TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION TEST

AIM: To determine the shear strength of soil under triaxial loading conditions.
APPARATUS:
Triaxial cell, Compression machine, Cell pressure application system, pore pressure
measuring device, Volume change measuring device, Proving ring, Deformation dial guage,
Split mould, Trimming knife, Rubber membrane, Membrane stretcher, Rubber O rings,
Balance, Apparatus for moisture content determination.
PROCEDURE:
1. Prepare a test specimen of necessary diameter and length, and measure its weight.
Place a rubber membrane around the specimen using the membrane stretcher.
2. De-air the outlet line at the pedestal of the triaxial base, place on its top a saturated
porous stone with a filter paper disc, and then position the soil specimen with the
membrane stretcher around it. Put a loading cap on the specimen top, and seal the
membrane on to the pedestal and the top cap with "O" rings.
3. Assemble the triaxial cell with the loading ram initially clear of the top cap. Fill the
cell with water, raise the water pressure to the desired value, and maintain the
pressure constant. Raise the platform of the compression machine to bring the ram in
contact with the seat on the top cap.
4. Set both the proving ring dial gauge and deformation dial gauge to zero, select an
axial strain rate, and verify that the cell pressure remains constant.
5. For undrained shearing of saturated samples, either close the outlet valve at the base
of the cell or connect it to a pore pressure transducer. For drained shearing of
saturated samples, connect the outlet to the burette for volume change measurements.
6. Apply axial compression load and take readings of the proving ring at intervals of
0.20mm vertical deforrmation till the peak load has been passed, or till the strain
reaches 20% of the specimen length. Record also burette or pore pressure readings, as
applicable.
7. Remove the axial load, drain the water from the cell, remove the specimen, make a
sketch of the failure pattern and take soil samples for water determination.
8. Repeat the test on identical soil specimens under different cell pressures.

OBSERVATION & CALCULATIONS:Least count of deformation dial gauge(mm/div)= 0.002, Proving ring
constant(kg/div)=0.3465, Initial diameter of specimen Do(mm)=38mm,
Initial
length
of
specimen
Lo(mm)=76mm,
Initial
area
of
specimen,Ao(cm^2)=11.33cm^2.

SAMPLE-1
MINOR
PRINCI
PLE
STRESS
(3)
(kg/cm
^2)

0 .5

DEFLECTI
ON RING
READING

PROVING
RING
READING
(kg)

DEVIATORIC
STRESS(d=
1-3)
d=(load/Ac)
*.3465
Kg/cm^2)

CORREC
TED
AREA(Ac
)(cm^2)

VERTIC
AL
STRAI
N(dL/L
o)

100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400

0
9
13
19
22
25
28
30
33
35
38
40
42
44
46
49
51
52
55
57.5
59
61
63
65
66
68
70
71
77.5
79
79
78.5
78
77

0
.27379
.39443
.57497
.66402
.75260
.84072
.89844
.98488
1.0418
1.1282
1.1846
1.2406
1.2964
1.3507
1.4352
1.4900
1.5153
1.5974
1.6658
1.7050
1.7569
1.8100
1.8629
1.8853
1.9376
1.9881
2.0115
2.1885
2.2254
2.2182
2.1988
2.1778
2.1447

11.37
11.39
11.42
11.45
11.48
11.51
11.54
11.57
11.61
11.64
11.67
11.70
11.73
11.76
11.80
11.83
11.86
11.89
11.93
11.96
11.99
12.03
12.06
12.09
12.13
12.16
12.20
12.23
12.27
12.30
12.34
12.37
12.41
12.44

.00263
.00526
.00789
.0105
.0132
.0158
.0184
.0210
.0237
.026
.0289
.0316
.034
.0368
.0395
.042
.045
.047
.05
.0526
.0553
.0579
0.061
0.063
0.066
0.068
0.0711
0.0737
0.0763
0.0789
0.0816
0.0842
0.0868
0.0895

MAJOR
PRINCIP
LE
STRESS
(1)
(kg/cm
^2)
.5
.77379
.89443
1.07497
1.16402
1.2526
1.34072
1.39844
1.48488
1.5418
1.6282
1.6846
1.7406
1.7964
1.8507
1.9352
1.99
2.0153
2.0974
2.1658
2.205
2.2569
2.31
2.3629
2.3853
2.4376
2.4881
2.5115
2.6885
2.7254
2.7182
2.6988
2.6778
2.6447

SAMPLE-2
MINOR
PRINCIPL
E
STRESS(
3)
(Kg/cm2)

DEFLECTI
ON RING
READING

PROVING
RING
READING(
Kg)

DEVIATORIC
STRESS(d=
1-3)
(d=(load/Ac)
*0.3465)
(Kg/cm2)
2.5
0.0076

100

CORRECT
ED AREA
(Ac)
(cm2)

VERTICA
L
STRAIN(
dl/L)

