.Hehascommittedtheoffencedefinedinthissection,andifbysuchfiringhe
woundsZ,heisliabletothepunishmentprovidedbythelatterpartof3[thefirstparagraphof]
thissection.
(d)A,intendingtomurderZbypoison,purchasespoisonandmixesthesamewithfoodwhich
remainsinAskeepingAhasnotyetcommittedtheoffencedefinedinthissection.Aplacesthe
foodonZstableordeliversittoZsservanttoplaceitonZstable.Ahascommittedtheoffence
definedinthissection.
308.Attempttocommitculpablehomicide.Whoeverdoesanyactwithsuchintentionorknowledge
andundersuchcircumstancesthat,ifhebythatactcauseddeath,hewouldbeguiltyofculpable
homicidenotamountingtomurder,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtothreeyears,orwithfine,orwithbothand,ifhurtiscausedtoanyperson
bysuchact,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextend
tosevenyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.IllustrationA,ongraveandsuddenprovocation,firesa
pistolatZ,undersuchcircumstancesthatifhetherebycauseddeathhewouldbeguiltyofculpable
homicidenotamountingtomurder.Ahascommittedtheoffencedefinedinthissection.
309.Attempttocommitsuicide.Whoeverattemptstocommitsuicideanddoesanyacttowardsthe
commissionofsuchoffence,shallhepunishedwithsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmay
extendtooneyear1[orwithfine,orwithboth].
310.Thug.Whoever,atanytimeafterthepassingofthisAct,shallhavebeenhabituallyassociated
withanyotherorothersforthepurposeofcommittingrobberyorchildstealingbymeansofor
accompaniedwithmurder,isathug.
311.Punishment.Whoeverisathug,shallbepunishedwith1[imprisonmentforlife],andshallalso
beliabletofine.
312.Causingmiscarriage.Whoevervoluntarilycausesawomanwithchildtomiscarry,shall,ifsuch
miscarriagebenotcausedingoodfaithforthepurposeofsavingthelifeofthewoman,bepunished
withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,orwithfine,or
withbothand,ifthewomanbequickwithchild,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.Explanation.
Awomanwhocausesherselftomiscarry,iswithinthemeaningofthissection.
313.Causingmiscarriagewithoutwomansconsent.Whoevercommitstheoffencedefinedinthe
lastprecedingsectionwithouttheconsentofthewoman,whetherthewomanisquickwithchildor
not,shallbepunishedwith1[imprisonmentforlife],orwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
314.Deathcausedbyactdonewithintenttocausemiscarriage.Whoever,withintenttocausethe
miscarriageofawomanwithchild,doesanyactwhichcausesthedeathofsuchwoman,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,and
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shallalsobeliabletofineIfactdonewithoutwomansconsent.Andiftheactisdonewithoutthe
consentofthewoman,shallbepunishedeitherwith1[imprisonmentforlife],orwiththepun
ishmentabovementioned.Explanation.Itisnotessentialtothisoffencethattheoffendershould
knowthattheactislikelytocausedeath.
315.Actdonewithintenttopreventchildbeingbornaliveortocauseittodieafterbirth.Whoever
beforethebirthofanychilddoesanyactwiththeintentionoftherebypreventingthatchildfrom
beingbornaliveorcausingittodieafteritsbirth,anddoesbysuchactpreventthatchildfrombeing
bornalive,orcausesittodieafteritsbirth,shall,ifsuchactbenotcausedingoodfaithforthe
purposeofsavingthelifeofthemother,bepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtotenyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
316.Causingdeathofquickunbornchildbyactamountingtoculpablehomicide.Whoeverdoesany
actundersuchcircumstances,thatifhetherebycauseddeathhewouldbeguiltyofculpable
homicide,anddoesbysuchactcausethedeathofaquickunbornchild,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliable
tofine.IllustrationA,knowingthatheislikelytocausethedeathofapregnantwoman,doesanact
which,ifitcausedthedeathofthewoman,wouldamounttoculpablehomicide.Thewomanis
injured,butdoesnotdiebutthedeathofanunbornquickchildwithwhichsheispregnantis
therebycaused.Aisguiltyoftheoffencedefinedinthissection.CLASSIFICATIONOFOFFENCE
PunishmentImprisonmentfor10yearsandfineCognizableNonbailableTriablebyCourtof
SessionNoncompoundable.
317.Exposureandabandonmentofchildundertwelveyears,byparentorpersonhavingcareofit.
Whoeverbeingthefatherormotherofachildundertheageoftwelveyears,orhavingthecareof
suchchild,shallexposeorleavesuchchildinanyplacewiththeintentionofwhollyabandoningsuch
child,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
sevenyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.Explanation.Thissectionisnotintendedtopreventthetrial
oftheoffenderformurderorculpablehomicide,asthecasemaybe,ifthechilddiesinconsequence
oftheexposure.
318.Concealmentofbirthbysecretdisposalofdeadbody.Whoever,bysecretlyburyingor
otherwisedisposingofthedeathbodyofachildwhethersuchchilddiebeforeorafterorduringits
birth,intentionallyconcealsorendeavourstoconcealthebirthofsuchchild,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwith
both.
319.Hurt.Whoevercausesbodilypain,diseaseorinfirmitytoanypersonissaidtocausehurt.
320.Grievoushurt.Thefollowingkindsofhurtonlyaredesignatedasgrievous:
(First)Emasculation.
(Secondly)Permanentprivationofthesightofeithereye.
(Thirdly)Permanentprivationofthehearingofeitherear,
(Fourthly)Privationofanymemberorjoint.
(Fifthly)Destructionorpermanentimpairingofthepowersofanymemberorjoint.
(Sixthly)Permanentdisfigurationoftheheadorface.
(Seventhly)Fractureordislocationofaboneortooth.
(Eighthly)Anyhurtwhichendangerslifeorwhichcausesthesufferertobeduringthespaceof
twentydaysinseverebodilypain,orunabletofollowhisordinarypursuits.
321.Voluntarilycausinghurt.Whoeverdoesanyactwiththeintentionoftherebycausinghurtto
anyperson,orwiththeknowledgethatheislikelytherebytocausehurttoanyperson,anddoes
therebycausehurttoanyperson,issaidvoluntarilytocausehurt.
322.Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurt.Whoevervoluntarilycauseshurt,ifthehurtwhichhe
intendstocauseorknowshimselftobelikelytocauseisgrievoushurt,andifthehurtwhichhe
causesisgrievoushurt,issaidvoluntarilytocausegrievoushurt.Explanation.Apersonisnot
saidvoluntarilytocausegrievoushurtexceptwhenhebothcausesgrievoushurtandintendsor
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knowshimselftobelikelytocausegrievoushurt.Butheissaidvoluntarilytocausegrievoushurt,if
intendingorknowinghimselftobelikelytocausegrievoushurtofonekind,heactuallycauses
grievoushurtofanotherkind.IllustrationA,intendingorknowinghimselftobelikelypermanentlyto
disfigureZsface,givesZablowwhichdoesnotpermanentlydisfigureZsface,butwhichcauseZto
sufferseverebodilypainforthespaceoftwentydays.Ahasvoluntarilycausedgrievoushurt.
commentsExplanationTheoffenceofgrievoushurtisnotcausedunlesstheoffenderbothcauses
grievoushurtandintends,orknowshimselftobelikely,tocausegrievoushurtRamkaranMohtonv.
State,AIR1958Pat452.
