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t.t
top - a dellalllea
a
valueofthe
. the
1.2
1 ., 1
--tite necmstty
-
is necessary because
dmia& dril1ing e
>
oftbe-~
cal.
be
tbe
alow ancl
value
30 O
.
} ,
ut
16
o m m~/m
40
lt
150
,eo
e , o
'i
~
160
ti
o.
CI
"O
190
200
210
no
230
240
ir Un 1
n
11 J
h n th
n-h l
th
, 1n
l
wall
tu
m tal
en l
l mad it i
t picaUy made at th end
end
th clrilling nd b
run '.
run 1
. at th
h l
irclm
confusion
1
~-oo ist
~~ ,.. '
t t~e
~ -18' atoa
Ji} a :1;t.c ;Cz
~ow,,
~r.iJa,!1'
pro.rc~scs 1ra.t.~ f:iJn11at'.io1J, is tn~eLor;~ '}0:~gerl ve.v s~i
.aJtg:_f Jrillio, a .1n.att~ yf ..,u1u..es t(J: s~v~al ho 16
Je~nJi~ un drillin. r;1t~ ~,l ,th~ ri~t~a!uc~ ht.;t,,,,. 0r0 u1,
~OIJSerted aurl ,;J, C~lDlJnt.lOWi l~i(!
hw 1l
f)
.......
. ,... !lll
1 IINI ,.,
.......,.........
CW El da: L . ., , . .
aua,aia
- .............'1--+------------1 .. ' ..
1
o,...
fJ
111
a ,
...... lllllk
P1 r1111lillt
- - 1111
1
a.11111ll11l111a
'1
i
1
1:
a.,
t.8
well logis
qaaad
- -
beia
-
ill
1be exploration
1
of
lop
lhoakt
or mme of
1 1
'
are
rocb - -
put
In die
contain as much
at
a
or
of
ofa
aacl die
of
. = l.
2 00
lO
tbe
itis
a
at
Oteqxe11me is li11lply
ay p11111n aboYe
die
(or
a partieular dcpdL
if
die
wltll a cklllily of.1
IIICI dll - pre111119 la
2500
I ID OWl1Jlllan. ClladllDd M
Noinlll pre111118 2500 m.
1.0, f/cr.rl,
==-==
=::
livm(3)
----xl.09
10
Me1181ed p111111192500m
tafcm2
Oveqn1m 3~
77.5 q/cm2
it
far a nombcr of
tbe
inall
brakll
___,- y
000
500
e I
w 11
ro il
ln
ion-.d 11;n pr
u~
th
ill
L
mud
---------------------------------
~~i~i~i~i~~~~~~~~i~l
mud
porou1 and
permeable .
format l on
I
h
n
.
1n
cake
nn
f d nami fi ltrati n a
th pr gre ive mud- ke
th
it nt
--
th
depth o1 i n~s
th r
(l)
CI)
as
CI>
~
o
e:
ti
mud in th
nd th n th
fr
u
th itu ti n h n th
10
100
1000
i u 2.
raphic repre ent ti n
nd mud-c
uild-up
modified fr m
INVAOEO Z ON E
d rllllng mud
fllt r e t e
mud
d ep l h ol l nvu lon
dia meter of
-- - --
run.
or i gina !
fo rmatlo n flui d a
1---
rate ot nvasion
lnvaei on
10 000
ELEC RICAL
th
r 11
1n
IL
et o
l
SFL
SFL
th
Spheric I y
focused
icrolog
ACOUSTIC
8HC
UCLEAR
CNL
r-on
LDL
Dan 1ty
oto 1ectric
o bo bol
i important. t i
.
.
urf
p~
ur
TEMPERATURE
LOGGING
...
s:.
.,
Q
,, 3
at is 1n
.+----l--,1\,-\,,-~-J.-~
10
5 - - -100
- - - 200
---300- - 400
temp r ture, 0
-of
r.,. 11 :
11 : 1 1 1
.,
1
: : '
DI
a
4
HOL
CALIPER LOGS
n1 l
m
li
ur h l
Se
12
rti
&
01 METER
1 : nc:hea - - - -
1
1
1
b1 /
SH LE
1
t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
'on g ug '
ARO U
e o
PER
ABL
S
OSTON
lMPER
ABLE
SANDSTO E
............
