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BEKG 2433
Transmission Line Model
5/5/2016
to ensure the correct specifications is used for safe & effective operation as stated in
the utility requirements , regulations/standards (e.g. grid code)
Challenge of securing right-of-ways for the construction of transmission lines (as
evident in a recent case in Selangor) rerouting of transmission lines have resulted in
additional costs incurred as they involve longer routes & also more losses.
ANALYSIS & TROUBLESHOOTING
When problems occur (e.g. fault, tower collapse etc) the line parameters will change,
the profile will also change & will affect the operation of the system (e.g. loadibility).
MAINTENANCE & UPGRADE
T-line are built to last for 50 years++, aging transmission lines need to be maintained
, upgraded or replaced after performance evaluation to meet ever increasing demand
of power supply
IR
Vs
-
ABCD
VR
-
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VS AVR BI R
I S CVR DI R
VS A B VR
I C D I
R
S
Is
IR
Vs
-
ABCD
VR
-
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Remember!
Complex Power
VLL 3 VLN
S S 3 3VS LN I S* LN
or
S S 3 3VS LL I S* LL
S R 3 3VR LN I R* LN
or
S R 3 3VR LL I R* LL
S L3 S S 3 S R 3
Transmission Line Efficiency
PR 3
PS 3
PR 3
PS 3
100
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Voltage Regulation
ABCD parameters can be used to describe the
Voltage Regulation
%VR
VR ( NL) VR ( FL )
VR ( NL)
Noload
receivingend voltage
VR ( FL )
VS
A
100
VR ( FL ) VR
Fullload
receivingend voltage
10
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VS AVRNL BI R
No Load Condition : I R 0
Vs
A
Thus, forShort Line VRNL VS
VRNL
VRNL
VS
ZY
1
??
11
Voltage Regulation
The effect of load power factor on voltage regulation is
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the line.
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XL
IR
VR
VS
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IS IR
Z
IS
XL
IR
VR
VS
VS 1 Z VR
I
S 0 1 I R
where :
remember:
VS AVR BI R
I S CV R DI R
A D 1 ;
VS A B VR
I C D I
R
S
B Z ( r j L ) ;
C0
18
Example Short TL
A 40 km, 220 kVLL transmission line has per phase as follows:
Find VS, SS,3, V.R. (voltage regulation), and (efficiency) at the
sending end of the line for 381 MVA (SR,3 )load at 0.8 lagging p.f. at
220 kVLL (VR )
Z=R+jL
Is
+
19
IR
jXL
Vs
VR
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VS VR ZI R
20
21
10
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IS
VS
XL
Y/2
IR
Y/2
VR
23
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line circuit
Total shunt admittance,Y
Y g jC
where :
C line to neutralcapacitance per km
g line conductance per km
24
line length
25
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denoted as IL.
Using KCL and KVL, the sendingend voltage is:
VS VR ZI L
Y
VR
2
From 1 and 2
IL IR
26
VS VR Z I R VR
2
ZY
1
VR ZI R
2
..1
..2
..3
27
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28
Y
VS
2
Substitute 2 and 3 into 4
IS IL
..4
Y
VRY YZ
1
VR ZI R
2
2
2
YZ
YZ
Y 1
..5
VR 1
I R
4
2
IS IR
29
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ZY
Z
1
VS
2
I
S Y 1 ZY 1 ZY
4
2
where :
V
R
I R
IS
VS
ZY
ZY
A D 1
pu ; B Z ; C Y 1
S
2
4
XL
Y/2
IR
Y/2
VR
remember:
VS AVR BI R
I S CV R DI R
VS A B VR
I C D I
R
S
31
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VS
2
I ZY ZY
S Y 1
1
4
2
32
V
R
I R
33
16