c0001 Overall

KBR
ONSHORE ESTIMATING DEPARTMENT

CIVIL\STRUCTURAL\ARCHITECTURAL
DESK MANUAL
OWNER: GREG MINICONE

ISSUE DATE: APRIL 3, 2000
UPDATED: JULY 2002
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
A.
Lead Estimator Responsibilities
B.
Core Estimate Requirements
PCOA NARRATIVES
A.
Official PCOA Narratives
B.
Estimating/Engineering MTO Subcodes
CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

A.
Demolition
B.
Site Preparation/Improvements
C.
Piling
D.
Concrete
E.
Grout/Fireproofing
F.
Structural Steel
G.
Buildings/Architectural
H.
Painting
I.
Qualifications & Backup
J.
Crew Mixes
K.
Procurement
TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND REFERENCES

STANDARD FORMS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued
VII.
ESTIMATING SOFTWARE
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INTRODUCTION
The purpose of the CIVIL DISCIPLINE MANUAL is to define Estimating procedures and
responsibilities. It also serves to maintain consistency in the production of the civil portion
of detailed conceptual, lump sum, or definitive estimates. In addition, it is intended to set
forth correct procedures regarding the approaches for quantification, material pricing, and
application of accurate productivity rates. Factors and tables have been included for easy
reference and must be used to ensure consistency and an accurate reflection of all
quantities.
Always be mindful that we are all working together, toward a common goal. It is the
Estimator's responsibility to communicate with other discipline estimators throughout the
estimate phase. As the effort progresses, the civil estimator will acquire information both
through meetings and drawings/documentation. It is imperative that any information
which might affect other estimators is shared. In addition, the Project Estimator should
be included in the communication loop." He or she must be kept abreast of all
discussions and independent meetings that take place regarding all aspects of the
project (i.e., procurement approach, quantity survey approach, etc.).
Estimators should be aware that all final cost data, as well as standard" manhour rates,
represents a basis for comparison only. To properly utilize this information, one must have
a full understanding of all of the requirements that may have had an impact on the
productivity (i.e., project-specific problems, specifications, schedule, etc.). Consideration
must be given regarding how the model" project compares with the project for which the
estimate is being generated. The following items/activities will impact the unit manhours
and/or material pricing and will need to be researched and addressed on all projects:
Geographics (Gulf Coast vs. West Coast)
Work in existing plants (congestion/accessibility, firewatch)
Rebuild/retrofit work (congestion, heat, firewatch)
Small jobs/small quantities
Winterization/productivity loss in cold climate
Lump sum vs. cost reimbursable projects (material pricing approach)
Hazardous contamination (requiring protective gear, etc.)
Seasonal weather conditions

When uncertain about a particular requirement or situation, the Estimator must take
advantage of his or her resources. He or she must be willing to seek advice from those
within the Estimating group, the Construction Representative, or the vendor/subcontractor
community. A strong possibility exists that a fellow Estimator has encountered the same
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INTRODUCTION - Continued
item, either through a field experience or through a previous proposal, and can share his or
her approach.
This is to be a working" manual and the Estimator should use it as a helpful reference.
The Estimator should personalize" the binder by accumulating and adding information he
or she deems pertinent to each section. Again, in the spirit of teamwork, any information
that could be of benefit to other Estimators should be shared. If an Estimator has existing
information that conflicts with anything contained within the manual, he or she should
immediately bring it to the attention of the Chief Estimator. Therefore, any portion of the
quantification effort or productivity analysis, resulting from information contained
within this manual must produce the same result (i.e., material weights/sf, fireproofing
volumes/areas, structural steel paint areas/tn, metric conversions, drilled shaft volumes,
etc.).
Each estimator has the responsibility for suggesting ways to revise and update the manual.
The ultimate responsibility for the accuracy of the manual rests with the Chief Civil
Estimator and suggestions should be made to that person.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
LEAD ESTIMATOR RESPONSIBILITY
1-3
CORE ESTIMATE REQUIREMENTS
4-6
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LEAD ESTIMATOR RESPONSIBILITY
The Lead Estimator is responsible for the execution and creation of the
Civil/Structural/Architectural portion of the estimate to which he or she is assigned. This
is to be done in a timely fashion, within the time period directed by the Project Estimator.
The Lead Estimator's responsibilities are further defined as follows:
Attend the kickoff meeting. On most projects, this will occur at the proper time. Be
sure that the Chief Estimator is aware of the scheduled meeting.
Review the estimate package with milestones and deadlines in mind. This will
effect manpower staffing, estimate philosophy/approach, and review cycle. Be sure
to review the bid form, as this can also effect the quantification approach.
Meet with the Chief Estimator to discuss strategy. Once the package has been
reviewed, the Estimator must brief the Chief Estimator on the results of his or her
perusal. Together, a decision will be reached regarding the manpower requirements,
quantity survey approach, procurement approach, and a tentative schedule for the
Chief review. Once these decisions are made, the Lead Estimator implements the plan
or approach. Any deviation requires mutual agreement.
Create RFQ packages for material and subcontract pricing solicitation. A high
priority must be placed on this activity. Reference the "Procurement" section of this
manual for a detailed explanation of this extremely critical portion of the effort. Be
sure to incorporate any bid form and/or unit price requirements into these packages.
Read and absorb specifications. Since the specifications can sometimes effect the
quantity survey, this exercise should be performed prior to beginning the
quantification effort. Take care to note any concerns or unusual requirements as you
progress. These should be listed in the qualifications portion of the estimate. It is the
Lead Estimator's responsibility to convey any pertinent information to each of the
Detail Estimators during the course of the estimate.
Proceed with quantity survey. This will be to the level of detail agreed upon with the
Chief Estimator. On projects where you have support staff, this exercise can proceed
while you are reading the specifications. The Lead Estimator must ensure continuity
between Detail Estimators, where applicable.
Proceed with data input. This should be done in a fashion to suit the project
requirements and the approach agreed upon with the Chief Estimator.
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LEAD ESTIMATOR RESPONSIBILITY - Continued
Review data with Engineering. If the proposal is EPC, this exercise is a must. The
objective is to allow the Engineer to agree on your interpretation of the scope of work
and the information he or she transmitted to you. If the schedule allows, the Chief
Estimator should have the opportunity to briefly review the output prior to this
review.
Review the estimate with the Chief Estimator. Prior to this meeting, the Lead
Estimator should review all project notes, qualifications, specifications, and all other
general information. This will allow a concise and accurate description of the subject
project. The objective of this meeting is for the Chief Estimator to confirm that the
agreed approaches were executed and to establish a desired level of comfortability
with the accuracy. The Lead Estimator should bring his or her compiled "backup"
information to allow a proper review of all information that was utilized to create the
data.
Submit reviewed, required files and information to the Project Estimator. This
includes the ESP excel file and a hard copy of the overall, area, and system summaries.
All changes to the various tabs within the file are to shaded in gray before submittal.
Once the file is combined by the project estimator, be sure to verify that the summary
level is consistent with the last reviewed copy of the discipline estimate. This should
be done prior to department review.
Support the balance of the review cycle as required. Be sure to provide at least two
copies of your individual estimate run for use by yourself and your chief during the
department review.
Log completed backup information in the Job Log located on the network. This is to
be in the format and to the requirements as defined in the "Qualifications & Backup"
section of this manual. A proposal is not complete until this exercise is satisfied. It is
imperative that the Civil Library copy of the estimate be the same as the distributed
version.
Discuss the Civil portion of the effort with the Chief Estimator. The objective for the
discussions is to evaluate the performance of the Detail Estimators, assess the
approach used, and to evaluate the quality of the other aspects of the effort (i.e.
procurement support, subcontracts support, project estimator support, etc.)
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LEAD ESTIMATOR RESPONSIBILITY - Continued
Listed below are other important aspects critical to departmental Quality:
Be certain that all daily requirements have been satisfied prior to departing for the
day. As a courtesy, check with the Project Estimator during the critical points of the
estimate effort.
Keep your Chief Estimator abreast of all meetings, intermediate milestones,

addendums, etc. throughout the estimate effort.
Maintain communication with the Construction Representative to ensure that the

construction approaches and Engineering philosophies reflect reasonable
constructability considerations.
When assigned to a location other than your home base, take basic supplies with
you (i.e. calculator, scales, civil manual/bogie book, computer, highlighters, takeoff
sheets). In addition, as soon as you identify your location and phone number,
inform the Department Secretary and the Chief Estimator.
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CORE REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTIMATE PRODUCTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Written Scope of Work

This will be the governing document. It should fully and comprehensively describe all
work required to provide a completed project.
Written Comments to Address:
A. Reuse of excavated materials
B. Availability of onsite or offsite borrow for backfill
C. General soil conditions
D. Known obstructions
E. Concrete mix philosophy (4000 PSI - ELEVATED SLABS,
2000 PSI - DUCT BANKS,
3000 PSI - ALL OTHER,ETC)
F. Special concrete mixes (shrinkage-compensating, etc.)
G. Designated area for earthen spoils
H. Designated area for demolished rubble
Soils Report
Topographical Drawings/Sketches Showing Initial and Proposed Grades
Marked-up drawings and a written description for all demolition
Completed Equipment List
Lists all major and minor pieces of equipment (by tag # if available).
Plot Plan/Foundation Layout
Location of all existing and new structures, roadways, drainage requirements,
railroads, etc. In addition, the following items should be shown, if applicable:
A. Area paving limits, composition, & thickness
B. Retaining walls with sketch of cross section
C. Temporary sheet piling or shoring requirements
D. Gravel surfacing & thickness
E. Drainage ditches with sketch of cross section
F. Culverts with sketch of cross section, size & type
G. Sketch of cross section for railroads showing typical installation & road crossing
H. Fencing with sketch of typical section & gates
I.
Landscaping & ground cover
J.
Sketch of typical cross section of new & existing roads including stabilization
requirements, etc
K. Load bearing piling location with sketch/description showing composition,
depth, size, tension connections, cutoff elevations, etc.
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CORE REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTIMATE PRODUCTION - Continued
8.
9.
L. Existing underground utilities

Drawings/Sketches For All Major Concrete Pours
A. Grade slabs should show thickened slab requirements
B. Sketch should note whether FDNS are isolated pours, raised pads, or are to be
placed onto existing concrete (requiring drill/grout of rebar dowels)
C. Special/unusual anchor bolt/embed requirements (large diameter bolts, stainless
steel, epoxy-coated rebar/embeds, etc.)
D. Epoxy grouting requirements
E. Engineered fill requirements
F. Overexcavation
G. Foundation shoring
H. Special concrete finishes
I.
Concrete sealer/hardeners
J.
Acidproof linings,acidproof brick
K. Waterproofing
L. Each sketch should be defined with equipment name/#
matching equipment list where applicable
M. Elevated slab perimeter bulkhead (bent plate or plywood?)
N. Elevated slab bottoms (shored forms or Q-deck?)
O. List of all minor foundations not addressed with sketches with volume of
concrete by code of account for each item
Floor Plan/Written Description Of All Building Requirements
A. Drawings/sketches of each building (plan & elevation cross section)
B. Line sketches with member sizes for B&R-engineered building steel
C. Foundation sketch for each building
D. The written description should address requirements for the following items:
Blockwork (8" CMU with zonolite fill,etc)
Interior partitions (5/8" drywall on 3 5/8" metal studs, etc)
Doors/hrdwre (hm, alum, double, single,transom, bronze hrdwre, etc)
Roofing system (4-ply b/u roof over metal deck/joists,etc)
Floor covering
Architectural painting
Computer access flooring
HVAC (Westvaco,etc)
Fire suppression (FM-200,sprinkler, deluge,etc)
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CORE REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTIMATE PRODUCTION - Continued
Office furnishings/equipment responsibility

