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A O MC

THIS BOOKLET is provided to

acquaint you with the U. S. ARMY ORDNANCE MISSILE COMMAND and its Agencies, tointroduceyoutothe commanders,
to explain briefly the missions as signed
here and to tell you something of the his tory of the insta llation .

MISSION
'

,---

I
u
s
A

R
M
y

DESIGN
DEVELOP
PRODUCE

TRAIN
MAINTAIN
SUPPLY

THE U. S. ARMY ORDclANCE MISSILE COMMAND is

an int egral part of the United States Army
Ordnance Corps. It embraces key installations
engaged in the Army's rocket and missile pro grams in Alabama, Florida, and New Mexico . The
Comma~der is Major General August Schomburg .
Resources and capabilities of the Missile
Command cover a wide range, from basic research in many areas, proving facilities, to
the launching of all types of rockets and
missiles.
The Command manages the development, pro curement, testing, deployment and support of
19 missile systems from the drawing board t o
the user in the f i e ld.
Among the major weapons systems for which
the Command has overall responsibility are the
ballistic missiles, JUPITER and REDSTONE; and
the oncoming PERSHING solid propellant missile,
which will eventually replace the REDSTONE; and
all missile systems requiring maneurverable - and
controllable capabilities in both the surfaceto surface and the surface -to-air categories, these
are: HONEST JOHN, LITTLE JOHN, CORPORAL, SERGEANT, LAW, MISSILE ."A", MISSILE "B", NIKE- AJAX,
NIKE-J:IBRCULES, NIKE-ZEUS, HAWK, MAULER, REDEYE,
LACROSSE, SHILLELAGH and SS- 10.
Redstone Arsenal is the location of the
Missile Command Headquarters, the Army
Ba lli stic Missile Agency, the Army Rocket and
Guided Missile Agency, and the Redstone Arsenal
Post Headquarters. Other Command functions are
located in Florida, New Mexico, California, on
an island in the Pacific, and in Canada. White
Sands Missile Range is located in New Mexico
and the Test, Evaluation and Firing Laboratory
of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency is located
at the Atlantic Missile Range in F lorida. On
the west coast, at Point Mugu, California, is
located the Pacific Missile Range and in the
Pacific Ocean on Kwajalein Island the Command
has es tablished the Pacific Field Office to be

used for various tests of Nike- Zeus, the i\rmy's

anti-missile missile. In Canada -we have representatives at Fort Churchill.
The Connnand, including all activities
located on the Redstone Arsenal reservation
and elsewhere in the world, has a total personnel strength of about 17,600 of whom 3,800 are
military and 13,800 are civilians . Employed by
contractors assisting the .Army in various
missil~ and rocket research ~d development
programs at Redstone are some 3,100 people.
The Command Headquarters is organized on a
modified "general staff" concept . There is a
Chief of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff
who are responsible for the principal functions
of the Command Headquarters.
It is an integrated Army organization
staffed by personnel from many branches of the
Army in addition to the Ordnance Corps. It
provides over-all guidance in all phases of
the missile field without becoming operational
itself. The "general staff" military connnand
concept was modified to fit the particular
situation, that of an organization concerned
with research, development, and industrial
activities, plus the support of missile systems
in the field.

MAJOR GENERAL AUGUST SCHOMBURG

COMMANDING GENERAL
U. S, ARMY ORDNANCE }USSILE COMMAND

Major Genera l August Schomburg became Cormnanding General of t he U. S.

Army Ordnance Missile Conunand on February 1, 1960.
Prior to this assignment he was Deputy Chief of Ordnance .
Genera l Schomburg was born in Denver, Co lorado, July 3 , 1908 . Following graduation from West Denver High School in 1926, he attended the
Co l orado School of Mines for a year before entering the U. S. Militar y
Academy. He was graduated from the Academy June 11, 1931, with a degree
in Mi li tary Science and was commissioned a second lieutenant of Infant r y
in the Regular Army .
During the early years of his military career he s erved in various
Infantry assignments . In 1937 he transferred t o Ordnance and attended
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, r eceiving his Master of
Science degree in Mechanica l Engineering. He attended the Ordnance
School at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland and remained at the Proving
Ground serving successively as Adjutant before going t o the staff of
the Ordnance Research and Development Cente r for tours as Chief, Small
Arms Section; Executive Officer, Proving Cent er and Commanding Officer
of the Ordnance Winter Proving Center in Canada .
In April, 1944, he was called to the War Department General Staff,
where he was assigned to G- 3 until February , 1946. The fol l owing three
years he spent at Ottawa, Canada as Assistant Mi litary Attache, U. S.
Embassy , and Liaison Officer with t he Canadfan Army.
In September, 1949 he was ass igned t o Watertown Arsenal, Watertown,
Massachusetts, where he remained until J uly 29, 19 52, as Director of
Research, Development and Engineering . The fo llowing year he spent as
a student at the Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Fort McNair ,
Washington, D. C., gr aduating in J une, 1953 .
He was named Chief , Procurement Branch , G- 4 , Logistics, for United
States Army in Europe, in 1953, with headquarters at Heidelberg, Germany .
On April 27, 1956, General Schombur g was appointed Chi ef, Research
and Development Di v ision, Office , Chief of Ordnance .
General Schomburg became Deputy Chi ef of Ordnance on May 2 , 1958.
General Schomb urg has been awarded the Legion of Merit with Oak. Leaf
Cluster and the Conunendation Ribbon with Oak Leaf Cl uster.
He is married to t he former Miss Fem Alice Wynne of New York.
have three childr en.

They

MAJOR GENERAL JOHN A. BARCLAY

~

~,,.

DEPUTY COMMANDING GENERAL

U. S. ARMY ORDNANCE MISSILE COMMAND

Major General John A. Barclay is the Depu ty Counnanding General of the

U. S. Army Ordnance Missile Counnand. He was Commanding General, Army
Ballistic Missile Agency from March 31, 1958 until he was appointed acting
Deputy Commanding Genera l of U. S. Army Ordnance Missile Command in March,
1960 , and then assumed the duties of tha t position officia lly on April 1,
19 60 . General Barclay was promoted to hi s present rank May 1 , 1960.
He was born August 27, 1909, in Colorado Springs, Colo . He a t tended
primary and secondary schools in Salt Lake City, Utah. He r eceiv ed a
Con gressional appoin tment to the U. S . Military Academy and was commissioned
in June, 1931 upon graduation .
He is a graduate of the Office r s Ordnance School at Watertown Arsenal,
Watertown, Mass., and the Massachusetts Institute o f Techno logy f r om which
he received a Master of Science degree in Engineering i n 1936 . He a l.so
a ttended the Advance Ordnance School, Abe rdeen Pr oving Gr ound, from 1936 to
1937, the Armed For ces Staff College, Norfolk, Va . , 1947 - 48 , Army Aviation
Schoo l, 19 58 , Ft. Rucker, Ala., and the National War College , 1950-51-.
His milita ry career has included servi ce with Field Artil l ery and
Ordnance as fo llows: 2d Lt. Field Artillery, 15th Field Artillery, 2d Div.,
Ft. Sam Houston, Tex., 1931- 34; Commander , 2d Ordnance Maintenance Company,
2d Div., Ft. Sam Houston , Tex., 19 34- 35; Proof Office r, Abe rdeen Proving
Ground, 19 37- 39; Assis~ant Armament Branch , Chief of Ordnance, 1941-42; Chief,
Spare Parts Supply, Office Chief of Ordnance at Detroit, 1942-43; Chief,
Supply Branch, Field Service Sub- Office , Rock Island Arsenal, 1944- 45;
Theatre Ordnance Office, China, 1945-46; Assistant Chief of Staff, Logist ics ,
Army Advisory Group to China, 1946-47; Executive Officer, Ballistic Research
Labor atorie s , Aberdeen Proving Ground, 1948-50; Executive Officer , Research
and Development Division, Office Chief o f Ordnance , 1951-54; Commanding
Officer, Pica tinny Arsenal, 1954-56. He was promoted to Bri gadier General
September 29, 19 55 .
His awards an d honors include : Commendation Ribbon, 1945; Legion of
Merit, 1945 - 46; Conunendation Ribbon, 1947; Or de r of Yung Hai, 1945 ; Chinese
Nationalist Government and Neck Order of Poa Ting, 1947, Chinese Nationalist
Government.
General and Mrs. Barclay live on post. They have two sons , Douglas H.,
a student at Auburn University in Auburn, Ala., and John, a graduate of The
Citade l, Charleston, S. C., who i s doing post gradua te work at Auburn University.

OBJECTIVES of the U. S.
ARMY ORDNANCE MISSILE COMMAND
BY
MAJOR GENERAL AUGUST SCHOMBURG

COMMANDING GENERAL
The birth of the Army Ordnance Missile Command was a logical and
natural result of the increasing importance of the missile field and
the increasing necessity for exploiting our resources to their maximum
capabilities.
My basic pledge in assuming this Command is that we will do more
work with the same people. This does not mean that we will not require
more people, but that additional personnel will be a factor of the
bigger tasks which may be assigned and not a factor of the addition of
a Headquarters.