. . . . . . . . . .. ,' .....
' ............. ... .
:~:;::::::::::; 1
:: : :: : : :: :: : : : 1
:::::::::::::; 1
.....
.. .. ' ..... .
'bad ol o
' lght pot'
Th
n
utput.
utput
di m t r
nd
.
n
n 1n
riati n a r
imp:1
movin
4.2
1u in
1. C LIP R
( n)
- 25
,,_, ___________
lt5
CAU (1n)
25
15
l.
1
.
10
1
,,
j
~-----------------( )
-2
8
b t
di
..
.' .
.
,. .
''
10
rl
: (l
in rdinary
.:
... ..
,
I'>,.
b t te
d me e,
o-,eterenc
~.
\ t'lole te
d m ter ( t arrowh
+ir
d)
~1
t "'
CAUPE.R
20
FERENTIAL
met r;
s te
7-
'
o-ar. .
.. . ,,~........~on
aving i
f certain pecifi
i
u h a e
r
n rgani
hale . In
m fi 1 , ev n with varied drilling flui and drilling
t hniqu
it i found that e rtain tr tigraphl I v 1
habitu lly e
- gen rally for m hanical t xtural
n.
CALIPER
inches
25OOm 6
1
16
11' '
bit
r-.. callpor
,
i
~
",
,
1,.
mud
- ...... ,
ko
:,
'
l
\
2625m
JI:
c.
11.
\
\
'
' ,,
--
,,
i
1\
,:,
) ~. lo"
'
Fi u
B Tl ht
8
UTHO OGY
1
'""s 112
,
l
1
.-
inch
THO OGY
'
....
DlfF. CA I IP A
'
iz
.4
dl1
thaD
w:
1 1 1
be
tiom a
sbape a
tobe
to be
ancl IOllncl
a
of
can be
i cr
ize
1 G
ge
,,
''
Washout
Breakout
Key Sea
n f
e
c
- 3-2 - 4 _,........ ..
are
tbe
. 6). B
g
ll
t i
l.
di
.
it
.
lt
OT
TA
9
o
_,
SELF-POTE TIA
OR SP LOGS
Perm ab b
Rw - sal
- fre
2
m1--- --
~ r-----
er . able
d
Rw - fre h
R 1 - sal
-...... . . .-
-a -...
. .......
- ....... ...........
... .... .... ..........
. ..
._
..
"'T
......-.
- ~
,.
. . . .
,.
"'
...
75
r i ti
S,
..
<
'"
Cle ns nd
5.1 Geaei
n.-,
Tbe
is a measurement of tbe natural potential
ditrmnces or aelf:~
between an electmde in lbe
borehole and a
!!!!!!
electrode at the aurface: no
artificial
are
.......
5.2). (The CWieutl
wae actully caUed
la 8J10ftlanl1'*, or 'spontapoteadals',
Scb1u11Jbelger IIKI RG.
wbo cliaco1end
----from
,,,.,,,..,...uses of
Tbe principal
don-water
also be uaed
the
loa are to calculate f01 1naand to incticate ____ . . lt CBD
volu,,e. to intlicate facies
1
for
oo
Rlo
100
200
300
Mt
mov n
I etrod
M2
earthed electrode
wf;
rr n :
1. OIFFUSION
Cl-
flOTENTIAL
cr
[17% of SP)
cr
et-
ne
of porous a
permeable
sand
MEMIPU.NE
<:OHc
OILUT 50WT''1
2 . SHALE
Na+
POTENTIAL
(83 % ofSPJ
Membr ne
of s m,permea le
shale
SOUlfl
COHC Ita O
FORMATION
Figure S.3
1 i
dilu
n.
die
die
Na+
5.3J).