Laboratory equipment detailed definition
Plumbing fixtures, etc
Bathroom accessories
Millwork
lO. Line Sketches With Member Sizes For All Structural Steel
A. For pipe rack steel, a typical bent with the number required is sufficient
B. Fireproofing requirements should be noted on sketches (limits, composition,
thickness, method)
C. Painting/coatings requirements
D. Vendor-supplied steel quantities
E. Fiberglass construction
F. Connection philosophy (bolted or welded)
11. Technical Specifications
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K e llo g g B r o w n & R o o t
CIVIL-STRUCTURAL-ARCHITECTURAL
PROJECT CODE OF ACCOUNTS
A H a llib u r to n C o m p a n y
D--DEMOLITION - All work required for dismantling or removal of any existing obstructions such as
foundations, paving, railroads, steel framing, buildings, fencing, etc. These accounts are to include
transportation or disposal costs, if required. For relocation accounts, only the dismantling portion of the
work is to be included in this section. Any new work subsequent to the dismantling activities is to be
included in the respective section .
D40 DEMOLITION FOR DISPOSAL-CIVIL - Use this account only if the item is not to be salvaged or
relocated. This account includes demolition and disposal of existing site items, such as fences, asphalt
paving and roads, bridges, ponds, canals, dikes, rip- rap, and marine construction. The sale of scrap or
other credits related to this activity are included in this account. Quantities are measured as described in
the respective definitions for new work.
D41 DEMOLITION FOR DISPOSAL-CONCRETE - This account includes demolition and disposal
of existing concrete foundations, paving, roads, slabs, headwalls, etc. The sale of scrap or other credits
related to this activity are included in this account. Quantities are measured as volume of concrete (CY or
M3 ).
D42 DEMOLITION FOR DISPOSAL-STEEL - Use this account only if the item is not to be salvaged
or relocated. This account includes demolition and disposal of existing structural steel. The sale of scrap
or other credits related to this activity are included in this account. Quantities are measured as Tons or
Metric Tons (TN or MT).
D48 DEMOLITION FOR DISPOSAL-ARCHITECTURAL - Use this account only if the item is not to
be salvaged or relocated. This account includes demolition and disposal of existing buildings and
architectural items. The sale of scrap or other credits related to this activity are included in this account.
Quantities are measured as described in the respective definitions for new work.
D51 DEMOLITION FOR SALVAGE-CIVIL - Use this account only if the item is to be salvaged. This
account includes the demolition and salvage of existing civil items such as fencing, culverts, railroads, etc.
D52 DEMOLITION FOR SALVAGE-STEEL- Use this account only if the item is to be salvaged. This
account includes the demolition and salvage of existing structural steel. Quantities are measured as Tons or
Metric Tons
(TN or MT).
D58 DEMOLITION FOR SALVAGE-ARCHITECTURAL - Use this account only if the item is to be
salvaged. This account includes the demolition and salvage of existing building and architectural items.
D61 DEMOLITION FOR RELOCATION-CIVIL - Use this account only if the item is to be relocated.
This account includes only the removal for relocation of existing civil items such as fencing, culverts, sheet
piling, and earthwork, etc. To relocate and reinstall the item, use the appropriate control code as though the
item was new. Quantities are measured as described in the respective definitions for new work.
D62 DEMOLITION FOR RELOCATION-STEEL - Use this account only if the item is to be relocated.
This account includes only the removal for relocation of existing structural steel. To relocate and reinstall
the item, use the appropriate control code as though the item was new. Quantities are measured as Tons or
Metric Tons (TN or MT).
D68 DEMOLITION FOR RELOCATION-ARCHITECTURAL - Use this account only if the item is to
be relocated. This account includes only the removal for relocation of existing buildings and architectural
items. To relocate and reinstall the item, use the appropriate control code as though the item was new.
D71 LEAD ABATEMENT All costs associated with the abatement of lead. Quantity is measured per
Lot (LOT).
D72 ASBESTOS ABATEMENT All costs associated with the abatement of asbestos. Quantity is
measured by weight of abestos materials (LBS or KG).
D84 DEMOLITION FIRE WATCH Safety supervision dedicated to monitoring demolition activities
and alerting the proper personnel in the event of an emergency. Quantity is measured in Equivalent
Manhour Units (EMU). BY ESTIMATING
D97 SCAFFOLDING All costs associated with the use of scaffolding including the rental and purchase
of materials, and labor for storage, erection, and dismantling. Quantity is measured per Lot (LOT). BY
ESTIMATING
D98 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT The intent of the conceptual design allowance is to
provide for the normal growth of quantities during the construction process. These historical percentages
are based on the level of definition at the time of quantity development. This allowance is not intended to
be a source to cover out-of-scope costs.
K--SITE PREPARATION/IMPROVEMENTS - These accounts are for work required to raise or lower
the site to rough grade elevations. Additionally, these accounts include work during and after the site
preparation phase which provide improvements to the site. Permanent materials, material handling,
unloading / storage of materials, and clean-up is to be included in the appropriate account.
K01 CLEAR AND GRUB - General clearing, grubbing, and disposal of brush and trees at designated
areas of the entire plant site. Quantities are measured as Acres or Square Meters (Acr or M2).
K02 STRIPPING - Quantity reflects "Neat" volume of all stripping activities required prior to the cut and
fill operations. This activity includes transport of stripped materials to the designated spoil area. Quantities
are measured by Volume (CY or M3).
K03 SITE CUT - Quantity reflects "Neat" volume required to lower the site to rough grade elevations.
This account should include all site cut activities, excluding cut to fill, including that which is
subsequently transported and utilized for fill (addition) in other areas of the site or to spoil/stockpile. This
account includes all costs for transport to the point of fill requirements. Spreading and compaction is not
included. Quantities are measured by volume of cut materials (CY or M3).
K04 UNRESTRICTED EXCAVATION - Quantity reflects "Neat" or In-Place volume of excavation
required. This account is reserved for any excavation required for which there is no associated new
concrete work (i.e. earthen dike removal, earthen stockpile relocation, etc.). This activity is considered
unrestricted with respect to construction equipment. This account is not to include cut required to bring the
site to rough grade elevations. Quantities are measured by Volume (CY or M3).
K05 RESTRICTED EXCAVATION - Quantity reflects "Neat" or In-Place volume of excavation
required. This account is reserved for any excavation required for which there is no associated new
concrete work (i.e. earthen dike removal, earthen stockpile relocation, etc.). This activity is considered
restricted with respect to construction equipment. This account is not to include cut required to bring the
site to rough grade elevations. Quantities are measured by Volume (CY or M3).
K06 HAND EXCAVATION - Quantity reflects "Neat" or In-Place volume of excavation required.
This account is reserved for any excavation required for which there is no associated new concrete work.
This activity is necessary in situations where the use of construction equipment is not allowed. This account
is not to include cut required to bring the site to rough grade elevations. Quantities are measured by
Volume (CY or M3).
K07 ROCK EXCAVATION - Quantity reflects "Neat" or In-Place volume of rock excavation required.
All costs for ripping, jackhammer, and drill/blasting of rock is to be included within this account. This
account is reserved for any rock excavation required for which there is no associated new concrete work.
This account is to include rock excavation required to bring the site to rough grade elevations. Quantities
are measured by Volume (CY or M3).
K08 SITE FILL Quantity reflects "In-Place" or compacted volume of fill required to raise the site to
the rough grade elevations. Quantities are measured by Volume (CY or M3).
K09 UNRESTRICTED BACKFILL - - Quantity reflects "Neat" or compacted volume of backfill
required. This account is reserved for any backfill required for which there is no associated new concrete
work (i.e. ditch fill, backfill for demolition work, etc.). This activity is considered unrestricted with respect
to construction equipment. This account is not to include cut required to bring the site to rough grade
elevations. Quantities are measured by Volume (CY or M3).
K10 RESTRICTED BACKFILL - Quantity reflects "Neat" or compacted volume of backfill required.
This account is reserved for any backfill required for which there is no associated new concrete work (i.e.
ditch fill, backfill for demolition work, etc.). This activity is considered restricted with respect to
construction equipment. This account is not to include cut required to bring the site to rough grade
elevations. Quantities are measured by Volume (CY or M3).
K11 HAND BACKFILL Quantity reflects "Neat" or In-Place volume of backfill required. This
account is reserved for any backfill required for which there is no associated new concrete work. This
activity is necessary in situations where the use of construction equipment is not allowed. This account is
not to include cut required to bring the site to rough grade elevations. Quantities are measured by Volume
(CY or M3).
K12 DITCHES - Includes cutting (excavation), fine grading and spoiling of excavated material.
Quantities are measured by Volume (CY or M3).
K13 CULVERTS - Linear installation only. Includes all excavation and backfill. Storm sewer work is
included in the underground piping activity. Quantities are measured as Linear Feet or Linear Meters of
Culvert (LF or LM).
K20 POND AND LAGOON WORK - Quantity reflects "In-Place" or compacted volume of earthwork
required to provide the ponds as required. Includes all earthwork (cut) for the formation of ponds. Pond
dikes are to be charged to the K22 account. Quantities are measured as volume of excavated materials
(CY or M3).
K21 DREDGING All costs associated with dredging activities including mobilization, equipment, and
disposal of dredged material. Quantities are measured in Cubic Yards (CY) or Cubic Meters (M3) of
material dredged.
K22 DIKES/LEVEES - Quantity reflects "In-Place" or compacted volume of materials required to provide
the dikes/levees embankment. Dike liners are to be included in the K25 account. Quantities are measured
as volume of materials required (CY or M3).
K24 SLOPE PROTECTION - All cost associated with hauling and placement of rip-rap or other
protective materials including seeding, sand base, and other protection. Quantities reflect the area to be
protected (SY or M2).
K25 LININGS-IMPERVIOUS - All cost associated with providing the liner systems as required.
Quantities reflect the system area (SY or M2).
K31 STABILIZATION - Included is surface preparation, dropping of the stabilizer (i.e. Lime or cement),
watering and compacting. Slurry operations are included. Quantities represent stabilizer installed (not
material to be stabilized) (TNS or MTS).
K32 BASE COURSE - This account covers the base course of all permanent parking lots, roads and
asphalt paved areas, including scarify and re-compact, as required. All quantities are measured by volume
of base course (CY or M3 ).
K33 ASPHALT PAVING - All cost of asphalt services and fine grading in preparation for completion of
the paving installation. All quantities are measured by area (SY or M2 ).
K34 ROCK SURFACING - All cost associated with hauling, placement and compaction of rock (gravel)
or area surfacing. All quantities are measured by volume (CY or M3 ).
K40 RAILROAD - All cost associated with installation of new railroad. Includes ballast, ties, rail,
turnouts, etc. Quantities will be measured in linear feet or linear meters of track (LF or LM).
K50 FENCING - Includes fencing, gates, cattle guards, fence grounding and all other fence materials.
Quantities will be measured in linear feet or linear meters of fencing (LF or LM).
K51 GUARD POSTS/RAILINGS - All costs associated with the installation of pipe bollards and guard
rails; including excavation, concrete foundations, concrete fill, posts, painting and guard railing etc.
Quantities for guard posts are per each and quantities for guard railing are per linear measure of post/railing
system.
K60 LANDSCAPING AND SEEDING - All beautification of the plant site and plant buildings,
including top soil and ground cover (SY or SM). Note: Seeding for the purpose of slope protection is to be
included in the K24 account.
K65 FINISH GRADING - All finish grading and fine grading of areas after construction is completed.
Includes fine grading to drain. Quantities will be measured by area to be fine graded (SY or M2).
K70 MARINE CONSTRUCTION All costs associated with major marine construction activities such
as loading/unloading piers, offshore water intake structures, etc. Quantity measured per Lot (LOT).
K80 WATER WELLS - Installation of permanent water wells. Quantity is measured as 1Lot (LOT).
K82 EARTHEN TANK PADS All costs associated with the installation of earthen tank pads including
oily sand, asphalt topping, membrane liners, leak detection systems, etc. Quantity measured by volume
(CY or M3).
K83 SHEET PILING/SHORING - All costs for permanent and temporary sheet piling, cofferdams, etc.
Material handling, unloading / storage of materials, and clean- up is to be included in the appropriate
account. Includes sheet piling, whalers, struts, tie-back systems and removal when required. Quantities
will be measured by area of sheet pile/shoring (SF or M2). Sheet piling area is to include toe depth.
K84 PILING LOADBEARING - All costs for load bearing pile installation. Material handling,
unloading / storage of materials, and clean- up is to be included in the appropriate account. Includes pipe
piles, precast concrete piles, "H" piles, treated and untreated wood pilings and composite piles. Quantities
will be linear measurement of piling required (LF or LM).
K85 SITE DEWATERING - All costs of installing and removing wellpoint system, deep wells, or any
other major dewatering system. Quantity is measured as 1Lot (LOT). BY ESTIMATING
K86 TUNNEL/BORING All costs associated with tunneling and boring under roads, railways, existing
structures, etc. This includes the cost of digging bore pits, shoring excavated areas, etc. Quantities are
linear measurement of tunneling or boring (LF or LM).
K87 ROCK ANCHORING DEVICES All costs associated with installation of a rock anchoring
system. Quantity is measured per each (EA) anchoring device.
K88 REINFORCED EARTH All costs associated with installation of a reinforced earth system. This
includes the use of geotextile fabrics, concrete rubble, riprap, etc. Quantity is measured per Square Yard
(SY) or Square Meter (M2).
K89 DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED SOIL All costs associated with the transportation and offsite
disposal of contaminated soil. Soil remediation is not included. Quantity is measured in Cubic Yards (CY)
or Cubic Meters (M3). BY ESTIMATING
K98 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT The intent of the conceptual design allowance is to
provide for the normal growth of engineered and bulk material quantities during the engineering final
design process. These historical percentages are based on the level of definition at the time of quantity
development. This allowance is not intended to be a source to cover out-of-scope costs. Quantity is
measured as 1Lot (LOT).
K99 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE ALLOWANCE For estimating use only. The intent of the
construction practices allowance is to provide for only the material cost associated with additional material
consumed during normal construction activities. Labor costs or manhours are not included under this code.
This allowance covers standard material waste and is not intended to cover out-of-scope cost. Quantity is
measured as 1Lot (LOT). BY ESTIMATING
C--CONCRETE AND EXCAVATION - All cost of labor, temporary materials and permanent materials
required to provide concrete foundations, slabs and structures. ALL ACCOUNTS IN THIS SECTION
ARE TO BE DELINEATED BY EQUIPMENT TAG NUMBER OR FUNCTION.
ADDITIONALLY, ACCOUNTS C11, C12, C13, AND C31 ARE TO BE DELINEATED BY
SEPARATE, INDIVIDUAL POUR SIZE. All quantities will be measured by volume of concrete
required (CY or M3).
Specifically:
1. Costs for all permanent and consumable materials.
1. Costs for earthwork including excavation, backfill, shoring, minor dewatering, and spoil/stockpile of
surplus excavated materials.
2. Costs of formwork including rental charges, back-up lumber, stripping, and rework.
3. Costs for construction joints, if approved.
4. Costs for mesh or bar reinforcing steel including supports, chairs, bolsters, bar connctors, bending, and
fabrication. Cost should also include the epoxy coating of reinforcing steel as required.
5. Costs for embedded items including angles, inserts for hangers, plates, anchor bolts and sleeves. Items
must be kept clean and protected for future use.
6. Costs for miscellaneous specialty items including waterstop, plasticizer, ice, mastics, joint materials,
curing agents and blankets, admixtures, retarders, or waterproofing and "tanking" (encapsulation) such as
protective coatings and wraps.
7. Costs for finish to all exposed concrete faces.
8. Costs for providing, transporting, pumping and testing of concrete.
9. Costs for providing seal slabs in the bottom of excavations.
10.Costs for scaffolding required to perform the work.
Quantities are measured to neat dimensions. No deductions are made for the volume of reinforcement,
embeds, or voids less than 0.1 cy (or M3).
C09 SPECIAL EXCAVATION Hogout, or Bathtub excavation. Additionally, this account is
reserved for unique excavation requirements (i.e. contamination, special handling, etc.). Quantities are
measured by Cubic Yards (CY.) or Cubic Meters (M3.).
C10 SPECIAL BACKFILL Hogout, or Bathtub backfill. Additionally, this account is reserved for
unique backfill requirements (i.e. replacement for contaminated excavation, special handling, etc.).
Quantities are measured by Cubic Yards (CY.) or Cubic Meters (M3.).
C11 CONCRETE POURS LESS THAN 3 CY (OR 2.3 CUBIC METERS)
Includes column foundations/pedestals, isolated curbs, stoops, equipment foundations/pads, etc.
C12 CONCRETE POURS THREE TO FIFTY CUBIC YARDS (OR 2.3-38.3 CUBIC METERS)
Includes column foundations/pedestals, equipment foundations/pads, etc.
C13 CONCRETE POURS GREATER THAN FIFTY CUBIC YARDS (OR 38.3 CUBIC METERS)
Includes Mat foundations, equipment foundations, etc.
C21 PRECASTING OF CONCRETE - All costs of field precasting columns, beams, manholes, pull
boxes, and catch basins. When precasting is done in lieu of in-situ placement, quantities are measured as
though the work had been executed in-situ. After initial cure, the handling, erection, and touch-up of joints
of precast components are with the appropriate steel, piping, or other erection activity. Precast items, if
outside purchased, are with the appropriate steel, piping, or other erection activity. Precasting beds should
be charged to temporary facilities.
C22 SPECIAL SLABS AT GRADE - All cost for installation of building slabs or slabs at grade under
structures. Slabs at grade under pipe racks are to be included in the C25 account. Includes fine grading of
subgrade as required.
C25 CONCRETE PAVING/ROADS - All cost for installation of outside concrete area paving and
sidewalks. This account is reserved for all flatwork outside the limits of buildings or structures. Isolated
curbs should be included in the C11 account. Base courses will be included in account K32. Includes fine
grading of subgrade as required.
C30 ELEVATED SLABS - All costs for elevated slabs supported by metal decking, conventional
forming, etc. Includes jacks and shoring materials used specifically for support. For slabs supported by
metal decking, a quantity of metal decking is required as a detailed entry.
C31 ELEVATED PADS All costs for concrete pads formed and poured onto a previously constructed
elevated slab. Pad is defined as a separate pour with a top of concrete elevation higher than the top of
slab elevation.
C33 ELEVATED COLUMNS All costs for installation of cast-in-place concrete columns. Elevated
Columns are defined as concrete pedestals with a top of concrete elevation not less than 6 feet above the
last construction joint ( i.e. top of concrete footing).
C34 ELEVATED BEAMS - All costs for installation of cast-in-place concrete beams. Also included are
jacking and shoring material used specifically for support.
C35 TABLE TOP ELEVATED CONCRETE All costs for installation of concrete tabletop. Also
included are jacking and shoring material used specifically for support. A Tabletop consists of both the
elevated slab and the columns that support it, excluding the concrete mat.
C40 CIVIL STRUCTURES (CAST IN PLACE) - All costs for cast-in-place catch basins, trenches, pull
boxes, wing walls and small walled structures (less than 10cy/each). This account is inclusive of all pours
associated with each structure, complete.
C50 WALLED STRUCTURES - Includes large cast-in-place sump walls or walls for other large
structures. Excludes footing pours.
C70 DRILLED FOOTINGS All costs associated with the installation of cast-in-place concrete drilled
footings. Included in this cost is the drilling of the shaft, placement of reinforcing steel cage & anchor
bolts, and concrete pour. Quantities reflect neat, poured Cubic Yards (CY) or Cubic Meters (M3) of
concrete.
C80 SEAL SLABS Includes all lean (2000 psi or less) concrete poured for use as a mud mat, concrete
working surface, or lean concrete fill. Quantities are measured in Cubic Yards (CY.) or Cubic Meters
(M3.). BY ESTIMATING
C90 PUMP/BAIL (DEWATERING) Includes pump-type dewatering for concrete foundation, slab, or
paving excavations due to water table elevations or rainfall. Engineered systems such as well point or
deep- well dewatering are not included. Quantity is measured per Lot (LOT). BY ESTIMATING
C97 SCAFFOLDING All costs associated with the use of scaffolding including the rental and purchase
ESTIMATING
C98 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT The intent of the conceptual design allowance is to
provide for the normal growth of engineered and bulk material quantities during the engineering design
process. These historical percentages are based on the level of definition at the time of quantity
development. This allowance is not intended to be a source to cover out-of-scope costs.
C99 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE ALLOWANCE For estimating use only. The intent of the
This allowance covers standard material waste and is not intended to cover out-of-scope cost. BY
ESTIMATING
S--STRUCTURAL STEEL - All costs of fabricating, coating, and erecting structural and miscellaneous
steel. Cost of steel, when purchased with conveyors, towers, vessels, or other equipment, will be included
in the mechanical equipment code for that item. Erection cost, however, will be charged to the appropriate
structural steel account. Permanent materials, handling, unloading/storage of materials and clean-up are to
be included in the appropriate account.
Steel will have separate entries by weight category, where applicable:
Extra Light Steel
=< 12 #/ft ( < 18 kg/meter)
Light Steel
>12 to 22 #/ft (>18 to 33 kg/meter)
Medium Steel
>22 to 40 #/ft (>33 to 60 kg/meter)
Heavy Steel
>40 to 80 #/ft (>60 to 120 kg/meter)
XHeavy Steel
>80 to 150 #/ft (>120 to 225 kg/meter)
XXHeavy Steel
>150 to 300 # ft (>225 to 450 kg/meter)
XXXHeavy Steel
>300 #/ft (>450 kg/meter)
Quantities are measured to neat dimensions, by weight (TN or MT), unless noted otherwise.
S11 FIELD FABRICATION All costs associated with the fabrication of structural steel in the field.
This account includes historical field activities required to support the erection of shop fabricated steel, as
well as all costs associated with a fully-field-fabricated execution plan. Material costs for bulk or mill steel
are to be included within this account. BY ESTIMATING
S12 MAJOR FRAME STRUCTURES - All costs of erecting field fabricated or outside shop fabricated
major frame steel. Includes material costs if outside shop fabricated (rolled shapes, bolts, clips, and
stiffeners are all included). Major frame consists of all outer and inner columns, beams, braces, girts,
purlins, sag rods and supports of a building or support structure of major equipment. Note: This account is
reserved for structures with enough tonnage to allow productivity economies. This account will not
necessarily exist on all projects.
S16 BOILER STEEL All costs associated with the fabrication and erection of shop or field fabricated
boiler steel. Included are all rolled shapes, bolts, clips, stiffeners, etc
S22 MISCELLANEOUS STEEL - All costs of erecting field fabricated or outside shop fabricated steel
which is late-erected, with respect to engineering drawing issue (i.e. minor pipe/electrical supports, access
platform framing, etc.). This account also includes support framing for stick-built platforming.
Additionally, this account will include smaller structures with minimum tonnages (less than 20 tons) which,
typically, results in productivity decreases (i.e., independent stairwell structures, independent equipment
support structures, etc.).
S32 CONVEYOR SUPPORTS All costs associated with the fabrication and erection of shop or field
fabricated conveyor bents and framing. Included are all rolled shapes, bolts, clips, stiffeners, etc.
S42 LADDERS/HANDRAILS/GRATING - All costs of erecting field fabricated or outside shop
fabricated ladders, handrails, grating, stairs, checkered plate, etc. This account also includes shopassembled platforms, complete. For field-assembled platforms, the support steel is to be included within the
S22 account. Includes material cost if outside shop fabricated.
S43 FRP CONSTRUCTION All costs associated with the erection of fiberglass materials such as FRP
grating, handrail, shapes, etc. Quantities will be reflected by area or linear measurement (LF, SF, LM, M2,
etc.).
S44 VENDOR PLATFORMS All costs associated with the erection of vendor supplied platforms,
ladders, cages, etc.
S52 PIPERACKS - All costs for the erection of steel pipe racks; does not included pipe hangers, anchors,
minor supports, or T supports. Includes material cost if outside shop fabricated. All secondary steel
(walkway supports, platform support steel, grating, handrail, etc.) is not to be included within this account.
S60 ERECT PRECAST CONCRETE - All costs for the erection of precast concrete products (not
including precast piling). Field precasting is included with C21. Includes material cost if purchased
offsite-precast. Quantities will be measured by TN. or MT.
S82 WOOD STRUCTURES All costs associated with the fabrication and installation of shop or field
fabricated wood structures such as framing, joists, trusses, etc. Includes material costs for timber, nails,
bolts, steel connectors, etc. Quantity is measured per Lot (LOT).
S84 STEEL FIREWATCH - Safety supervision dedicated to monitoring structural steel erection
activities and alerting the proper personnel in the event of an emergency. Quantity is measured in
Equivalent Manhour Units (EMU). BY ESTIMATING
S97 SCAFFOLDING - All costs associated with the use of scaffolding including the rental and purchase
ESTIMATING
S98 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT - For estimating use only. The intent of the
conceptual design allowance is to provide for the normal growth of engineered and bulk material quantities
during the engineering design process. These historical percentages are based on the level of definition at
the time of quantity development. This allowance is not intended to be a source to cover out-of-scope
costs.
S99 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE ALLOWANCE - For estimating use only. The intent of the
This allowance covers standard material waste and is not intended to cover out-of-scope cost. Quantity is
measured by weight (TN. OR MT.). BY ESTIMATING
A--ARCHITECTURAL - Includes all costs of labor, material and subcontracts for architectural work.
Codes A01 through A39 are used in lieu of the A40-A90 control codes, and, when used, provide a
summary by commodity rather than a summary by building footprint floor area.
A01 CONCRETE BLOCK - All costs for furnishing and installing concrete masonry blocks and related
items including the grouting, mortaring reinforcing and cleaning. Quantities are measured in area of
masonry installed (SF or M2).
A02 BRICKWORK - All costs for furnishing and installing face brick and related items including the
grouting, mortaring, reinforcing and cleaning. Quantities are measured in area of face brick installed
(SF or M2).
A03 OTHER MASONRY - All costs for furnishing and installing facing tile, stonework and related items
including the grouting, mortaring, reinforcing and cleaning. Quantities are measured in area of facing tile
or stonework installed (SF or M2).
A04 FINISH CARPENTRY - All costs for cabinets, millwork, etc. Quantities are measured in linear
installation (LF or LM).
A08 DECKING - All costs for furnishing and installing roof and floor decking that is normally used as
support for a built-up roofing. Metal decking for elevated Cast-In-Place structural slabs is to be charged
with the appropriate concrete cost control code C30. Quantities are measured in area of decking installed.
(SF or M2).
A09 ROOFING AND ACCESSORIES - All costs for roofing including flashing, cants, expansion joints,
gravel guards, pitch pans, nailers, walkway treads, vents, hatches, gutters and downspouts, etc. Quantities
will be area of roofing installed (SF or M2).
A10 SIDING - All costs for siding including attachments, penetrations, louvers, flashing, closures and
finishes, etc. Quantities are measured in area of siding installed (SF or M2).
A15 PERSONNEL/SPECIALTY DOORS - All costs for furnishing and installing interior and exterior
personnel and specialty type doors, including framing and hardware. Quantities are per each door installed
(EA).
A16 ROLLING DOORS - All costs for furnishing and installing interior and exterior rolling doors,
including framing and hardware. Quantities are per each door installed (EA).
A18 WINDOWS/GLASS & GLAZING - All costs for furnishing and installation of all types of
windows, as well as other glass which does not come with a standard window or door. Includes the cost of
framing and hardware. Quantities are measured in area of glass installed (SF or M2).
A20 ARCHITECTURAL INSULATION - All costs for bat or sprayed-in insulation.. Quantities are
measured in area of insulation installed (SF or M2).
A21 DRYWALL/FINISHES - All costs of drywall systems including taping and floating, framing,
wallboard, battens, attachments, furring, adhesive, and all surface finishes. Quantities are measured in area
of system installed (SF or M2).
A23 PAINT ARCHITECTURAL All costs associated with surface preparation and paint applications
for architectural commodities. Quantities are measured in Square Feet (SF) or Square Meter (M2) per
application of coating.
A25 CEILINGS - All costs of drop or acoustical ceilings including tile, gypsum board and panels, grid
suspension system, moldings, clips, splices and accessories. Quantities are measured in area of ceiling
system installed (SF or M2).
A27 FINISHED FLOORING - All costs of flooring including carpet, computer floor, VCT, cove base as
well as mastic adhesive, cleaning and waxing. Quantities are measured in area of flooring system installed
(SF or M2).
A30 SOUND ATTENUATION - All costs of sound attenuation. Quantities are measured in area of
system installed (SF or M2).
A31 COMPARTMENTS - All costs for furnishing and installation of prefabricated compartments and
partitions. Quantities are per each (EA).
A32 BLDG LIGHTING/CIRCUITS All costs associated with the purchase and installation of lighting
systems in architectural structures. Quantities are measured per Lot (LOT).
A33 HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING - All costs for furnishing and
installation of comfort HVAC system including supply, return, outside and exhaust air, refrigeration
components and balancing of completed system. Quantities are measured as (1 LOT).
A34 PLUMBING - All costs for furnishing and installation of domestic plumbing system, including
piping, fixtures, valves, fittings, and insulation up to a 5'-0" (1.5m) peripheral distance outside the building
limits. Quantities are measured as (1 LOT).
A35 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS - All costs for furnishing and installation of these types of
systems, including wet and dry systems, halon systems, miscellaneous fire equipment such as cabinets,
extinguishers, hose and hose equipment and pumps. Quantities are measured as (1 LOT).
A36 ENCLOSURES All costs associated the purchase and installation of prefabricated enclosures.
Quantity is measured as (1 LOT).
A37 OFFICE FURNISHINGS - Desks, chairs, bookcases, window drapes and other related items.
Quantities are measured as (1 LOT).
A38 LABORATORY EQUIPMENT - All costs for furnishing and installation of laboratory cabinets
beakers, flasks and gas jets, etc. Quantities are measured as (1 LOT).
A39 OTHER EQUIPMENT - Audio-Visual, chalkboards, tackboards, toilet partitions and accessories,
mirrors, locker room equipment, food service equipment, signs and flag poles, etc. Quantities are measured
as (1 LOT).
A40-A89 - BUILDINGS - Codes A40 through A89 are used in lieu of the A01 through A39 control codes,
and, when used, provide a summary by footprint floor area rather than by commodity. Each account
(building number) is to include all work required to provide the architectural portions of each building or
structure, complete. Quantities are measured as footprint area for single-story buildings. For multi-story
buildings, the quantity represents the collective floor area (SF or M2).
A97 SCAFFOLDING - All costs associated with the use of scaffolding including the rental and purchase
ESTIMATING
A98 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT - For estimating use only. The intent of the
the time of quantity development. This allowance is not intended to be a source to cover out-of-scope
costs.
A99 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE ALLOWANCE - For estimating use only. The intent of the
ESTIMATING
VCOATINGS AND COVERINGS - All costs of specialized materials for purposes of grouting, fire
proofing and acid proofing structures and equipment. Material handling, unloading / storage of materials
and clean-up are to be included in the appropriate account.
V13 PAINT STRUCTURAL STEEL - All costs associated with surface preparation and paint
applications for structural steel. Included are field applied paint systems and touchup of shop applied paint.
Quantities are measured in Square Feet (SF) or Square Meter (M2) per application of coating.
Sandblasting and priming are to be counted as one coat. BY ESTIMATING
V33 FIRE PROOFING - All costs of poured in place, trowelled or sprayed coatings for equipment and
structural steel; including intumescent type coatings.
V40 GROUT - All costs of cement and chemical grout including preparation and chipping. Sand/cement,
non-shrink and epoxy grouts have separate entries. Includes the grouting of anchor bolts, dowels, structural
steel and mechanical equipment. Quantities are measured as (CF or M3). BY ESTIMATING
V50 ACID PROOF/WATERPROOF - All costs for providing the protective coating for concrete
surfaces such as sumps, slabs, etc., as required. Includes all concrete preparation prior to application.
Quantity is measured per Square Foot (SF) or Square Meter (M2) of the required system.
V60 SOUND CONTROL All costs associated with the purchase and installation of a sound control
system. Quantity is measured per Square Foot (SF) or Square Meter (M2) of application.
V97 SCAFFOLDING - All costs associated with the use of scaffolding including the rental and purchase
ESTIMATING
V98 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT - For estimating use only. The intent of the
the time of quantity development. This allowance is not intended to be a source to cover out-of-scope costs.
V99 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE ALLOWANCE - For estimating use only. The intent of the
ESTIMATING

