Explanations:

Solution for the first problem:

Solution for the second part:

c. If we do a two tail test, then the value of z will decrease for corresponding significance level (i.e.
alpha). When the value of z decreases the rejection region will decrease and resulting in higher
power.
Now as u can see that power of a test is to reject null hypothesis when it is actually false. So a good
test would mean a higher power. Thus two tailed tests are preferred.
For d and e)
When we increase the sample size, the standard error decreases.
Since standard error = (std deviation / square root of sample size)
So if std error decreases, the mean value for rejection also decreases, this will result in higher z
values. Thus to improve the power of a statistical test one can use higher number of sample size.

For hypothesis test ,

Calculate sigma first
Sigma = std error * (square root of sample size)
Use sample size as (37 and 4) to get the two different sigma ( one for sample size 37 and the other
for 4)
Then calculate z = (16-14.9 / (sigma / sqrt of sample size))
Now use the decision rule
If z>1.645(for alpha = 0.05) then reject null hypothesis
If (z>2.33 (for alpha = 0.01) then reject the hypothesis