The real objective of this organization is to permit the most

effective utilization of all the resources available to the Army in the
missile field and to create an inter-supporting and interrelated organization which will assure the attainment of that objective.
Only a fraction of the growth of missile undertakings is visible in
this area. For every person carried on the Army payrolls here, there are
many others employed by the developers, the producing industries, government installations participating in our programs, in private research
foundations and laboratories throughout the country. This giant complex
reaches into every State to all types of organizations but the nerve center
is definitely and finally established here.
The Command is the largest field organization within any of the Army's
technical services in numbers of personnel directly engaged, the value of
its resources, the number of weapons programs under its control, and the
dollar appropriat~ons required. It is also conducting numerous studies and
projects for the Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Defense Department, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
We have the full responsibility for the complete "farm to piarket"
sequence of assigned weapons programs, involving the entire process from
inception of the idea to continuing supply, maintenance and support in
the field. We never forget this latter charge upon us; so long as one
of our weapons is in the hands of troops, the responsibility exists here
for assuring them technical support and the skill required to maintain
their weapon.

'

HEADQUARTERS. U.S. ARMY ORDNANCE MISSILE COMMAND

I

COMMANDING GENERAL

CHIEF ENGINEER

DEPUTY

CHIEF SCIENTIST

SECRETARY

CHIEF OF STAFF

GENERAL STAFF

GENERAL

STAFF
I

CONTROL OFFICE

COMPTROLLER

ASST. CHIEF OF STAFF

FOR

ASST. CHIEF OF STAFF

FOR
INDUSTRIAL OPERATIONS

ASST. CHIEF OF STAFF

FOR
SUPPORT OPERATIONS

ASST. CHIEF OF STAF.F

FOR
MILITARY APPL. TNG.

ASST. CHIEF OF STAFF

FOR
MISSILE INTELLIGENCE

R!;:SEA~CH

a DEVELOPMENT

SPECIAL STAFF

...

ENGINEER
OFFICE

SIGNAL
OFFICE

TRANSPORTATION
OFFICE

INSPECTOR
GENERAL

LEGAL
OFFICE

CIVILIAN
PERSONNEL
OFFICE

PUBLIC INFORMATION
OFFICE

COMMAND
STAFF
. JUDGE ADVOCATE

QUARTERMASTER
OFFICE

ADJUTANT
GENERAL

SECURITY OFFICE

.........;

LIAISON OFFICES
CONARC
ARADCOM
BUORD TECH LIAISON OfFICE
SURGEON GEN LIAISON OFFICE
BRmSH ARMY STAFF LN OFC
BRITISH DEFENSE ASCH STAFF LN OFe
CANADIAN ARMY LN OFC

USAOMC
5 MAY

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APPROVEDj\,

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'AIJGOir'scHoMe~tf

MAJ. GENERAL, US
COMMANDING

UI
0

HISTORY of REDSTONE ARSENAL

Redstone Arsenal, one of the chief bulwarks in the nation's defense
program, is a combination of two U. S. Army arsenals established in 1941
for the production of chemical shells.
1

Today it is the home of the United States Army Ordnance Missile

Command, the Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency, the Army Ballistic
Missile Agency, the Ordnance Guided Missile School, the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, and private contractor firms, the largest
of which is Thiokol Chemical Corporation.
The Chemical Warfare Service began a $70 million installation here
in 1941 to manufacture and load chemical mortar and howitzer shells. It
was called Huntsville Arsenal.
On October 6, 1941, the Ordnance Corps began a $20 million construction program for the Redstone Ordnance Plant. This plant assembled explosives for the chemical shells, and produced complete rounds. It was
redesignated Redstone Arsenal on February 26, 1943.

Patton Road, which runs from north to south, was the boundary line
between the installations. Redstone Arsenal lay east of Patton, and
Huntsville Arsenal was west of Patton. Approximately 20,000 people were
e~ployed here by both arsenals at the peak of production during World
War II.
Employment was sharply curtailed at the close of hostilities. From
September of 1945 until February, 1947, the primary mission here was
renovation of Ordnance ammunition received from overseas. In late
February of that year Redstone Arsenal was placed into standby as a reserve arsenal. Employment at the Chemical and Ordnance installations
dropped to a skeleton force of about 250 caretakers, guards, and',firemen. The Chemical Corps offered its arsenal for sale.
During the sunnner of 1948 an extensive survey of all Ordnance installations was made to find suitable land and facilities to permit
activation of a rocket center.for the Army's expanding rocket and
guided missile activities. The Chief of Ordnance designated Redstone
Arsenal as the center of research and development activities in the
field of.rockets and related items in October, 1948. The Chemical
Corps deactivated Huntsville Arsenal in January, 1949, and its land
and facilities were transferred to Redstone Arsenal.
Recruitment of technical and professional personnel began in January, 1949, and a Research and Development Division was established the
next month.

- 2 -

Redstone Arsenal was declared an active installation by the Department

of the Army on June 1, 1949.
The Redstone Division of Thiokol Chemical Corporation moved into
buildings here, which formerly housed ammunition loading lines, that same
month to work in solid propellant rocketry. The facilities it uses are
govemment owned, contractor operated.
Rohm and Haas Chemical Company personnel also arrived in June to begin
basic rocket propellant research.
In April, 1950, the Army's rocket experts who had been working at
Fort Bliss, Texas, were moved to Redstone. This was the 9330th TSU Ordnance Research and Development Sub-Office (Rocket), and contained the team
of scientists and engineers headed by Dr. Wernher von Braun.
Redstone Arsenal soon became the nerve center for the Army's rocket
and guided missile program. It was responsible for research, procurement,
storage, and repair of the entire family of Army Ordnance missiles.
In March, 1952, Ordnance elements from Aberdeen Proving Ground came
to Redstone to establish the Provisional Redstone Ordnance School. The
first training program in the maintenance and' repair of guided missiles
opened March 10, 1952. The class consisted of seven officers.
The Ordnance Guided Missile School was established February 16,
1953. Commandant of the School is Col. Charles W. Eifler. Now in its
seventh year, OGMS has graduated approximately 20,000 students from the
Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and allied countries which are
members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Now the third largest
educational institution in Alabama, it operates around the clock, with
two shifts a day devoted to instruction, and the third to maintenance.
A faculty and staff of approximately 2000 military and civilian persons
are skillfully coordinated to make the maximum use of approximately
100 buildings jammed with $100,000,000 worth of electronic and other
technical equipment and teaching aids.
The Army Ordnance Missile Connnand was established March 31, 1958,
consolidating under one commander all Army activities, except OGMS, having
a major part in the rocket and missile program. The objective of the
organization is to insure the maximum use of all the resources available
to the Army here, at other Ordnance arsenals, other technical services of
the Army, universities, and private industry. Other Ordnance commands
are Ordnance Ammunition Comnand, at Joliet, Ill.; Ordnance Tanlc and
Automotive Command, Detroit, Michigan, and the Ordnance Weapons Command,
Rock Island, Illinois.

- 3 -

Major General August Schomburg is Commanding General of the Army

Ordnance Missile Command.
The Connnand's operations extend from Redstone Arsenal, to Cape
Canaveral, Florida, and Ascension Island in the Atlantic Missile Range,
to Pt. M.Jgu, California, and Kwajalein Island in the Pacific.
A major element of the Command is the White Sands Missile Range in
New Mexico, about 50 miles north of El Paso, Texas. It is commanded by
Brigadier General John G. Shinkle. Every branch of the Armed Services
uses the range for flight testing rockets, guided missiles, and testing
munitions.
The Army Ballistic Missile Agency was created February 1, 1956, to
field the Redstone missile as rapidly as possible, and to develop the
1500-mile Jupiter Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile. These two
missiles were used as the first stage boosters of the Jupiter C and
Juno II vehicles, which launched Explorer I, the Free World's first
scientific satellite, on January 31, 1958, and Pioneer IV, the first
Free World satellite of the Sun, on March 3, 1959. Approximately 4800
members of ABMA who worked under the technical direction of Dr. Wernher
von Braun on space exploration assignments were transferred to the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration effective July 1, 1960.
A realignment of functions and missions after the transfer makes ABMA
responsible for the following missile systems: Redstone,Jupiter,
Pershing, Corporal, Sergeant, Honest John, Little John, LAW., Missile
"~ and Missile "B".
The Connnander of ABMA is Brigadier General Richard M. Hurst.
The Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency, the other major Agency
oL the Command located at Redstone,. is commanded by Colonel John G. Zierdt.
Under the realignment of missions, ARGMA is responsible for the following
systems: Redeye, Hawk, Nike-Ajax, Nike-Hercules, Nike-Zeus, Lacrosse,
Mauler, Shillelagh, SS-10 and SS-11.
Redstone Arsenal is one of eight permanent Ordnance Corps arsenals.
It provides buildings and facilities, and services and,support to the
missile agencies, the School, and contractor firms, and the George C.
Marshall Space Flight Center, and provides housing and other facilities
for the military personnel stationed here. The Arsenal Commander is
Col. Owen T. Mccloskey.
Redstone Arsenal is a "City within a City". Physically its 38,881
acres extend over 60.6 square miles which include three minor mountain
ranges. There are 94 miles of railroads, more than 260 miles of roads,
and approximately 2,175 buildings on the post. There is an airstrip
and hangar for planes, and modern dock facilities on the Tennessee River,
which is the southern boundary.