323.Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinghurt.Whoever,exceptinthecaseprovidedforbysection
334,voluntarilycauseshurt,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtooneyear,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
324.Voluntarilycausinghurtbydangerousweaponsormeans.Whoever,exceptinthecase
providedforbysection334,voluntarilycauseshurtbymeansofanyinstrumentforshooting,stab
bingorcutting,oranyinstrumentwhich,usedasweaponofoffence,islikelytocausedeath,orby
meansoffireoranyheatedsubstance,orbymeansofanypoisonoranycorrosivesubstance,orby
meansofanyexplosivesubstanceorbymeansofanysubstancewhichitisdeleterioustothehuman
bodytoinhale,toswallow,ortoreceiveintotheblood,orbymeansofanyanimal,shallbepunished
withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,orwithfine,or
withboth.
325.Punishmentforvoluntarilycausinggrievoushurt.Whoever,exceptinthecaseprovidedforby
section335,voluntarilycausesgrievoushurt,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
326.VoluntarilycausinggrievoushurtbydangerousweaponsormeansWhoever,exceptinthecase
providedforbysection335,voluntarilycausesgrievoushurtbymeansofanyinstrumentfor
shooting,stabbingorcutting,oranyinstrumentwhich,usedasaweaponofoffence,islikelytocause
death,orbymeansoffireoranyheatedsubstance,orbymeansofanypoisonoranycorrosive
substance,orbymeansofanyexplosivesubstance,orbymeansofanysubstancewhichitis
deleterioustothehumanbodytoinhale,toswallow,ortoreceiveintotheblood,orbymeansofany
animal,shallbepunishedwith1[imprisonmentforlife],orwithimprisonmentofeitherdescription
foratermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
327.Voluntarilycausinghurttoextortproperty,ortoconstraintoanillegalact.Whoevervoluntarily
causeshurt,forthepurposeofextortingfromthesufferer,orfromanypersoninterestedinthe
sufferer,anypropertyorvaluablesecurity,orofconstrainingthesuffereroranypersoninterestedin
suchsufferertodoanythingwhichisillegalorwhichmayfacilitatethecommissionofanoffence,
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,
andshallalsobeliabletofine.
328.Causinghurtbymeansofpoison,etc.,withintenttocommitanoffence.Whoeveradministers
toorcausestobetakenbyanypersonanypoisonoranystupefying,intoxicatingorunwholesome
drug,orotherthingwithintenttocausehurttosuchperson,orwithintenttocommitortofacilitate
thecommissionofanoffenceorknowingittobelikelythathewilltherebycausehurt,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,and
shallalsobeliabletofine.
329.Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurttoextortproperty,ortoconstraintoanillegalact.Whoever
voluntarilycausesgrievoushurtforthepurposeofextortingfromthesuffererorfromanyperson
interestedinthesuffereranypropertyorvaluablesecurity,orofconstrainingthesuffererorany
personinterestedinsuchsufferertodoanythingthatisillegalorwhichmayfacilitatethe
commissionofanoffence,shallbepunishedwith1[imprisonmentforlife],orimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
330.Voluntarilycausinghurttoextortconfession,ortocompelrestorationofproperty.Whoever
voluntarilycauseshurtforthepurposeofextortingfromthesuffererorfromanypersoninterestedin
thesufferer,anyconfessionoranyinformationwhichmayleadtothedetectionofanoffenceor
misconduct,orforthepurposeofconstrainingthesuffereroranypersoninterestedinthesuffererto
restoreortocausetherestorationofanypropertyorvaluablesecurityortosatisfyanyclaimor
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demand,ortogiveinformationwhichmayleadtotherestorationofanypropertyorvaluable
security,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
sevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.Illustrations
(a)A,apoliceofficer,torturesZinordertoinduceZtoconfessthathecommittedacrime.Ais
guiltyofanoffenceunderthissection.
(b)A,apoliceofficer,torturesBtoinducehimtopointoutwherecertainstolenpropertyis
deposited.Aisguiltyofanoffenceunderthissection.
(c)A,arevenueofficer,torturesZinordertocompelhimtopaycertainarrearsofrevenuedue
fromZ.Aisguiltyofanoffenceunderthissection.
(d)A,azamindar,torturesaraiyatinordertocompelhimtopayhisrent.Aisguiltyofanoffence
underthissection.CLASSIFICATIONOFOFFENCEPunishmentImprisonmentfor7yearsand
fineCognizableBailableTriablebyMagistrateofthefirstclassNoncompoundable.
331.Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurttoextortconfession,ortocompelrestorationofproperty.
Whoevervoluntarilycausesgrievoushurtforthepurposeofextortingfromthesuffererorfromany
personinterestedinthesuffereranyconfessionoranyinformationwhichmayleadtothedetection
ofanoffenceormisconduct,orforthepurposeofconstrainingthesuffereroranypersoninterested
inthesufferertorestoreortocausetherestorationofanypropertyorvaluablesecurity,ortosatisfy
anyclaimordemandortogiveinformationwhichmayleadtotherestorationofanypropertyor
valuablesecurity,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
332.Voluntarilycausinghurttodeterpublicservantfromhisduty.Whoevervoluntarilycauseshurt
toanypersonbeingapublicservantinthedischargeofhisdutyassuchpublicservant,orwith
intenttopreventordeterthatpersonoranyotherpublicservantfromdischarginghisdutyassuch
publicservant,orinconsequenceofanythingdoneorattemptedtobedonebythatpersoninthe
lawfuldischargeofhisdutyassuchpublicservant,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
334.Voluntarilycausinghurtonprovocation.Whoevervoluntarilycauseshurtongraveandsudden
provocation,ifheneitherintendsnorknowshimselftobelikelytocausehurttoanypersonother
thanthepersonwhogavetheprovocation,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescription
foratermwhichmayextendtoonemonth,orwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupees,or
withboth.
334.Voluntarilycausinghurtonprovocation.Whoevervoluntarilycauseshurtongraveandsudden
provocation,ifheneitherintendsnorknowshimselftobelikelytocausehurttoanypersonother
thanthepersonwhogavetheprovocation,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescription
foratermwhichmayextendtoonemonth,orwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupees,or
withboth.
335.Voluntarilycausinggrievoushurtonprovocation.Whoever1[voluntarily]causesgrievoushurt
ongraveandsuddenprovocation,ifheneitherintendsnorknowshimselftobelikelytocause
grievoushurttoanypersonotherthanthepersonwhogavetheprovocation,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtofouryears,orwithfinewhich
mayextendtotwothousandrupees,orwithboth.Explanation.Thelasttwosectionsaresubjectto
thesameprovisosasExplanation1,section300.
336.Actendangeringlifeorpersonalsafetyofothers.Whoeverdoesanyactsorashlyornegligently
astoendangerhumanlifeorthepersonalsafetyofothers,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreemonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendto
twohundredandfiftyrupees,orwithboth.
337.Causinghurtbyactendangeringlifeorpersonalsafetyofothers.Whoevercauseshurttoany
personbydoinganyactsorashlyornegligentlyastoendangerhumanlife,orthepersonalsafetyof
others,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosix
months,orwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupees,orwithboth.
338.Causinggrievoushurtbyactendangeringlifeorpersonalsafetyofothers.Whoevercauses
grievoushurttoanypersonbydoinganyactsorashlyornegligentlyastoendangerhumanlife,or
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thepersonalsafetyofothers,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfinewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
339.Wrongfulrestraint.Whoevervoluntarilyobstructsanypersonsoastopreventthatpersonfrom
proceedinginanydirectioninwhichthatpersonhasarighttoproceed,issaidwrongfullytorestrain
thatperson.
(Exception)Theobstructionofaprivatewayoverlandorwaterwhichapersoningoodfaith
believeshimselftohavealawfulrighttoobstruct,isnotanoffencewithinthemeaningofthis
section.IllustrationAobstructsapathalongwhichZhasarighttopass.Anotbelievingingood
faiththathehasarighttostopthepath.Zistherebypreventedfrompassing.Awrongfully
restrainsZ.