Tbe abale polfflliel arias wbm Iba 1n ,re two solutioM
are 111
ioas ==
tbe
cbaqe.A
in the concentntcd aolatioa
is die lqer of avo mee
HOLE
FORMATION
hi
upl
ls.P. LOO
m I liOlt
1n
- '
u _, nt
h
n
t
n th t
ilJ n t
n
hu
l
fluids
FILTRATE
higher salini y
MUO
hower saJinity
SA P curren in th
h 1 . Tb ffi
potentiaJ and th diffu ion tential act together t
cau ing an P 1og d fl
tion.
--
I"'
::t
ohms-m1/m
(ll
1/500
RESIS IVITY
'V
~
mitlivolts
10
..
s. P.
8
o
,-
11
1
1
,1 11
11
:1
I'
'I
l1
1
1
11
:1 1 1
11
11 1
1 11
1 1)
1
11 1
:t l ,11re 5 SP' lo : pre enitatio.n.. Th SP is in tt-ck . There i - no, ab . ]me ca ~ oaly ielatve defliection - aegativ,e or positive..
1 dir i ion uaJ. 10 mi U 0 lt .
1 1 111
abl
.l
f th
iplin
u ntit ti
ali ti
troph ic
PI g.
d or
t r
ud fil
Pan
hal lio
perm ability
la / rain
fi
i tivit and
tbe
lial: it gives no absolu
of the SP must be an
(1
the
1950m
.
1n
uan ta
th i
SPONTANEOUS POTENTIAL
1-----...:..~"""'T""-
lithology
1900m
Nell data
Rm
0 . 44.n. 40 5C
Rmt
0 . 68.n 25C
Rmc
2 .18 .n 25C
Bofehol
t8fll). SO C
Rw :: 0.27 n
th I g-d .
aluation o
n
at can be u
25"C
Lithofogy
D
D
P
the forma on- a
SANO
SILT
SHALE
Produced hydrocarbons
OIL
~ GAS
ad
logical
SSP.
THIN BED
Log 2
(deep lnvaaon)
.....
.............
......
S.S.P.
... .
4. LIITHOLOGY
1
eUect ,o
sh '
Lo
01
S.S.P.
iill
atOil')'1
1
l_ - - -
5.HYDROCARBONS
3 . SHALY SAND
.A
tbe
Generally
a
wiD be negative
more aaline Iban
h
- -
of
to be
tbe
,.
(1)
the
(cf.
i.,...,.,... .
S11ole .,,,,,_,,,.,, SP
SP)
lt is co
....,..
volume of
e V in a waterwet. shaly
e can be simply calculated using the
SP as follows:
PSP = ma:1
e ~~ ==~- potential = the SP read
in the water-bearing shal:y sand zone.
. spootaneous
.........
tial = maxunum
.
SP val
= static
- ue
10
SHALE
GAS
POROUS
......
. .......
..........
. ..... ...........
... ... ... ... . ................. <l..
.........
::::::::::::::::::::
.........
-........... ..
SALT :,:,:.;.:,:,:.;-:.:,
OIL
SANOSTONE
RESISTIVITY A D
CO DUCTIVITY LOGS
<>>:
\
1
SALT
WAT R
POROUS
SANDSTONE
POROUS
SANDSTONE
TIGHT SANDSTON
' OUARTZITE '
FI ING UP
SANOSTONE,
POROUS ,
SALT WAT A
. 1 Th
mt
urr nt.
SHAL y
CLEAN
- - - -- deep
s.h.alll ow
. Th r i ti it
l .
FIESIS,TIVITY L OGS
ffi
lh
rm ti n an it
ntain
Hui .
8.1 GeneraUUes
TINIIJc
The
CUlrent.
lt is
,,_ured by
a
s
orits
CUllllll, lt is measunsd by die
generally CODVe
111rea11
ancl
onJoa
rock
enclosed fl
are
0D
tbe
porous
low.
may
: 1
were devel
-=
COlllliblllO
ancl
bemniaoD-blled
tbe
hlled.Howevm,
aacl
raw
111aybe
for
or