BRIGADIER GENERAL RICHARD M. HURST

COMMANDER
ARMY BALLISTIC MISSILE AGENCY

Brigadier General Richard M. Hurst is the Commander of the Army

Ballistic Missile Agency of the U.S. Army Ordnance }lissile Connnand
at Redstone Arsenal, Ala. He was assigned to this position in Ma:y,
1960. He was former ly the Deputy Connnander, Ordnance Tank-Automotive
Command, Detroit, Michigan.
General Hurst, a native of Indiana, was educate d in elementary and
secondary schools there and in South Dakota. He is a graduate of Northwestern University and Purdue University. General Hurst holds a Bachelor
of Science degree in Electrical Engi neering; Master o f Science -degr ee in
Busine ss Administration; and a Doctor of Philosophy in Industrial Management . He is a member of Sigma Pi Fraternity.
Upon graduation from Purdue University in 1930 he was commissioned
as a reserve offi cer in the Field Artillery. For 5 years, thereafter,
he worked as a student engineer and as an operating engineer, respectively,
with the Public Service Company of N. Ill, Commonwealth Edison Company
and Northern Indiana Power Company.
From 1935 until 1938, General Hurst served in the Field Artillery.
Upon returning to civilian status, he accepted a position with Indiana
Statewide Electrical Membership Corporation and was, for a year , a
field engineer with the company. He then became manager of the Jay
County Rural Electric Membership Corporation, Portland , Indiana.
General Hurst returned to active duty in 1940 serving with the
Ordnance Corps , and was integrat ed into the Regular Army in 1946.
Successive wartime duties took the general to Fort Benjamin Harrison,
Ind . ; Fort Hayes, Ohio; and the Centra l Pacific Area.
Returning to the United States in 1945, he served as deputy commander
of the Mount Rainier Ordnance Depot. He was later assigned to the off i ce
of the Chief of Ordnance in Washington, D. C.
After attending the Armed Forces Staff College , he was assigned a s
Deputy Ordnance Officer of the Eighth Army in Korea . Upon his return
to the States he was first assigned as Assistant Commander of the
Ordnance Weapons Command, and then as Commander of Watertown Arsenal,
Mass.
In April., 1959, General Hurst was assign ed the duties of the Deputy
Connnander of the Ordnance Tank - Automot ive Command , the position he held
until May, 1960, when he was assigned to this instal l a tion to be the
Commander of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency.

ARMY BALLISTIC MISSILE AGENCY

The Army Ballistic Missile Agency is conmianded by Brigadier General
Richard M. Hurst, formerly Deputy Co1ID11ander of the Ordnance Tank-Automotive
Conunand, Detroit.
ABMA, activated Febrary 1, 1956, has an achievement-packed history.
It chalked up several "firsts" in its development of the Army's longerran~ ballistic missiles. In the Jupiter program these included the Free
World's first successful launching of an intermediate range ballistic
missile: first recovery of a fu.11-scale, heat-protected IRBM nose cone,
demonstrating a practical solution for the aero-dynamic re-entry heating
problem, and the first Free World recovery of primates carried into
outer space in the nose cone of an IRBM flown over its full range. The
Jupiter is deployed in Europe by the Air Force.
The Redstone and Jupiter missiles were also used successfully in
space exploration experiments assigned the Army.
The Development Operations Division, headed by Dr. Wernher von Braun,
formerly an element' of ABMA, was assigned to the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration on July 1, 1960. In its place a new Research and
Development Directorate, headed by Dr. Arthur Rudolph, has been formed
to carry on ABMA's basic and supporting research, and to give guidance
and technical assistance to contractors.
ABMA has previously been responsible for the Redstone, Jupiter, and
Pershing missile systems. The first two are liquid-fueled, while the
Pershing is a solid propellant missile, designed to succeed the Redstone,
far surpassing "Old Reliable" in mobility.
ABMA's mission includes the full systems responsibility for research,
development, procurement and field support for surface-to-surface missiles
and rockets whose flight is predetermined or pre-programmed, and which
are essentially ballistic systems. In performi~g this assigned mission,
the Agency has the Redstone, Jupiter, and Pershing systems for which it
was previously responsible, and has assumed responsibility for seven additional systems. These include the Corporal, Sergeant, Honest John,
Little John, LAW (Light Anti-Tank Weapon), Missile A, and Missile B. Personnel experienced in the direction of these programs were transferred
to ABMA from the Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency, previous responsible agency, at the time of the systems transfer on August 1, 1960.
Responsibility for these systems run the gamut from concept, research,
design, development, testing, industrial procurement, to logistical s~pport
and field maintenance w~en the missile is turned over to troops.
The estimated budget for fiscal year 1961 is $484,000,000. Total
strength of the Agency during this period, including military personnel
and civilian employees, will average about 2,630.

ARMY BALLISTIC MISSILE AGENCY

COMMANDER
DEPUTY

EXECUTIVE
OFFICER

I
CONTROL
OFFICE

I
FACILITIES
PLANNING
OFFICE

FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
OFFICE

MISS.ILE SYS
SAFETY OFFICE

TRAINING
OFFICE

I
LEGAL
OFFICE

OPERATING
SERVICES
OFFICE

I
RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT
OPERATIONS

I
PERSONNEL
OFFICE

I
INDUSTRIAL
OPERATIONS

FIELD
SUPPORT
OPERATIONS

COLONEL JOHN G, ZIERDT

COMMANDER
ARMY ROCKET & GUIDED MISSILE AGENCY

Colonel John G. Zierdt, who was deputy to General Shinkle and

manager of the Army's Nike- Zeus anti-missile missile program, is the
Commander of the Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency. ARGMA is an
element of the U. S . Army Ordnance Missile Command.
Col. Zierdt was Chief of Staff of the Army Ordnance Missile Command
from March 31, 1958 until January 16 , 1960, when he joined the Army
Rocket and Guided Missile Agency staff to take charge of the Agency ' s
Nike-Zeus program.
Prior to the AOMC assignment, Col. Zierdt had been Chief, Control
Office, Army Ballistic Missile Agency which he joined in 1956.
He is a graduat e of the U. S. Military Academy and the Command
and General Staff College. He also studied at Trinity College and
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
During World War II he served as Ordnance staff officer in
Panama and the European Theatre becoming executive officer of Headquarters, U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey in 1945.
Col. Zierdt later commanded Milan Arsenal, Milan, Tenn . , was executive officer of the Field Director of Ammunition Plants, and the Ordnance
Ammunition Cente r, then moved to the Office , Chief of Ordnance as Chief
of the Ammunition Branch, Industrial Division.
He attended the Army War College before joining the Army Ballistic
Missile Agency.
He is the son of Col . W. Henry Zierdt, retired, of Grantsville, Pa.
Col. and Mr s. Zierdt have four children and reside in quarters at
Redstone Arsenal.

ARMY ROCKET & GUIDED

MISSILE AGENCY
The Army Rocket and Guid~d Missile Agency, connnanded by Colonel
John G. Zierdt, is charged 1th development, procurement, production,
industrial engineering, industrial mobilization, m~intenance and repair
part supply and stock control of Ordnance rockets and guided missiles.
ARGMA is also assigned specified national and support missions for
other types of rockets, JATO's and aerial target drones.
The ARGMA organization has directed the development of such Army
weapons systems as the surface-to-surface Sergeanr, Corporal, Honest John,
Little John and Lacrosse; and surface-to-air Hawk, Nike-Ajax, NikeHercules, Nike-Zeus. Some of these are already deployed and others are
nearing field use.
Major elements of the Agency include three Divisions - - Research and
Development, Industrial, and Field Service. A series of laboratories
which are deyoted to research, development and testing operations are established within the confines of the Arsenal. Each division of the Agency
works with' private contractor firms scattered the length and breadth of
the United States.
ARGMA's work in solid propellants is conducted on the Arsenal by the
Thiokol Chemical Corporation and the Rohm and Haas Chemical Company,
which operate government-owned facilities.
Physical facilities of the Agency include test ranges which permit
flight firing of smaller caliber rockets, and static and environmental
test facilities for large solid propellant motors.
The present personnel strength of ARGMA is about 3550 of whom
approximately 3200 are civilians and 350 military. In addition there
are 2200 contractor employees.

_,...