341.Punishmentforwrongfulrestraint.Whoeverwrongfullyrestrainsanypersonshallbepunished
withsimpleimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtoonemonth,orwithfinewhichmay
extendtofivehundredrupees,orwithboth.
342.Punishmentforwrongfulconfinement.Whoeverwrongfullyconfinesanypersonshallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtooneyear,orwith
finewhichmayextendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
343.Wrongfulconfinementforthreeormoredays.Whoeverwrongfullyconfinesanypersonfor
threedays,ormore,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
344.Wrongfulconfinementfortenormoredays.Whoeverwrongfullyconfinesanypersonforten
days,ormore,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
345.Wrongfulconfinementofpersonforwhoseliberationwrithasbeenissued.Whoeverkeepsany
personinwrongfulconfinement,knowingthatawritfortheliberationofthatpersonhasbeenduly
issued,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
twoyearsinadditiontoanytermofimprisonmenttowhichhemaybeliableunderanyothersection
ofthisChapter.
346.Wrongfulconfinementinsecret.Whoeverwrongfullyconfinesanypersoninsuchmannerasto
indicateanintentionthattheconfinementofsuchpersonmaynotbeknowntoanypersoninterested
inthepersonsoconfined,ortoanypublicservant,orthattheplaceofsuchconfinementmaynotbe
knowntoordiscoveredbyanysuchpersonorpublicservantashereinbeforementioned,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyearsin
additiontoanyotherpunishmenttowhichhemaybeliableforsuchwrongfulconfinement.
347.Wrongfulconfinementtoextortproperty,orconstraintoillegalact.Whoeverwrongfully
confinesanypersonforthepurposeofextortingfromthepersonconfined,orfromanyperson
interestedinthepersonconfined,anypropertyorvaluablesecurityorofconstrainingtheperson
confinedoranypersoninterestedinsuchpersontodoanythingillegalortogiveanyinformation
whichmayfacilitatethecommissionofanoffence,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
348.Wrongfulconfinementtoextortconfession,orcompelrestorationofproperty.Whoever
wrongfullyconfinesanypersonforthepurposeofextortingfromthepersonconfinedoranyperson
interestedinthepersonconfinedanyconfessionoranyinformationwhichmayleadtothedetection
ofanoffenceormisconduct,orforthepurposeofconstrainingthepersonconfinedoranyperson
interestedinthepersonconfinedtorestoreortocausetherestorationofanypropertyorvaluable
securityortosatisfyanyclaimordemand,ortogiveinformationwhichmayleadtotherestorationof
anypropertyorvaluablesecurity,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtothreeyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
349.Force.Apersonissaidtouseforcetoanotherifhecausesmotion,changeofmotion,or
cessationofmotiontothatother,orifhecausestoanysubstancesuchmotion,orchangeofmotion,
orcessationofmotionasbringsthatsubstanceintocontactwithanypartofthatothersbody,orwith
anythingwhichthatotheriswearingorcarrying,orwithanythingsosituatedthatsuchcontact
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affectsthatotherssenseoffeeling:Providedthatthepersoncausingthemotion,orchangeof
motion,orcessationofmotion,causesthatmotion,changeofmotion,orcessationofmotioninoneof
thethreewayshereinafterdescribed.
(First)Byhisownbodilypower.
(Secondly)Bydisposinganysubstanceinsuchamannerthatthemotionorchangeorcessation
ofmotiontakesplacewithoutanyfurtheractonhispart,oronthepartofanyotherperson.
(Thirdly)Byinducinganyanimaltomove,tochangeitsmotion,ortoceasetomove.
350.Criminalforce.Whoeverintentionallyusesforcetoanyperson,withoutthatpersonsconsent,
inordertothecommittingofanyoffence,orintendingbytheuseofsuchforcetocause,orknowingit
tobelikelythatbytheuseofsuchforcehewillcauseinjury,fearorannoyancetothepersontowhom
theforceisused,issaidtousecriminalforcetothatother.Illustrations
(a)Zissittinginamooredboatonariver.Aunfastensthemoorings,andthusintentionally
causestheboattodriftdownthestream.HereAintentionallycausesmotiontoZ,andhedoesthis
bydisposingsubstancesinsuchamannerthatthemotionisproducedwithoutanyotheracton
anypersonspart.AhasthereforeintentionallyusedforcetoZandifhehasdonesowithoutZs
consent,inordertothecommittingofanyoffence,orintendingorknowingittobelikelythatthis
useofforcewillcauseinjury,fearorannoyancetoZ,AhasusedcriminalforcetoZ.
(b)Zisridinginachariot.AlashesZshorses,andtherebycausesthemtoquickentheirpace.
HereZhascausedchangeofmotiontoZbyinducingtheanimalstochangetheirmotion.Ahas
thereforeusedforcetoZandifAhasdonethiswithoutZsconsent,intendingorknowingittobe
likelythathemaytherebyinjure,frightenorannoyZ,AhasusedcriminalforcetoZ.
(c)Zisridinginapalanquin.A,intendingtorobZ,seizesthepoleandstopsthepalanquin.Here
AhascausedcessationofmotiontoZ,andhehasdonethisbyhisownbodilypower.Ahas
thereforeusedforcetoZandasAhasactedthusintentionally,withoutZsconsent,inordertothe
commissionofanoffence.AhasusedcriminalforcetoZ.
(d)AintentionallypushesagainstZinthestreet.HereAhasbyhisownbodilypowermovedhis
ownpersonsoastobringitintocontactwithZ.HehasthereforeintentionallyusedforcetoZand
ifhehasdonesowithoutZsconsent,intendingorknowingittobelikelythathemaythereby
injure,frightenorannoyZ,hehasusedcriminalforcetoZ.
(e)Athrowsastone,intendingorknowingittobelikelythatthestonewillbethusbroughtinto
contactwithZ,orwithZsclothes,orwithsomethingcarriedbyZ,orthatitwillstrikewaterand
dashupthewateragainstZsclothesorsomethingcarriedbyZ.Here,ifthethrowingofthestone
producetheeffectofcausinganysubstancetocomeintocontactwithZ,orZsclothes.Ahasused
forcetoZandifhedidsowithoutZsconsent,intendingtherebytoinjure,frightenorannoyZ,he
hasusedcriminalforcetoZ.
(f)Aintentionallypullsupawomansveil.HereAintentionallyusesforcetoher,andifhedoesso
withoutherconsentintendingorknowingittobelikelythathemaytherebyinjure,frightenor
annoyher,hehasusedcriminalforcetoher.
(g)Zisbathing,Apoursintothebathwaterwhichheknowstobeboiling.HereAintentionallyby
hisownbodilypowercausessuchmotionintheboilingwaterasbringsthatwaterintocontact
withZ,orwithotherwatersosituatedthatsuchcontactmustaffectZssenseoffeelingAhas
thereforeintentionallyusedforcetoZandifhehasdonethiswithoutZsconsentintendingor
knowingittobelikelythathemaytherebycauseinjury,fear,orannoyancetoZ,Ahasused
criminalforce.
(h)AincitesadogtospringuponZ,withoutZsconsent.Here,ifAintendstocauseinjury,fearor
annoyancetoZ,heusescriminalforcetoZ.
351.Assault.Whoevermakesanygesture,oranypreparationintendingorknowingittobelikely
thatsuchgestureorpreparationwillcauseanypersonpresenttoapprehendthathewhomakesthat
gestureorpreparationisabouttousecriminalforcetothatperson,issaidtocommitanassault.
Explanation.Merewordsdonotamounttoanassault.Butthewordswhichapersonusesmaygive
tohisgesturesorpreparationsuchameaningasmaymakethosegesturesorpreparationsamountto
anassault.Illustrations
(a)AshakeshisfistatZ,intendingorknowingittobelikelythathemaytherebycauseZto
believethatAisabouttostrikeZ,Ahascommittedanassault.