DEMOLITION
DEMOLITION
This group of accounts includes all costs for providing all demolition complete, by type (i.e.
concrete, steel, architectural, etc.). Also includes any temporary support construction
required during demolition.
A.
1.
2.
Source Documents
As-built drawings marked-up to show demo requirements
Plot plan marked-up to show demo requirements.
B.
Special Requirements - Procedures
The approach to manhour assignment varies with respect to estimate schedule, estimate
budget, and nature of the work. The approach most suitable for each effort should be
discussed with the Chief Estimator and Project Estimator prior to starting the estimate.
C.
Units
Varies
D.
1.
2.
3.
E.
Productivity Analysis
Disposal location
Hot work" permits
Asbestos abatement (subcontract)
Material Pricing
This is, generally, a labor only account.
1
1502-0002
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SITE PREPARATION/IMPROVEMENTS
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
CLEARING AND ROUGH GRADE
SITE CUT AND FILL
2-3
RESTRICTED EXCAVATION
RESTRICTED FILL
HAND EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL
DITCHES
CULVERTS
PONDS
DIKES/LEVEES
10
CANALS
11
SLOPE PROTECTION/LININGS
12
STABILIZATION - LIME/CEMENT
13-14
BASE COURSES
15
ASPHALT SURFACING
16
RAILROADS
17
FENCING
18
LANDSCAPING
19
DEWATERING
20-21
REINFORCED EARTH
22
STANDARD PROCTOR" CHARACTERISTICS
23-30
MODIFIED PROCTOR" CHARACTERISTICS
31-38
1
1502-0021