Amy Rocket & G1aided Missile Agency

COMMANDER

NATO HAWK
LIAISON
OFFICE

CHIEF
SCIENTIST

DEPUTY
NIKE ZEUS PROJECT DIRECTOR

ARGMA
PACIFIC FIELD
OFFICE

........................................... :

ACS/MIL. APPL. a T_NG E

:
ENGINEER OFFICE
;

EXECUTIVE
OFFICER

i
SIGNAL OFFICi
~
iTRANSPORTATM>N OFFICE!
:QUARTERMASTER OFC:

-:

I
FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT

CONTROL
OFFICE

OFFICE

.--..--

I
CIVILIAN.
PERSONNEL
OFFICE

LEGAL

MISSILE SYSTEM

FACILITIES

SAFETY

OFFICE

OFFICE

PLANNING

I
OFFICE

I
RESEARCH a
DEVELOPMENT
OPERATIONS

I
OPERATING.
SERVICES
OFFICE

.TRAINING
OFFICE

I
INDUSTRIAL
OPERATIONS

AOMC STAFF ELEMENTS WITH ADDITIONAL STAFF RESPONSIBbJTIES

TO THE ELEMENTS OF THE ARGMA ORGANIZATION

FIELD SERVICE
OPERATIONS

COLONEL OWEN T. McCLOSKEY

POST COMMANDER
REDSTONE ARSENAL

Colonel Owen T. Mccloskey i s the Post Commander of Redstone Arsen a l,

Alabama, at the U. S. Army Ordnance Missile Command.
Prior to taking over the assignment of Commander in May, 1'959, he was
the Deputy Post Commander.
He came to the Arsenal in June, 1958, from Ft . Benning, Ga., where he
served as Ordnance Officer in the U. S. Infantry Center .
The Ohioan is a graduate of Aquinas College and Ohio State University,
both located in his home town of Columbus. He received a Bachelor of
Science degree in business administration from Ohio State. He received a
Master of Arts degree in foreign affairs at G~orge Washington University,

D. C.
Colonel Mccloskey is a graduate of the Command and General Staff College
at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and the Armed Forces Staff College at Norfolk,
Va.
He became a member of the Armed Forces in 1940 and has served in many
states of the union as well as England, France, and Belgium. He is
entitled to wear the Bronze Star Medal, and the Order of King Leopold II
of Belgium.

REDSTONE ARSENAL
Redstone Arsenal, coIIDDanded by Colonel Owen T. Mccloskey, is the U. S.
Army installation which is the home and headquarters of the U. S. Army
Ordnance Missile Conunand, the Army Ballistic Missile Agency, the Army Rocket
and Guided Missile Agency, the Ordnance Guided Missile School and the George
C. Marshall Space Flight Center. The Arsenal, in addition to furnishing a
base of operations and all necessary support, also operates the Redstone
Depot.
The organizational structure falls under the four major Army areas,
administration, se.c urity and safety, operations and training, and logistics.
In addition there is a control office, directly responsible to the coIIDDander
and his deputy, a judge advocate section, adjutant and executive officer.
Physical facilities and utilities are also supplied to contractor
organizations on the Post including the two research companies, Thiokol
Corporation, and the Rohm and Haas Company, as well as offices for other
contractors having liaison representatives and instructors in missile
operation and maintenance located here.

/UNI

REDSTONE ARSENAL
COMMANDER
DEPUTY
EXECUTIVE OFFICE
FINANCE a
ACCOUNTING OFFICE

CONTROL OFFICE

LEGAL OFFICE

ADJUTANT

s-1

s-2

S-3.

S-4

ASSISTANT FOR
PERSONNEL a ADM

ASSISTANT FOR
SECURITY 6 SAFETY

ASST FOR MILITARY

PLANS 6 TRAINING

ASSISTANT FOR
LOGISTICS

TROOP COMMAND

POST ENGINEER

CONSOLIDATED SUPPLY
DIVISION

HQ 8 HQ
DETACHMENT USAG

POST SURGEON

FIELD MAINTENANCE
DIVISION

283D ORD
DETACHMENT

PROPERTY DISPOSAL
DIVISION

291ST MP CO-SVC

INSPECTION DIVISION

MEDICAL DETACHMENT
USAH

POST EXCHANGE

HQ a HQ
DETACHMENT USAOMC

POST TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION

CIVILIAN PERSONNEL
DIVISION

PROVOST MARSHAL
DIVISION

MILITARY PERSONNEL
DIVISION

SAFETY DIVISION

ADMINISTRATION
DIVISION

INTELLIGENCE 8
SECURITY DIVISION.

SPECIAL SERVICES
DIVISION

DIRECTOR
DEPOT OPERATIONS

~RMY EDUCATION
DIVISION

CHAPLAIN

DEPOT

DIVISION

HQ a HQ
. DETACHMENT USABMA
DETACHMENT A
USABMA

POST SIGNAL
DIVISION
POST
QUARTERMASTER

PURCHASING 8
CONTRACTING DIVISION .

REDSTONE

ARSENAL

DETACHMENT e
31 MARCH 1959

USABMA

HQ a HQ
DETACHMENT USARGMA
DETACHMENT "A
USARGMA

_APPROVED

~ 7.0~
KEITH T. O'KEEFE
COL., ORD. CORPS

COMMANDER

BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN G. SHINKLE

COMMANDER
WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE, NEW MEXICO

Brigadier General John G. Shinkle was born in Boston, Massachusetts,

March 10, 1912 . He was gradu ated from the U. S. Military Academy in
1933, commissioned a second lieutenant in the Field Artillery and assigned
to the Seventy-Sixth Field Artillery at the Presidio of Montere) . After
four years with the Field Artillery, he was detailed in, and later L~ansfer r ed to the Ordnance Corps.
He attended the Ordnance School in 1939 and 1940, receiving a M. S.
degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After the Ordnance
School, he served in the Proof Department at Aberdeen Proving Ground
until 1944, successively in charge of the Bomb Testing Division and the
Armor Plate Testing Division. This was fol lowed by eight month ' s detail
in the Supply Division, War Department General Staff in Washington.
In 1945 he was detailed to the China Theatre where he served two
years in the G-4 Section of the Theatre headquarters and later as a member of General Marshall's Executive Headquarters in Peking.
In July, 1948, he was appointed Deputy Chief, San Francisco Ordnance
District where he served until November 1949. Following a four-month
course in the Army Language School, he was next assigned as Ordnance
Member of t he Joint Brazil -U. S. Military Connniss i on, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil.
From December, 1951, to May, 1954, he was assistant to the Connnanding
General for Technical Operations, White Sands Proving Ground, Las Cruces,
New Mexico. From June , 1954 to May, 1956, he was Executive Officer for
the Assistant Chief of Ordnance for Research and Development, Office,
Chief of Ordnance , Department of the Army, Washington, D. C.
Brigadier General John G. Shinkle was named Commanding General of
White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico on June 5, 1960. White Sands
Missile Range is an element of the United States Ai;!DY Ordnance Mi.s sile
Command, He came to Redstone Arsenal i n June, 1956 to assume the
duties of the Deputy Corranander of Redstone Arsenal. On Aprill, 1958,
he became Commander, United States Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency,
Redstone Arsenal, Alabama.
General Shinkle was awarded the Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal
and Corranendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant (with Oak Leaf Cluster).
General and Mrs. Shinkle have three children. He is the son of
General and Mrs. E. M. Shinkle of San Francisco, California.

WHITE SANDS MISSILE RAN.G;E,

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Whtte Sands Missile Range is locat~d in ;the'.,:Tularosa Bi~iti'. in south.

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central New Mexico, approximately: 50 imiles: notth:of El Paso~; Texas. Its
name is derived from the National Monument, 'a) 25()-square mit~. a_rea qf pure :
white gypsum sand within the reservation. ~~igadier Genera( Jo_hn. G.! Shinkle;
connnands the insta~tation.
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It is unique ~n ithat :eve~y. br~n~h}ci~ ~~e)\~~d; S~~ices is r~presented.

In addition to military personnel, ;c~viiiap '.eijtab,lis~en~s~--lfotlii academic
and i11-dustrial,. are located on the ;post-. It;si:prima;ry iissi~m is; the
testing of intermediat_E! rang~ rq_ckets... and. gu;rded;miss{le~ ... q:tt~:t>vers 4,000
square miles.
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It is resPonsible tO exectite
techiical and e;gineefil~j~i-~spon11ibi- 1
lities associat~d with flight tes~:ilng of guiJ~4!'d.:.mis,sil:es,: rockep's ! and qt~er (
munitions: assigned for . testing; and fc;-r genei:Ql. 1,SUperV;isf6li- and' coordi{!'.ation'.
of scheduling~ range safety, and irtstrumen,tadoii: ie>f! a1f1 flight testing:'.~~~:
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iJf1(?-.{Y \::f.;:?AI .J
The ~.issile Range_ employ.aes :for! the: Conmiand fto:tal aliQ\lt 4,146 civilians)
and has a milftary :strength: o~ mortL ~hiin;: 2'., l/1:,. ::'. 'Co~s t;ru4#Jon b~:gan :Ju~t;-'.
;
25,. 1945. It was activated July .9 iqf thati ye~r and becani~l, a Cl~ss II
activity of the Ordnance Corps Septjeniber 1"6~'. 1948.
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The first rocket tested .was the .Americ-~_;:-c;l~~igned :_:';'Tii;iy, Ti~" ori
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September 26, 1945~. Each service ~~s cont~:lbiited. in the :c{f?nstrt;iction
rocket testing -f ~cilities.. All use \the:: same.: ~iring: rang/Jmd
a grea'ti:
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extent, the same personnel in firi~g :ana ips;t-fu~~ntk._~~on :ot~r9.C.lc.~-~--tli~~fs.

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The first Guided Missile Battalion, Army)Grc:,uncl ~orces, :was. onsti~'1teq

at White Sands, Oct~ber 1~, :1945-. ,;~--F~brpar:y__ i4,_J949, ;a-t~o-1s'ftge m:i}~ile;
was fired consisting of a :captured '.V-+2 ~nd: l'J.AC Corporal .missile;. p<j1mbin~<i~
l1
It attained-.an ... altitude of 250 :iniles; tlteni..a; ~o-r-la1rec(>rd. ,;, :;> _; ll'i :
<:.
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The physical plant of the .Arnrj_ Test. Center, -JNaval: Ordna:hce'.;Missile
f
Test Facility and their contractors, includiAk r~nge---instlrum~tftj~~ion is
valued at an estimated $15o;ooo;OOQ. - .... , '. :.
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WHITE SANDS MISSILE RANGE

DEPUTY FOR AIR FORCE

DEPUTY FOR NAVY

COMMANDING GENERAL

TEClftCAL ADVISORS

( INTEGRATED RANGE)

CHIEF SCIENTIST
STAFF ENGMER
SMALL BUSINESS
SPECIALIST

JOINT BOARDS NI> CCNITTEES.