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(b)Abeginstounloosethemuzzleofaferociousdog,intendingorknowingittobelikelythathe
maytherebycauseZtobelievethatheisabouttocausethedogtoattackZ.Ahascommittedan
assaultuponZ.
(c)Atakesupastick,sayingtoZ,Iwillgiveyouabeating.Here,thoughthewordsusedbyA
couldinnocaseamounttoanassault,andthoughthemeregesture,unaccompaniedbyanyother
circumstances,mightnotamounttoanassault,thegestureexplainedbythewordsmayamountto
anassault.
352.Punishmentforassaultorcriminalforceotherwisethanongraveprovocation.Whoever
assaultsorusescriminalforcetoanypersonotherwisethanongraveandsuddenprovocationgiven
bythatperson,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtothreemonths,orwithfinewhichmayextendtofivehundredrupees,orwithboth.
Explanation.Graveandsuddenprovocationwillnotmitigatethepunishmentforanoffenceunder
thissection.Iftheprovocationissoughtorvoluntarilyprovokedbytheoffenderasanexcuseforthe
offence,oriftheprovocationisgivenbyanythingdoneinobediencetothelaw,orbyapublic
servant,inthelawfulexerciseofthepowersofsuchpublicservant,oriftheprovocationisgivenby
anythingdoneinthelawfulexerciseoftherightofprivatedefence.Whethertheprovocationwas
graveandsuddenenoughtomitigatetheoffence,isaquestionoffact.
353.Assaultorcriminalforcetodeterpublicservantfromdischargeofhisduty.Whoeverassaults
orusescriminalforcetoanypersonbeingapublicservantintheexecutionofhisdutyassuchpublic
servant,orwithintenttopreventordeterthatpersonfromdischarginghisdutyassuchpublic
servant,orinconsequenceofanythingdoneorattemptedtobedonebysuchpersoninthelawful
dischargeofhisdutyassuchpublicservant,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
354.Assaultorcriminalforcetowomanwithintenttooutragehermodesty.Whoeverassaultsor
usescriminalforcetoanywoman,intendingtooutrageorknowingittobelikelythathewillthereby
outragehermodesty,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhich
mayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
355.Assaultorcriminalforcewithintenttodishonourperson,otherwisethanongraveprovocation.
Whoeverassaultsorusescriminalforcetoanyperson,intendingtherebytodishonourthatperson,
otherwisethanongraveandsuddenprovocationgivenbythatperson,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwith
both.
356.Assaultorcriminalforceinattempttocommittheftofpropertycarriedbyaperson.Whoever
assaultsorusescriminalforcetoanyperson,inattemptingtocommittheftonanypropertywhich
thatpersonisthenwearingorcarrying,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescription
foratermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
357.Assaultorcriminalforceinattemptwrongfullytoconfineaperson.Whoeverassaultsoruses
criminalforcetoanyperson,inattemptingwrongfullytoconfinethatperson,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtooneyear,orwithfinewhichmay
extendtoonethousandrupees,orwithboth.
358.Assaultorcriminalforceongraveprovocation.Whoeverassaultsorusescriminalforcetoany
personongraveandsuddenprovocationgivenbythatperson,shallbepunishedwithsimple
imprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtoonemonth,orwithfinewhichmayextendtotwo
hundredrupees,orwithboth.Explanation.ThelastsectionissubjecttothesameExplanationas
section352.
359.Kidnapping.Kidnappingisoftwokinds:kidnappingfrom1[India],andkidnappingfrom
lawfulguardianship.
360.KidnappingfromIndia.Whoeverconveysanypersonbeyondthelimitsof1[India]withoutthe
consentofthatperson,orofsomepersonlegallyauthorisedtoconsentonbehalfofthatperson,is
saidtokidnapthatpersonfrom1[India].

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361.Kidnappingfromlawfulguardianship.Whoevertakesorenticesanyminorunder1[sixteen]
yearsofageifamale,orunder2[eighteen]yearsofageifafemale,oranypersonofunsoundmind,
outofthekeepingofthelawfulguardianofsuchminororpersonofunsoundmind,withoutthe
consentofsuchguardian,issaidtokidnapsuchminororpersonfromlawfulguardianship.
Explanation.Thewordslawfulguardianinthissectionincludeanypersonlawfullyentrustedwith
thecareorcustodyofsuchminororotherperson.
(Exception)Thissectiondoesnotextendtotheactofanypersonwhoingoodfaithbelieves
himselftobethefatherofanillegitimatechild,orwhoingoodfaithbelieveshimselftobeentitled
tolawfulcustodyofsuchchild,unlesssuchactiscommittedforanimmoralorunlawfulpurpose.
STATEAMENDMENT
(Manipur)Insection361forthewordseighteensubstitutethewordfifteen.[VideManipur
Act30of1950,sec.3(w.e.f.1641950),readwithAct81of1971,sec.3(w.e.f.2511972)].
COMMENTSInducementnotimmediatecauseTheaccusedwaschargedforkidnappingaminor
girl,below15yearsofagefromthelawfulguardianshipofherfather.Itwasestablishedthatthe
accusedhadanearlierstagesolicitedorinducedminorgirltoleaveherfathersprotectionby
conveyingorindicatinganencouragingsuggestion,thathewouldgivehershelter.Holdingthe
accusedliableforkidnappingundersection363,theSupremeCourtsaidthatthemere
circumstancesthathisactwasnottheimmediatecauseofherleavingherparentalhomeor
guardianscustodywouldconstitutenovaliddefenceandwouldnotabsolvehimfromtheoffence
ofkidnapping.Thequestiontrulyfallsfordeterminationonthefactsandcircumstancesofeach
caseThakorilalDVadgamav.StateofGujarat,AIR1973SC2314:(1973)2SCC413.Lawful
guardianWherefactsindicatethatagirlleftherfathersprotection,knowingandhavingcapacity
toknowthefullimportofwhatshewasdoingandvoluntarilyjoinedtheaccused,theoffenceof
kidnappingcannotbesaidtohavebeenmadeoutS.Varadrajanv.StateofMadras,AIR1965SC
942.Useofwordkeeping:MeaningofTheuseofthewordkeepinginthecontextconnotesthe
ideaofcharge,protection,maintenanceandcontrolfurthertheguardianschargeandcontrol
appearstobecompatiblewiththeindependenceofactionandmovementintheminor,the
guardiansprotectionandcontroloftheminorbeingavailable,whenevernecessityarises.On
plainreadingofthissectiontheconsentoftheminorwhoistakenorenticediswhollyimmaterial:
itisonlytheguardiansconsentwhichtakesthecaseoutofitspurview.Norisitnecessarythat
thetakingorenticingmustbeshowntohavebeenbymeansofforceorfraud.Persuasionbythe
accusedpersonwhichcreateswillingnessonthepartoftheminortobetakenoutofthekeepingof
thelawfulguardianwouldbesufficienttoattractthesectionPrakashv.StateofHaryana,AIR
2004SC227.
362.Abduction.Whoeverbyforcecompels,orbyanydeceitfulmeansinduces,anypersontogo
fromanyplace,issaidtoabductthatperson.
363.Punishmentforkidnapping.Whoeverkidnapsanypersonfrom1[India]orfromlawful
guardianship,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
1[363A.Kidnappingormaimingaminorforpurposesofbegging.
(1)Whoeverkidnapsanyminoror,notbeingthelawfulguardianofaminor,obtainsthecustody
oftheminor,inorderthatsuchminormaybeemployedorusedforthepurposeofbeggingshall
bepunishablewithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,
andshallalsobeliabletofine.
