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Microwave Engineering
EE 172
Dr. Ray Kwok
Helical Resonator
L
1
o =
LC
Higher frequency smaller L or C
L
C
R
Cavity Resonator
L
1
o =
LC
B
E
dc no B
ac E & B coexist
Wire / loop
Couple H-field
Inductive coupling
Loop thru H-field to induced current
Resonate Frequencies
output
Q f / fo
Quality Factor
fo
f
many resonants
Different modes
m n
k 2 2 k c2 =
+
a
a
d
2
k 2 = = k c2 + 2
p g
d=
2
2 p
=
=
d
g
2
m n p
k 2mnp =
+ +
a
b d
2f mnp= ck mnp
2
c m n p
f mnp=
+ +
2 a b d
air
TEmnp modes
Ez = 0
b
a
d
From
n p
E x ~ sin y sin z
boundary conditions
b d
m p
E y ~ sin
x sin z
a
d
m & n cannot be both 0
m, n = 0,1,2....
as in the waveguide,
p = 1,2,3...
p cannot be 0 !!
TMmnp modes
b
a
d
m n
E z ~ sin
x sin y
a b From
n p boundary conditions
E x ~ sin y sin z
b d
m p
E y ~ sin
x sin z
a d
m, n = 1,2,3....
p = 0,1,2,3...
p can be 0.
Example
a
6.75
inches
inches
5.6
inches
6.75
inches
inches
5.6
inches
f (GHz)
mode
f (GHz)
mode
1.093611
TE101
1.093611
TM110
1.24203
TE011
1.24203
TE101
1.370224
TM110
1.370224
TE011
1.519233
TE/TM111
1.519233
TE/TM111
1.577228
TE102
1.577228
TM210
1.683539
TE012
1.683539
TE201
1.868763
TE201
1.868763
TM120
1.897296
TE/TM112
2.042989
TE021
2.042989
TM210
2.20882
TE102
2.20882
TE021
2.283367
TE012
2.283367
TM120
2.375777
TE/TM112
2
k 2 = = k c2 + 2
2 p
=
=
d
g
a
d
2
nmp
p
= k +
d
2
c
c
p
f nmp=
k c2 +
2
d
e.g. Coke can, a ~ 1.25, d ~ 5
TE111: kc = 1.8412 / 1.25 = 1.473
2
11.811
1
f 111=
(1.473) 2 + = 3.01GHz
2
5
air
TEnmp modes
Ez = 0
p
E ~ (A cos n B sin n)J n (k c) sin z
d
p
E ~ (A cos n + B sin n)J 'n (k c) sin z
d
a
d
J 'n (k nm a ) = 0
p = 1,2,3...
TMnmp modes
p
E z ~ (A cos n + B sin n)J 'n (k c) cos z
d
p
E ~ (A cos n + B sin n)J 'n (k c) sin z
d
a
d
p
E ~ (A cos n B sin n)J n (k c) sin z
d
J n (k nma ) = 0
From boundary conditions.
p = 0,1,2,3...
p begins at 0.
Example
a = 1.9
d = 6.82
TM
TE
n
f (GHz)
f (GHz)
2.016756
2.379399
2.513305
2.532062
3.14312
2.942912
3.172648
3.522744
3.482614
3.888838
Resonant
11.811
1
f 111=
(1.473) 2 + = 3.01GHz
2
5
orthogonal
Perturbation
e.g. TE10
coupled modes
Use for:
Circular polarization
Dual cavity
Cross-coupled
Dual Mode
TE111 mode
Up to 5-modes cavity
has been demonstrated
in a spherical cavity.