(INTEGRATED RANGE)

IIIASffR PLANNNJ 80IRD

PROGRAM REVEi IDRD
RANGE SCHElll.UIG CXMI.
MISSLE FUIKT SURlt CUN.
INT. RAMlf: FREQ. COlloW.

DEPUTY
GENERAL STAFF

PERSONNEL

JUOGEACNOCATE

a OPERATIONS

---- ~lAn

........ run

I
CHAPLAIII

MiSS10N PLANS

INTELLIGENCE

......

SAFETY

LOGISTICS

COMPTROLLER

MSSILE FU8HT
SI.RVEU.ANCE

PUBLIC
rEORMATION

INSPECTOR

POST
QUARTERMASTER

POST
ORDNANCE
SUJR.Y

POST
TRANSPORTATION

POST
DENTAL

PURCHASWG
AM)
CONTRACTlfG

POST
ENGfEER

GEtERAl.

BRIEFING

SUPPORTING MISSIONS

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HEADQUARTERS
TROOP CXN.W>

AD.AJTANT

POST SIGNAL

I
CIVILIAN
PERSONNEL

PROVOST
MARSHAL

POST

MEDICAL

AUTOMOTIVE

MAIH1'ENANCE

OPERATING MISSIONS

I
BRL ANNEX

INTEGRATED
RANGE MISSION

ORDNANCE
tJISSION

SIGNAL
MISSION

WSNR
25 JUNE 858

THE ARMY'S FAMILY of MISSILES

Missiles are now an--.integral part of the Army's arsenal of modern
weapons. They provide the rugg~dness, mobility, vastl y extended ranges
and nuclear capabilities so essential to Army weapon systems to meet
the demands of modern warfare .
The Army's broad program, designed to provide America and her
allies with an entire family of guided, ballistic, and free-flight
rockets and missiles, range from the short range anti - tank and assault
weapons to the longer - range surface-to-surface ballistic missiles and
high accuracy surface-to- air missiles.
The surface-to-surface missile systems provide field troops with the
capability to deliver flexible firepower in defense and assault against
enemy armor, fortifications and obstacles; supplements and extends the
range of existing artillery; and provides a means of penetration and
destruction of selected targets deep in the enemy rear areas.
I

The surface-to-air missile systems provide air defense for the

continental United States and for units in the field against low flying
aircraft and high altitude aircraft travelling at supersonic speeds.
This booklet will acquaint you with facts about Army missile systems now operational, in production, or under development.

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MISSILE SYSTEMS

............

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PERSHING

The PERSHING missile is being developed progressively under the technical supervision of the Army
Ballistic Missile Agency , Army Ordnance Missile Command. It is a solid-propellant, two- stage, inertially guided ballistic missile of selective range. The
weapon will be used for general support by the field
Army.

Named in honor of General of the Armies John J.

Pershing of World War I fame, the missile will retain the mobility, fieldworthiness and accuracy of
the Army's REDSTONE missile, yet be lighter, smaller,
and even more mobile. The REDSTONE system was developed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency and has
been deployed overseas with troops since 1958.

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A

R
M
y

The system includes a mobile transporter-erector-launcher which will permit PERSHING to be transported to an unprepared site, erected and fired in a
matter of minutes. With this new transporter-erector-launcher, the missile will have the mobility of
smaller weapons in the Army's family of missiles,
operating on a "shoot and scoot" principle.
Reliability, short reaction time, simplification
of equipment, and versatility in all types of terrain
and climate are other goals of the PERSHING system.
The system will be both ground and air transportable.
The Martin Company, Orlando, Florida, prime
weapons contractor for PERSHING, is resRonsible for
research and development of the. system, reliability,
testing , and production of missile and associated
ground equipment.

Subcontractors in this progressive development

program and their responsibilities include: BendixEclipse-Pioneer Division, Teterboro, N. J . , the
inertial guidance stable platform and associated
equipment; Bulova Watch Company, Long Island, New
York, the fuzing and arming system; Thiokol Chemical
Corporation, Huntsville, Alabama, design and development of the propulsion system, and Thompson Products Accessories Division,
Cleveland, Ohio, manufacturer of the transporter-erector-launcher.
The first PERSHING model built by Martin was static fired in just a
little more than one year from the date of the initial contract, March 25,
1958, and the test firing was made possible less than two years from that
date. Additional static firing tests of the missiles have been conducted at
the Army Ballistic Missile Agency's static testing facilities on Redstone
Arsenal.

REDSTONE
The REDSTONE Ballistic Missile is a
high accuracy liquid propelled, surface-tosurface missile capable of transporting
nuclear or conventional warheads against
targets at ranges up to approximately 200
miles. It is 69 feet long.

'

Its guidance system is entirely selfcontained. Once launched it follows a preplanned ballistic trajectory to the target
independent of outside influences. This
characteristic, plus its terrific speed,
renders it completely innnune to known types
of countermeasures.
The REDSTONE fills the Army's ne~ds
for mobility because missile, launching
equipment, and fuel are transported in a
truck convoy.
The Chrysler Corporation is the prime
production contractor.
The missile is handled by Field Artillery Missile Groups (REDSTONE), the first
of which, the 40th, was trained at the
Army Ballistic Missile Agency and has been
deployed overseas. Other REDSTONE groups
are now in training.

'

REDSTONE is launched in a vertical

position. It rises slowly at first then
accelerates to several times the speed of
sound. As it rises, controls cause the
missile to tilt and head toward the target.
When necessary velocity has been
attained, outside earth's atmosphere, the
rocket engine shuts off and the missile
coasts. The power plant, comprising about
75 percent of the missile's length, separates from the body containing the guidance
control and warhead soon after cutoff.

MORE

Both sections cont~nue on the same path but the power unit slows
more as it r eenters the atmosphere and falls short of the target . The
missile body continues along the traj ec tory to its destination.
During assembly a nd fueling in the field, the missile and l aunching
area is cove red with protective .fog supplied by fire -fighting apparatus
be cause of the combustible nature of the fuel.
The crew mates the power plant and body in horizonta l positions with
the help of a lightweight "A" frame "H" suspension system. Preflight
checkout confirms the readiness of the mi ss ile for fueling a nd launching .
The missi le's flight program is f e d into its program device. Signals
played back f rom the device activate the guidance system in flight, controlling it so that the missile fol lows the pre-computed path to the t a rget.
After checkout, the missile is hauled into upright position a nd
placed on the launcher by the crane. Al cohol us e d as fuel a nd liquid
oxygen used as the oxidizer a re pumped into bi g t anks making up the
center section. Hydrogen peroxide is a l s o pumped a board to gene rate
steam which drives some internal equipment.
The mis si l e is l eve led and turned on the launche r so that the
s tab i lized platform, which is the heart of the guidance system, is
oriented accurately in the direction of the target.
A f i e ld firing panel is se t up in a nearby foxho l e .
A fire control and t es t truck monitors the missile t hrou ghout the
fueling and until about five minutes prior to launch.
Becaus e liquid oxygen bo ils at minus 183 degrees Centigrade the
r a t e of evaporation is high a t ambient temperatures. What is lost by
evaporation must be replaced continuously until just before launching
so that s u ffic i ent liquid oxygen i s in the tank at take-off.
Fueling ceases as l aunching time near s, All e quipment is removed
exc ept the missile on its launcher and the firing pahel in the foxhole.
After f ina l veri fications are made, the firing platoon l eader closes
the swi tch which initiates the flow of fuel and ignites it in the e ngine,
REDSTONE was the fo rerunne r a nd contributor of a n even more potent
weapon, which i s the 1500-mile JUPITER, the first free world i ntermedi a te
r a nge ballis tic missile ~o b e succ essfully l a unche d .
REDSTONE was developed by the Army t eam of s cient i s t s and technicians
headed b y Dr. Wernher von Braun a t the Army Bal l ist ic Missi l e Agency.