SITE PREPARATION/IMPROVEMENTS
CLEARING AND ROUGH GRADE

General clearing, disposal of brush and trees, and grubbing of entire plant site.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Source Documents
Plot plan
Documentation as to the extent of vegetation (i.e., trees number, size, and type)
Disposal requirements [i.e., a.) dispose on site - where, b) haul-off - where, c) burn where, d) dump fees, etc.]
Specifications
Special Requirements
This item requires a surface area takeoff, in acres, of the plant size to be cleared (area
squarefeet/43,560SF=acres).
C.
Units
Acres(ACR)
D.
Varies - type, density, terrain, location of burn or disposal site, etc.
E.
Material Pricing
This is, typically, a labor only account.
1
1502-0003

SITE PREPARATION/IMPROVEMENTS - Continued
SITE CUT AND FILL

All earthwork activities required to raise or lower the site to rough grade elevations. Also
includes removal of unsuitable material over and above clearing/grubbing and stripping.
Quantities will be Neat or compacted cubic yards (CY) as measured from the original
grade after clearing/grubbing and stripping. All quantities are to be measured Neat, inplace.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Source Documents
Plot plans
Existing and proposed grade topographical maps
Stripping requirements (specifications)
Specifications and soils reports
An average end method analysis must be completed - see Example.

Quantities are measured as compacted quantities (swell factors are reflected in unit
manhours and materials dollars.
Quantities are measured by operation - count once:
1. Cut to Spoil
2. Cut to Fill
3. Cut to Stockpile
4. Dredge to Stockpile
5. Dredge to Spoil
6. Stockpile to Fill
7. Borrow to Fill
8. Borrow to Stockpile
9. Spreading Purchased Fill
10. Imported Fill
C.
Units
Cubic Yards (CY)
2
1502-0003

SITE CUT AND FILL- Continued

D.
Items to be considered when establishing productivity rates:

1. Quantity of material - determines the construction equipment required
2. Schedule - many times under a crash" situation
3. Seasonal and weather considerations
4. Types of soil
5. Water table considerations (seasonal fluctuations)
6. Equipment availability along with construction management input, i.e., construction
equipment schedule
7. Haul distances
8. Swell factor (manhours to include swell factor.)
E.
Material Pricing
Purchased fill price, if required, should include swell" factor. Example: if quoted priced
is $5.00/cy and swell factor is 25%, then a price of $6.25/cy is applied to neat quantities in
the estimate.
3
1502-0003

RESTRICTED EXCAVATION
This item includes structural excavation items for which there is no concrete pour to
incorporate the excavation with (i.e., precast manholes, excavation for demolition work,
etc.) Does not include ditches, ponds or dikes. Where practicable, include all foundation
excavation with concrete.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Source Documents
Plot plans
Foundation drawings
Underground piping or electrical drawings
Specifications
Quantities are measured in cubic yards and calculated by appropriate methods (i.e., for
cross-country, open trenching, the average end method may be required).
C.
Units
Cubic yards (CY)

D.
PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS
Items to be considered in productivity analysis:

1. Type of equipment
2. Type of material being removed
3. Weather conditions
4. Soil conditions (i.e., water table, boulders, or rubble)
5. Haul distances (if required)
6. Difficulty of work
7. Spoils location
E.
Material Pricing
This is, typically, a labor only account.
4
1502-0003

RESTRICTED FILL
This item includes structural backfill of items for which there is no concrete pour to
incorporate the excavation with (i.e., precast manholes, backfill for demolition work, etc.).
Where practicable, include all structural backfill with concrete.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Source Documents
Plot plans
Foundation drawings
Underground piping and electrical drawings
Specifications
B.
1.
2.
3.
Type of fill (i.e, bank run sand, select, etc.)
Compaction requirements
Quantities are in cubic yards by appropriate methods of calculation.
C.
Units
Cubic yards (CY)

D.
Items to be considered in productivity analysis:

2. Proximity of material (if on site)
3. Compaction requirements
4. Weather conditions
5. Haul distances, if required
6. Difficulty of work
E.
Material Pricing
Purchase fill price, if required, should include swell" factor. Example: if quoted price is
$5.00/cy and swell factor is 25%, then a price of $6.25/cy is applied to neat quantities in the
estimate.
5
1502-0003

HAND EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

This item covers all work of items for which there is no concrete pour to incorporate the
work with (i.e., precast concrete, demolition, etc.).
A.
Source Documents
Drawings and specifications
B.
This account is limited to earthwork activities which cannot be accomplished by use of

construction
equipment.
C.
Units
Cubic yards (CY)
D.
The following items should be considered:

1. Type of soil
2. Type of fill
4. Compaction equipment (hand tampers, wackers, etc.)
5. Quantity of work
6. Spoils
E.
location
Material Pricing
Purchase fill price, if required, should include swell" factor. Example, if quoted price is
estimate.
6
1502-0003

DITCHES
Includes fine grading of ditches, or cutting of those ditches.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B.
Source Documents
Marked up plot plan to show location and dimensions
Sketch of cross section
Site conditions - soils report
Specifications
Lining requirements
Ditch cross sections should be sketched to show height and width of proposed cut or fill
(see example). Using the area plot plan, overall lengths can be determined. Using this
information, the ditch volume can be calculated. If hydromulched or seeded surface, area
must be determined and charged to the proper account - usually subcontracted.
C.
UNITS
Cubic Yards (CY)
D.

1. Soil conditions or soil density
2. Water table
3. Slope of sides
4. Method of construction, type of construction equipment
5. Spoils location
E.
Material Pricing
Material pricing for linings only, if applicable.
7
1502-0003

CULVERTS
Linear installation only. Including all excavation and backfill. Any concrete used for head
walls, wing walls, and encasement will be charged to the concrete activity.
A.
1.
2.
3.
B.
Source Documents
Marked-up plot plan to show location and dimensions
Culvert schedule
Specifications and standard details
When quantifying culverts, note type, depth, and any special linings and if any special
encasements, bedding or backfill is required.
C.
UNITS
Linear Feet (LF)
D.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
E.
Type of pipe (RCP, CMP, etc.)
Type of joints
Depth of placement
Soil conditions
Bedding, encasement, and backfill requirements
Material Pricing
Note: Be sure to include the costs of joint material (i.e., bands, o-rings, grout, etc.).
8
1502-0003

PONDS
All earthwork for formation of ponds. If dikes are built from dirt removed from the canal
or ponds, the quantity is counted once for the pond excavation and once in the dikes
account for placement. However, excavation labor and equipment are for this account
while placement labor and equipment are for the dikes account.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B.
Source Documents
Lining requirements
Specifications
Pond cross sections should be sketched to show height and width of proposed cut or fill
(see example). Using the area plot plan, overall dimensions can be determined. Using this
information, the pond volume can be calculated.
C.
Units
Cubic Yards (CY)

D.

1. The quantity of excavation to be used for dike fill
2. Soil conditions (i.e., soil density)
3. Water table
4. Slope of sides
6. Spoils location
E.
Material Pricing
This is a labor account only.
9
1502-0003

DIKES/LEVEES
Soil or shell dikes surrounding retention ponds, burn pits, storage tanks, plant site, and all
levees built against moving water. (If dikes are built from the dirt removed from the canal
or pond, the cubic yards of the dike volume is compacted in this account). Seeding of dikes
is to be charged in the slope protection account.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Source Documents
Specifications
Dike cross sections should be sketched to show height and width of proposed cut or fill
(see example). Using the area plot plan, overall lengths can be determined. Using this
information, the dike volume can be calculated.
C.
Units
Cubic Yards (CY)
D.

1. Size of dike (ratio of machine work to hand work)
2. Soil condition (i.e., soil density)
3. Slope of sides
5. Source of fill materials (i.e., excavated surplus, imported fill, etc.)
10
1502-0003

E.
Material Pricing
Purchased fill price, if required, should include swell" factor. Example: if quoted price is
estimate.
11
1502-0003

CANALS
Excavation or rework of canals through jobsite.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B.
Source Documents
Site conditions - soils reports
Lining requirements
Specifications
Canal cross sections shall be sketched to show height and width of proposed cut or fill (see
example). Using the area plot plan, overall lengths can be determined. Using this
information the canal volume can be calculated.
C.
Units
Cubic Yards (CY)
D.

1. Size of canal
2. Method of construction, type of equipment
3. Water table and/or water level
4. Soil conditions
5. Spoils location
E.
Material Pricing
This is a labor only account.
12
1502-0003

SLOPE PROTECTION/LININGS
All costs for providing slope protection. Quantities will be square yards of protective
materials installed (SY). If seeding is used for slope protection, the cost should charged to
this account. Includes seeding, rubble, fabric, clay, etc.
A.
1.
2.
3.
Source Documents
Plot plans and drawings
Quantity survey of item to be lined - dikes, ditches, ponds, etc.
Specifications
B.
None.
C.
Units
Square Yards (SY)
D.
Varies with type of slope protection.
E.
Material Pricing
Depends on type of material used. Obtain local pricing, check on availability of material on
the jobsite (i.e., rubble from demolition or clay from excavation).
13
1502-0003

STABILIZATION - LIME OR CEMENT

Included is the slurry truck driver, the discing of the surface, compaction, and any water
trucks used.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Source Documents
Plot plans
Quantities established from other activities
Cross sections
Specifications
Stabilization quantities are estimated in tons of material placed. Stabilization requirements

should be either shown on a cross-section drawing" or information from specifications
(i.e., depth and percentage of stabilization). Surface areas are either taken from the plot
plan or other quantities already calculated. To calculate the tons to be placed, take the
square feet of surface area times the depth, equals cubic yards to be stabilized. Multiply the
cubic yards of dirt by its weight per cubic yard, then, by the percent of lime content. Then
divide by 2000 LBS/TN to get the proper units.
Example:
Using 1.4 TN/CY soil weight and 6% by weight lime stabilization, 6" deep. Assumed
surface area of 100' X 100'.
Volume of soil to be stabilized - 100' X 100' X .5' = 5000 CF/27 CF = 185 CY
Weight of soil to be stabilized -185 CY X 1.4 TN/CY = 518,000 LBS
Content of lime - 518,000 LBS X 6% lime content = 31,080 LBS of lime
31,080 LBS2000 LBS/TN = 15.5 TNS of lime
14
1502-0003

STABILIZATION - LIME OR CEMENT - Continued

C.
Units
Tons (TNS)
D.

1. Concentration of lime
2. Depth of placement - number of lifts
3. Whether lime or cement stabilized
4. Whether stabilized in place or in stock pile
E.
Material Pricing
Local and current prices should be obtained.
15
1502-0003

BASE COURSES - LIMESTONE, CALICHE, OYSTER CLAM SHELL, ETC.

This item covers the base course of all permanent parking lots and roads.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Source Documents
Plot plans
Quantities established from other activities
Cross sections
Specifications
Only neat quantities are shown - compaction factors are applied to the material costs. This
also requires a cross-section sketch to determine base course requirements (see example).
C.
Units
Cubic Yards (CY)
D.