(2)Whoevermaimsanyminorinorderthatsuchminormaybeemployedorusedforthe
purposesofbeggingshallbepunishablewithimprisonmentforlife,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
(3)Whereanyperson,notbeingthelawfulguardianofaminor,employsorusessuchminorfor
thepurposesofbegging,itshallbepresumed,unlessthecontraryisproved,thathekidnappedor
otherwiseobtainedthecustodyofthatminorinorderthattheminormightbeemployedorused
forthepurposesofbegging.
(4)Inthissection,
(a)beggingmeans
(i)solicitingorreceivingalmsinapublicplace,whetherunderthepretenceofsinging,
dancing,fortunetelling,performingtricksorsellingarticlesorotherwise
(ii)enteringonanyprivatepremisesforthepurposeofsolicitingorreceivingalms
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(iii)exposingorexhibiting,withtheobjectofobtainingorextortingalms,anysore,
wound,injury,deformityordisease,whetherofhimselforofanyotherpersonorofan
animal
(iv)usingaminorasanexhibitforthepurposeofsolicitingorreceivingalms
(b)minormeans
(i)inthecaseofamale,apersonundersixteenyearsofageand
(ii)inthecaseofafemale,apersonundereighteenyearsofage.]

364.Kidnappingorabductinginordertomurder.Whoeverkidnapsorabductsanypersoninorder
thatsuchpersonmaybemurderedormaybesodisposedofastobeputindangerofbeingmur
dered,shallbepunishedwith1[imprisonmentforlife]orrigorousimprisonmentforatermwhich
mayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.Illustrations
(a)AkidnapsZfrom2[India],intendingorknowingittobelikelythatZmaybesacrificedtoan
idol.Ahascommittedtheoffencedefinedinthissection.
(b)AforciblycarriesorenticesBawayfromhishomeinorderthatBmaybemurdered.Ahas
committedtheoffencedefinedinthissection.CLASSIFICATIONOFOFFENCEPunishment
Imprisonmentforlife,orrigorousimprisonmentfor10yearsandfineCognizableNonbailable
TriablebyCourtofSessionNoncompoundable.
1[364A.Kidnappingforransom,etc.Whoeverkidnapsorabductsanypersonorkeepsapersonin
detentionaftersuchkidnappingorabductionandthreatenstocausedeathorhurttosuchperson,or
byhisconductgivesrisetoareasonableapprehensionthatsuchpersonmaybeputtodeathorhurt,
orcauseshurtordeathtosuchpersoninordertocompeltheGovernmentor2[anyforeignStateor
internationalintergovernmentalorganisationoranyotherperson]todoorabstainfromdoingany
actortopayaransom,shallbepunishablewithdeath,orimprisonmentforlife,andshallalsobe
liabletofine.]
365.Kidnappingorabductingwithintentsecretlyandwrongfullytoconfineperson.Whoever
kidnapsorabductsanypersonwithintenttocausethatpersontobesecretlyandwrongfullycon
fined,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
sevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
366.Kidnapping,abductingorinducingwomantocompelhermarriage,etc.Whoeverkidnapsor
abductsanywomanwithintentthatshemaybecompelled,orknowingittobelikelythatshewillbe
compelled,tomarryanypersonagainstherwill,orinorderthatshemaybeforcedorseducedto
illicitintercourse,orknowingittobelikelythatshewillbeforcedorseducedtoillicitintercourse,
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,
andshallalsobeliabletofine1[andwhoever,bymeansofcriminalintimidationasdefinedinthis
Codeorofabuseofauthorityoranyothermethodofcompulsion,inducesanywomantogofromany
placewithintentthatshemaybe,orknowingthatitislikelythatshewillbe,forcedorseducedto
illicitintercoursewithanotherpersonshallbepunishableasaforesaid].
1[366A.Procurationofminorgirl.Whoever,byanymeanswhatsoever,inducesanyminorgirl
undertheageofeighteenyearstogofromanyplaceortodoanyactwithintentthatsuchgirlmay
be,orknowingthatitislikelythatshewillbe,forcedorseducedtoillicitintercoursewithanother
personshallbepunishablewithimprisonmentwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobe
liabletofine.]
1[366B.Importationofgirlfromforeigncountry.Whoeverimportsinto2[India]fromanycountry
outsideIndia3[orfromtheStateofJammuandKashmir]anygirlundertheageoftwentyoneyears
withintentthatshemaybe,orknowingittobelikelythatshewillbe,forcedorseducedtoillicit
intercoursewithanotherperson,4[***]shallbepunishablewithimprisonmentwhichmayextendto
tenyearsandshallalsobeliabletofine.]
367.Kidnappingorabductinginordertosubjectpersontogrievoushurt,slavery,etc.Whoever
kidnapsorabductsanypersoninorderthatsuchpersonmaybesubjected,ormaybesodisposedof
astobeputindangerofbeingsubjecttogrievoushurt,orslavery,ortotheunnaturallustofany
person,orknowingittobelikelythatsuchpersonwillbesosubjectedordisposedof,shallbe
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punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,and
shallalsobeliabletofine.
368.Wrongfullyconcealingorkeepinginconfinement,kidnappedorabductedperson.Whoever,
knowingthatanypersonhasbeenkidnappedorhasbeenabducted,wrongfullyconcealsorconfines
suchperson,shallbepunishedinthesamemannerasifhehadkidnappedorabductedsuchperson
withthesameintentionorknowledge,orforthesamepurposeasthatwithorforwhichheconceals
ordetainssuchpersoninconfinement.
369.Kidnappingorabductingchildundertenyearswithintenttostealfromitsperson.Whoever
kidnapsorabductsanychildundertheageoftenyearswiththeintentionoftakingdishonestlyany
movablepropertyfromthepersonofsuchchild,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
370.Buyingordisposingofanypersonasaslave.Whoeverimports,exports,removes,buys,sellsor
disposesofanypersonasaslave,oraccepts,receivesordetainsagainsthiswillanypersonasa
slave,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
sevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
371.Habitualdealinginslaves.Whoeverhabituallyimports,exports,removes,buys,sells,traffics
ordealsinslaves,shallbepunishedwith1[imprisonmentforlife],orwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermnotexceedingtenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
372.Sellingminorforpurposesofprostitution,etc.Whoeversells,letstohire,orotherwisedisposes
ofany1[personundertheageofeighteenyearswithintentthatsuchpersonshallatanyagebe
employedorusedforthepurposeofprostitutionorillicitintercoursewithanypersonorforany
unlawfulandimmoralpurpose,orknowingittobelikelythatsuchpersonwillatanyagebe]
employedorusedforanysuchpurpose,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescription
foratermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallbeliabletofine.2[ExplanationI.Whena
femaleundertheageofeighteenyearsissold,letforhire,orotherwisedisposedoftoaprostituteor
toanypersonwhokeepsormanagesabrothel,thepersonsodisposingofsuchfemaleshall,untilthe
contraryisproved,bepresumedtohavedisposedofherwiththeintentthatsheshallbeusedforthe
purposeofprostitution.ExplanationII.Forthepurposesofthissectionillicitintercoursemeans
sexualintercoursebetweenpersonsnotunitedbymarriageorbyanyunionortiewhich,thoughnot
amountingtoamarriage,isrecognisedbythepersonallaworcustomofthecommunitytowhich
theybelongor,wheretheybelongtodifferentcommunities,ofbothsuchcommunities,as
constitutingbetweenthemaquasimaritalrelation.]
