SEMANTIC

Sense Relation

WRITTEN BY:
AHMAD NUR
ARIFIN
DARMILAWATI
MOHD. ERFAN
QUSNUL QOTIMAH
WAHYU SUCIATI

ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR
2016

PREFACE
First of all we would like to say thanks to almighty god Allah SWT. who has given his
blessing to our group for finishing this assignment entitled Sense Relation and we dont
forget to give sholawat to our prophet Muhammad SAW. as the final messenger who had
brought us from the darkness to the lightness and also we would like to say thank you to Ms.
Muftihaturarahmah Burhamzah S.s., M.Hum. as the lecturer of Semantic subject, because
believe us to finishing this assignment. The writers realized this assignment is not perfect.
But we hope it can be useful for all readers. Critics and suggestion is needed here to make
this assignment be better.
Samata, December 21, 2016

Writers

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface................................................................................................................................i
Table of Contents...............................................................................................................ii
Chapter I............................................................................................................................1
A Background............................................................................................................1
B Problem Questions.................................................................................................1
C Purpose..................................................................................................................1
Chapter II...........................................................................................................................2
A Definition...............................................................................................................2
B The Types of Ideology...........................................................................................2
Chapter III..........................................................................................................................5
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................5
References........................................................................................................................iii

CHAPTER I
A Background
Linguistic is a scientific study of language (Wardhaugh 1972:213). In linguistic there
are four major branch they are Phonology which elaborating about how sound can be
produced in human vocal, Morphology which Explaining how word can be formed, Syntax
which telling about the relation between word and word group and Semantic which dealing
with meaning.
In this chance the writer will elaborated about the semantic specially the word
formation in order to give better understanding about this material.

B Problem Questions
1 What is Sense Relation?
2 What are the Sense Relation?
C Purpose
1 To know what Sense Relation is.
2 To know the Sense Relation.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. Definition of Sense Relation
Sense relation is a paradigmatic relation between words or predicates. There are several
kinds of sense relations as a result of the semantic relatedness between the form and meaning
and between two meanings which will be discussed in the following.
Sense relations include: synonymy, paraphrase, hyponymy, entailment, antonym, and
ambiguity.
B. Types of Sense Relation
1. Synonymy
Synonymy is the state or phenomenon in which the words that sound different
(different in pronunciation) but have the same meaning as another word or phrase
The concrete from of synonymy is called synonym
Ex:
Small=little
Big=Large
2. Paraphrase
Paraphrase of a sentence is a sentence which express the same proposition as another
sentences
For Example Bachelors prefer red haired girls is a paraphrase of Girls with red haired
are preferred by unmarried men.
3. Hyponymy
Hyponymy is the state or phenomenon that shows the relationship between more
general term (lexical representation) and the more specific instances of it. The concrete forms
of sets of word (the specific instances) are called hyponyms
Ex:
The lexical representation of red, yellow, green, blue, purple, black, is [+color]
2

So, we could conclude that: red is hyponym of color and so on.

4. Entailment
The concept of entailment can be explained as follows: A proposition X entails a
proposition Y if the truth of Y follows necessarily from the truth X, For example, John killed
Bill(X) entails BILL Died(Y).
5. Antonymy
Antonymy is traditionally defined as simply oppositeness of meaning this definition is
not adequate. Because words may be opposite in meaning in different ways, and some words
have no real opposites. There are four types of antonyms namely binary antonyms, converses,
gradable, antonyms, and contradictories.
Binary antonyms
Binary antonyms come in pairs and between them exhausted all the relevant
possibilities. If one is applicable, the other cannot be, and verse versa.
Examples: true false
dead alive
married unmarried
same different
Converses
Conversances if a lexeme describes a relationship between two things (or people) and
some other lexeme describes the same relationship when the two things are mentioned in the
opposite order, then the two lexemes are CONVERSES of each other.
Example: bellow above
conceal reveal

love hate
own belong to

Gradable Antonyms
Two lexemes are gradable antonyms if they are at opposite ends of a continuous scale
of values (a scale which typically varies according to the context of use).
Example: tall short
long short
clever stupid
top bottom
love hate
3

Contradictory
The concept of contradictory can be explained as follows: A proposition is a
contradictory of another if it is impossible for them both to be true at the same time and of the
same circumstances. For example, The beetle is alive is a contradictory of The beetle is dead,
and John murdered Bill is a contradictory of John did not kill Bill.
6. Ambiguity
A word or phrase is ambiguous, if it has two or more synonyms that are not themselves
synonymous of each other. For example trunk is synonymous with elephants proboscis and
with chest, but elephants proboscis and chest are not synonymous of each other, so trunk is
ambiguous.
Ambiguity includes homonymy and polysemy. A case of harmony is one of an
ambiguous word, whose different senses are far apart from each other and not obviously
related to each other in any way. For example, mug (drinking vessel vs. gullible person) is a
clear case of harmony; and a case of polysemy is one where a word has several very closely
related senses. For example, mouth (of a river vs. of a animal) is a case of polysemy.

CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
Based on the previous chapter we can conclude that Sense Relation is a paradigmatic
relation between words or predicates. There are many types of Sense Relation in semantic
such as synonymy, paraphrase, hyponymy, entailment, antonym, and ambiguity.

REFERENCES
Badulu, Abdul Muis. 2009. Introduction to linguistic: Badan Penerbit UNM.