JUPITER
The JUPITER Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile is to date the largest
weapon for which the Army has had development responsibility. The missile,
developed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency, has a range of 1500 nautical
miles.
Development of the JUPITER was the primary responsibility of ABMA when
the Agency was established in February, 1956. In November of that year, the
Secretary of Defense issued a Roles and Missions Memorandum which assigned
the operational control of the JUPITER to the Air
Force. United States and Italian Air Force personnel have been trained at Redstone Arsenal to
handle the weapon in the field. Two JUPITER
squadrons have been deployed to Italy and it is
planned to deploy one squadron to Turkey in 1961.
Chrysler Corporation of Detroit, Michigan,
was awarded the production contract for manufacture of the surface-to-surface missile . During
the research and development stage missiles were
built in the fabrication shops of the Agency at
Huntsville .
A number of "firsts" were accomplished in
the JUPITER development program. The JUPITER
was the first U. S. Intermediate Range Ballistic
Missile to be successfully launched. In May,
1958, the JUPITER development team launched and
recovered with assistance of the Navy, the first
full scale, heat-protected IRBM nose cone, demonstrating that a practical solution had been
found for the aerodynamic reentry heating problem. In August, 1957, a scale model of the cone,
launched by the JUPITER C Reentry Test Missile,
had been successfully recovered from the
Atlantic.
JUPITER, a liquid-propelled, 150,000-pound
thrust missile, was developed by a team of 4,500
scientists, engineers, and technicians under the
technical direction of Dr. Wernher von Braun.
The missile stands 60 feet high and is 105
inches in diameter. At liftoff it weighs 110,000
pounds. It has a self-contained all-inertial
guidance system and is capable of carrying a
nuclear warhead~

CORPORAL
The Army CORPORAL is a surface-to-surface guided missile capable of engaging tactical targets at ranges up to 75 miles; far beyond the ranges of
heavy artillery or the 280mm gun and HONEST JOHN rocket. This weapon, equipped with either an atomic or conventional- type warhead, gives the field commander far greater firepower on the battlefield and enables him to strike
selected targets deep in the enemy rear areas.
The CORPORAL follows a ballistic trajectory in its flight to the target . The missile
is driven by a powerful liquid fueled rocket
motor and travels through space at supersonic
speed . It weighs 11,247 pounds at launch and
has a 20,700-pound thrust.
Essential components of the weapons system
include the missile, whi ch is 45 feet long and
30 inches in diameter; a mobile launcher and
guidance equipment. The launcher is a comparatively simple device consisting of a light
metal take-off pedestal. A self-propelled,
electrically operated e rector places the missile
in firing position on the take-off pedestal.
A CORPORAL battalion has 250 men . Each
battalion has two batteries - a firing battery
and a Headquarters Service battery. There are
two operational launchers to a battalion.
The CORPORAL guided missile is produced by
the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company and
Gilfillan Brothers, Inc. The missile has been
deployed to Europe for more than five years .
CORPORAL procurement and field service
activities are effected by the Army Rocket and
Guided Missile Agency, unde r the Weapons System
Management of the U. S. Army Ordnance Mis sile
Command.
Responsibility for all a spects of r e s earch
and deve l opment and the sys tems management functions of the Industrial Operations Division
f or the CORPORAL were transfe rred from the Army
Rocket and Guided Missile Agency to the Army
Ballistic Missile Agency on August 1, 1960.

###

SERGEANT
The SERGEANT, surface-to-surface guided missile, designed to replace the
CORPORAL, will incorporate improvements over the CORPORAL in accuracy, mobility, and power.
The SERGEANT will give the field cOUDnander greater firepower on the
battlefield and will enable him to engage selected targets deep in the enemy
rear areas.
The missile follows a ballistic trajectory in its flight to the target.
Many of the advantages of SERGEANT stem from the fact that it employs a
solid propellant motor, thus increasing its reliability, storage capability,
and mobility.
SERGEANT is approximately 34 feet in length and 2~ feet in diameter and
is capable of delivering a nuclear or conventional warhead against enemy
targets.
A highly mobile weapon, the SERGEANT can be quickly emplaced and fired
by a small crew under all conditions of weather and terrain. All systems
elements have been especially designed for mobility and are transportable by
Army vehicles . The use of solid propellant and the advanced techniques for
guidance have ~inimized system maintenance requirements, and correspondingly
simplified ground handling procedures and equipment. In most tactical situations solid propellant motors, because they are convenient and easy to
handle, are particularly adaptable to
field operations.
The SERGEANT was designed and
developed for the Army by the .Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, Californi~
Institute of Technology, under technical supervision of the Army Rocket
and Guided Missile Agency and Weapons
Systems Management of USAOMC.
Responsibility for all aspects
of research and development and the
systems maagement functions of the
industrial operations division for
the SERGEANT were transferred from
the Army Rocket and Guided Missile
Agency to the Army Ballistic Missile
Agency on August 1, 1960.
The SERGEANT will be produced
by the Sperry Gyroscope Company's
Surface Armament Division at the
Sperry Utah Engineering Laboratory
in Salt Lake City, Utah.

###

HONEST JOHN
The Army's HONEST JOHN rocket is capab l e of carrying both nuclear and
high-explosive conventional warheads. The weapon is used tactically to provide close fire support to ground combat operations.
HONEST JOHN is a free-flight solid propellant rocket as compared to
guided missiles . It approaches the accuracy of standard art illery weapons.
The 27 foot 3 inch rbcket is simple in design and simple to operate, having
no electronic controls. The range is equivalent to that of medium to longrange artillery, and normal crew training and standard fire control techniques are employed.
The weapon has considerably more battlefield mobility than conventional
artillery and one high explosive round can deliver on the target the demolition effect of h1:111dreds of artillery shells .
The HONEST JOHN, 30 inches in diameter and weighing 5,913 pounds at
launch, consists of a simple rocket weighing several tons and a highly mobile self-propelled launcher. The rocket's shell comprises a forward compartment which houses the warhead, a motor at the center in which the rocket
propellant is fitted, and a fin ass~mbly at the rear . The head compartment,
catapult, and major parts of the HONEST JOHN rocket such as the motor and fin
assembly, are assembled at the factory or arsenal . Final assembly of the
explosives warhead and fin to the rocket are done close to the firing site.
Studies for a large caliber artillery rocket were begun by Army Ordnance in May, 1950. Shortly thereafter, Douglas Aircraft submitted proposals for a rocket based on Ordnance specifications and became the prime contractor for the system. Initial firing tests that were completed at White
Sands Missile Range in August, 1951, justified production of additional
models. The rocket has been in the hands of the U. S. Anny troops for several years. It has also been made available to NATO country armies .

Responsibility for all aspect~ of research and development and the systems management functions
of _the Industrial Operations Division for the
HONEST JOHN rocket were
transferred to the Army
Ballistic Missile Agency
on August 1, 1960. The
Army Rocket and Guided
Missile Agency retained
the responsibility for
all field service activities related to management
of the system. Both agencies are elements of the
U. S . Army Ordnance Missile Command located at
Redstone Arsenal, Ala.

LITTLE JOHN
The 318nm rocket, commonl y known as the LITTLE JOHN, is the Army's newest and most advanced free - flight rocket system. It is highly mobile and
packs the explosive power of heavy arti llery. LITTLE JOHN is capable of
delivering either nuclear or conventional - type warheads to ranges beyond 10
miles with an effectiveness that surpasses rigid Army requirements. It is
12\ inches in diameter and 14-\ feet long, and can be easily transported by
ground or by helicopter.
Responsibility for all aspects of research and development and the
systems management functions of the industri al operations division for the
LITTLE JOHN rocket were transferred to the Army Ballistic Missi l e Agency on
August 1, 1960. The Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency, which designed
and developed the rocket, retained the responsibility for all field service
activities related to management of the system . Both agencies are elements
of the U. S. Army Ordnance Missile Command located at Redstone Arsenal,
Alabama.
The weapon, weighting approximately 800 pounds is produced by Consoli dated Western Steel, Emerson Electric Manufacturing Company, Hercules Power
Company, Ordnance Weapons Command, and the Ordnance Special Weapons and
Amnrunition Command and its supporting contractors.
The first public demonstration of the LITTLE JOHN was conducted at the
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., for the benefit of the American Ordnance
Association on Oct. 4, 1956, in a driving rainstorm, showing its all-weather
capabilities.
In contrast to a guided missile, LITTLE JOHN is a solid propellant freeflight rocket without electronic controls. Its deployment in the field is
very similar to conventional artillery.
The accelerated
nature of the development program made it
necessary for Army
Ordnance to telescope
the "drawing-board-toflight" phases to a
period of several
months, instead of se~eral years.
LITTLE JOHN is
similar to the Army's
HONEST JOHN attillery
rocket . Both are surface-to - surface rockets.
Much larger, the HONEST
JOHN has been issued to
troops in this country
and abroad .

LACROSSE
The Army 's LACROSSE guided missile is a surface-to-surface weapon with
transonic speed ,
LACROSSE is a highly accurate general support field ar tillery guided
missile for use in close tactical support of ground troops, It is an all weather weapon capable of carrying atomic and non-atomic warheads and
sufficiently accurate for destroying hard point targets. LACROSSE units
will replace some conventional artil l ery units.
Using solid-propellant rocket fuel, the LACROSSE is 19 feet long with
a wingspan of 108 inches and is 20 .5 inches in diameter. At lift off it
weighs 2360 pounds .
The LACROSSE system was developed under Army Ordnance contract by the
Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory of Buffalo, N. Y., and is being produced
by the Martin Company, Orlando, Fla.
The system includes the missile, a launcher mounted on a standard Army
truck, and other ground equipment.
The LACROSSE enables the user units to answer calls fo r fire in the
same time as ' required for conventional arti llery and with rapidity in the
field comparable to that of 105mm howitzers.
The LACROSSE is under the technical direction of the Army Rocket and
Guided Missile Agency, an e lement of the Army Ordnance Missile Command

- - - -- - - - - - .