11.37

MAJOR
PRINCI
PLESTR
ESS(1)
(Kg/cm
2)
1.0076

0.00263
200

0.1520

11.3954

1.1520
0.00526

300

400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300

1400

12
17.5
21
24.5
27
30
32
35
37
39.5
40.5

0.36295
0.5279
0.6318
0.7351
0.80797
0.8953
0.9524
1.039
1.095
1.166
1.192

11.4256
11.456
11.486
11.517
11.548
11.579
11.61
11.642
11.67
11.71
11.74

1.2426
0.007895
0.0105
0.0132
0.0158
0.0184
0.021
0.0237
0.026
0.0289
0.0316
0.034

1.36295
1.5279
1.6318
1.7351
1.80797
1.8953
1.9524
2.039
2.095
2.166
2.192

11.77

1500

45

1600
48.5
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000

0.2426

51
54
56
58
59
61
62.5
64
65
66
66.5
66.5
66
65

0.0368
1.3214
11.8
0.0395 2.321
4
1
2.420
.4200
11.83
0.042
1.489
1.5725
1.626
1.68
1.70
1.76
1.79
1.83
1.86
1.88
1.89
1.88
1.86
1.83

11.866
11.899
11.93
11.965
11.999
12.032
12.066
12.0996
12.1337
12.1679
12.2
12.24
12.27
12.31

0.045
0.047
0.05
0.0526
0.0553
0.0579
0.061
0.063
0.066
0.068
0.0711
0.0737
0.0763
0.0789

2.489
2.5725
2.626
2.68
2.70
2.76
2.79
2.83
2.86
2.88
2.89
2.88
2.86
2.83

SAMPLE 3:MINOR
PRINCIP
LE
STRESS(
3)
(Kg/cm2
)

DEFLECT
ION
RING
READING

100

DEVIATOR
IC
STRESS(
d=1-3)
(d=(load
/Ac)*0.34
65)
(Kg/cm2)
0.2133

200 10

0.304

300 14

0.4245

400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300

1.5

PROVING
RING
READING
(Kg)

16
20
23
24
26
29
31
33
34
35
37

0.484
0.6033
0.692
0.72
0.78
0.866
0.923
0.98
1.006
1.033
1.089

1400
1500 38
39

1.1158
1.1423

1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400

1.17
1.194
1.22
1.245
1.271
1.296
1.32
1.33

CORR
ECTED
AREA
(Ac)
(cm2)

VERTIC
AL
STRAI
N(dl/L)

11.37 0.0026
3
11.395 0.0052
4 6
11.425 0.0078
6 95
11.456
0.0105
11.486
0.0132
11.517
0.0158
11.548
0.0184
11.579
0.021
11.61
0.0237
11.642
0.026
11.67
0.0289
11.71
0.0316
11.74
0.034

MAJOR
PRINCIP
LESTRES
S(1)
(Kg/cm2)

1.7133
1.804
1.9245
1.984
2.1033
2.192
2.22
2.28
2.366
2.423
2.48
2.506
2.533
2.589

11.77
0.0368
11.8
0.0395 2.6158
11.83
0.042 2.6423

1600
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
46.5

2500 47

1.34

11.866
11.899
11.93
11.965
11.999
12.032
12.066
12.099
6
12.133
7

0.045
0.047
0.05
0.0526
0.0553
0.0579
0.061
0.063

2.67
2.694
2.72
2.745
2.771
2.796
2.82
2.83

0.066 2.84

2600 48

1.37
1.39

12.167
9
12.2

49

0.068 2.87
0.0711 2.89

50

1.41

12.24

0.0737 2.91

51

1.44

12.27

0.0763 2.94

52

1.46

12.31

0.0789 2.96

53

1.49

53

1.48

55

1.54

55

1.53

56

1.55

56

1.55

55

1.52

55

1.51

2700
2800
2900
3000
3100

12.34

3200

0.92
3.05

12.52

3700

0.0895
3.05

12.49

3600

0.868
3.03

12.45

3500

0.0842
3.04

12.41

3400

0.0816
2.98

12.38

3300

3800

2.99

0.0947
3.02

12.56

0.0974
3.014

12.59

0.1

MOHR CIRCLE OF THREE SAMPLE IN TRIAXIAL TEST TO GET THE C&

VALUE:-

0.3990

16

RESULT:For the 1st sample 3=0.5kg/cm2,1=2.72kg/cm2.For the 2nd sample

3=1kg/cm2,1=2.89kg/cm2.For the 3rd sample 3=1.5kg/cm2,1=3.05kg/cm2.
By plotting the values of major principle stress and minor principle stress we get
that mohr circle. From this circle we get the cohession value(C) and angle of
internal friction (). C=0.3990kg/cm2 and =16.

TRIAXIAL TESTING MACHINE:-

DISCUSSION:We done the experiment in soil lab successfully and we get the failure of
the soil sample. There are three types of failure- brittle, semi plastic,
plastic.

Sample:1
Sample:3

Sample:2

CONCLUSION:We get the modes of failure for these three samples. For 1 st
sample modes of failure is brittle failure, for 2 nd sample modes
of failure is semi plastic and 3rd sample modes of failure is
plastic.