1. Type of material
2. Number of layers required
3. Swell factor
E.
Material Pricing
Base material price should include swell" factor. Example: if quoted price is $12.00/cy
and swell factor is 20%, then a price of $14.40/cy is applied to neat quantities in the
estimate. If the quoted price is in tons, then use reference table ___ to calculate cy and use
the above swell" application for estimate price.
16
1502-0003

ASPHALT SURFACING
This item includes asphaltic surfacing for all permanent parking lots and roads.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Source Documents
Plot plans
Cross sections
Specifications
Schedule
Asphalt surfacing is designated by depth of surfacing and measured in square yards (SY).
C.
Units
Square Yards (SY)
D.
This is typically a subcontract item.
E.
Subcontract Pricing
This item is usually subcontracted and a local subcontract price should be obtained.
17
1502-0003

RAILROADS
Construction of permanent track, cost of placing ballast, and installation of all items
necessary to erect the completed railway system.
A.
1.
2.
B.
Source Documents
Plot plans
Specifications
This item is usually analyzed as a subcontract item. When quantifying railroads, caution to
double dipping track footage where you have turn-outs, switches, etc. Take-off and
computer input format needs to be broken into straight trackage (LF), curved trackage (LF),
turn-outs (each), crossover (each), bridges (each), bumper stops (each), etc.
Note any filter fabric requirements for stabilization.
C.
Units
Linear Feet (LF) of track

Each (EA) (turn-outs, bumper stops, bridges)
D.
Subcontract item.
E.
Subcontract Pricing
Subcontract item. Generally includes sub-ballast up.

Installed pricing should be obtained.
18
1502-0003

FENCING
Includes fencing, gates, cattle guards, and other fence materials.
A.
1.
2.
3.
B.
Source Documents
Plot plans
Specification
Gate schedule or details
This item is usually analyzed as a subcontract item.

Quantity survey is done in lineal feet with gates taken off by size.
Units
Linear Feet (LF)
D.
Subcontract
E.
item.
Subcontract Pricing
Fencing fabric, barbed wire topping, line posts, gates, gateposts (vary by size of gate), line
posts corner posts, rails, various bracings, and posts in concrete.
19
1502-0003

LANDSCAPING AND GROUND COVER

All beautification of the plant site and plant buildings, including shell and slag ground
cover.
A.
1.
2.
3.
B.
Source Documents
Plot plans
Specifications
Details
Note special plants, trees, shrubs, and sodding requirements.
C.
UNITS
Square Yards (SY)
D.
Specialty landscaping usually done by subcontractor.
E.
Material Pricing
Subcontract pricing should be obtained.
20
1502-0003

DEWATERING
This item is the removal or rerouting of water from the site to allow the construction works
to proceed. There are several methods of accomplishing this, and the method depends
greatly on the site conditions and the works.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Source Documents
Plot plans
Foundation and underground utility drawings
Boring logs and soils report
Specifications
Schedule
B.
1.
Standing water (such as small lakes or ponds) can generally be handled by pumping
the water away from the site, or excavating a trench and routing water away from
work area. (This is providing pond or lake is not spring fed.)
Free-moving water such as creeks or streams can be handled by cut-off walls or
routing dams and this cost generally would be handled in appropriate items of work.
Any on-site pumping would be charged to this account.
Ground water - Methods for removal of ground water depend on excavation depth,
type of soil and flow rate of water.
a. Generally, for shallow excavations that penetrate less than 3 feet into the water
table, a sump and trash pump can handle the flow.
b. For excavations less than 16 feet into the water table, a well point system can be
used. Number of points depends upon porosity of soil and flow of water.
c. For excavations over 16 feet, a multistaged well point system or a deep well
system can be employed. A multistaged well point system is installed in tiers as
the excavation proceeds and generally is uneconomical for excavations over 30
feet or long term openings. A deep well system is the installation of a casing (with
the bottom 20'-30' serrated to form a screen to allow water to flow into the casing)
into a drilled hole, and a filtering gravel is placed around the casing with a
discharge pipe connected to a header line at the top of casing. Size of pump
depends on flow conditions of water thru soil. Number of well points or deep
wells would depend on soil conditions and flow rate of water.
2.
3.
21
1502-0003

DEWATERING - Continued
4. Dewatering Cofferdams
For excavations in rivers, lakes or near river banks and shorelines, a sheet pile
cofferdam may be installed. The sheeting would be driven to rock, into an impervious
material, or to a sufficient depth to effectively cut off the flow of water into the
excavation. The cofferdam would then be pumped as excavation proceeds. The cost of
the cofferdam installation (sheeting, wales and bracing) would be charged to the sheet
pile account. The pumping would be charged to this account.
Note: dewatering can, and often does, require around-the-clock operations or extensive
overtime and must be considered in the estimate.
C.
Units
Generally this is a lump sum (LS) item. However, in some cases, such as deep wells, an
each price (EA) may be requested or well points could be based on linear foot (LF) of
header line. This is generally to cover extra work. Unless otherwise specified, units include
installation, operation, and removal of system.
D.

1. Soil conditions
2. Method of dewatering
3. Method of installation
4. When required, such as trenching projects or staged projects, moving of dewatering
equipment
5. Schedule considerations
6. Operation and maintenance (i.e., round-the-clock operation
7. Environmental requirements and impact.
Note: If discharging into a waterway, stream, or lake, check specifications regarding Corps
of Engineers or EPA permits. A qualification may be required in bid.
E.
Material Pricing
On large projects, this item is generally subcontracted to a dewatering specialist.

If not, materials vary with the method, but generally pumps, discharge pipe, well points
and hoses, casings, filter gravel, and header pipe are major considerations.
22
1502-0003

REINFORCED EARTH
This is a system of constructing earth-filled structures or retaining walls in lieu of sloped
embankments. The system consists of alternating layers of granular backfill and reinforcing
strips connected to modular precast facing panels.
A.
1.
2.
3.
Source Documents
Plot plan
Cross section and elevation drawings
Specifications
B.
1.
2.
Footing for wall is charged to the appropriate concrete account.
Concrete modular panels, moisture barrier, wall reinforcement, and material price of
reinforcing strips are calculated on square foot (SF) of wall.
Purchase and placement of granular fill and placement of reinforcement strips are
calculated by cubic yards of compacted fill and is charged to this account.
3.
C.
Units
Precast wall is measured in square feet (SF).
D.

1. Productivity of wall construction
2. Height of lifts for backfill
23
1502-0003

E.
Material & Subcontract Pricing
In as much as reinforced earth is a specialty product, a subcontracted price for the complete
job or the job less the cast-in-place concrete and earthworks can be obtained from a
contractor licensed for reinforced earth.
24
1502-0003
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PILING
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
SHEET PILING
1-10
LOAD BEARING PILING
11-24
1
1502-0022

PILING
SHEET PILING
This item includes labor, materials, and equipment for temporarily and permanently
reinforcing vertical walls of an excavation, or temporarily supporting part of structure in or
near an excavation, which structure may incur damage during excavation or construction.
Where subcontract piling is to be used, any KBR support work will be charged to this
account.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Source Documents
Plot plan marked to show location of sheet piling with size and type indicated
Section or elevation to determine depth of pile
Drawing or document to determine whalers, struts, and bracing requirements
Soils report
B.
1.
Shoring and sheeting of vertical walls of an excavation can be done by driving wood
or steel sheeting, or by driving soldier beams and installing timber slats between the
beams as the excavation progresses. This work is measured in square feet (SF) of wall
and is inclusive of all labor, material, and equipment for installation and removal.
Underpinning of a structure, is a system where temporary piling and beams are
installed to handle the loads of a structure that would be in danger of damage due to
the changing bearing capacities of the soil under the structure that result from the
excavation of materials near or adjacent to the structure. This work is generally preengineered prior to bidding and is measured on a lump sum (LS) basis for installation
and removal.
2.
C.
Units
Temporary shoring and sheeting is measured by SF.

Underpinning is measured on a lump sum basis.
1
1502-0005

PILING - Continued
SHEET PILING - Continued

D.

Rule of thumb - the stiffer the the soil, the higher the manhours; the longer the pile, the less
the manhours.
1. Soil conditions
2. Length of pile
3. Whalers and struts, or tie-back system
4. Method of installation (i.e., equipment, templates, number of moves, rigging)
5. Weather conditions (especially wind conditions)
6. In Marine installations, tides and currents
E.
Material Pricing
When all quantities are determined, the Estimator should inquire for a quoted material
price from a vendor (for temporary sheet piling?a 30% waste factor and the buy-back
allowance should be included in the material price).
2
1502-0005

PILING - Continued
LOAD BEARING PILING

Includes cylindrical steel piling, concrete, H" steel, treated and untreated wood piling, and
composite piles. Where subcontract piling is to be used, any KBR support work would be
charged to this activity.
A.
Source Documents
1.
Plot plans
2.
Foundation drawings
3.
Piling schedules
4.
Soils report
B.
Number of each type piling times length gives total length for each type of pile. Note any
cut-off or pre-drilling requirements and add labor costs. Also, be sure to consider whether
piling requires tension or uplift connections. If the connections are required, these are to be
detailed within the body of the estimate.
Note: This is a specialized field and cost can vary greatly due to soil conditions, installation
methods and equipment, and types of piling. Cost can also vary due to idiosyncrasies in
specification requirements such as minimum tip elevations, prejetting, predrilling, and
hammer size.
C.
Units
Linear Feet (LF)

D.
Productivity Analysis (If Direct)

1.
Size and length of piles
2.
Soil conditions
3.
Equipment requirements
4.
Method of installation
5.
Rigging time and hammer type
6.
Stay lathing requirements (if applicable)
3
1502-0005

PILING - Continued
7.
Tides and currents in marine work
8.
Weather conditions
9.
Piling cutoffs
10. Tension or uplift connections

11. Subcontract assistance (if subcontracted).
(If predrilling is required, subcontractor usually does not remove displaced materials).
4
1502-0005

PILING - Continued
LOAD BEARING PILING - Continued

E.
Material Pricing
The following will cover sizes, weights, and other characteristics of piles the Estimator
should know, particularly as it relates to RFQ packages. The piles included are:
1. Pipe piles
2. H-piles
3. Monotube piles
4. Wood piles
5. Precast piles
All piles are delivered FOB site and should include waste factor in pay lengths.
1. Pipe Piles
Pipe piles may be open or closed-end. If closed-end, they have a boot or a plate
welded on the bottom. The diameter of the boot plate is normally 1/2" larger than the
O.D. of the pipe, to facilitate welding. Boot plate thickness should be 3/4" for 10-3/4"
pipe and 1" for 12-3/4" for average driving conditions. When hard driving is
anticipated, boot plates may be thicker, and the lower few feet of pipe may have a
heavier wall or be reinforced; the top end must be cut perfectly square. When open
end piles are driven to rock, they are often cleaned out, after driving, by augering or
with air or water jets.
Characteristics of pipe piles of various diameters and wall thickness are given in
Exhibit 1, for common commercial sizes.
Pipe is normally supplied in single random lengths of about 20' or double random
length of 40'. While pipe piles can be extended with sleeves or by welding, this
involves additional cost and if practical, pipe is ordered in lengths to suit job
requirements. Spiral welded pipe can be furnished in lengths up to 80' to 100'. If pipe
is to be welded on the job, it should be ordered with beveled ends and back-up rings
will be needed.
Where they are economical and allowed, fabricated steel points and connecting sleeves
may be used. These came in many different styles, three of which are illustrated in
Exhibit 1A. The method of splicing sections will normally be covered in the
specifications.
5
1502-0005

PILING - Continued
2.
When requesting a quotation for pipe, the following must be covered:

a. Pipe specifications, including ASTM designation and grade
b. Outside diameter and wall thickness
c. Delivered lengths and tolerance
d. Delivery schedule - truck or rail
e. Type of end - square cut or beveled
f.
Boot plates, points and sleeves, back-up rings
g. Mill Test Certificates, if required
When the length of a pipe pile exceeds 80 to 100 times the diameter, the flexibility of
the pile may cause problems in handling and driving. Pipe with wall thicknesses of
.188" and less is very prone to failure during handling and driving due to local
crippling of the wall. This should be a consideration in the estimate.
Pipe piles are usually filled with concrete; cost for dewatering, cleaning, inspecting
and concreting are included. Pipe piles are sometimes filled with sand; they may also
be capped with a steel plate.
Forecasting pile lengths is particularly important in order to avoid excessive waste.
H-Piles
A table showing the properties of H-pile sections is in Exhibit 2. In Exhibit 2A are
detailed methods of reinforcing points, capping and splicing.
When requesting quotations for H-piles, be certain that all requirements of the
specifications are covered, including furnishing of mill test certificates. because they
usually weigh more, H-pile waste is even more expensive than pipe waste.
6
1502-0005

PILING - Continued

3.
4.
Monotube Piles
Monotube is a trade name for the cold-rolled tapered fluted steel piles made by the
Union Metal Manufacturing Co., Canton, Ohio. A table giving standard types will he
found in Exhibit 3.
Since these piles are much heavier than Raymond shells and since the corrugations
run lengthwise, they are usually driven without a mandrel.
Monotube tapered sections come in tapers of 0.4", 0.25" and 0.14" per foot, known as
types Y, J and F. These correspond roughly to the tapers of the Raymond standard
pile, the 4' step-taper pile and 8' step,taper pile. The type N" extension sections come
in 12", 14", 16" and 18" diameter and are essentially straight sided. They are welded to
the tapered bottom section, before driving, if the driver has sufficient leader height,
otherwise they must he welded in place after the bottom section is driven. Pipe has
also been used to extend Monotubes.
After being driven and cut off to grade, Monotubes are usually filled with concrete.
Wood Piles
Wood piles, being made from naturally grown trees, present some unusual problems
in getting them to the job. The type of pile to be used and their quality is usually
specified by the engineer. Our request should include a copy or extract of the
specifications, including at least the following:
a. Minimum butt diameter; as small as 10" for light piles, up to 14" or 16" for heavy
piles; measured three feet from the butt.
b. Minimum tip diameter; occasionally only 6" for light piles up to 10" or 12" for
heavy piles. Piles should taper uniformly from tip to butt.
c. The number of piles of each length needed. Since the lengths furnished must
match driving requirements, this must be specified as the lengths needed each
week or by some similar schedule. This is a critical item; once delivered to the job
there is no practical way to lengthen them. If they are too long, they will delay
the driver and disposing of the cut-offs will be a more serious problem. When
lengths vary substantially, the closest coordination is needed between the job and
supplier.
7
1502-0005

