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study what are the basic techniques for measurement of the waterknow certain terms
Psychrometric Properties
The properties of moist air are called psychrometric properties, and the subject
with the behavior of moist air is known as psychrometry.

The relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the actual mass of vapor in a certain
volume of unsaturated moist air at a given temperature to the mass of water vapor mg
in the same volume of saturated air at same temperature. If the vapor behaves like an
ideal gas,

where pv is the actual partial pressure of the vapor and p g is the saturation
pressure of the vapor at the temperature of the mixture.

In some books they use different symbols

H umidity

v
H = 0.622 P p v

Saturation humidity

Hs =

Relative humidity HR =

pv
pg

0.622

pg
P p g

% Relative humidity HR =

pv
Pp v
H
Degree of saturation = H s x 100 =
pg
P p g

x 100

pv
pg

x100

Specific humidity : is the mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry a

and Pv is the partial pressure of water in air.

red by a thermometer exposed to the mixture.

h a wick like material saturated with liquid after the arrangement ha
n the mixture is cooled at constant pressure.

volume of unsaturated moist air at a given temperature to the mass of water vapor mg in the same volume of

ration pressure of the vapor at the temperature of the mixture.

Adiabatic saturation temperature of air

Relative humidity and Sp. Humidity of air can be determined by measuring the adiabatic
saturation temperature of air, which is the temperature air attains after flowing over water in a long
adiabatic channel until it is saturated

Problem (using steam table)

The degree of saturation of air at 30oC and total pressure 750 mmHg is 20%.
Calculate (a) the partial pressure of the water vapour in the air, (b) humidity
(c) the % relative humidity (d) dew point of the air ( in oF).
pv
Pp v
H
Degree of saturation = H s x 100 =
pg
P p g

At

30oC

pg =4.24 kPa

x 100

from steam table

Degree of saturation = 20

pv
Pp v
=
pg
P p g

x 100

pg =4.24 kPa = 31.8 mmHg

Degree of saturation = 20

pv
750 p v
= 31.8
P31.8

x 100

pv =6.58 mmHg

(b) Humidity

H=

0.622

pv
P p v =

( c) % Relative humidity HR =

pv
pg

0.622

6.58
7506.58
6.58

x100 = 31.8

= 0.0055

x100 = 20.7%

(d) If pv=psat (T ) = 6.58 mmHg = 0.877 kPa

DP

Look at steam table: temperature corresponding to 0.877 kPa =Tdp =5oC.

Tdp =5oC.
T(C)=T(F) - 32) x 5/9

Tdp =5oC= 41 oF

Problem 1- Assume that the outside air temperature is 32C with a

relative humidity = 60%. Use the psychrometric chart to determine the
specific humidity [18 gm-moisture/kg-air], the enthalpy h [78 kJ/kg-air], the
wet-bulb temperature Twb [25.5C], the dew-point temperature Tdp [23C], and
the specific volume of the dry air v [0.89m3/kg]. Indicate all the values
determined on the chart.

Problem 2: Assume that the outside air temperature is 8C. If the air in a room is at 25C with
a relative humidity = 40%, use the psychrometric chart to determine if the windows of that room
which are in contact with the outside will become foggy.

The air in contact with the windows will become colder until the dew point is reached. Notice that
under the conditions of 25C and 40% relative humidity the dew point temperature is slightly
higher than 10C, At that point the water vapor condenses as the temperature approaches 8C along
the saturation line, and the windows will become foggy

One of the major applications of the Psychrometric Chart is in air conditioning, and we find that
most humans feel comfortable when the temperature is between 22C and 27C, and the relative
humidity between 40% and 60%. This defines the "comfort zone" which is portrayed on the
Psychrometric Chart as shown below. Thus with the aid of the chart we either heat or cool, add
moisture or dehumidify as required in order to bring the air into the comfort zone.

Problem 3: Outside air at 35C and 60% relative humidity is to be conditioned by cooling and
heating so as to bring the air to within the "comfort zone". Using the Psychrometric Chart neatly
plot the required air conditioning process and estimate (a) the amount of moisture removed (b) the
heat removed [(1)-(2and (c) the amount of heat added [(2)-(3

Solved Problem 3: Outside air at 35C and 60% relative humidity is to be conditioned by
cooling and heating so as to bring the air to within the "comfort zone". Using the Psychrometric
Chart neatly plot the required air conditioning process and estimate (a) the amount of moisture
removed [11.5g-H20/kg-dry-air], (b) the heat removed [(1)-(2), qcool = 48kJ/kg-dry-air], and (c) the
amount of heat added [(2)-(3), qheat = 10kJ/kg-dry-air].