373.Buyingminorforpurposesofprostitution,etc.Whoeverbuys,hiresorotherwiseobtains
possessionofany1[personundertheageofeighteenyearswithintentthatsuchpersonshallatany
agebeemployedorusedforthepurposeofprostitutionorillicitintercoursewithanypersonorfor
anyunlawfulandimmoralpurpose,ofknowingittobelikelythatsuchpersonwillatanyagebe]
employedorusedforanypurpose,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.2[ExplanationI.Anyprostitute
oranypersonkeepingormanagingabrothel,whobuys,hiresorotherwiseobtainspossessionofa
femaleundertheageofeighteenyearsshall,untilthecontraryisproved,bepresumedtohave
obtainedpossessionofsuchfemalewiththeintentthatsheshallbeusedforthepurposeof
prostitution.ExplanationII.Illicitintercoursehasthesamemeaningasinsection372.]
374.Unlawfulcompulsorylabour.Whoeverunlawfullycompelsanypersontolabouragainstthewill
ofthatperson,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtooneyear,orwithfine,orwithboth.
1[375.Rape.Amanissaidtocommitrapewho,exceptinthecasehereinafterexcepted,has
sexualintercoursewithawomanundercircumstancesfallingunderanyofthesixfollowingde
scriptions:
(First)Againstherwill.
(Secondly)Withoutherconsent.
(Thirdly)Withherconsent,whenherconsenthasbeenobtainedbyputtingheroranyperson
inwhomsheisinterestedinfearofdeathorofhurt.
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(Fourthly)Withherconsent,whenthemanknowsthatheisnotherhusband,andthather
consentisgivenbecauseshebelievesthatheisanothermantowhomsheisorbelievesherselfto
belawfullymarried.
(Fifthly)Withherconsent,when,atthetimeofgivingsuchconsent,byreasonofunsoundness
ofmindorintoxicationortheadministrationbyhimpersonallyorthroughanotherofanystupe
fyingorunwholesomesubstance,sheisunabletounderstandthenatureandconsequencesofthat
towhichshegivesconsent.
(Sixthly)Withorwithoutherconsent,whensheisundersixteenyearsofage.Explanation.
Penetrationissufficienttoconstitutethesexualintercoursenecessarytotheoffenceofrape.
(Exception)Sexualintercoursebyamanwithhisownwife,thewifenotbeingunderfifteen
yearsofage,isnotrape.]STATEAMENDMENT
(Manipur)(a)inclausesixthly,forthewordsixteensubstitutethewordfourteenand
(b)intheException,forthewordfifteensubstitutethewordthirteen.[VideAct30of
1950,sec.3(w.e.f.1641950)(madeearlierthanAct43of1983)].COMMENTSAbsenceof
injuryonmaleorganofaccusedWhereaprosecutrixisaminorgirlsufferingfrompaindueto
rupturedhymenandbleedingvaginadepictssame,minorcontradictionsinherstatements
theyarenotofmuchvalue,alsoabsenceofanyinjuryonmaleorganofaccusedisnovalid
groundforinnocenceofaccused,convictionundersection375I.P.C.properMohd.Zuber
NoorMohammedChangwadiav.StateofGujarat,1999CrLJ3419(Guj).PenetrationMere
absenceofspermatozoacannotcastadoubtonthecorrectnessoftheprosecutioncasePrithi
Chandv.StateofHimachalPradesh,(1989)CrLJ841:AIR1989SC702.
1[376.Punishmentforrape.
(1)Whoever,exceptinthecasesprovidedforbysubsection(2),commitsrapeshallbepunished
withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichshallnotbelessthansevenyearsbut
whichmaybeforlifeorforatermwhichmayextendtotenyearsandshallalsobeliabletofine
unlessthewomenrapedishisownwifeandisnotundertwelveyearsofage,inwhichcases,he
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwo
yearsorwithfineorwithboth:Providedthatthecourtmay,foradequateandspecialreasonsto
bementionedinthejudgment,imposeasentenceofimprisonmentforatermoflessthanseven
years.
(2)Whoever,
(a)beingapoliceofficercommitsrape
(i)withinthelimitsofthepolicestationtowhichheisappointedor
(ii)inthepremisesofanystationhousewhetherornotsituatedinthepolicestationto
whichheisappointedor
(iii)onawomaninhiscustodyorinthecustodyofapoliceofficersubordinatetohim
or
(b)beingapublicservant,takesadvantageofhisofficialpositionandcommitsrapeona
womaninhiscustodyassuchpublicservantorinthecustodyofapublicservantsubordinate
tohimor
(c)beingonthemanagementoronthestaffofajail,remandhomeorotherplaceofcustody
establishedbyorunderanylawforthetimebeinginforceorofawomansorchildrensinsti
tutiontakesadvantageofhisofficialpositionandcommitsrapeonanyinmateofsuchjail,
remandhome,placeorinstitutionor
(d)beingonthemanagementoronthestaffofahospital,takesadvantageofhisofficial
positionandcommitsrapeonawomaninthathospitalor
(e)commitsrapeonawomanknowinghertobepregnantor
(f)commitsrapeonawomanwhensheisundertwelveyearsofageor
(g)commitsgangrape,shallbepunishedwithrigorousimprisonmentforatermwhichshall
notbelessthantenyearsbutwhichmaybeforlifeandshallalsobeliabletofine:Provided
thattheCourtmay,foradequateandspecialreasonstobementionedinthejudgment,
imposeasentenceofimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermoflessthantenyears.
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Explanation1.Whereawomanisrapedbyoneormoreinagroupofpersonsactingin
furtheranceoftheircommonintention,eachofthepersonsshallbedeemedtohave
committedgangrapewithinthemeaningofthissubsection.Explanation2.Womensor
childrensinstitutionmeansaninstitution,whethercalledanorphanageorahomefor
neglectedwomanorchildrenorawidowshomeorbyanyothername,whichisestablished
andmaintainedforthereceptionandcareofwomanorchildren.Explanation3.Hospital
meanstheprecinctsofthehospitalandincludestheprecinctsofanyinstitutionforthe
receptionandtreatmentofpersonsduringconvalescenceorofpersonsrequiringmedical
attentionorrehabilitation.]
1[376A.Intercoursebyamanwithhiswifeduringseparation.Whoeverhassexualintercoursewith
hisownwife,whoislivingseparatelyfromhimunderadecreeofseparationorunderanycustomor
usagewithoutherconsentshallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtotwoyearsandshallalsobeliabletofine.]
1[376B.Intercoursebypublicservantwithwomaninhiscustody.Whoever,beingapublicservant,
takesadvantageofhisofficialpositionandinducesorseduces,anywoman,whoisinhiscustodyas
suchpublicservantorinthecustodyofapublicservantsubordinatetohim,tohavesexual
intercoursewithhim,suchsexualintercoursenotamountingtotheoffenceofrape,shallbepunished
withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtofiveyearsandshallalsobe
liabletofine.]
316[376C.Intercoursebysuperintendentofjail,remandhome,etc.Whoever,beingthe

superintendentormanagerofajail,remandhomeorotherplaceofcustodyestablishedbyorunder
anylawforthetimebeinginforceorofawomansorchildrensinstitutiontakesadvantageofhis
officialpositionandinducesorseducesanyfemaleinmateofsuchjail,remandhome,placeor
institutiontohavesexualintercoursewithhim,suchsexualintercoursenotamountingtotheoffence
ofrape,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendto
fiveyearsandshallalsobeliabletofine.Explanation1.Superintendentinrelationtojail,remand
homeorotherplaceofcustodyorawomensorchildrensinstitutionincludesapersonholdingany
otherofficeinsuchjail,remandhome,placeorinstitutionbyvirtueofwhichhecanexerciseany
authorityorcontroloveritsinmates.Explanation2.Theexpressionwomensorchildrensinstitu
tionshallhavethesamemeaningasinExplanation2tosubsection(2)ofsection376.]
1[376D.Intercoursebyanymemberofthemanagementorstaffofahospitalwithanywomaninthat
hospital.Whoever,beingonthemanagementofahospitalorbeingonthestaffofahospitaltakes
advantageofhispositionandhassexualintercoursewithanywomaninthathospital,suchsexual
intercoursenotamountingtotheoffenceofrape,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtofiveyearsandshallalsobeliabletofine.Explanation.