SS-10 and SS-11

Procurement of SS-10 a nd SS-11 a nti-t ank guided missiles a nd
assoc i ated equipment fo r u se by the Army was announced on April 12 ,
1959. Both a r e remote-controlled, wire-guided missiles with a
solid f ue l propellant capable of putting out of action any tank
known to exist in present-day armies ,
They can be hand-carried, dropped by parachute from plane~,
launched from the ground, a vehicle, he licopter or airp l ane .
The SS-10 ia basica lly designed for gr ound forces . It i s 33,86
inches in l ength , has a wingspan of 29 . 5 inches , a body diameter of
6. 5 inches and weighs 33 pounds at l aunch.
The SS-11, while b ased on the SS-10, is a weapon complementary
to it, having t wice as much range, gr eat er speed a nd effectiveness.
It measures 46 i nches in length, has a wingspan of 19.7 inches, a
body diameter of 6.46 inches and weighs 63 pounds at l aunch.
The t wo missiles a r e produced by Nord Aviation, Paris , Fra nce.
The Army procured t he SS-11 for eva luat ion by the AOMC 's Army
Rocket and Guided Missi le Agency located a t Redstone Arsenal, Al a bama

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LAW

The LAW, Light Anti-Tank Weapon, is designed to enable the individual

soldier to defeat the majority of tanks likely to be encountered on the
battlefield. The LAW consists of the launcher ~nd the rocket. The launcher will serve as a dual purpose packing case and launcher . Since the
launcher will be carried and displaced, emphasis has been placed on light
weight compactness, and economy.
Responsibility for all aspects of research and development and the
systems management functions of the Industrial Operations Division for the
LAW were transferred from the Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency to the
Army Ballistic Missile Agency on August~' 1960.
Hesse-Eastern is prime contractor for LAW.

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SHILLELAGH
The SHILLELAGH is a lightweight surface-to-surface guided missile
system for close-in support of troops.
It will greatly increase firepower against armor as well as troops
and field fortifications. Vehicle mounting is one application of this
system.
Aeronutronic Systems, Inc., of Glendale, California, a subsidiary
of Ford Motor Company is the prime contractor.
The Ordnance Tank Automotive Command is responsible for development
of the SHILLELAGH. -The Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency (ARGMA)
supervises the missile contract for OTAC.
ARGMA's Research and Developnient Division, Project Management Staff,
will have technical supervision of the development program. The predevelopment work was carried out by the Division's Research and Engineering Staff.
ARGMA is an element of the U. S. Army Ordna:nce Missile Command.

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NIKE-ZEUS
NIKE-ZEUS is an anti-missile
miss ile system now in the research
and development phase which is designed to provide active defense
against a wide variety of ballistic and glide-type missiles.
ZEUS is the Army's proposed
solution to defend the U. S.
against the possible attack of
intercontinental ballistic missiles. It is the only anti-ICBM
missile system presently ' under
active development.
Being developed under the
direction of the Army Rocket and
Guided Missile Agency, a segment
of the Army Ordnance Missile
Command at Huntsville, Ala., the
NIKE-ZEUS combines the necessary
speed and accuracy tQ rise to
extreme altitudes almost instantaneously, intercept and destroy
the enemy ICBM at a safe distance
from its target.
The ZEUS, when operational,
will be the latest member of the
guided missile family consisting
of the NIKE- AJAX, NIKE-HERCULES
and the improved NIKE-HERCULES.
Thus, NIKE-ZEUS takes advantage
of a long history of development
of air defense missile systems,
which has been accumulated by an experienced Army-industry team . The Western
Electric Company is prime systems contractor, with the two major sub-contractors being Douglas Aircraft Company and the Bell Telephone Laboratories.
To understand the NIKE-ZEUS system concept, one must first define the
threat against which it is designed. The primary mission of this highly flexible system will be to defend against long-range ballistic missiles coming
toward a target from any ~irection at speeds in excess of 15 thousand miles
per hour.

MORE

- 2 -

This includes defense .against surface-launched, submarinelaunched or air-launched b a llis tic rockets, glide vehicles or other
s imilar bombardme~t missiles . It is designed to work in an e nvironment of e lectronic and nuclear countermeasures and decoys and to
e ngage many targets s imultaneous ly in a saturation raid toward a
t arget .
The po tential enemy knows that we have no active defe nse against
a b a llistic miss ile a ttack. Since all elements of the attacking
system a re completely under his control, he can plan his a ttack at
will. He knows the reliability of his sys t em. Once the mi ssi le
has been l aunched successfully he can be r easonab ly certain tha t it
will reach its t a r get, In othe r words, he is in complete control of
the situation a nd the re are few unknown factors.
When the NIKE-ZEUS is operational t his wil l no longer be true.
There will then be a very large unce rtainty in the aggressor's mind.
He wi ll not know how many and which of his missiles were destroyed
enroute to their tar get s . Hi s a ttack will be spread out in time .
The number of missiles and warheads involved wi ll have gone up dras tically. In other word s, the aggressor's job has been made exceed ingly
difficul t and much more cost l y .
This is the purpose of the NI KE -ZEUS mi ssile system .
This is analogous to a fight between t wo men with swords. If one
of them also has a shield, the na ture of the contest i s s ubst antia lly
changed. The us efulness of our retailiatory force is reduced as a limited
war deterr ent if it is only an offense without a defense.
To accomplish the split-second objective of countering an incoming
I CBM warhead, the ZEUS system u ses highly sophisticated detection ,
tracking and coord ination e lements composed of an Acquisition Radar ,
Target Track Radar, Missile Track Radar and a set of high- speed computers. This electronic equipment support s the missile with its
guidance package and contro l mechani sms , the warhead a:id various communi cation links among the radars, computers, missiles and controlling
agencies .
The Acquisition Radar has a very long de tection range and uses
separate transmitting and r eceiving antennas. The transmitter consists of t hree a rrays in a horizontal, triangular a r rangement which
rotate 360 degrees in azi muth. The rec eiver is located n ear the transmitter and rotat es synchronously with it. It consi sts effectively of
a ver y large Luneberg lens with many independent receiver horns. The
Acquisition Radar can pr ovide t r ack information on a large number of
vehicles simultaneously.
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- 3 -

The Target Track Radar is a highly accurate set designed to give

precise track information on the target. The antennas have very high
slewing rates for rapid target acquisitioning and tracking. This radar
"locks" on and follows the target until it is intercepted by the defensive missile. A separate and smaller but also very precise radar
system tracks the defensive missile and provides it guidance information to intercept the incoming warhead. Intercepts can be achieved
either inside or outside the atmosphere.
There will probably be several Target Track and Missile Track
Radars per Acquisition Radar.
The missile has three stages of solid propellant motors. The
450,000-pound thrust booster engine-developed by Thiokol Chemical
Corporation, is the most powerful single unit solid propellant motor
ever successfully fired in the U. S. The sustainer engine for the
second stage was developed by Grand Central Rocket Company.
Missiles will be stored in ready batteries and can be prepared
for hot firing in a few seconds after track initiation by the Acquisition Radar.
Tactical ZEUS missiles will be fired from submerged launch cel!s,
which can be adapted to any terrain and "hardened" to be more resistant to enemy attack.
The nuclear warhead is being deve~oped by the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the Atomic Energyconnnission.
Since the entire trajectory time of a 5,000-mile ICBM is approximately 30 minutes, the defensive engagement.will occupy only the last
few minutes of its flight. And, since many targets might be detected
simultaneously and there are many computations on trajectory, predic.ted target impact point, discrimination, intercept points, etc.,
to be peri6rmed on each target, very high-speed digital ~omputers
are required to process the data.
This entire engagement, from detection to destruction of the
enemy missile, will take place within 20 minutes, and span activities
covering many thousands of miles. The most significant aspect of
this defense system is its reliability. The NIKE-ZEUS will function
as a fully automated system, free from such mechanical shortcomings
and human weaknesses as time reaction limitations and fatigue.
Extensive communication links are planned among the various
elements of the NIKE-ZEUS system. Each system of Acquisition Radar
through to the firing battery is capable of autonomous operation in
the event of disruption of outside communication links. Each ZEUS
installation will take advantage of early warning information from
other systems if available.
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- 4 -

The system was initiated by the Army in the winter of 1956. Active
development began in the spring of 1957. More than 20 major government
laboratories and proving grounds have been involved in the program so
far. Extensive static and t~st firings and live missile firings have
been held. Successful launchings have been made at White Sands Missile
Range, New.Mexico, an element of AOMC, where the radar systems are also
being te~ted.
Additional test facilities are currently under constJrttction at Point
Mugu, Cal., Kwajalein Island in the South Pacific and Ascension Island
in the Atlantic. A Target Track Radar on Ascension will be used to gather
data on actual ICBMs launched from Cape Canaveral, Fla.
From Kwajalein, tactical ZEUS missiles will be fired against Atlas
ICBMs launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California.
###

NIKE-AJAX
NIKE-AJAX was the Army ' s first s upersonic antiaircraf t guided
missiles des i gned t o follow and destroy the e nemy target regardless of
evasive ac tion . It was the first guided missi l e system to defend key
American cities and defense ins tallations against air a ttack.
Originally, the NIKE-AJAX, a surface - to- a ir miss ile , was designated
simple NIKE. It was named a fter the Greek goddess of victory. The
developme nt program was extraordinarily succ essful, and over the years
other and far more effective members of the NIKE family have evo lved.
Th~ original weapon was renamed NIKE- AJAX, and a great l y improved version bec-ame known as NIKE- HERCULES. St ill another, a "third generation11
weapon, is in the devel opment stage. It is the Army's NIKE -ZEUS a ntimissile missile.
The NIKE - AJAX project was initia t ed in 1945 . Initia l firing t es ts
started in the fall of 1946. The fir s t NIKE-AJAX battery to become
operational was ins t a lled at Fort Meade , Md ., in December, 1953. Since
that t ime the weapon has been i ns t a lled at dozens of areas in the United
States and in allied countries.
The missile was developed by a service -industry t eam composed of
the Army, Western Elec tric Company, Be ll Telephone Laboratories, a nd
Doug l as Aircraft Comp any . Production of the control equipme nt is
accomplished lar gely b y Western Electric. The missile a nd component
parts are produced by Douglas, Western Electric, a nd suppliers and
subcontractors in more than 20 states. The NI KE program is under the
technical direction of the Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency , an
element of the U. S. Army Ordnance Missile Command at Redstone Arsenal,
Alabama .

