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Bending Stress
M = (6 in) P
The bending stress will be,
x = 144.87 P
xy = 72.43 P
Stress State at top of
Circular Sections near wall
MECHANICS - EXAMPLE
Example
Solution
Mohr's circle can be used to understand the solve for
this stress state by first finding the largest radius R for
which the shearing stress does not exceed 100 MPa
and then determine the allowable torque.
To draw the Mohr's circle, first the center should be
determined. Since, (x + y)/2 = (150 + 75)/2 = 112.5,
this will be at (112.5 , 0).
Assuming a radius R, the Mohr's circle is plotted on the
left. From the diagram principal stresses are,
1 = (x + y)/2 - R
= 112.5 - R
Mohr's Circle
2 = (x + y)/2 + R
= 112.5 + R
where R = | (1 - 2)/2 |
MECHANICS - THEORY
Failure Thoeries
Question
What is the maximum load that can be placed on the
bracket using the maximum distortion energy theory?
Approach
bar.
Question
What is the normal and shear stress in the direction of
the 30o and -30o fibers?
Approach
MECHANICS - THEORY
Combined Stress (or Loads)
Stress Element
Positive Directions
xy = yx
Stress Rotation
In the Normal Stress section, stress on an inclined
plane was presented. It was noted that stresses are
not vector quantities, and are not rotated by just using
a single sin or cos function. For the normal and shear
stress on an inclined plane, the rotated stresses were
found to be
Stress on an Inclined Plane
Simplifying gives
Simplifying gives
Any Angle
It is interesting to plot the changing stresses as a
function of angle. As expected, the stresses vary in a
periodic cycle. Due to the double angle trigonometry
terms in all three equations, the period is 180 o.
MECHANICS - EXAMPLE
Example
What is the shear stress on a plane 42o from the horizontal
(plane a-a)?
Solution
Stress Element
x = -10 ksi
y = -20 ksi
xy = 30 ksi
= 42o
Notice, the two normal stress are negative since the arrows in
the original problem diagram are pointing in the negative
direction.
Stress Element Rotated 42o
Question
What is the maximum shearing stress at point A
anywhere along the beam length? What is the
maximum normal stress?
Approach
Shelf System
MECHANICS - THEORY
Principal Stresses in 3D
Beam Loading
Fy = 0 = V - 50(0.2 - x)
V = (10 - 50x) kN
and
M = (1 - 10 x + 25 x2) kN-m
The maximum shear and moment will be at the wall,
Vmax = 10 kN and Mmax = 1 kN-m
b = My/I
= (1 kN-m)(0.01167 m)/(3.075 10-7 m4)
= 37.95 MPa
The shear stress at A, is
Distance from NA to Point A
= 21.68 MPa
= 28.81 MPa
This occurs at an angle of
-max = 20.60o
The rotated normal stresses are equal when the shear
stress is a maximum, giving
p = -24.41o
MECHANICS - EXAMPLE
Example
What is the maximum shear stress in the stress element
shown?
Solution
Stress Element
Question
Dimensions
Approach
MECHANICS - THEORY
Thin-walled Pressure Vessels
Both cylinderical and spherical pressure vessels are
common structures that are used ranging from large
gas storage structures to small compressed air tanks
in industrial equipment. In this section, only thin-walled
pressure vessels will be analyzed.
A pressure vessel is assumed to be thin-walled if the
wall thickness is less than 10% of the radius (r/t > 10).
This condition assumes that the pressure load will be
transfered into the shell as pure tension (or
compression) without any bending. Thin-walled
pressure vessels are also known as shell structures
and are efficient storage structures.
Cylindrical Pressure Vessel with
Internal Pressure
p(r2) = a(2rt)
This can be simplified to
Notice, the hoop and axial stress are the same due to
symmetry.
Failure Criteria
The maximum distortion energy criteria takes into
consideration stresses in multiple directions. The
equation is
MECHANICS - EXAMPLE
Example
Solution
The pressure corresponding to a head of 30 m water is
given by
p = gh
= (1,000) (9.81) (30)
= 294 kPa
F = 0
F - 2P = 0
F = 2P
441 L = 2 (39)
L = 0.1769 m = 177 mm
Pt 1 Pt 2
O
A
O
B
O
C
Distance (cm)
Initial
Final
1.0
1.00150
1.41421
1.41775
1.0
1.00200
Question
What is the maximum shear strain in the area of
OABC?
Approach