TheexpressionhospitalshallhavethesamemeaningasinExplanation3tosubsection(2)of
section376.]
377.Unnaturaloffences.Whoevervoluntarilyhascarnalintercourseagainsttheorderofnaturewith
anyman,womanoranimal,shallbepunishedwith1[imprisonmentforlife],orwithimprisonment
ofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
Explanation.Penetrationissufficienttoconstitutethecarnalintercoursenecessarytotheoffence
describedinthissection.
378.Theft.Whoever,intendingtotakedishonestlyanymoveablepropertyoutofthepossessionof
anypersonwithoutthatpersonsconsent,movesthatpropertyinordertosuchtaking,issaidto
committheft.Explanation1.Athingsolongasitisattachedtotheearth,notbeingmovable
property,isnotthesubjectoftheftbutitbecomescapableofbeingthesubjectoftheftassoonasit
isseveredfromtheearth.Explanation2.Amovingeffectedbythesameactwhichaffectsthe
severancemaybeatheft.Explanation3.Apersonissaidtocauseathingtomovebyremovingan
obstaclewhichpreventeditfrommovingorbyseparatingitfromanyotherthing,aswellasby
actuallymovingit.Explanation4.Aperson,whobyanymeanscausesananimaltomove,issaidto
movethatanimal,andtomoveeverythingwhich,inconsequenceofthemotionsocaused,ismoved
bythatanimal.Explanation5.Theconsentmentionedinthedefinitionmaybeexpressorimplied,
andmaybegiveneitherbythepersoninpossession,orbyanypersonhavingforthatpurpose
authorityeitherexpressorimplied.Illustrations
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(a)AcutsdownatreeonZsground,withtheintentionofdishonestlytakingthetreeoutofZs
possessionwithoutZsconsent.Here,assoonasAhasseveredthetreeinordertosuchtaking,he
hascommittedtheft.
(b)Aputsabaitfordogsinhispocket,andthusinducesZsdogtofollowit.Here,ifAsintention
bedishonestlytotakethedogoutofZspossessionwithoutZsconsent.Ahascommittedtheftas
soonasZsdoghasbeguntofollowA.
(c)Ameetsabullockcarryingaboxoftreasure.Hedrivesthebullockinacertaindirection,in
orderthathemaydishonestlytakethetreasure.Assoonasthebullockbeginstomove,Ahas
committedtheftofthetreasure.
(d)A,beingZsservant,andentrustedbyZwiththecareofZsplate,dishonestlyrunsawaywith
theplate,withoutZsconsent.Ahascommittedtheft.
(e)Z,goingonajourney,entrustshisplatetoA,thekeeperofthewarehouse,tillZshallreturn.A
carriestheplatetoagoldsmithandsellsit.HeretheplatewasnotinZspossession.Itcouldnot
thereforebetakenoutofZspossession,andAhasnotcommittedtheft,thoughhemayhave
committedcriminalbreachoftrust.
(f)AfindsaringbelongingtoZonatableinthehousewhichZoccupies.HeretheringisinZs
possession,andifAdishonestlyremovesit,Acommitstheft.
(g)Afindsaringlyingonthehighroad,notinthepossessionofanyperson.Abytakingit,
commitsnotheft,thoughhemaycommitcriminalmisappropriationofproperty.
(h)AseesaringbelongingtoZlyingonatableinZshouse.Notventuringtomisappropriatethe
ringimmediatelyforfearofsearchanddetection,Ahidestheringinaplacewhereitishighly
improbablethatitwilleverbefoundbyZ,withtheintentionoftakingtheringfromthehiding
placeandsellingitwhenthelossisforgotten.HereA,atthetimeoffirstmovingthering,commits
theft.
(i)AdelivershiswatchtoZ,ajeweller,toberegulated.Zcarriesittohisshop.A,notowingtothe
jewelleranydebtforwhichthejewellermightlawfullydetainthewatchasasecurity,entersthe
shopopenly,takeshiswatchbyforceoutofZshand,andcarriesitaway.HereA,thoughhemay
havecommittedcriminaltrespassandassault,hasnotcommittedtheft,inasmuchaswhathedid
wasnotdonedishonestly.
(j)IfAowesmoneytoZforrepairingthewatch,andifZretainsthewatchlawfullyasasecurity
forthedebt,andAtakesthewatchoutofZspossession,withtheintentionofdeprivingZofthe
propertyasasecurityforhisdebt,hecommitstheft,inasmuchashetakesitdishonestly.
(k)Again,ifA,havingpawnedhiswatchtoZ,takesitoutofZspossessionwithoutZsconsent,
nothavingpaidwhatheborrowedonthewatch,hecommitstheft,thoughthewatchishisown
propertyinasmuchashetakesitdishonestly.
(l)AtakesanarticlebelongingtoZoutofZspossession,withoutZsconsent,withtheintentionof
keepingituntilheobtainsmoneyfromZasarewardforitsrestoration.HereAtakesdishonestly
Ahasthereforecommittedtheft.
(m)A,beingonfriendlytermswithZ,goesintoZslibraryinZsabsence,andtakesawayabook
withoutZsexpressconsentforthepurposemerelyofreadingit,andwiththeintentionof
returningit.Here,itisprobablethatAmayhaveconceivedthathehadZsimpliedconsenttouse
Zsbook.IfthiswasAsimpression,Ahasnotcommittedtheft.
(n)AaskscharityfromZswife.ShegivesAmoney,foodandclothes,whichAknowstobelongto
Zherhusband.HereitisprobablethatAmayconceivethatZswifeisauthorisedtogiveaway
alms.IfthiswasAsimpression,Ahasnotcommittedtheft.
(o)AistheparamourofZswife.Shegivesavaluableproperty,whichAknowstobelongtoher
husbandZ,andtobesuchpropertyasshehasnoauthorityfromZtogive.IfAtakestheproperty
dishonestly,hecommitstheft.
(p)A,ingoodfaith,believingpropertybelongingtoZtobeAsownproperty,takesthatproperty
outofBspossession.Here,asAdoesnottakedishonestly,hedoesnotcommittheft.Comments
IngredientsThedelayinhearingofappealforlongperiodisnocausefornotinterferingwithan
orderofacquittalwhichwasbasedonconjecturesandsurmises,resultingingrossfailureof
justiceStateofRajasthanv.Shanker,2000CrLJ266(Raj).TakingneednotbepermanentItis
notnecessarythatthetakingshouldbeofapermanentcharacter,orthattheaccusedshouldhave
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derivedanyprofit.AtemporaryremovalofanofficefilefromtheofficeofaChiefEngineerand
makingitavailabletoaprivatepersonforadayortwoamountstotheoffenceoftheftPyareLal
Bhargavav.StateofRajasthan,AIR1963SC1094.
379.Punishmentfortheft.Whoevercommitstheftshallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
380.Theftindwellinghouse,etc.Whoevercommitstheftinanybuilding,tentorvessel,which
building,tentorvesselisusedasahumandwelling,orusedforthecustodyofproperty,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,and
shallalsobeliabletofine.
381.Theftbyclerkorservantofpropertyinpossessionofmaster.Whoever,beingaclerkorservant,
orbeingemployedinthecapacityofaclerkorservant,commitstheftinrespectofanypropertyin
thepossessionofhismasteroremployer,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescription
foratermwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
382.Theftafterpreparationmadeforcausingdeath,hurtorrestraintinordertothecommittingof
thetheft.Whoevercommitstheft,havingmadepreparationforcausingdeath,orhurt,orrestraint,
orfearofdeath,orofhurt,orofrestraint,toanyperson,inordertothecommittingofsuchtheft,orin
ordertotheeffectingofhisescapeafterthecommittingofsuchtheft,orinordertotheretainingof
propertytakenbysuchtheft,shallbepunishedwithrigorousimprisonmentforatermwhichmay
extendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.Illustrations
(a)AcommitstheftonpropertyinZspossessionand,whilecommittingthistheft,hehasa
loadedpistolunderhisgarment,havingprovidedthispistolforthepurposeofhurtingZincaseZ
shouldresist.Ahascommittedtheoffencedefinedinthissection.
