Documente Academic
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them into process. Between the theory and research project there are extremely complex
and important feedback mechanism at work.
Based on the two explanations above, the feedback between research and theory is
important for the research result. A good theory needed to get a good research result, as
well as when the result has completed it should back to the theory for modifying in the
process.
2. What happens if the research results-contradict the theory?
Based on the flow diagram for social research (Runcie, 1980) researcher should continue
to suggest future research then write the result including reasons for rejecting hypotheses.
3. What is the general purpose of research?
Runcie (1980) There are many reason for conducting, the primary one seems to be to
further the knowledge of the subject matter that is claimed by the discipline.
4. What may be the purpose of research in English or English teaching?
Based on the general purpose of research stated by Runcie, it can be said that the purpose
of research in English teaching is to develop English education knowledge including
curriculum development, improvement material, resources and methods for English
teachers and learners.
Activity 3
Read Runcie, 1980:11-15 and Tuckman, 1978:10-15, and solve the following problems in
a small group discussion (4-5 members).
1. What are the characteristics of the research process, and describe (in one sentence)
each one of them!
The Characteristic of Research Process (Runcie, 1980)
A social survey asked the same questions of several hundred or several thousand persons.
An observational research project in which questions are not asked by the researcher but
which is conducted only through the watching of the behavior of the subject.
An experiment with human subject carefully controlling the effect of some independent
variable to see what its effect is on some supposed dependant variable.
(Runcie, 1980)
The Characteristic of Research Process (Tuckman, 1978)
Research is systematic
Research is structured process by procedural specifications for identifying and
defining variables, for designing studies in which these variables will be examined and
their effect on other variables determined, and for relating the data thus collected to
the originally stated problem and hypothesis.
Research is logical
Research follows a system that employs logic at many points.
Research is empirical
Research has a reality references.
Research is reductive
Research plays an explanatory role rather than simply a descriptive one.
Research is replicable and transmittable
Researcher may use the results of a study or build research result of another.
2. What is one of the most important features common to all research project?
One of the Most Important Features Common to All Research Project
One of the most important features common to all research project is the attempt to show
how one variable is the cause of another. Our theory tells us what to expect, our method
tells us how to go about or research, and our result shows us what we have found which
feeds back into the first two.
3. What are the steps to be taken in conducting research?