- 2 -

The ground control equipment consists of a number of major components .

These include three rada rs, a computer, automatic plotting boards, remote
control l aunching racks and power generators.
One of
detects the
radar which
informa tion
third radar
movement to
sent to the

the three radars is an acquisition or search radar which

approach of distant aircraf t. The second is a tracking
picks up and tracks the target as it approaches and f eeds
regarding its location a nd movement into the computer. The
tracks the missile t hroughout its flight a nd reports its
the computer . On the b asis of those data, directions are
missile telling it where to go to hit the target.

The computer, radars, a nd associated control equipment are located

a t the Battery Control a rea. The remotely controlled launching equipment
is a t the Battery Launcher Area .
In a typica l engagement, warning of the approach of a hos tile
aircraft will come from the early warning system operated by the Air
Force .
The acquisition radar continuously searches the sky for approaching
a ircraft. When the t arget is a cquired, the informatio~ is r e layed t o
b a ttery control.
While the t arget is still many miles distant, the tracking radar
takes over the designated target. Using information from the target
tracking radar, the computer begins r ecording the path of the hostile
aircraft . In the meantime, the missile tracking radar i s tra ined on
a missile.
At the appropriate moment, the mi ss ile is launched . From .that
ins tant, the target a nd missile tracking radars work in unison, one
locked on the target, the other on the mis s i l e.
On the bas i s of data from these r adars, guidance is provided the
missile t o intercept and to destroy the target . Any evasive action t aken
by the target is innnediately detected a nd corrective information i s
given to the missile.
NIKE-AJAX, which is equipped with a conventional warhead , is capa~le
of climbing to a heig~t of 50,000 fee t. At liift-off it weighs 2300 lbs.,
and can travel a distance of 25 miles.
###

Nll(E-HERCULES
The NIKE-HERCULES antiaircraft
guided missile, an improved version of
the NIKE-AJAX, has undergon efinal test ing and is now being installed around
key cities and defense installations.
With nuclear capability, it affords
many times the destructive power of the
NIKE-AJAX.
The missile was developed under
contract to Western Electric Company
with Bell Telephone Laboratories and
Douglas Aircraft Corporation as the
major pri me contractors. Development
was unde r the technical supervision of
the Army Rocket and Guided Missile
Agency.
Known as the NIKE-B during the
development stage, NIKE-HERCULES is
substantially finer and has a much
greater range than NIKE-AJAX which has
guarded key cities and strategic areas
of the nation for several years. The
NIKE -HERCULES is scheduled to be sited
at SAC bases and to replace NI KE-AJAX
installations around metropolitan
a r eas. Several batt eries have been
converted to HERCULES to date. The
supersonic missile is capable of soaring to heights in excess of 100,000
feet over a range of 75 miles.

Although longer and more than

double the diameter of the NIKE-AJAX,
HERCULES has operational maneuverability far in excess of that capable of
being reached by AJAX. Its higher velocity permits swifter interception of
t t1e most advanced types of aircraft and its increased lethality makes NIKE1-IERCULES one of the most effective weapons in American defense areas. The
missi l e, with booster, is 39 feet long , and h as a wingspan of 90 inches. It
is 31.4 inches in diameter and weighs approximately 10 ,000 pounds at launch.
Certain modi fications in existing ground control equipment makes it possib l e for HIKE-HERCULES to be integrated into existing NIKE batteries throughout tile nation. Both NIKE-AJAX and NIKE-HERCULES can then be fired with the
same system. The equipment changes also add to the effectiveness of the
NIKE-AJAX.
MORE

Western Electric Company is prime production contractor for the

NIKE-HERCULES.
Research and development studies were begun on the improv~d version
of NIKE-AJAX in 1953 by the same Army-industry team which assumed responsibility of the origiqal NIKE-AJAX missile. This included the u. s.
Army Ordnance Corps, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Western Electric Company
and Douglas Aircraft Company.
The ground guidance and control equipment and missile guidance
are being manufactured by the Western ElectT.ic Co. at their Burlington
and Winston-Salem plants in North Carolina, while HERCULES missiles
will be produced initially in the Douglas Aircraft Santa Monica plant
and following additional production at the Douglas-operated Charlotte
missile plant at Charlotte, N. C. Components of the associated
launching equipment, also are the responsibili~y of Douglas.
The missile has atomic or conventional warhead capability. The
power system calls for a solid propellant sustainer and a .solid propellant booster.
###

4'<----HAWK---The name HAWK is formed with the initial letters of "Homing All-The-Way
Killer." The surface-to-air weapon system was designed specifically to defend
against enemy attackers flying at extremely low altitudes (i. e., tree-top
level) thus filling the gap between zero altitude and mini mum NIKE capability.
It is equipped with a homing device guidance system and carries a lethal conventional warhead.
The supersonic HAWK missile is approximately 17' in length with a wingspan of 48 inches and a diameter of 14 inches . The missile has a solid propellant motor and is deployed on a triple launcher from which three of the
missiles can be fired in rapid sequence. HAWK utilizes continuous wave radar
techniques to detect and des.troy aircraft flying in the "blind zone" of conventional radars.
The system is capable of operating both in the continental United States
air defense complex at fixed installations and with fast moving combat troops
of the field Army. It may be transported on the highway using a minimum of
vehicles, by helicopter, and by aircraft. HAWK - in its mobile role - also
will be adopted by the U. S. Marine Corps.
Site selection actions for the emplacement of the new weapons have been
initiated in the New York City and Washington-Baltimore areas. While the
land requirement for each individual site is relatively small, positioning
the site is comparatively rigid. Only the absolute minimum of land necessary
to emplace, operate, and administer the weapon system and to afford safety
protection is to be acquired. Each battery will require approximately 55
acre s for emplacement.
Major pieces of equipment in a HAWK battery are
acquisition radars (which seek
out targ~ts), a battery control van, illuminators, target
tracking radars and l aunchers
with missiles,
The Army Rocket and
Guided Missile Agency, under
the Weapons System Management
of the U. S. Army Ordnance
Missile Conunand, developed the
HAWK. The prime contractor
for the system is Raytheon
Manufacturing Company,
Northrop Aircraft and Aerojet
General were major sub-contractors.

fNNI

MAULER
MAULER, the Anny' s newest air defense missile system under development,
is designed to be a compact, highly mobile weapon. Using solid fuel, the
MAULER missile will be radar-guided and is designed to destroy high-performance tactical aircraft that bomb, strafe, harrass, or reconnoiter new forward battle area positions. It will also have capability against shortrange enemy ballistic missiles and rockets in the battle area.
The Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency, an element of the Army Ordnance Missile Command at Redstone Arsenal, Ala., has over-all charge of
MAULER development. C~nvair Division of General Dynamics Corporation in
Pamona, California, is the development contractor.
It is anticipated that any future enemy will use modern jet aircraft
in close support of his own forward units and MAULER weapon, a part of the
.Army's modernization program, will be a powerful answer to that threat of
attack .
Each MAULER fire unit will be contained entirely on a self-propelled
chassis of standard design. The firing unit will be capable of delivering
accurate fire ev~n while moving. This characteristic conforms to present
Army policy to give a high degree of mobility to all its new weapons systems so that an enemy is not. presented with targets which are fixed or
anchored to the ground.
11f#f

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"

REDEYE
The REDEYE Missile System is designed as a man-portable, man- fired
missile, to provide combat troops with the capability of destroying low
f l ying enemy aircraft.
The missile itself is a wingless cylinde r housing an infrared
guidance system, a high-explosive warhead and a golid propellant motor .
The missile is fired from a "bazooka" t ype l auncher, approximately 4
feet long and about 3 inches in diameter which, when capped at the e nds,
serves as the shipping container. The total weight of the system is
about 20 lbs.
In the field the launcher, housing the missile, can be carried through
underbrush and r ugged terrain, where no other comparable type air defense
weapon could be transported.
REDEYE is designed to be effective at a ltitudes and ranges commensurate with close-in defense of field Army positions and Marine Corps
amphibious operations against low level attack aircraft.
The Army Rocket and Guided Missile Agency, under the Weapons System
Management of the U. S. Army Ordnanc e Hi.ssi l e Command, is developing
the REDEYE missile system. Convair Div.ision of General Dynamics is the
prime contractor ,

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