(b)ApicksZspocket,havingpostedseveralofhiscompanionsnearhim,inorderthattheymay
restrainZ,ifZshouldperceivewhatispassingandshouldresist,orshouldattempttoapprehend
A.Ahascommittedtheoffencedefinedinthissection.CLASSIFICATIONOFOFFENCE
PunishmentRigorousimprisonmentfor10yearsandfineCognizableNonbailableTriable
byMagistrateofthefirstclassNoncompoundable.
383.Extortion.Whoeverintentionallyputsanypersoninfearofanyinjurytothatperson,ortoany
other,andtherebydishonestlyinducesthepersonsoputinfeartodelivertoanypersonanyproperty
orvaluablesecurity,oranythingsignedorsealedwhichmaybeconvertedintoavaluablesecurity,
commitsextortion.Illustrations
(a)AthreatenstopublishadefamatorylibelconcerningZunlessZgiveshimmoney.Hethus
inducesZtogivehimmoney.Ahascommittedextortion.
(b)AthreatensZthathewillkeepZschildinwrongfulconfinement,unlessZwillsignanddeliver
toAapromissorynotebindingZtopaycertainmoniestoA.Zsignsanddeliversthenote.Ahas
committedextortion.
(c)AthreatenstosendclubmentoploughupZsfieldunlessZwillsignanddelivertoBabond
bindingZunderapenaltytodelivercertainproducetoB,andtherebyinducesZtosignand
deliverthebond.Ahascommittedextortion.
(d)A,byputtingZinfearofgrievoushurt,dishonestlyinducesZtosignoraffixhissealtoablank
paperanddeliverittoA.ZsignsanddeliversthepapertoA.Here,asthepapersosignedmaybe
convertedintoavaluablesecurity.Ahascommittedextortion.
384.Punishmentforextortion.Whoevercommitsextortionshallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyears,orwithfine,orwithboth.
385.Puttingpersoninfearofinjuryinordertocommitextortion.Whoever,inordertothe
committingofextortion,putsanypersoninfear,orattemptstoputanypersoninfear,ofanyinjury,
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwoyears,
orwithfine,orwithboth.
386.Extortionbyputtingapersoninfearofdeathorgrievoushurt.Whoevercommitsextortionby
puttinganypersoninfearofdeathorofgrievoushurtothatpersonortoanyother,shallbepunished
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withimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobe
liabletofine.
387.Puttingpersoninfearofdeathorofgrievoushurt,inordertocommitextortion.Whoever,in
ordertothecommittingofextortion,putsorattemptstoputanypersoninfearofdeathorofgrievous
hurttothatpersonortoanyother,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionfora
termwhichmayextendtosevenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
388.Extortionbythreatofaccusationofanoffencepunishablewithdeathorimprisonmentforlife,
etc.Whoevercommitsextortionbyputtinganypersoninfearofanaccusationagainstthatperson
oranyother,ofhavingcommittedorattemptedtocommitanyoffencepunishablewithdeath,orwith
1[imprisonmentforlife],orwithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtotenyearsorofhaving
attemptedtoinduceanyotherpersontocommitsuchoffence,shallbepunishedwithimprisonment
ofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofineand,if
theoffencebeonepunishableundersection377ofthisCode,maybepunishedwith1[imprisonment
forlife].
389.Puttingpersoninfearofaccusationofoffence,inordertocommitextortion.Whoever,inorder
tothecommittingofextortion,putsorattemptstoputanypersoninfearofanaccusation,against
thatpersonoranyother,ofhavingcommitted,orattemptedtocommitanoffencepunishablewith
deathorwith1[imprisonmentforlife],orwithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtoten
years,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtoten
years,andshallalsobeliabletofineand,iftheoffencebepunishableundersection377ofthis
Code,maybepunishedwith1[imprisonmentforlife].
390.Robbery.Inallrobberythereiseithertheftorextortion.Whentheftisrobbery.Theftis
robberyif,inordertothecommittingofthetheft,orincommittingthetheft,orincarryingawayor
attemptingtocarryawaypropertyobtainedbythetheft,theoffender,forthatend,voluntarilycauses
orattemptstocausetoanypersondeathorhurtorwrongfulrestraint,orfearofinstantdeathorof
instanthurt,orofinstantwrongfulrestraint.Whenextortionisrobbery.Extortionisrobberyifthe
offender,atthetimeofcommittingtheextortion,isinthepresenceofthepersonputinfear,and
commitstheextortionbyputtingthatpersoninfearofinstantdeath,ofinstanthurt,orofinstant
wrongfulrestrainttothatpersonortosomeotherperson,and,bysoputtinginfear,inducesthe
personsoputinfearthenandtheretodeliverupthethingextorted.Explanation.Theoffenderis
saidtobepresentifheissufficientlyneartoputtheotherpersoninfearofinstantdeath,ofinstant
hurt,orofinstantwrongfulrestraint.Illustrations
(a)AholdsZdownandfraudulentlytakesZsmoneyandjewelsfromZsclotheswithoutZs
consent.HereAhascommittedtheft,andinordertothecommittingofthattheft,hasvoluntarily
causedwrongfulrestrainttoZ.Ahasthereforecommittedrobbery.
(b)AmeetsZonthehighroads,showsapistol,anddemandsZspurse.Zinconsequence,
surrendershispurse.HereAhasextortedthepursefromZbyputtinghiminfearofinstanthurt,
andbeingatthetimeofcommittingtheextortioninhispresence.Ahasthereforecommitted
robbery.
(c)AmeetsZandZschildonthehighroad.Atakesthechildandthreatenstoflingitdowna
precipice,unlessZdelivershispurse.Z,inconsequencedelivershispurse.HereAhasextorted
thepursefromZ,bycausingZtobeinfearofinstanthurttothechildwhoistherepresent.Ahas
thereforecommittedrobberyonZ.
(d)AobtainspropertyfromZbysayingYourchildisinthehandsofmygang,andwillbeputto
deathunlessyousendustenthousandrupees.Thisisextortion,andpunishableassuchbutitis
notrobbery,unlessZisputinfearoftheinstantdeathofhischild.COMMENTSInorderthat
theftmayconstituterobbery,prosecutionhastoestablish
(a)ifinordertothecommittingoftheftor
(b)incommittingthetheftor
(c)incarryingawayorattemptingtocarryawaypropertyobtainedbytheft
(d)theoffenderforthatendi.e.anyoftheendscontemplatedby(a)to(c)
(e)voluntarilycausesorattemptstocausetoanypersondeathorhurtorwrongfulrestraintorfear
ofinstantdeathorofinstanthurtorinstantwrongfulrestraint.Inotherwords,theftwouldonlybe
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robberyifforanyoftheendsmentionedin(a)to(c)theoffendervoluntarilycausesorattemptsto
causetoanypersondeathorhurtorwrongfulrestraintorfearofinstantdeathorofinstanthurtor
instantwrongfulrestraint.Iftheendsdoesnotfallwithin(a)to(c)but,theoffenderstillcausesor
attemptstocausetoanypersondeathorhurtorwrongfulrestraintorfearofinstantdeathorof
instanthurtorinstantwrongfulrestraint,theoffencewouldnotberobbery.That(a)or(b)or(c)
havetober

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