PILING - Continued

d.
The most commonly used treatment for wood piles is impregnation with coal-tar
creosote. After moisture is removed from the wood, the preservative is injected
by immersion in hot creosote under pressure. Work is done in treating plants and
several different processes are used. ASTM Specification D-1760 provides for the
temperatures and pressures to be used, the duration of the treatment and the
amount of creosote to be retained after treatment, in pounds per cubic foot of
wood, for various types of piles. Check your specifications for requirement for
treatment certificates.
e. Where and how the piles will be inspected. It is preferable that this be done in the
cutting area or at the treatment plant. Once unloaded on the job, any substantial
number of rejected piles will clutter the site. Even if not paid for, there may be a
problem in getting rid of them. Inspection requirements must be clearly
understood.
Reference should be made to ASTM Specifications D-25 for more detailed
requirements and limitation on defects.
Weight of wood piles will depend on length, type of tree, growth conditions, tip and
butt diameter, and moisture content. Douglas fir and Southern Pine will run from 24
to 33 pounds per cubic foot, oak from 32 to 39 and Greerhart 65 to 70 pounds per cubic
foot. Treatment will increase the weight by 5-15 pounds per cubic foot. For estimating
purposes, there is listed below a range of weights in pounds for untreated Douglas Fir
or Southern Pine piles of various lengths:
5.
20' 300-475#
80'
950-1850#
30' 350-700#
90'
1500-3100#
40' 450-900#
100'
1500-3100#
50' 550-1100#
110'
2200-4000#
60' 700-1500#
120'
2600-4500#
70' 900-2000#
130'
3100-5000#
Precast Piles
Precast piles must be reinforced to permit handling and driving. Reinforcement can
be conventional, pretensioned or post-tensioned but conventional reinforcement is less
8
1502-0005

PILING - Continued
frequent1y used today. Square and octagonal precast piles from 10" up to 24" have
been driven, the larger sizes being more frequently used for marine structures.
When requesting prices, a copy of the certifications and related drawings should be
included in the RFQ and priced by LF.
9
1502-0005

PILING - Continued
LOAD TESTING - PILES

This item includes all lateral, tension, and bearing test of load bearing piles.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
Source Documents
Plot plan
Pile schedule
Soil report
Specifications
Load tests are normally measured for payment by type of test and number required.
Note whether tested pile is a permanent pile or temporary test pile. In the latter case the
pile cost is paid for in the test program, whereas a permanent pile is usually paid for in the
piling item.
Cost for this item includes all temporary supports for kentledge, jacks, weights, and jacking
plates, all labor and equipment for the installation of kentledge, testing of pile (including
test lab) and removals.
C.
Units
Each (EA)
D.
Items to be considered in production analysis:

1. Type of test
2
Test loads
3. Specification requirements (especially time of test)
4. Method of test
5. Installation of test materials and equipment
6.
Removal of same
Note: Usually a subcontract item
E.
Materials Pricing
All materials required.
10
1502-0005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONCRETE
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
GENERAL
1-2
QUANTITY SURVEY APPROACH
COMPONENT INFORMATION
4-6
COMPOSITE WORKSHEET DEFINITIONS
7-8
CODE OF ACCOUNT ILLUSTRATIONS
9 -14
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FORMULAS
15-17
QUANTIFICATION EXAMPLES
18-25
CONCRETE SAMPLING" EXAMPLES
26-32
CONCRETE COMPOSITE SPREADSHEET EXAMPLES
33-34
1
1502-0023

CONCRETE
This major stem account is to include all activities and costs required for providing
concrete-in-place. These activities include:
Labor and materials for earthwork (i.e., excavation, backfill, shoring, minor
dewatering, surplus to spoil, etc.)
Labor and materials for formwork (i.e., rental costs, purchase costs, back-up lumber,
setting, stripping, rework, metal keyway, misc. blockouts, etc.)
Labor and materials for reinforcing steel (i.e., supports, chairs, bolsters, fabrication,
etc.)
Labor and materials for embedded items (i.e., angles, inserts for hangers, plates,
anchor bolts, etc.)
Labor and materials for miscellaneous specialty items (i.e., waterstop, joint materials,
admixtures, retarders, waterproofing, sawcutting, vapor barrier, encapsulation, etc.)
Labor and materials for other miscellaneous items (i.e., seal slabs, waste/overpour
(material only), etc.)
Labor and materials for consumable items (i.e., nails, form oil, curing compound, etc.)
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Source Documents
Plot plan
Foundation layout
Soils report or written comments defining soil bearing capacity and conditions (i.e.,
subsurface water/rock, contamination, reuse of excavated soils for backfill, borrow pit
availability, etc.
Drawings or sketches
Equipment List
Specifications
All takeoffs are neat.
All concrete accounts are by individual pour, not by foundation or piece of equipment.
All concrete quantities should be classified according to the code of accounts as
defined in the attached PCOA.
Examples of the proper use of standard takeoff forms are shown within this section.
The Estimator should utilize the Equipment List to ensure that all equipment,
requiring support, has been addressed by either quantities or qualifications. A
highlighted copy of the equipment list, reflecting this check/balance", should be
included in the backup book.
1
1502-0006

CONCRETE - Continued
6.
C.
Further information is included within this section.

Units
Refer to PCOA".
D.
Refer to the individual Component Information" within this section.

E.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Material Pricing
Ready mix
Reinforcing steel
Purchased backfill (if required)
Embedded materials
Formwork rental and backup lumber
Shoring rental for elevated slabs
2
1502-0006

QUANTITY SURVEY APPROACH

There are two basic approaches for executing the concrete quantity survey for an estimate:
1) Volume Only" survey
2)
Detailed Component" survey
The type/nature of the project, bid form, or Business Unit/Client will usually dictate the
approach. This will be discussed and agreed upon with the Chief Estimator and Project
Estimator prior to execution.
For the Detailed Component" survey, all components are quantified and shown in the
body of the estimate, and individually labored and priced by minor stem account. (i.e.,
excavation, backfill, formwork, rebar, embeds, anchor bolts, expansion joint, waterstop,
etc.).
Through experience, the Volume Only" approach has proven to successfully and
substantially streamline the takeoff effort, without sacrificing an intolerable level of
accuracy. However, in this approach, the estimator is responsible for an extensive
sampling" effort to allow a customized" set of unit rates that are job specific. The
sampling effort includes a detailed takeoff of all components for 10% -20% of all pours
within each minor stem account (i.e., excavation, backfill, formwork, rebar, embeds, anchor
bolts, expansion joint, waterstop, etc.). This will allow the estimator to establish the proper
ratios, to be reflected in the Concrete Composite Worksheet." All Estimators should know
the Network location of the standard concrete composite worksheet, created in a Excel
format, to establish unit manhour rates and material pricing for all projects. It is imperative
that the backup, for projects, includes these worksheets, as it represents a clear picture of
the overall approach reflected in the estimate.
3
1502-0006

COMPONENT INFORMATION
Excavation/Backfill
Whether executing a Volume Only" or a Detailed Component" survey, consideration
must be given regarding excavation/backfill methods.
In some situations, it is more cost-effective to create a combined or bathtub" excavation as
opposed to individual spot" excavations. These decisions should be made with input from
the Construction representative, Lead Estimator, and the Chief Estimator. Large, Mass
Excavation/Backfill operations or Bathtubs" should be charged to the C09/C10 accounts,
and smaller, combined excavations should be charged to the appropriate Cxx account in
which the concrete pour occurs. These special situations should always be quantified and
detailed in the body of the estimate. Examples of areas where this requirement might occur
are:
a. Paper Machine Building
b. Any large structure on spread footings or pile caps
c. Pipe Racks
Whether providing Bathtub" or Spot" excavation and backfill, the following items should
be considered for the quantification, material pricing, and productivity analyses:
a. Soil conditions
b. Subsurface water
c. Climate
d. Angle of repose for layback
e. Compaction specification (see attachment for Modified" and Standard" Proctor
requirements)
f.
Spoils area location (if applicable)
g. Borrow area location (if applicable)
h. Subcut requirements
i.
Engineered fill requirements
k. Sand, granular, crushed rock fill
1. Contaminated soils
m. Purchased structural fill (if required)
n. Severely restricted excavation/backfill conditions
4
1502-0006

COMPONENT INFORMATION - Continued

Ready Mix (Place.Finish and Cure)
The following items should be considered for the quantification, material pricing and
productivity analyses:
a. Special finishes (point/patch, rub, etc.)
b. Special ready mix admixtures (superplasticizer, etc.)
c. Special ready mix design (shrinkage-compensating, sulfate-resistant, etc.)
d. Curing specification requirements
e. Suppliers should be qualified and capable of supporting the requirements of the
project (batch plant capacity and truck fleet)
Formwork
The formwork execution approach can vary with respect to the size of the job, Construction
Manager, and design. The Lead Estimator, Chief Estimator, and Construction
Representative should be involved in discussions regarding the use of prefabricated forms
(i.e., Symons, Burke, etc.), and job-built formwork. If the option lies with Estimating, and
the project size or type allows it, the preference is for a pre-fabricated system, as this has
proven to be the most cost effective method. In addition, consideration should be given to
the schedule requirements, with respect to a reasonable number of uses per month, to
accurately reflect the proper formwork approach for the project.
The following items should be considered for the productivity, quantification, and material
pricing analyses:
a. Job-built forms vs. pre-fabricated forms
b. Construction schedule (number of uses)
c. Back-up lumber
d. Purchased vs. rental formwork (for pre-fabricated systems)
e. Temporary shoring for underpinning protection
f.
Shoring for elevated slabs should be quantified by volume (CF) and included in detail
in the body of the estimate.
5
1502-0006

COMPONENT INFORMATION - Continued

Rebar, Embeds, Anchor Bolts
The construction execution approach can vary with respect to the size of the job,
Construction Manager, and status of design. The Lead Estimator, Chief Estimator, and
Construction Representative should be involved in discussions regarding the use of a shopfabricated vs. a field-fabricated approach.
The following items should be considered for the productivity and material pricing
analyses:
a. Shop-fabricated vs. field-fabricated
b. Rebar coatings (epoxy, galvanizing etc.)
c. Embeds/Anchor Bolts coatings (galvanizing, epoxy, etc.)
d. Seismic zone (increased ratio requirements)
e. Rebar supports, chairs, bolsters, etc.
6
1502-0006

CONCRETE COMPOSITE WORKSHEET DEFINITIONS

LABOR
(All
categories
include
Foreman
and
General
Foreman
time.)
PFC Concrete
Place, finish, and curing operations. Includes all activities required to

complete this component (i.e., flatbed driver, laborers operating
vibrators, crane operator if required, application of curing required,
etc.)
Excavation
Equipment operators, laborers for hand work, dump truck driver for
spoils, etc.
Backfill
Equipment operators, laborers for hand work, dump truck drivers, etc.
Fab. Rebar
All activities required for field fabrication of rebar, if applicable.
Place Rebar
Unload and store, equipment operator for material relocation, and all
other activities required for rebar in place.
Formwork
Unload and store, equipment operator for material relocation,

fabrication of stakes/kickers/whalers, set/strip/rework forms, etc.
Note: for job-built forms, the fabrication labor is to be included in this
item.
Embeds, Bolts
Unload and store, relocation of materials, fabrication if required, and

all other activities required for embeds/anchor bolts in place.
Misc. Items
Area cleanup, minor pump and bail, waterstop, expansion joint, etc.
7
1502-0006

CONCRETE COMPOSITE WORKSHEET DEFINITIONS

MATERIALS
Ready Mix
Quoted price for supply of ready mix conforming to proper

specification.
Rebar
Cost of reinforcing steel delivered to the jobsite. Note: If rebar is to be

shop-fabricated, the cost for fabrication will be included and for fieldfabricated rebar, the price will reflect stock" steel.
Formwork
Cost for rental or purchase of the formwork system for pre-fabricated

forms will be shown in the proper category. For job-built forms, use
that category for the cost of plywood, framing lumber, etc.
Backup Lumber - Cost of backup lumber. The quantity is a % of formwork area.

Embeds,Bolts
Cost for embedded angles, plates, inserts, anchor bolts, etc. Price
should reflect proper approach (field fabricated or shop fabricated).
Ties, Nails, Etc. -
Cost for form oil, curing compound, rebar tie wire, nails, etc.
Backfill
Cost of purchased fill, if required, delivered to the jobsite (swelled"

price).
Other Misc.
Cost for waterstop, expansion joint material, joint filler, etc.
8
1502-0006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GROUT/FIREPROOFING
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
GROUT
FIREPROOFING
ACID PROOFING
FIREPROOFING TABLES
4-5
1
1502-0024

GROUT/FIREPROOFING
GROUT
Includes cost for providing equipment grout, column base plate grout, and all other grout
required for the project. Grout should be detailed by composition (i.e., non-shrink, epoxy,
sand-cement grout, etc.).
A.
1.
B.
Source Documents
Specifications
Grout is, typically, a factored quantity generated from factors created through historical
comparisons of grout vs. total concrete quantity. Epoxy grout is to be quantified from the
information given, and the balance (non-shrink and sand-cement) will be generated using a
factor. The factor will vary depending on the amount of paving and mass pours.
C.
Units
Cubic Feet (CF)
D.
Variation
E.
is
mainly
with
regards
to
composition
and
specification.
Material Pricing
Current pricing should be obtained.
1
1502-0007

GROUT/FIREPROOFING - Continued
FIREPROOFING
This minor stem account includes all costs for providing field-applied fireproofing
complete. Included is field applied cast-in-place, field-sprayed completing connection
points for shop-applied fireproofing, and touch-up of shop applied applications. Shopapplied fireproofing will, typically, be solicited through the structural steel fabricator.
A.
1.
2.
B.
Source Documents
Definition of requirements for, and limits of, all fireproofing required. This
information is the most useful when shown on structural steel sketches, where
required.
Specifications
Fireproofing quantities should be generated using the tables included in this section.
C.
D.
Units
Cubic Yards (CY) for cast-in-place fireproofing
Square Feet (SF) for sprayed fireproofing
Square Feet (SF) for fireproofing touch-up
Square Feet (SF) or Each (EA) for connection points
Will vary with execution approach. Is fireproofing to be applied prior to erection or

subsequent to erection?
2
1502-0007

GROUT/FIREPROOFING - Continued
E.
Material Pricing
Sprayed fireproofing is typically a subcontract item. Cast-in-place application can be either

a field-applied or subcontract item. Completion of connection points, as well as touch-up
for shop-applied materials is typically a field performed item. A decision must be made
regarding project execution. Material and subcontract pricing should be obtained
accordingly.
3
1502-0007

