Last Assignment

MS PHY 572

Date: 22-12-2016

Total Marks 25

Submission Date: 23-12-2016

Submitted to: Dr. Hannan Yousuf

Submitted by: Muhammad Fazil

Reg# FA14-RPH-010-ISD

Q.No.1: If the energy resolution of a particular liquid scintillation detector is 5% for C-14 betarays (160KeV). Estimate its energy resolution for the 18KeV beta rays from tritium.

Solution:
Energy resolution of liquid scintillator detector= 5/100=.05
Energy of C-14 beta particles= 160Ke V
Formula for energy =
FWHM= (Resolution)(Energy)
= (.05) (160keV) = 8keV
Energy resolution for 18keV beta rays Tritium using same formula=
FWHM=(R) (0 )
18keV=(R)(160keV)
Resolution= 18keV/160keV=0.1125
In Percentage= 0.1125 100 =11.25%
Q.No.2: In Geiger counter estimate the critical radius for the avalanches formation if these hood
electric Field is 2*106V/m. Estimate the average drift time of an electron from the cathode to the
multiplying region. The mobility of free electrons is 1.5*10 -4 m2/Vs.

Solution:
Mobility of Electron= 1.5 104 2 /Vs
Electric Field= 2 106 V/m
Average Drift time=?
Formula for average Drift= (Drift distance)/(drift velocity)
= d/ (mobility /)== / =
= 639V/cm

Tdrift=(0.5atm) (2.0-0.0125cm)/ 1.5 104 2 /Vs (639V/cm) (1.5*10-4

m2/Vs.)=
Tdrift=1.04ms
Q.No.3: When operated at a gas multiplication factor of 1000, estimate the pulse amplitude (V)
produced by the interaction of a thermal neutrons (0.025eV) in a He 3 proportional counter of
100pF capacitance.

Solution:
Gas Multiplication factor=1000
Capacitance= 100pF
Formula for the Pulse Amplitude produced=
V =0 eM/C
Where 0 = E/W= 0.764 106 /42.7 eV/pair=17900 pairs
V=(17900) (1.6 1019 )(1000)/(100pF)=28.7mV
Q.No.4: Estimate the scintillation efficiency of the detector. If 1MeV energy loss of particle create
20300 photons with an average wavelength of 447nm.

Solution:
Energy loss= 1MeV
Total created photons= 20300
Wave length= 447nm
Efficiency of Scintillation=?
Formula for scintillation efficiency=Energy converted to light/Total
Energy
=n /= where = /=(4.135 1015 . )(3.0 108 /)/447nm
Efficiency= (20300 photons)(2.77eV/Photon)/ 106 =5.63%
Q.No.5: Calculate the net charge created when a 5.5 MeV alpha- particle is stopped in helium.
Find the cross ponding scintillation current. If 300 alpha-particle per second enter into helium
filled ion chamber.

Solution:
Energy of Alpha particle= 5.5 MeV
Charge created=?
In case of 300 Alpha particles, the scintillation current=?

Total numbers of charge careers= E/W=5.5 MeV/42.7 eV/ion pair=

1.29 105
Total charge created= number of charge careers charge per career
(1.29 105 ) (1.6 1019 )= 2.06 1014
Scintillation current= Alpha particle per second charge per alpha
300/s 2.06 1014 =6.19pA
Q.No.6: A counter gives exactly 10,000 counts in 1 second. When a standard source is in place.
An identical source is placed next to the first source and the counter now records 19000 counts in
1 second. What is the dead time? The Background can be neglected.

Solution:
Radiation from the first source= 10,000 Counts/s
Radiation from the source placed next to first one= 19,000 Counts/s
Formula for Dead time
Dead time=
1 2 12(12 1)(12 2)/1212
Where 1 = 2= 10,000 Counts/s
12= 19,000 Counts/s
Putting and we have an answer
Dead time= 5.25 micro seconds