ACID PROOFING
ACID PROOFING
This minor stem account includes all costs for providing acid proofing complete.
A.
1.
2.
B.
Source Documents
Definition of requirements for, and limits of, all acid proofing required. This
information is the most useful when shown on concrete sketches, where required.
Specifications
Be sure to calculate the complete area to be protected, including the inside vertical surface
of curbs or walls.
C.
Units
Square feet (SF)
D.
This is, typically, a subcontract item.
E.
Material Pricing
Acid proofing is, typically, a subcontract item. Pricing should be obtained accordingly.
1
1502-0025
TABLE OF CONTENTS
STRUCTURAL STEEL
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
GENERAL
1-7
PRECAST CONCRETE
WOODEN STRUCTURES
9-10
FACTORS
11
QUANTIFICATION EXAMPLES
12-22
1
1502-0026

STRUCTURAL STEEL
GENERAL
All cost of procuring, fabrication, unloading, storage, handling and erection of structural
metals, including, but not limited to major structural framing, pipe racks and supports,
stairs, ladders, platforms, grating and handrails.
Excluded are embedded metals, anchor bolts, architectural hardware, tanks and vessels.
I
MAJOR FRAME
Major frame consists of all outer and inner columns, beams, bracing, girts, purlins, sag rods
and supports of a building or support structure of major equipment. Note: This account is
reserved for structures with enough tonnage to allow productivity economies. This
account will not necessarily exist on all projects.
II
MISCELLANEOUS SUPPORTS AND PLATFORMS-
Consists of steel which is late-erected, with respect to engineering drawing issue (i.e. minor
pipe/electrical supports, access platform framing, etc.). This account also includes support
framing for stick-built platforming. Additionally, this account will include smaller
structures with minimum tonnages (less than 20 tons) which, typically, results in
productivity decreases (i.e., independent stairwell structures, independent equipment
support structures, etc.).
IV
PIPE RACKS
This account consists of pipe racks located outside process structures. It is not to include
pipe hangers, anchors, minor supports, or T supports. Includes material cost if outside
shop fabricated. All secondary steel (walkway supports, platform support steel, grating,
handrail, etc.) is not to be included within this account.
A.
Source Documents for the Above Accounts
1.
Plot plans
2.
Structural steel drawings and details
1
1502-0008

STRUCTURAL STEEL - Continued
3.
Structural steel specifications
4.
Painting and coating specifications
2
1502-0008

GENERAL - Continued
B.
In making the quantity survey, only the identifiable members are taken off, with a
percentage (varying by weight category) added to totals for base plates, stiffeners and
connections. To help with consistency, the following order should be used in the quantity
analysis:
1.
Columns
2.
Beams by elevation
3.
Bracing
4.
Girts and purlins
Quantification of material is divided into the following categories by weight:

1.
Extra Light - =<12 #/LF
2.
Light - >12 to 22 #/LF
3.
Medium - >22 to 40 #/LF
4.
Heavy - >40 to 80 #/LF
5.
X Heavy - >80 to 150 #/LF
6.
XX Heavy - >150 to 300 #/LF
7.
XXX Heavy - >300 #/LF
Connection percentages to be used for each weight category are as follows:

Light
- 10%
Medium
- 8%
Heavy
- 6%
X Heavy
- 5%
XX Heavy
- 4%
XXX Heavy - 3%
3
1502-0008

GENERAL - Continued
C.
Units
1.
Erection Account (TN) - Includes all labor and vendor shop fabricated materials,
including shop applied coatings and fire proofing.
2.
Fabrication Accounts (TNS) - Includes all labor for field fabrication of structural steel
and the purchase of stock structural steel materials. Painting and coatings are not
included in this account. Note: as steel is generally purchased shop fabricated, these
accounts are basically used for field fabrication of miscellaneous items and variations
in the work, and are estimated on a percentage basis of the total tonnage of framing
steel.
D.

1.
Erection equipment
2.
Height of work
3.
Types of connections
4.
Welding requirements
5.
Accessibility to work
6.
Special handling (i.e., coated or fireproofed steel)
7.
Seasonal weather conditions
8.
Hot Work Permitting
9.
Fire Watch Requirements
E.
Material Pricing
Material cost is generally shop-fabricated materials by an outside source, and includes all
shop-applied coatings and fireproofing applications required.
Material for field fabrications is generally stock steel.
4
1502-0008

V
LADDERS, HANDRAILS, AND GRATING
This account includes caged and uncaged ladders, floor gratings, checkered plate flooring,
steel trench covers, handrail and toeplate, etc.
5
1502-0008

GENERAL - Continued
A.
Source Documents
1.
Plot plans
2.
Structural steel drawings and details
3.
Structural steel specifications
4.
Painting and coating specifications
B.
To help with consistency, the following order should be used in the quantity analysis:
1.
Gratings
2.
Handrail
3.
Ladders (caged and uncaged)
4.
Stairs
5.
Safety Gates
Take off of material is generally done in applicable units of measure (i.e., SF or LF) then
converted to tons, using the following factors:
1.
2.
Grating Size
#/SF
3/4" X 3/16"
5.7
1"X 3/16"
7.4
1-1/4" X 3/16"
9.1
1-1/2" X 3/16"
10.8
1-3/4" X 3/16"
12.5
2" X 3/16"
14.1
2-1/4" X 3/16"
15.7
2-1/2" X 3/16"
17.4
Handrail
12 LBS/LF - without toeplate
6
1502-0008

15 LBS/LF - with toeplate
7
1502-0008

GENERAL - Continued
3.
Ladders
14 LBS/LF- uncaged ladder
27 LBS/LF - caged ladder
4.
Checkered Plate
11.25 LBS/SF- 1/4" thick
5.
Stairs
93 LBS/tread (use 1.5 treads/vertical foot of height) This factor incorporates sloped
handrail, stringers, and treads as an assembled tonnage.
C.
1.
D.
Units
Erection Account (TN) - Includes all labor and shop-fabricated materials, including
shop-applied coatings and fireproofing.

1.
Erection equipment
2.
Height of work
3.
Types of connections (clip-fastened grating, etc.)
4.
5.
6.
Special handling (i.e., coated or fireproofed steel)
7.
Hot Work Permitting
8.
Fire Watch Requirements
8
1502-0008

E.
Material Pricing
Material cost is generally shop fabricated materials by an outside source, and includes all
shop applied coatings and fireproofing applications required. Material for field fabrication
is generally stock steel.
VI
CIRCULAR AND VESSEL PLATFORMS
This account includes any structural steel access device that attaches to a vessel or piece of
equipment, and is not conducive to the integrity of the framing or support of the vessel or
equipment.
9
1502-0008

GENERAL - Continued
A.
Source Documents
1.
Equipment arrangement drawings
2.
Equipment list
3.
Equipment data sheets
4.
Structural steel drawings
5.
Structural steel and equipment specifications
B.
In making the quantity survey, only the identifiable members are taken off, with a
percentage added to totals for base plates, stiffeners and connections. To help with
consistency, the following order should be used in the quantity analysis:
1.
Support steel
2.
Gratings
3.
Handrails
4.
Ladders (caged and uncaged)
5.
Safety gates
C.
Unit
1.
Erection Accounts - TN
2.
Fabrication Accounts - TNS
D.
Items to be considered when establishing productivity rates are as follows:

1
Erection equipment
2.
Height of work
10
1502-0008

3.
Types of connections
4.
5.
6.
Special handling (i.e., coated or protected steel)
11
1502-0008

GENERAL - Continued
E.
Material Pricing
Material cost is generally shop fabricated materials by an outside source, and includes all
shop-applied coatings and fireproofing applications required. Material for field fabrication
is generally stock steel.
12
1502-0008

ERECTION - PRECAST CONCRETE

Erection of purchased and field fabricated precast and/or prestressed concrete
components. Any field fabrication and casting is to be included in the concrete activity.
All Labor Only costs in the handling and erection of structural members including
columns, beams, bents, etc. This account will include the material costs of these items
when purchased from an outside vendor.
A.
Source Documents
If poured at jobsite, refer to concrete section of this manual.

If purchased from outside vendor, the documents would vary according to type of
structure, i.e., piperack, buildings, structures, etc.
B.
Must be taken off by cubic yards and converted to tons. (2 tons/CY)

Note: Grouting and connection requirements to be quantified.
C.
Units
Ton (TN.)
D.

1.
Size (weight) of each piece to be erected
2.
Method of connection
3.
Height and/or difficulty of placement
E.
Material Pricing
If purchased from outside vendor, connection material cost needs to be considered and
added to the estimate, if necessary.
If precasting is accomplished at jobsite, those costs are to be included in the C21 Account,
and the field connection activities are to be inlcuded in the C33 or C34 accounts.
13
1502-0008

FABRICATION - WOODEN STRUCTURES

All costs of field fabrication of wooden structures (not including buildings - example: wood
platforms, wood walkways) including materials for fabrication and purchase of outside
fabrication.
A.
Source Documents
Sketches or drawings.
B.
As required, but seldom used.
C.
Units
Thousand Board Feet (MBF)
D.
Construction specific.
E.
Material Pricing
As required.
14
1502-0008

ERECTION - WOODEN STRUCTURES

All labor only costs of erecting items named in Fabrication.
A.
Source Documents
Sketches or drawings.
B.
As required, but seldom used.
C.
Units
Thousand Board Feet (MBF)
D.
Construction specific.
E.
Material Pricing
As required.
15
1502-0008

METHODS TO DEVELOP STRUCTURAL STEEL QUANTITIES WHEN DESIGN NOT

PROVIDED BY ENGINEERING
Structural Steel and Platforms
When design sketches are not available for supporting structures, an approximate
estimate may be arrived at in the following manner:
a)
Condenser and Exchanger Structures

Sketch out a frame plan and elevation of the supporting structures and use 65 lbs. per
lineal foot of main beams and columns and add the weight of floor covering,
handrailing, ladders, stairways, etc.
b)
Reactor Structures
The same procedure is used as in a) above except that the weight per lineal foot of
main beams and columns shall be 45 pounds.
c)
High Stair Structures

Where checkered plate stair treads are used, the weight of a high stair structure ranges
from 500 to 600 pounds per foot of structure height. Where grating treads are used, the
weight will be approximately 520 pounds per foot of structure height. Grating treads
(spaced at 8 or 9 inches on centers) are priced per tread and converted into weight for
field cost.
Circular Tower Platforms

Minimum platform widths, where necessary, shall be:
1.
Platforms not servicing manholes and handholes 2'-6".
2.
Platforms servicing manholes and handholes 3'-0".
Note: Approximately 20 SF minimum required for manholes and handholes.

To find the platform requirements, a study of the engineering flow sheets and vessel
sketches must be made. After deciding on the number of platforms and the areas for each,
apply the weights defined below. (Note: Tabulated weights do not include floor plate.
Apply weight per square foot to the tabulated areas.
16
1502-0008

Access Platforms
Platforms for access to valves, exchangers, drums, storage tanks (when not supplied by
tank subcontractor), walkways over pipe ways, etc. shall be as follows:
a)
When checker plate is specified, use 35 LBS/SF.
b)
When open grid flooring is specified, use 25 LBS/SF plus the weight of open grid
flooring, depending on type and thickness.
The weight of posts, stairways, or ladders and cages must be added in all cases.
17
1502-0008

STRUCTURAL STEEL
Factors for developing structural steel quantities when design not provided by
engineering.
Note: The factors listed below represent "rule-of-thumb" checks and should be used for order-ofmagnitude estimating only.
Pipe Racks
Use 200# to 500# per linear foot of rack. Consideration must be given regarding rack
width, rack height, number of levels, etc.
Equipment Platforms
Use 25# to 35# per square foot of platform area. This factor allows for handrail,
ladders, stairs, and grating/checkered plate. Columns or posts should be added to
this quantity.
Conventional Steel Framing/Miscellaneous

For process structures, use 1.5# per cubic foot of structure volume. This factor
includes all framing, girts, purlins, platforms, handrail, grating, etc. For Reactor
Structures, use 4# per cubic foot.
Pre-Engineered Steel Framing

Use .5# per cubic foot of structure volume. This factor includes the rigid frame, girts,
purlins, etc. required for this type of design.
Structural Girts
Use 3# per square foot of siding area.
11
1502-0027

BUILDINGS/ARCHITECTURAL
When creating the Buildings" or Architectural" portion of estimates, the generic codes
allow for two varied approaches. One, is to utilize the major stem Buildings" account,
which summarizes the project by total building cost, or to use the major stem
Architectural" account, which summarizes the project by commodity. In some situations,
the Client or Project may dictate that we use the Architectural" accounts for various
reasons. However, if the option lies with Estimating, our comparisons and overall review
cycle are greatly enhanced and streamlined when using the Buildings" account. Examples
of input are included in this section.
In an organized meeting (as described in the procurement" section of the manual), the
project execution approach will be determined regarding subcontracts and direct hire
work. The construction representative will typically make these decisions. In the event that
the decision lies with Estimating, the chief estimator and lead estimator will agree on the
approach, which will then allow the creation of RFQ Packages to begin. The preference will
typically be to subcontract all building work turnkey," with foundations being provided
by KBR.
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Source Documents
Drawings/sketches of each building (plan and elevation cross section)
Line sketches with member sizes for KBR-engineered building steel
Foundation sketch for each building
Written description to address requirements for the following items:
Blockwork (8" CMU with zonolite fill, etc.)
Interior partitions (5/8" drywall on 3 5/8" metal studs, etc.)
Doors/hardware (hm, alum, double, single, transom, bronze, hardware, etc.)
Roofing system (4-ply b/u roof over 20 ga. metal deck/joists, etc.)
Floor covering
Architectural painting
Computer access flooring
HVAC (Westvaco units, positive pressurization, etc.)
Fire suppression (FM-200, sprinklers, deluge, etc.)
Office furnishings/equipment responsibility
Laboratory equipment detailed description
Plumbing fixtures. etc.
Bathroom accessories
Millwork
1
1502-0009

BUILDINGS/ARCHITECTURAL - Continued
- Continued
B.
1.
2.
3.
C.
1.
D.

All takeoffs are neat. Material laps should be reflected in material price, not quantity
(i.e., siding, metal decking, etc.).
Large openings should be deducted during quantity survey (i.e., rollup doors, large
duct openings).
KBR Engineering should be solicited to provide equivalent subcontract" pricing for
the H.V.A.C., plumbing and fire suppression portions of all projects where the status
of information does not allow for accurate outside" pricing.
Units
Refer to detailed definition of individual minor stem accounts within this section
Varies with type of construction.
E.
Material Pricing
After decisions are made regarding subcontract and direct-hire work, solicit pricing
accordingly.
2
1502-0009

PAINTING
PAINT STRUCTURAL STEEL

Includes all surface preparation such as sandblasting and all applications of paint-type
surface coating. Includes surface preparation and paint-type coatings for structural steel.
A.
Source Documents
Paint specifications are required to determine what steel will require painting, how many
coats, and type of application.
B.
This item covers painting of structural steel only. If galvanized steel is used, an allowance
for touch-up must be included. Quantities are derived from the total tons of steel to be
painted. To obtain the surface area coverage per ton of steel, use the following factors:
Extra Light/Light =< 22 #/LF
Medium
380 SF/TN
>22 - 40 #/LF
280 SF/TN
Heavy
>40 - 80 #/ LF
190 SF/TN
X-Heavy
>80 - 150 #/LF
140 SF/TN
XX-Heavy
>150 - 300 #/LF
100 SF/TN
XXX-Heavy
>300 #/LF
40 SF/TN
For touch-up steel requirements, a factor of 10% for painted steel (per coat) or 5% for
galvanized steel is applied to the factors above. Example: 100 tons of light, painted steel is
received finish-painted from the shop with a two-coat system.
100 x 380 SF/TN x 10% x 2 (coats) = 7600 SF touch-up
C.
Units
Square Feet (SF)

D.

1.
Mill thickness
2.
Type of paint
3.
Method of application
4.
Height and accessibility
1
1502-0010

PAINTING - Continued
E.
Material Pricing
From the paint spec such factors as type, number of coats, mils per coat, percent solids, etc.,
can be determined. To arrive at a cost per square foot, follow the attached procedure.
2
1502-0010

PAINTING - Continued
PAINT CMU AND DRYWALL

Includes surface preparation and paint-type coating for architectural applications.
A.
1.
2.
3.
B.
Source Document
Paint specifications
Architectural specifications
Architectural plans
This item covers painting of CMU and drywall only. Normally, if CMU is used, three coats
of paint may be required (sealer, intermediate and finish). If drywall is used, two coats of
paint may be required (sealer and finish). Quantities are derived from the total square feet
of CMU or drywall to be painted.
C.
Units
Square Feet (SF)
D.

1. Mill thickness
2. Type of paint
3. Method of application
4. Height and accessibility
5. Obstructions
E.
Material Pricing
Using vendor data, determine coverage per gallon. Use a 25% waste allowance.
3
1502-0010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUALIFICATIONS/BACKUP
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
QUALIFICATIONS
1-3
BACKUP
4-5
1
1502-0028

QUALIFICATIONS
The qualifications portion of the program must be utilized for documentation of the
following information:
Exceptions to specifications
Omission to scope of work and logic behind this decision
Explanation of estimate execution approach

The program allows the estimator to list qualifications, at will, within the body of the
estimate. This can be done as often as is necessary (refer to Estimate PC Users Manual). All
Estimators should take advantage of this capability as thoughts or information occur (i.e.
notes of interest while reading specifications, internal meeting highlights, thoughts
generated while performing data input, etc.).
The following qualifications are examples which should be included in all estimates.
Modifications need to be made to suit your project. Prior to finalizing each Estimate, the
individual qualification entries should be organized in the following format:
General
The input values for manhour rates reflect Gulf Coast productivity. A factor of 1.2 was
then agreed upon and applied to all accounts to address site specific difficulties (i.e.
congestion, special daily permitting, transport, etc.). The "Model" project from which
historical data was used for comparison is the Arco Clean Diesel project # BR-5490000, completed 6-9-90.
Quantities were derived from sketches generated by Engineering (Mike Nelson). The
following are exceptions, resulting in a conceptualized approach by Estimating:
Vendor-supplied platforms
Existing platform modifications @ Structure "B"
Demolition (site visit)
Subsurface rock will not be encountered during construction of this project.
Subsurface water will not be encountered during construction of this project.
Hazardous or contaminated material considerations are not reflected in our price.
Pricing was solicited and received for the following items, with selected bidders
shown:
Ready Mix Supply A & B Concrete
Jack Armstrong
214-555-1212
Rebar Supply C & D Rebar
Jane Doe
214-555-3434
1
1502-0015

QUALIFICATION - Continued
-
Earthen Materials Supply
Dirty's Trucking Co.

Jim Smith
214-555-5656
Asphalt Paving Harry's Paving Co.
Subcontract
Harry McMan
214-555-7878
Buildings Subcontract
Webuild, Inc.
Raquel Smith
214-555-1111
Pricing for the following items reflect the use of "In-House" pricing:
Non-shrink grout
Fencing
Formwork
Guard posts
Embedded metals/anchor bolts
Sheet piling
Demolition
Demolished rubble will be deposited into trash bins, provided by others, within a
close proximity to the construction area.
The general philosophy of Demolition is to abandon in-place, as opposed to removing

out-of-service equipment and demolishing foundations/steel.
Demolition quantities are derived from a combination of a site survey and marked-up,
as-built drawings.
Site Preparation/Improvements
Seeding or sodding has been included only @ disturbed areas.
Ditches do not require any special linings.
Demolished concrete rubble will be used for rip-rap @ ditch intersections.
Suitable materials for site fill will be available onsite, within a one mile radius of
required areas.
Piling
The piling depths used are 40' average, per Engineering.

Concrete
Excavated surplus will be suitable for backfill.
The concrete manhour rates for each code of account reflect the following:
Place, finish, cure ready mix
Structural excavation
2
1502-0015

QUALIFICATION - Continued
-
Structural backfill (from excavated surplus)

Rebar placement (shop-fabricated, no coatings)
Formwork (pre-fabricated)
Anchor bolts/Embeds placement (shopfabricated/galvanized)
Placement of miscellaneous items (waterstop, expansion joint, sand bedding,
vapor barrier, etc.)
_
Unload and store and miscellaneous cleanup
The material dollars for each code of account reflect the following:
Ready mix concrete
Rebar (shop-fabricated)
Formwork (pre-fabricated)
Anchor bolts, embeds (shop-fabricated)
Tie wire, nails, form oil, etc.
Miscellaneous items (waterstop, expansion joint, vapor barrier, etc.)
Sumps do not require any special concrete coatings or waterproofing application.
Grout/Fireproofing
Grout quantities are factored based on historical data from similar projects.
Epoxy grout is not required.
Fireproofing will be field-applied.
Fireproofing definition was not adequately provided by Engineering. Therefore, a

factored approach was used (40% of pipe rack tonnage @ 200 sf/tn = total area to be
fireproofed). The approach will be to "Gunite" apply fireproofing subsequent to
erection. Thickness requirement will be a 2" coverage.
Structural Steel
Structural steel pricing reflects shop-fabricated, shop-finish-coated steel, requiring

bolted connections.
The existing pipe racks have adequate space and design to support new piping.
Due to a lack of information, the majority of structural quantities reflect conceptual

design, generated by Estimating.
Buildings
Fire suppression is not required for the Substation Building, per Engineering.
H.V.A.C., plumbing, and fire suppression pricing was generated by Engineering, as a

Subcontract value.
Painting
Painting costs reflect touch-up of a shop-applied, three-coat paint system. The quantity
reflects two "passes".
3
1502-0015

ESTIMATE BACKUP
Organization, assembly, and storage of Estimate back-up information is extremely critical.

It is the Estimator's responsibility to organize, assemble, store, and retrieve upon request
all information pertinent to the Civil portion of all estimates.
Back-up information should be put into binders as it is accumulated or generated. The
binders, when properly organized, should allow other Estimators to understand the
methods or approach used to create the cost estimate.
There is a required procedure for storage of completed estimates. All Estimators must
follow this procedure for all estimates generated, without exception. Anyone who does
not fully understand the required procedure should ask the Chief Estimator.
On the following page, a standard "Table of Contents" has been included. This is to be used
for assembly of the back-up information for all projects.
Additionally, it is imperative that all estimates generated within the Civil discipline are
assigned a job # and entered in the CSA Log on the network. Again, if there is anyone
who does not understand this requirement, he or she should ask the Chief Estimator.
4
1502-0016

ESTIMATE BACKUP - Continued
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION
1.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Includes: Project assignment sheet, Codes, Initial tables
Notes, Memos, Conversations, Composite sheets Etc.
2.
SCOPE OF WORK
Includes: Scope of work, Drawing register
3.
ESTIMATE SUMMARIES
4.
ESTIMATE DETAILS
5.
ESTIMATE QUALIFICATIONS
6.
EQUIPMENT LIST (Checked/Balanced)
7.
MATERIAL SCOPE LETTERS/PRICING
8.
SUBCONTRACT SCOPE LETTERS/PRICING
9.
TAKE-OFFS/SKETCHES
10.
MISCELLANEOUS
11.
SPECIFICATIONS, SOILS REPORT
5
1502-0017

CREW MIXES
1
1502-0031

CREW MIXES
EXCAVATION
General Foreman 0.25
Foreman 0.5
Backhoe Operator 1.0
Dump Truck Driver 1.0
Laborers 2.0
REBAR
Foreman 1.0
Rodbusters 1.0
Rodbuster Helpers 2.0
Hydraulic Crane Operator 0.25
Flat Bed Driver 0.5
Laborers 2.0
BACKFILL
Foreman 0.5
Compactor Operator 1.0
Water Truck Driver 0.5
Loader Operator 1.0
Laborers 4.0
GROUT
Foreman 0.5
Carpenter Journeyman 1.0
Helper 2.0
Flat Bed Driver 0.25
CONCRETE
Foreman 1.0
Concrete Finishers 3.0
Ironworker-Reinforcing 1.0
Flat Bed Driver 1.0
Laborers 5.0
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Foreman 1.0
Journeyman 4.0
Welder 2.0
Helper 4.0
Crane Operator 1.0
Rigger 1.0
FORMWORK/EMBEDS
Foreman 1.0
Carpenter Helpers 4.0
Hydraulic Crane Operator 0.25
Flat Bed Driver 0.5
Laborers 2.0
PAINTING
Foreman 0.5
Painter 2.0
Helper 2.0
2
1502-0031
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLES/FORMULAS
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
WEIGHT OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
INCHES/DECIMALS OF A FOOT EQUIVALENT
REBAR LBS/LF
CAULKING VOLUME CALCULATIONS
LUMBER - BOARD FEET/LF
ROOF AREA FACTORS (PITCH)
STANDARD SHEET GAUGES & WEIGHTS
WEIGHTS OF PLATE
TABLES OF PROPERTIES OF PIPE
9-17
DRILLED SHAFT VOLUME TABLES

37
18-
OCTAGONS - VOLUMES/AREAS
38
FORMULAS FOR AREAS/VOLUMES OF COMMON SHAPES
39-52
MISCELLANEOUS CONVERSION FACTORS
53-76
METRIC SCALE CONVERSIONS
77
1
1502-0029

ESTIMATING SOFTWARE
There are software programs currently available and one program in the creation phase.
Users Manuals are available for the active programs.
Program Steel
Program steel is a manually input, computerized system which receives data in an ASCII
format. It eliminates the time required to calculate extensions and reduces the number of
errors which otherwise might occur.
Program Steel generates steel weights to suit a given code of accounts", by weight
category. The program recognizes a variety of member shapes or types such as Beams,
Columns, Bracing, Sag Rods, Plating, Structural Pipe, Grating, Handrail, Checkered Plate,
Ladders, Etc. In addition, for each of these categories, the program has the capability of
calculating fireproofing areas or volumes and painting areas as required.
Program Steel can be used for a variety of deliverables. These include a Bill of Materials or
a stand-alone" steel estimate, in Program Steel format, utilizing the labor/pricing
capability. Additionally, it can be automatically down-loaded" into ESP format, after
execution, properly coded and ready for integration with the balance of a project.
Program Concrete
Program Concrete is a Windows based program which can interface with a variety of data
sources, such as CMCS, project equipment lists, direct user input, and ESP. This program
processes (or quantifies) concrete volumes & a variety of related work activities, verifies (or
assigns) PCOAs, applies labor, material, and/or subcontract rates. The program is capable
of an automatic transfer into the ESP estimating program.
1
1502-0032

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KBR

ONSHORE ESTIMATING DEPARTMENT

OWNER: GREG MINICONE

Lead Estimator Responsibilities

Core Estimate Requirements

Official PCOA Narratives

Estimating/Engineering MTO Subcodes

CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

Qualifications & Backup

TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND REFERENCES

TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued

Geographics (Gulf Coast vs. West Coast)

Work in existing plants (congestion/accessibility, firewatch)

Rebuild/retrofit work (congestion, heat, firewatch)

Small jobs/small quantities

Winterization/productivity loss in cold climate

Lump sum vs. cost reimbursable projects (material pricing approach)

Hazardous contamination (requiring protective gear, etc.)

Seasonal weather conditions

LEAD ESTIMATOR RESPONSIBILITY

CORE ESTIMATE REQUIREMENTS

CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

Listed below are other important aspects critical to departmental Quality:

Keep your Chief Estimator abreast of all meetings, intermediate milestones,

Maintain communication with the Construction Representative to ensure that the

CORE REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTIMATE PRODUCTION

Written Scope of Work

CORE REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTIMATE PRODUCTION - Continued

L. Existing underground utilities

CORE REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTIMATE PRODUCTION - Continued

Office furnishings/equipment responsibility

CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

Special Requirements - Procedures

This is, generally, a labor only account.

CLEARING AND ROUGH GRADE

SITE CUT AND FILL

HAND EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

STANDARD PROCTOR" CHARACTERISTICS

MODIFIED PROCTOR" CHARACTERISTICS

CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

CLEARING AND ROUGH GRADE

Varies - type, density, terrain, location of burn or disposal site, etc.

This is, typically, a labor only account.

CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

SITE CUT AND FILL

An average end method analysis must be completed - see Example.

Cubic Yards (CY)

CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

SITE CUT AND FILL- Continued

Items to be considered when establishing productivity rates:

CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

Cubic yards (CY)

Items to be considered in productivity analysis:

This is, typically, a labor only account.

CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

Cubic yards (CY)

Items to be considered in productivity analysis:

CIVIL ESTIMATING GUIDELINES

HAND EXCAVATION AND BACKFILL

Drawings and specifications

This account is limited to earthwork activities which cannot be accomplished by use of

Cubic yards (CY)